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10 Math Concepts for Programmers

Original YouTube Video | Fireship Published on 2023-04-21 Level：93 Speed：92 maxwordlevel：21

#EnglishListening #MathConcepts #Programming

Video vocabulary

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

useful

US / ˈju:sfl /

•

UK / ˈjusfəl /

adjecitve
That can help with a particular task

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

balenciaga

US / bəˌlensi:ˈɑ:gə /

•

UK / bəˌlɛnsiˈɑɡə /

other
Spanish fashion designer known for his stark elegant designs

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

girlfriend

US / 'ɡɜ:lfrend /

•

UK / ˈɡə:lˌfrɛnd /

noun
Romantic female friend of a man or boy

numeral

US / ˈnju:mərəl /

•

UK / ˈnumərəl, ˈnju- /

noun
A number

string

US / strɪŋ /

•

UK / strɪŋ /

noun
A line of connected objects
Thick thread; thin rope
verb
To tie or connect things together with a thread

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

grid

US / ɡrɪd /

•

UK / ɡrɪd /

noun
Electrical network supplying electricity to area
Metal structure with bars used to cover a hole
Pattern made up of lines and small squares

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

transformation

US / ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn /

noun
A complete change in shape or form of something

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

zombie

US / ˈzɔmbi /

•

UK / ˈzɑmbi /

noun
Dead person who exists among the living

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

digit

US / ˈdɪdʒɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪt /

noun
Person's finger or toe
Written symbol of the numbers from 0 to 9

encryption

US / ɪn'krɪpʃn /

•

UK / ɪn'krɪpʃn /

noun
Scrambling data into a code so it is hard to read

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

nature

US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

noun
Person's character or particular way of behaving
Basic look, feel or function of something
Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

multiply

US / ˈmʌltɪplaɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ /

verb
To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
To increase something by a large quantity
To have increased by a large quantity
To calculate two numbers e.g. 2 x 4

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

underlie

US / ˌʌndəˈlaɪ /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈlaɪ /

verb
To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
To lie or exist beneath

unlocked

US / ˌʌnˈlɒkt /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈlɑːkt /

verb
To use a key or code to open something

atom

US / 'ætəm /

•

UK / ˈætəm /

noun
Smallest bit that matter can be broken down into

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

abstract

US / 'æbstrækt /

•

UK / ˈæbˌstrækt /

adjecitve
Concerning something that doesn't exist physically
noun
Passage of text from an article or book
Something that doesn't exist physically
Short summary of an academic article
verb
To take out or remove a part of
To summarize an academic article

approximate

US / ə'prɒksɪmət /

•

UK / əˈprɑksəmɪt /

adjecitve
About; not exact but close
verb
To be similar to, but not exactly the same

execute

US / ˈeksɪkju:t /

•

UK / ˈɛksɪˌkjut /

verb
To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
To perform a plan or action

curve

US / kə:v /

•

UK / kɚv /

noun
Smooth rounded line that is not straight
verb
To make something bend into a rounded shape

gradually

US / ˈgrædʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈɡrædʒʊəlɪ /

adverb
Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time

indistinguishable

US / ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbl /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbəl /

adjecitve
Exactly alike; not able to be seen as different

error

US / ˈerə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛrɚ /

noun
Something that is not correct; a mistake

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

original

US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

adjecitve
Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
Being unique or thinking differently from others

otherwise

US / ˈʌðəwaiz /

•

UK / ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz /

adverb
In an additional or different way
Unless; or

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

topic

US / 'tɒpɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

noun
Subject or issue people talk or write about

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

crucial

US / 'kru:ʃl /

•

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely important or necessary

shadow

US / 'ʃædəʊ /

•

UK / ˈʃædo /

noun
Person who follows another person to observe them
Area of darkness that is caused by blocked light
verb
To cover something with shade
To secretly follow a person

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

interview

US / 'ɪntəvju: /

•

UK / ˈɪntɚˌvju /

noun
Meeting to ask questions to get information
verb
To formally ask questions about a given topic

introduce

US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

•

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To open an essay to set the scene
To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
To begin the use of a new thing or practice
To make someone known to another by name
To insert or put something inside another thing

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

log

US / lɒg /

•

UK / lɔ:g /

noun
Detailed account of events and progress on journey
Piece of a tree that has fallen or been cut
verb
To move a certain distance or speed, as recorded
To leave a website or computer account
To record something in an official account
To cut trees down and take the wood to use it

oppose

US / əˈpəʊz /

•

UK / əˈpoʊz /

verb
To fight against someone in a contest or game

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

ignore

US / ɪɡ'nɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪɡˈnɔr, -ˈnor /

verb
To not listen to, look at, or pay attention to

intelligence

US / ɪn'telɪdʒəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns /

adjecitve
Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
noun
Collection of secret information about something
Ability to learn things or to consider situations

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

continuous

US / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

adjecitve
Happening, existing, or performed without stops

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

approximation

US / əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / əˌprɑksəˈmeʃən /

noun
Something that is similar, but not an exact copy

congrat

US / /

•

UK / /

propagate

US / 'prɒpəɡeɪt /

•

UK / ˈprɑpəˌɡet /

verb
To make an idea known by many people
To make new plants from parts of another one

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

visual

US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to vision
noun
Pictures/images used to help audience understand

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

anybody

US / ˈenibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

pronoun
Any person; anyone

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

default

US / dɪ'fɔ:lt /

•

UK / dɪˈfɔlt /

noun
Automatic setting when no indicated preference
Failure to meet an agreement or make a payment
verb
To fail to meet as agreed; failure to pay
To return to a previously determined state

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

precision

US / prɪˈsɪʒn /

•

UK / prɪˈsɪʒən /

adjecitve
Performed in a very careful, detailed manner
noun
Quality of being very accurate and exact

undirected

US / 'ʌndɪ'rektɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌndə'rektɪd /

adjecitve
Aimlessly drifting

combinatorics

US / ˌkɒmbɪnə'tɔ:rɪks /

•

UK / ˌkɒmbənə'tɒrɪks /

plural noun
The branch of mathematics dealing with combinations of objects belonging to a finite set in accordan

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

magic

US / 'mædʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈmædʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving tricks for entertainment
Being able to produce good results or success
noun
Attractive, appealing, and exciting quality
Performance of tricks for entertainment
Special ability or skill that causes success
Use of the supernatural to make things happen

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

umbrella

US / ʌmˈbrelə /

•

UK / ʌmˈbrɛlə /

adjecitve
Including many smaller things of the same type
noun
Thing you open over your head to keep rain off

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

linear

US / ˈlɪniə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɪniər /

adjecitve
Made of lines
Series of progressing from one stage to another

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

sigmoid

US / ˈsɪɡmɒɪd /

•

UK / ˈsɪɡˌmɔɪd /

adjecitve
Tech curved in two directions (like the letter S)

variable

US / ˈveəriəbl /

•

UK / ˈveriəbl /

adjecitve
Having the ability to change or vary
noun
Mathematical quantity with several values

concept

US / 'kɒnsept /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

noun
Abstract idea of something or how it works

concise

US / kənˈsaɪs /

•

UK / kənˈsaɪs /

adjecitve
Being brief and to the point; short

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

false

US / fɔ:ls /

•

UK / fɔ:ls /

adjecitve
Not real or genuine

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

median

US / ˈmi:diən /

•

UK / ˈmidiən /

adjecitve
Being in the middle or average
noun
Middle of an ordered set of numbers

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

combinatoric

US / ˌkɒmbɪnəˈtɔːrɪk /

•

UK / /

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

translate

US / trænsˈleɪt /

•

UK / trænsˈlet /

verb
To change something into a different state
To be equivalent to; equate to
To change a text, speech into a different language
To change words from one language into another

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

logarithm

US / ˈlɒgərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈlɔ:gərɪðəm /

noun
Exponent required to produce a given number

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

staggering

US / ˈstægərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈstæɡərɪŋ /

adjecitve
Causing amazement; unbelievable
verb
To greatly surprise someone

trick

US / trɪk /

•

UK / trɪk /

adjecitve
Not reliable; likely to deceive you
noun
Act of trying to fool someone
Quick or skillful way of doing something
Something done to make someone laugh
verb
To fool someone in order to obtain a result
To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

cyclic

US / ˈsaɪklɪk /

•

UK / ˈsaɪklɪk /

adjecitve
A series of regular and repeated actions

distribute

US / dɪˈstrɪbju:t /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɪbjut /

verb
To hand out or give to people
To send products to stores to sell
To spread something over an area

deviation

US / ˌdi:viˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdiviˈeʃən /

noun
Difference from what is normal or standard
Statistics difference between values

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

logistic

US / lə'dʒɪstɪkl /

•

UK / loˈdʒɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning planning and organizing a large project

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

output

US / 'aʊtpʊt /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌpʊt /

noun
Amount of something that is produced
verb
To produce data or information, as a computer

relationship

US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

•

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

noun
Connection between two or more people or things
Way people interact or live with each other
Romantic or loving friendship between two people

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

formula

US / 'fɔ:mjələ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrmjələ /

noun
A mathematical or scientific rule
Plan, rule or method for doing or making something

globally

US / 'ɡləʊbəlɪ /

•

UK / 'ɡloʊbəlɪ /

adverb
Throughout the world

intersection

US / ˌɪntə'sekʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪntɚˈsɛkʃən /

noun
Place where two things cross

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

acyclic

US / ˌeɪˈsaɪklɪk /

•

UK / ˌeɪˈsaɪklɪk /

adjecitve
Not cyclic; especially having parts arranged in spirals rather than whorls; having an open chain str

pattern

US / 'pætn /

•

UK / ˈpætən /

noun
Model to follow in making or doing something
Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
Regular repeated behavior
verb
To copy the way something else is made

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

bro

US / brəʊ /

•

UK / broʊ /

noun
Shortened form of 'brother'

commonly

US / ˈkɒmənli /

•

UK / ˈkɑmənlɪ /

adverb
Typically, normally; not unusually

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

python

US / 'paɪθən /

•

UK / ˈpaɪˌθɑn, -θən /

noun
A large snake that crushes its victims

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

silly

US / 'sɪlɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪli /

adjecitve
Careless
Acting funny or playfully
Not being serious or important

conjunction

US / kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən /

noun
Combination of things or events
Word that joins parts of a sentence, e.g. 'and'

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

stock

US / stɒk /

•

UK / stɑk /

adjecitve
(E.g. of a response) standard; usual; not original
noun
Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
Tasty liquid added to stews, soups etc.
Merchandise; goods kept by a business for sale
Piece of a business, bought in the form of shares
verb
To keep some of, as items for sale

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

hood

US / hʊd /

•

UK / hʊd /

noun
Front part of the car that covers the engine
A head covering attached to a cape, sweater etc.

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

google

US / 'ɡu:ɡl /

•

UK / 'ɡu:ɡl /

noun
A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important
other
Search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

vector

US / 'vektə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvɛktɚ /

noun
Math a quantity that has both size and direction

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

classification

US / ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌklæsəfɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Putting similar items into groups or sets

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

vertex

US / ˈvɜ:teks /

•

UK / ˈvɜ:rteks /

noun
Summit; highest point; pl; vertices

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

translation

US / trænsˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / trænsˈleʃən, trænz- /

noun
changing text from one language to another; the process of changing something into a different form

algebra

US / ˈældʒɪbrə /

•

UK / ˈældʒəbrə /

noun
Math using letters or symbols in place of numbers

fancy

US / 'fænsɪ /

•

UK / ˈfænsi /

adjecitve
Unusual and attractive in design
verb
To want to have or do something; feel like
To imagine or suppose that something will happen
To believe or imagine something that is not true

node

US / nəʊd /

•

UK / noʊd /

noun
A junction point in a network or stem
Raised area caused by a mass of cells in the body

operator

US / ˈɒpəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪtə(r) /

noun
Someone who operates or controls a machine
Person whose job it is to connect phone calls

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

clever

US / 'klevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈklɛvɚ /

adjecitve
Funny in a way that shows intelligence
Showing intelligence; quick to understand or learn

gpu

US / ˌdʒiː piː ˈjuː /

•

UK / ˌdʒiː piː ˈjuː /

proper noun
A Soviet secret police agency 1922–23.

notation

US / nəʊ'teɪʃn /

•

UK / noˈteʃən /

noun
Set of written signs are used in music or math

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

sequence

US / 'si:kwəns /

•

UK / ˈsikwəns, -ˌkwɛns /

noun
Part of a movie showing one part of the story
verb
To arrange things in an order they should happen

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

understanding

US / ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ /

adjecitve
Being sympathetic
noun
When you get the meaning correctly; comprehension
Knowledge about something or someone
verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

rotation

US / rəʊˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / roʊˈteɪʃn /

noun
Regular change of the crops grown in a field
Group who take turns performing a certain task
Regularly changing the time when people work
Movement in a circle around a central point

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

select

US / sɪ'lekt /

•

UK / sɪˈlɛkt /

verb
To choose a suitable thing from a group

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

discrete

US / dɪˈskri:t /

•

UK / dɪˈskrit /

adjecitve
Separate; composed of distinct parts

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

permutation

US / ˌpɜ:mjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɜ:rmjuˈteɪʃn /

noun
Event where one thing is substituted for another

mom

US / mɒm /

•

UK / mɑ:m /

noun
A slang term for mother

shear

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

verb
To cut off fur or wool

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

unlock

US / ˌʌn'lɒk /

•

UK / ʌnˈlɑk /

verb
To use a key or code to open something

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

unordered

US / 'ʌn'ɔ:dəd /

•

UK / ʌn'ɔ:dəd /

adjecitve
Not yet ordered

grab

US / ɡræb /

•

UK / ɡræb /

verb
To take and hold something quickly

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

programmer

US / ˈprəʊgræmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræmɚ /

noun
Person who writes instructions for computers

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

square

US / skweə(r) /

•

UK / skwɛr /

adjecitve
Being fair or honest
Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
noun
Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
The result of multiplying Length by the width
Open public area in the middle of the town
verb
To make something balance or be equal
To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

tile

US / taɪl /

•

UK / taɪl /

noun
Squares of hard material to cover floor/roof/wall

artificial

US / ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl /

•

UK / ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Dishonest, to seem fake, not sincere
(Something) made by people; not created by nature

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

exercise

US / 'eksəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

noun
Physical activity to increase health and strength
Set of questions in a text book
verb
To work out to become stronger and healthier
To retain your ability or practice your skills

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

partition

US / pɑ:'tɪʃn /

•

UK / pɑrˈtɪʃən /

noun
A wall, screen, etc. used to separate areas
verb
To separate areas by adding borders, walls etc.

outer

US / ˈaʊtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈaʊtɚ /

adjecitve
Far away
Being farther away from the center
On or around something; away from the center

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

uniquely

US / jʊ'ni:klɪ /

•

UK / jʊ'ni:klɪ /

adverb
In an unusual manner

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

qualified

US / ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd /

•

UK / ˈkwɑ:lɪfaɪd /

adjecitve
Having suitable abilities earned through study
verb
To earn a qualification through exam, studying
To (cause to) have the necessary skill or quality
To reach the next stage in a sporting event
To add conditions to limit what you said

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

encode

US / ɪn'kəʊd /

•

UK / ɛnˈkod /

verb
To change a message or information into code

lighting

US / ˈlaɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈlaɪtɪŋ /

noun
A source of light (e.g. lamp)
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

calculate

US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

verb
To find an answer using mathematics
To make an educated guess about something

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

boolean

US / ˈbuːliən /

•

UK / ˈbuːliən /

adjecitve
Logic system using and, or, if, then, not, except

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

indicate

US / ˈɪndɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪˌket /

verb
To show something; direct attention to; point out
To represent something using a symbol or sign

iteration

US / ˌɪtəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪtəˈreʃən /

noun
Single execution of a repeated set of instructions

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

exponent

US / ɪkˈspəʊnənt /

•

UK / ɪkˈsponənt, ˈɛkˌsponənt /

noun
Person who exemplifies an art movement, etc.

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

count

US / kaʊnt /

•

UK / kaʊnt /

noun
Number of things added together, e.g. votes
With the number of crimes, knockouts, as stated
verb
To add things together to find the total number
To matter or be important
To include someone or something in a final number

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

gear

US / ɡɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɡɪr /

noun
A speed selector connected to an engine
Special clothes you use for a purpose
Toothed wheel shifting power from engine to wheels
verb
To aim at or prepare yourself for something

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

comprehend

US / ˌkɒmprɪ'hend /

•

UK / ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnd /

verb
To understand the meaning of

chat

US / tʃæt /

•

UK / tʃæt /

noun
A friendly and relaxed talk with friends
verb
To talk in a friendly and relaxed manner

cryptography

US / krɪpˈtɒgrəfi /

•

UK / krɪpˈtɑɡrəfi /

noun
Science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms; act of writing in code or ci

magically

US / 'mædʒɪklɪ /

•

UK / 'mædʒɪklɪ /

adverb
In a manner that uses or involves magic

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

technical

US / ˈteknɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkəl /

adjecitve
Complex; difficult to understand
Of practical use of machine/science in industry

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

school

US / sku:l /

•

UK / skul /

adjecitve
Being to do with schools and education
noun
Large group of fish that swim together
Education of a child
Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
A particular belief or idea about something
verb
To teach or train someone to know or do something

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

graphic

US / ˈgræfɪk /

•

UK / ˈɡræfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning things that are drawn
In clear detail, often when unpleasant in some way
noun
Picture or drawing used to show something clearly

handsome

US / 'hænsəm /

•

UK / ˈhænsəm /

adjecitve
A large amount or quantity
Good looking and attractive (usually used of men)

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

complexity

US / kəm'pleksətɪ /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛksɪti /

noun
State of having many parts and not being simple

fibonacci

US / ˌfɪbəˈnɑːtʃi /

•

UK / ˌfɪbəˈnɑːtʃi /

gpt

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
GPT is an acronym

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

statistic

US / stəˈtɪstɪk /

•

UK / stəˈtɪstɪk /

noun
Number that represents a piece of information

matrix

US / ˈmeɪtrɪks /

•

UK / ˈmetrɪks /

noun
Rock that surrounds rare stones
Pattern of lines, spaces, or numbers
Set of conditions that a person/thing develops in

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

binary

US / ˈbaɪnəri /

•

UK / ˈbaɪnəri /

adjecitve
Having two parts; using only 2 numbers, 1 and 0
noun
Mathematical language using only one and zero

finger

US / ˈfɪŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪŋɡɚ /

noun
One of the five long parts of the hand
verb
To touch something with the ends of the hands
To identify the person guilty of a crime

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

predict

US / prɪ'dɪkt /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

verb
To guess or estimate what will or might happen

efficient

US / ɪˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Able to produce results without waste

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

inner

US / ˈɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the inside part of something

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

numerical

US / nju:ˈmerɪkl /

•

UK / nu:ˈmerɪkl /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving numbers

logarithmic

US / ˌlɒɡə'rɪðmɪk /

•

UK / ˌlɒɡə'rɪðmɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or using logarithms

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

universe

US / ˈju:nɪvɜ:s /

•

UK / ˈjunəˌvɚs /

noun
All of space that contains planets and stars
Things surrounding a person, affecting their life

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

opposite

US / ˈɔpəzit /

•

UK / ˈɑpəzɪt /

adjecitve
Being totally different from
noun
Person, thing that is totally different to another
preposition
Across from or on the side facing something

physical

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the body of a person
Concerning things that can be seen or touched
noun
Health check at the doctors' or hospital

teach

US / ti:tʃ /

•

UK / titʃ /

verb
To help someone learn or do something

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

meaning

US / ˈmi:nɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈminɪŋ /

noun
Idea or thing represented by words or sentences
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular intention or value

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

scientific

US / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

•

UK / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning academic study of the physical world

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

tool

US / tu:l /

•

UK / tul /

noun
Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
verb
To provide a workshop with the right equipment

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

combine

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To mix several things together to form one thing

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

meme

US / mi:m /

•

UK / mi:m /

noun
Idea, value or pattern of behavior in a culture

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

importantly

US / ɪmˈpɔːtntli /

•

UK / ɪmˈpɔːrtntli /

adverb
In an important way;

input

US / ˈɪnpʊt /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌpʊt /

noun
Advice or ideas that someone provides
verb
To put in information, advice or opinions

correlate

US / ˈkɒrəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɔ:rəleɪt /

verb
To have/show the relationship between two things

memory

US / 'memərɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛməri /

noun
Ability of the mind to call back past things
Space for the storage of information on a computer
Something that has been remembered

negation

US / nɪˈgeɪʃn /

•

UK / nɪˈgeɪʃn /

noun
A denial or nullification of a statement

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

union

US / 'ju:nɪən /

•

UK / ˈjunjən /

noun
Act of joining two or more things into one
Marriage
Organization of workers to look after their needs

complicated

US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /

adjecitve
Difficult to do, understand or use
verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

perfectly

US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

•

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

adverb
In a faultless manner; without mistakes

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

weird

US / wɪəd /

•

UK / wɪrd /

adjecitve
Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

exponentiation

US / ˌekspəˌnenʃɪˈeɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌekspoʊˌnenʃɪˈeɪʃn /

noun
The process of raising a quantity to some assigned power

programming

US / ˈprəʊgræmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈproʊgræmɪŋ /

noun
Writing computer code for a piece of software
TV or radio shows broadcast by a station
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

relational

US / rɪˈleɪʃənl /

•

UK / rɪ'leɪʃənl /

adjecitve
To do with relations or relationships

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

compute

US / kəm'pju:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpjut /

verb
To find out by calculating or estimating

handy

US / 'hændɪ /

•

UK / ˈhændi /

adjecitve
Convenient, easy to use, easy to reach
Being skillful in performing small tasks

hoody

US / ˈhʊdi /

•

UK / ˈhʊdi /

noun
Cotton jacket with a hood

database

US / 'deɪtəbeɪs /

•

UK / ˈdetəˌbes, ˈdætə- /

noun
Data stored in logical order to aid retrieval

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

tinder

US / ˈtɪndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɪndɚ /

noun
Material for starting a fire

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

contain

US / kənˈteɪn /

•

UK / kənˈten /

verb
To keep something from spreading
To hold something inside something else

geometry

US / dʒiˈɒmətri /

•

UK / dʒiˈɑ:mətri /

noun
Mathematical study of shapes, surfaces, and space
Mathematical shape of something

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

matching

US / ˈmætʃɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmætʃɪŋ /

verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

rsa

US / ˌɑːr es ˈeɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑːr es ˈeɪ /

abbreviation
Republic of South Africa.
Royal Scottish Academy; Royal Scottish Academician.

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

traffic

US / 'træfɪk /

•

UK / ˈtræfɪk /

noun
The cars or vehicles on the road
Amount of activity over a communication system

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

mode

US / məʊd /

•

UK / moʊd /

noun
Fashion and design
Status or way of functioning

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

constant

US / 'kɒnstənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstənt /

adjecitve
Happening frequently or without pause
noun
Thing that happens always or at a regular rate

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

decimal

US / 'desɪml /

•

UK / ˈdɛsəməl /

noun
Number using one equal tenth of a whole as a basis

probability

US / ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:bəˈbɪləti /

noun
What the chances are that something will happen

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

statement

US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˈstetmənt /

noun
Record of activity in a bank account over time
Act or process of saying something formally

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

diagram

US / 'daɪəɡræm /

•

UK / ˈdaɪəˌɡræm /

noun
A drawing intended to explain how something works
verb
To show or explain something by drawing a picture

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

express

US / ɪk'spres /

•

UK / ɪkˈsprɛs /

adjecitve
Sent by a fast mail service
Traveling at high speed
noun
Fast train or bus
verb
To send something by fast mail
To state or show what you think or how you feel

multiplication

US / ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmʌltəplɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Increase in the number of something
Process of multiplying one number by another

scalar

US / ˈskeɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈskelɚ, -ˌlɑr /

adjecitve
Variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

unique

US / jʊ'ni:k /

•

UK / juˈnik /

adjecitve
Unlike other things; being the only one like it

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

traverse

US / trəˈvɜ:s /

•

UK / trəˈvɜ:rs /

verb
To pass across, over, or through

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

column

US / ˈkɒləm /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:ləm /

noun
Regular series of articles in a newspaper/magazine
Strong vertical stone pillar that holds up a roof
Vertical line in a table or chart

computer

US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

noun
Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

limited

US / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

adjecitve
(Of a company) with a limit of financial liability
With restrictions; not broad in scope
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

prompt

US / prɒmpt /

•

UK / prɑmpt /

adjecitve
Fast; in a quick manner; without delay
noun
Message on a computer requiring attention
Encouragement to ask someone else to talk
verb
To display a message to requires a user to act
To say something to encourage someone else to talk
To remind an actor of his or her lines (words)
To cause something to occur; be the cause of

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

letter

US / 'letə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɛtɚ /

noun
One of the 26 parts of the English alphabet
Message you put in an envelope and send by post

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

neural

US / ˈnjuərəl /

•

UK / ˈnʊrəl, ˈnjʊr- /

adjecitve
About the nerves or nervous system

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

selection

US / sɪˈlekʃn /

•

UK / sɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone or something carefully
Something chosen carefully from a larger group
Range or variety of things you can choose from

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

array

US / əˈreɪ /

•

UK / ə'reɪ /

noun
A regular order or arrangement of things
verb
To arrange things in a regular order

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

aid

US / eɪd /

•

UK / ed /

noun
Action of giving help to others
Money or help given to those who need it
verb
To help others and provide things

algorithm

US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

noun
A step-by-step problem-solving feature

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

developer

US / dɪˈveləpə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈveləpər /

noun
Someone who develops real estate

finite

US / ˈfaɪnaɪt /

•

UK / ˈfaɪˌnaɪt /

adjecitve
Having limits; lasting for a limited time

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

logic

US / ˈlɒdʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:dʒɪk /

noun
Proper, valid sensible reasoning
Scientific study of reasoning

player

US / ˈpleɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpleɚ /

noun
Machine that plays recorded material
Person who plays a musical instrument
Person who plays games on devices
Person who plays sports

sufficiently

US / sə'fɪʃntlɪ /

•

UK / səˈfɪʃəntlɪ /

adverb
To a degree great enough to do something

text

US / tekst /

•

UK / tɛkst /

noun
Any form in which writing exists
Reading or audio passage, often a story or article
Written part of a book or other work
verb
To send a message by phone or other device

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

disjunction

US / dɪsˈdʒʌŋkʃn /

•

UK / dɪsˈdʒʌŋkʃən /

noun
Something that gives two different alternatives

math

US / mæθ /

•

UK / mæθ /

noun
Study or science of numbers and shapes

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

graph

US / græf /

•

UK / ɡræf /

noun
Image expressing numerical data in lines or shapes
verb
To show data using images

generate

US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

verb
To create or be produced or bring into existence
To create electricity, heat, energy and power

visually

US / 'vɪʒʊəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒʊəlɪ /

adverb
With respect to vision

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

Subtitles section

People often say you don't need to know any math to program a computer.

And that's truthy.

However, any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.

But magic isn't real.

Math explains it all.

Developers often avoid learning math because it looks scary, but it actually makes complicated magic like computer graphics and neural networks easier to understand.

And not just that, but it unlocks the secrets of the entire physical universe.

There's a few abstract math concepts for programmers that you just can't ignore, and understanding them will make you think more like a true engineer.

I'm no math genius, in fact I'm the opposite, which makes me uniquely qualified to teach ten essential math concepts using memes and other visual aids that almost anybody can understand.

The first person who survives until the end and cracks the code will win this one-of-a-kind Balenciaga fireship hoodie.

Let's jump right into topic number one, Boolean Algebra, which is used almost every time you write code.

A Boolean is a binary variable that can have two possible values, true or false.

Now there are three operators that you can use to work with them, AND, OR, and NOT.

Or conjunction, disjunction, and negation if you want to be fancy.

Imagine you're trying to get a girlfriend.

We can use the Boolean variables of rich and handsome to describe you.

If you're both rich and handsome, you'll definitely get a girlfriend.

But if you're not rich and not handsome, you'll have to pay for an OnlyFans girlfriend.

If you're rich or handsome, you can still get a girlfriend, but your selection is more limited.

We can represent this logic in code with things like if statements, but we can also do it visually with Venn diagrams like you've been doing since grade school.

And you can also create truth tables like this one here, which comes in handy in zombie apocalypse type situations.

But that brings us to concept two, numeral systems like base-2. Throughout history, humans have come up with all kinds of clever ways to count things, but almost all of them use base-10 like the ten fingers on your hands.

Like in the number 423, the 4 is in the hundreds place, which represents 4 times 100.

The 2 is in the tens place, or 2 times 10. Then the final number is multiplied by 1. But computers work off of a base-2 numeral system.

In base-2, things work the exact same way, but because we only have two symbols to work with, each place is multiplied by 2, like 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and so on.

Now that you understand that, you also understand how other bases work, like base-16 or hexadecimal, which uses the digits 0 through 9, along with A through F, and is commonly used to represent binary values in a more concise way,

Because each hexadecimal digit can translate into 4 bits.

And you also have base-64, which introduces even more letters and symbols to encode binary values, allowing developers to represent binary data, like an image, as a string of text.

While computers use base-2 under the hood, they still need to represent base-10 numbers for humans, and the most common way to do that is with floating point numbers.

Go ahead and execute 0.1 plus 0.2 in your favorite programming language.

The result should be 0.30000000004.

How could a computer make such a silly mistake?

Well, in science, numbers can get very big when talking about space, and very small when talking about things like atoms.

We don't write these numbers out completely, and instead use scientific notation, where an exponent raises it to an approximate value, making the number appear far more concise.

Computers use a similar approach with floating point numbers, because they only have a limited amount of space, either 32 bits for single precision, or 64 for double precision, which is the default in languages like Python and JavaScript.

It's called a floating point, because there's no fixed number of digits before or after the decimal point, allowing developers to make a tradeoff between range and precision.

Some numbers like 0.01 can't be represented perfectly as a binary floating point, which is the reason we get those tiny rounding errors.

Now that you know how numbers work, we can start talking about logarithmic functions, which you might remember from algebra class.

To understand them, think of an actual log.

The log starts at 16 feet, then we saw it in half over and over again until we reach a length of 2. Notice how when we try to draw a line through it, it's not perfectly straight, but rather it curves gradually.

In computer science, this is how many algorithms work, like binary search.

What's interesting though, is that if we know how many times we cut the log, we can raise 2 to the power of that value, in this case 4, to get the original length of the log.

That's called exponentiation, and logarithm is the exact opposite.

Imagine we don't know the exponent, we only know the original length, and want to figure out how many times we'd have to cut the log to get a length of 2. We could calculate that with a base 2 log on the original length,

Returning a value of 4. When it's base 2, it's called a binary logarithm.

However, in math, it's more common to use base 10, which is called the common logarithm.

That'll come in handy, but now let's shift gears to set theory.

A set is just an unordered collection of unique values.

The best example is a relational database, where each table is a set of unique rows.

These tables can be joined together in a variety of different ways based on set theory.

Like to select records that match on both tables, you do an inner join, which is called an intersection in set theory.

Or to grab all matching records from both tables, you do a full outer join, which is a union in set theory.

When doing left and right joins, these concepts are combined, like by combining an intersection with the difference between the two sets.

Now one thing that's important to notice at this point is that we're talking about structures that have a finite number of elements, which falls under the umbrella of discrete math, as opposed to continuous math,

Like geometry and calculus, that deal with real numbers and approximations.

And that brings us to our next discrete topic, combinatorics.

Simply put, this is all about counting things, especially when combining sets into combinations or permutations.

Like if you have an app like Tinder, you might need to count all the possible combinations of matches, as part of a more complex algorithm that figures out what to show the end user.

Or maybe you're building a globally distributed database, and need to figure out how many database partitions you'll need around the world.

Ultimately, it's all about understanding how patterns can emerge.

What you're looking at here is the formula for the Fibonacci sequence.

A great exercise is to write a function that generates it.

Congrats bro, you just did combinatorics, and unlocked the secrets of the universe.

Engineers at Google use the same kind of logic to render tiles on tools like Google Maps, and the gods use this pattern all over the place in nature.

Combinatorics is closely related to graph theory.

A graph has two basic parts, nodes or vertices, and edges that connect them together.

Like a person might be a node, and an edge might be a relationship that connects them together.

Like you love your mom, and your mom loves you back.

This is an undirected graph because the relationship goes both ways.

However, you might also love your OnlyFans girlfriend, but this would be a directed graph because that relationship only goes one way.

Edges can also be weighted, meaning one relationship is more important than the other.

If a node can traverse back to itself, it's called cyclic, otherwise it's known as acyclic.

As a programmer, you'll often need to build graphs from the ground up, but more importantly know how to traverse them, like when using Dijkstra's algorithm to find the most efficient way to navigate through traffic.

But before you start writing graph traversal algorithms, you should know a little bit about complexity theory, which can tell us in theory how much time and memory an algorithm should use.

We use big O notation to express complexity, and when talking about time, the input represents the number of steps it will take to complete a task.

Like if we read a single element from an array, that would give us O of 1, or constant time, which is extremely fast and simple.

If we need to loop over an array, that would give us O of n, where n is the length of the array.

But if for each iteration in that loop, we loop over the same array again, that would give us O of n squared, which would be far less efficient.

However, more sophisticated algorithms like binary search cut the search area in half after each iteration, providing us with logarithmic time.

Understanding how to measure complexity is essential for technical interviews, and is just a good thing to think about in general.

But now let's move away from discrete math and talk about statistics, which is crucial if you want to do anything with artificial intelligence, because machine learning is kind of just a fancy way of doing statistics.

Like when you type in a chat GPT, it generates a response based on the probability that it fits the prompt provided by the user.

At the very least, you should understand mean, median, and mode, and how standard deviation indicates how close values in a set are correlated to the mean.

There's a ton to learn beyond that, but what I found especially useful is the difference between linear regression and logistic regression.

In a linear regression, the goal is to predict a continuous value, like the amount of money you'll lose after buying a stock.

The relationship between the input and output variable is linear, and the idea is to find a line that best fits the data set.

However, logistic regression is used for an entirely different set of problems, like classification.

Maybe an app that predicts if an image is a hot dog or not a hot dog.

In this case, the relationship is not linear, but rather a sigmoid function, which might predict the probability that a Boolean variable is true or false.

And that brings us to our final and most difficult topic, linear algebra, which comes into play in things like computer graphics and deep neural networks.

To comprehend it, you'll need to understand three weird words.

Scalar is a single numeric value.

A vector is a list of numbers, like a one-dimensional array.

And finally, a matrix is like a grid or two-dimensional array that contains rows and columns of numeric values.

What's cool is that vectors can represent points and directions in a 3D space, while matrices can represent transformations that happen to these vectors.

When you move a player around in a video game, the lighting and shadows in the graphics change magically.

But it's not magic.

It's linear algebra that's being distributed on your GPU.

Imagine you have a 2D vector that's at point 2x, 3y.

It represents a single point in an image.

We can perform linear transformations here, like scaling, translation, rotation, shear, and so on.

Let's imagine we now want to scale the point to a value of 4x, 6y.

We can represent the scaling factors in a matrix, then represent the point as a column vector.

And now we can use matrix multiplication to scale the point to its target location.

Operations like this are also essential in things like cryptography, such as RSA encryption, and are also essential in deep neural networks, which use vectors to represent features, then use matrix multiplication to propagate values between nodes in the network.

The underlying math is surprisingly simple, but requires a massive amount of computing power to handle the staggering amount of data required.

As you can see now, math is actually not that complicated, and the more you study it, the more the computer will reveal its magic tricks.

Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.