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6 Mistakes Preppers Make When Buying A Gas Mask

Original YouTube Video | CityPrepping Published on 2023-07-14 Level：67 Speed：65 maxwordlevel：26

Video vocabulary

asbestos

US / æsˈbestəs /

•

UK / æsˈbɛstəs, æz- /

noun
Type of mineral with cancerous fibers

die

US / daɪ /

•

UK / daɪ /

noun
Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
verb
To cease to function or work
(Of a thing) to stop being used or done
(Of a person) to stop living

extend

US / ɪkˈstend /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnd /

verb
To offer something (help, friendship) to someone
To reach from one point to another
To straighten or stretch something out, e.g. leg
To make something last longer

fraction

US / ˈfrækʃn /

•

UK / ˈfrækʃən /

noun
Small part of something

chin

US / tʃɪn /

•

UK / tʃɪn /

noun
Part of your face below your mouth above your neck

manufacture

US / ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˌmænjəˈfæktʃɚ /

verb
To produce large numbers of products in a factory
To create a story or explanation that is not true

nuclear

US / ˈnju:kliə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving the center of an atom

rigorous

US / ˈrɪgərəs /

•

UK / ˈrɪɡərəs /

adjecitve
Very strict and often difficult; thorough
Being exact, precise, and carefully done

seal

US / si:l /

•

UK / sil /

noun
Large fish-eating animal that lives on sea or land
Official mark made in hot wax to close a document
Piece of rubber used to keep water, dirt out
verb
To close tightly to protect it from leaking
To close an envelop or package
To cover a surface with a substance to protect it

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

surplus

US / ˈsɜ:pləs /

•

UK / ˈsɚpləs, -ˌplʌs /

adjecitve
More than is needed or wanted
noun
Extra amount of something above what you need

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

deteriorate

US / dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɪriəˌret /

verb
To become worse in condition or value

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

intend

US / ɪnˈtend /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /

verb
To plan or want to do something

limited

US / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

adjecitve
(Of a company) with a limit of financial liability
With restrictions; not broad in scope
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

summarize

US / ˈsʌməraɪz /

•

UK / ˈsʌməˌraɪz /

verb
To state the main or most important ideas

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

designate

US / 'dezɪɡneɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛzɪɡˌnet /

verb
To officially choose for a position; appoint
To identify or mark something for a purpose

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

breathing

US / ˈbri:ðɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbriðɪŋ /

verb
To move air into and out of your lungs
To say something very softly
To stop moving so one can rest

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

inhale

US / ɪnˈheɪl /

•

UK / ɪnˈhel /

verb
To breathe in something like air or smoke
To eat or drink something extremely fast

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

purchase

US / ˈpɜːtʃəs /

•

UK / ˈpɜːrtʃəs /

noun
Something that you bought
Strong hold on something; grip
verb
To buy something; to get by paying money for it

training

US / ˈtreɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtrenɪŋ /

noun
Act of educating someone to get better at
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

anywhere

US / ˈeniweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈeniwer /

adverb
To any extent or degree (often used with not)
In, at or to any place
other
Use to indicate limits or variation

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

fume

US / fju:m /

•

UK / fjum /

other
Unpleasant smoke or gas, e.g. from cars
verb
To feel angry; show that one is angry
To produce unpleasant smoke or gas

mask

US / mɑ:sk /

•

UK / mæsk /

noun
Covering to hide or disguise the face
Way of pretending to behave that is not real
other
To hide something so that it cannot be seen
verb
To hide something so that it cannot be seen
To keep people from noticing (emotions/intentions)

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

organic

US / ɔ:ˈgænɪk /

•

UK / ɔrˈɡænɪk /

adjecitve
Developing naturally and without a set structure
Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
Concerning living things

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

protection

US / prəˈtekʃn /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkʃən /

noun
Being kept from harm
Something that defends against harm or danger

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

contagion

US / kən'teɪdʒən /

•

UK / kənˈtedʒən /

noun
Communication of an emotional state among people

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

occur

US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈkɚ /

verb
To come to pass or to happen

micron

US / 'maɪkrɒn /

•

UK / 'maɪkrɑ:n /

noun
One-millionth of a metre

myself

US / maɪˈself /

•

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same person who did the action mentioned
My regular, usual, or healthy self

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

manufacturing

US / ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ /

noun
The act of making things in factories
verb
To produce large numbers of products in a factory
To create a story or explanation that is not true

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

recover

US / rɪ'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / rɪ'kʌvər /

verb
To return to a prior normal condition
To get back something that was lost

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

compound

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

•

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

adjecitve
(Of a term) created by combining two or more words
noun
Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
Chemical made up of several others
Closed walled area, as in a prison
Something formed by combining elements/parts
Term created by using two or more words together
verb
To pay interest on a loan including the interest
To make something from various parts or components
To make a mistake or problem worse

finite

US / ˈfaɪnaɪt /

•

UK / ˈfaɪˌnaɪt /

adjecitve
Having limits; lasting for a limited time

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

undergo

US / ˌʌndəˈgəʊ /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈgoʊ /

verb
To experience or endure something (bad)

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

solid

US / 'sɒlɪd /

•

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

adjecitve
Being able to be trusted; reliable
Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
Being well made and expected to last long
Having no space or emptiness inside
Being made entirely of one material or substance
noun
Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

website

US / ˈwebsaɪt /

•

UK / 'websaɪt /

noun
Collection of webpages in one location

capable

US / 'keɪpəbl /

•

UK / ˈkepəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to do something very well; proficient

costume

US / 'kɒstju:m /

•

UK / ˈkɑsˌtum, -ˌtjum /

noun
Special clothes, e.g. clothes for acting in a film

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

individual

US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

•

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

adjecitve
Made for use by one single person
Having a distinct manner different from others
noun
Single person, looked at separately from others

industrial

US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

adjecitve
Concerning making things in factories

positive

US / ˈpɒzətɪv /

•

UK / ˈpɑzɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Showing agreement or support for something
Being sure about something; knowing the truth
Having the charge produced by electrons
Being good or useful
Showing that a chemical is present in a test

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

reliable

US / rɪˈlaɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being likely to be true; believable
Deserving of your trust; dependable

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

initially

US / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

adverb
At first; originally

lung

US / lʌŋ /

•

UK / lʌŋ /

noun
One of the two organs we use to breathe

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

popularity

US / ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti /

•

UK / ˌpɑ:pjuˈlærəti /

noun
State of being liked or supported by many people

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

substance

US / 'sʌbstəns /

•

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

noun
Essence of; most basic or central qualities
Particular type of material
Having material form; existing
Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

sunlight

US / ˈsʌnlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈsʌnˌlaɪt /

noun
Rays of light coming from the sun

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

gingerly

US / ˈdʒɪndʒəli /

•

UK / ˈdʒɪndʒəli /

adverb
Very carefully; with great care

tightly

US / ˈtaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that doesn't allow movement

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

leads

US / 'ledz /

•

UK / 'ledz /

other
Wires for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve crimes
Ropes used to tie some things to stop it escaping
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

usability

US / ˌju:zə'bɪlɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˌju:zə'bɪlətɪ /

noun
Degree to which something is easy to use

unopened

US / ʌnˈəʊpənd /

•

UK / ʌnˈoʊpənd /

adjecitve
Not yet opened; unsealed

smoke

US / sməʊk /

•

UK / smoʊk /

noun
Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
verb
To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
To add a taste to food by putting it near a fire
To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

miscellaneous

US / ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs /

•

UK / ˌmɪsəˈleniəs /

adjecitve
Including many things of different kinds; various

mouth

US / maʊθ /

•

UK / maʊθ /

noun
Hole in the face used for eating and talking
Opening of a container such as a bottle
Area where a river enters a large body of water
verb
To say words without speaking

properly

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

adverb
In an appropriate or correct manner

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

gear

US / ɡɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɡɪr /

noun
A speed selector connected to an engine
Special clothes you use for a purpose
Toothed wheel shifting power from engine to wheels
verb
To aim at or prepare yourself for something

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

urban

US / 'ɜ:bən /

•

UK / ˈɚbən /

adjecitve
Concerning a city; located in a city

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

willing

US / 'wɪlɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈwɪlɪŋ /

adjecitve
Act of making a choice
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

trust

US / trʌst /

•

UK / trʌst /

noun
Wealth or property held by one person for another
The belief that someone is honest
Care or responsibility of a person
verb
To expect confidently
To have confidence or faith
To be confident someone is honest and reliable
To believe someone to be honest and reliable

wear

US / weə(r) /

•

UK / wer /

noun
Clothing designed for a purpose e.g. skiing
Damage from continual use over a long period
verb
To have clothes, glasses, shoes etc. on your body
To display an expression or emotion on the face
To become weaker or damaged from continued use

shield

US / ʃi:ld /

•

UK / ʃild /

noun
A family's coat of arms or insignia
Device used to protect from a harmful force
Large piece of metal, etc. carried by police, etc.
Large piece of metal carried for protection
verb
To cover (e.g. your face) so as to hide from
To cover from a dangerous or harmful force

backpack

US / 'bækpæk /

•

UK / ˈbækˌpæk /

noun
Bag carried by a strap on your back or shoulder
verb
To travel very lightly carrying your things

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

inspection

US / ɪnˈspekʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈspɛkʃən /

noun
Official examination to make sure everything is ok

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

evaluation

US / ɪˌvæljʊ'eɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪˌvæljʊˈeʃən /

noun
Judgment about the value or condition of something

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

screw

US / skru: /

•

UK / skru /

noun
Long metal nail with a spiral thread
verb
To cheat someone, as out of money/property
To close something by turning it into place
To attach things together by twisting
To twist something out of shape, e.g. paper

store

US / stɔ:(r) /

•

UK / stɔr, stor /

noun
Place where things are kept for future use
Place where you can go to buy things
verb
To put things in a place for later use

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

hose

US / həʊz /

•

UK / hoʊz /

noun
Tube that carries a liquid
Socks, stockings, pantyhose etc.
verb
To wet or clean something with a hose

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

cloud

US / klaʊd /

•

UK / klaʊd /

noun
A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
verb
To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
(Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
(Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

reactive

US / riˈæktɪv /

•

UK / riˈæktɪv /

adjecitve
Easily reacting to; responsive

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

configure

US / kənˈfɪgə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈfɪgjər /

verb
To construct or arrange in a certain way

microorganism

US / ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm /

•

UK / ˌmaɪkroˈɔrɡəˌnɪzəm /

noun
Extremely small living thing that cannot be seen

rubber

US / 'rʌbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrʌbɚ /

noun
Material used to make tires, etc.

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

testing

US / ˈtestɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtestɪŋ /

verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

exhale

US / /

•

UK / /

verb
To breathe out the air or smoke in your lungs

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

facial

US / 'feɪʃl /

•

UK / ˈfeʃəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or on the face
noun
Treatment to improve condition of the skin of face

inspect

US / ɪnˈspekt /

•

UK / ɪnˈspɛkt /

verb
To look at or examine carefully

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

necessary

US / 'nesəsərɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

adjecitve
Needed or required; unavoidable

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

unsure

US / ˌʌnˈʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʌnˈʃʊr, -ˈʃə:r /

adjecitve
Lacking confidence or certainty
Lacking confidence in your own words or actions

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

assurance

US / əˈʃʊərəns /

•

UK / əˈʃʊrəns /

noun
Freedom from doubt

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

defect

US / ˈdi:fekt /

•

UK / ˈdiˌfɛkt, dɪˈfɛkt /

noun
Fault in someone or something
verb
To move to another country for political reasons

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

leaky

US / ˈli:ki /

•

UK / ˈliki /

adjecitve
Allowing fluid or air to enter or escape

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

structurally

US / 'strʌktʃərəlɪ /

•

UK / 'strʌktʃərəlɪ /

adverb
With respect to structure

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

breathe

US / bri:ð /

•

UK / brið /

verb
To move air into and out of your lungs
To say something very softly
To stop moving so one can rest

pandemic

US / pæn'demɪk /

•

UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
noun
a pandemic disease

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

attach

US / ə'tætʃ /

•

UK / əˈtætʃ /

verb
To be associated or connected with

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

civilian

US / sə'vɪlɪən /

•

UK / sɪˈvɪljən /

noun
Ordinary person who is not in the army

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

effectiveness

US / ɪˌfek'tɪvnɪs /

•

UK / əˈfɛktɪvnɪs /

noun
Degree of how well something works or is done

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

mold

US / məʊld /

•

UK / mold /

noun
Distinctive type of character or nature
Fungus growing on old food or in wet dark places
Container to shape material into a certain form
verb
To influence a person's character or behavior
To form something into a shape

panic

US / 'pænɪk /

•

UK / ˈpænɪk /

noun
Overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
verb
To feel sudden anxiety and fear and cannot think

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

arise

US / əˈraɪz /

•

UK / əˈraɪz /

verb
To stand up
To result or happen due to a particular event

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

gently

US / ˈdʒentli /

•

UK / ˈdʒentli /

adverb
In a mild, careful, and soft manner

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

prone

US / prəʊn /

•

UK / proʊn /

adjecitve
Lying flat with your head facing the ground
Likely to have, do or be (usually something bad)

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

tighten

US / ˈtaɪtn /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtn: /

verb
To make a rule, law or system tougher
To stretch, pull until movement becomes difficult
To turn lid, bolt etc., until it is firmly in place
To make face, body stiff due to anger or anxiety

visual

US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to vision
noun
Pictures/images used to help audience understand

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

zone

US / zəʊn /

•

UK / zoʊn /

noun
Area of space designated for a particular use
verb
To divide an area for a particular reason

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

particulate

US / pɑːˈtɪkjələt /

•

UK / pɑːrˈtɪkjələt /

verb
Microscopic particle

pathogen

US / ˈpæθədʒən /

•

UK / ˈpæθədʒən /

noun
Any disease-producing agent

responders

US / /

•

UK / /

other
Someone who responds to an emergency call

valve

US / vælv /

•

UK / vælv /

noun
A device along a pipe or tube to regulate flow

skin

US / skɪn /

•

UK / skɪn /

noun
Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
Outer layer of an animal or human
Outer part of an object, such as a plane
verb
To defeat someone easily and completely
To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
To remove the outer covering from an animal

amazon

US / 'æməzən /

•

UK / 'æməzən /

noun
A large strong and aggressive woman
other
Mainly green tropical American parrots

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

criterion

US / kraɪ'tɪərɪən /

•

UK / kraɪˈtɪriən /

noun
Standard used to make judgments or decisions

familiar

US / fəˈmɪliə(r) /

•

UK / fəˈmɪljɚ /

adjecitve
Well-known or easily recognized

hazard

US / 'hæzəd /

•

UK / ˈhæzəd /

noun
Something that is dangerous and causes problems
verb
To try, with the risk of being wrong or losing

maintain

US / meɪn'teɪn /

•

UK / menˈten /

verb
To keep saying something a certain way
To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
To keep, exist or continue without changing

reliability

US / rɪˌlaɪə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
A quality that makes something dependable

soldier

US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

noun
Person working in an army to fight

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

brand

US / brænd /

•

UK / brænd /

noun
A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
Product made or designed by a named company
verb
To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
To give a famous name to a product or service

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

efficiency

US / ɪˈfɪʃnsi /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənsi /

noun
Working well; producing something without waste

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

professional

US / prə'feʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈfɛʃənəl /

adjecitve
Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
Getting paid for playing a sport/doing an activity
noun
Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

possibility

US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Something with a chance of happening or being true

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

trigger

US / 'trɪɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɪɡɚ /

noun
Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
Device that starts a process
verb
To start a process off e.g. a memory

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

knife

US / naɪf /

•

UK / naɪf /

noun
Long piece of metal you use for cutting things
verb
To attack someone with a sharp long blade
To move through something easily and quickly

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

disaster

US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /

noun
State of extreme ruin and misfortune

breathable

US / ˈbri:ðəbl /

•

UK / ˈbriðəbəl /

adjecitve
That can be breathed

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

escape

US / ɪ'skeɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈskep /

noun
Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
The 'esc key' on a keyboard
Act of getting away from where you are being kept
verb
To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
To get away from a place where you are being kept
(Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

grip

US / ɡrɪp /

•

UK / ɡrɪp /

noun
Strong understanding of an idea
Control over something or someone
Part of an object to help you hold onto it
Act of holding something firmly
other
Control over something or someone
verb
To hold someone's interest
To hold something in your hand very firmly

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

temperature

US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

noun
When you your body heat is above normal
How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

biological

US / ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being related to life and living things

breath

US / breθ /

•

UK / brɛθ /

noun
Air you take in and out of your body

hair

US / heə(r) /

•

UK / her /

noun
Long thin strands growing on your head or body
Short distance; a very small amount

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

increasingly

US / ɪnˈkri:sɪŋli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli /

adverb
More and more; in greater degree or amount

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

significantly

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is important or noticeable
In a way that is meaningful

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

fourth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔ:rθ /

noun
4th

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

gasket

US / ˈgæskɪt /

•

UK / ˈɡæskɪt /

noun
Rubber seal between two parts joined together

nato

US / ˈneɪtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈneɪtoʊ /

abbreviation
NATO is an acronym

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

personnel

US / ˌpɜ:səˈnel /

•

UK / ˌpɜ:rsəˈnel /

noun
Group of people who work for a company or group

post

US / pəʊst /

•

UK / post /

noun
Message delivered or shared in an online group
Piece of wood, metal in the ground for support
Job or position within an organization or company
Place where a soldier, etc. is ordered to go
verb
To send a letter or package using stamps
To share a message on an internet discussion group
To send a soldier somewhere to do a job
To put a message in public for everyone to see

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

accordingly

US / əˈkɔ:dɪŋli /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rdɪŋli /

adverb
Taking the situation into account; appropriately

blanket

US / 'blæŋkɪt /

•

UK / ˈblæŋkɪt /

noun
Piece of cloth you covers yourself with in bed
verb
To cover something completely so it cannot be seen

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

correctly

US / kə'rektlɪ /

•

UK / kəˈrɛktlɪ /

adverb
In an accurate or correct manner

comfortable

US / ˈkʌmftəbl /

•

UK / ˈkʌmfətəbəl, ˈkʌmftəbəl /

adjecitve
Having more than enough e.g. money for your needs
Being relaxed, warm or happy

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

derailment

US / dɪˈreɪlmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈreɪlmənt /

noun
Accident in which a train runs off its track

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

irritate

US / 'ɪrɪteɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪrɪˌtet /

verb
To disturb, anger, or upset someone
To make part of the body feel soreness and pain

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

unfortunate

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənət /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔrtʃənɪt /

adjecitve
Having bad luck; bringing a bad result

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

decay

US / dɪˈkeɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈke /

noun
Slow loss of physical or mental health
verb
To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
To lose health or strength

dry

US / draɪ /

•

UK / draɪ /

adjecitve
(Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
Without water; not wet
(Of wine, etc.) not sweet
Without butter or jam
verb
To remove liquid or water from something

honestly

US / ˈɒnɪstli /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪstli /

adverb
With truth or sincerity; I'm being honest with you

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

nice

US / naɪs /

•

UK / naɪs /

adjecitve
Being attractive or of high quality or value
Good or enjoyable
Being kind or friendly

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

prep

US / prep /

•

UK / prɛp /

adjecitve
Preparation for an action or event
noun
Shortened form of 'preparation school'

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

ammo

US / 'æməʊ /

•

UK / ˈæmo /

noun
Shortened form of 'ammunition'

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

crucial

US / 'kru:ʃl /

•

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely important or necessary

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

questionable

US / ˈkwestʃənəbl /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃənəbəl /

adjecitve
Not likely to be right or true; doubtful

spot

US / spɒt /

•

UK / spɑt /

noun
A certain place or area
A difficult time; awkward situation
Place or ranking on a list
A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
verb
To see someone or something by chance

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

drill

US / drɪl /

•

UK / drɪl /

noun
A machine that makes holes with a metal bit
Exercise done to learn military skills
Disciplined practice, as of soldiers marching
verb
To make a deep hole to find oil, gas etc.
To put a hole in something by using a boring tool
To train in something through repetition

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

virus

US / 'vaɪrəs /

•

UK / ˈvaɪrəs /

noun
File secretly put on computers to cause harm
Living organism that causes disease or sickness

damage

US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

noun
Physical harm that is done to something
verb
To harm physically; to hurt or break something

certify

US / ˈsɜ:tɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rtɪfaɪ /

verb
To approve someone as authorized, valid
To confirm the truth or reality of something

device

US / dɪˈvaɪs /

•

UK / dɪˈvaɪs /

noun
Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
Method of doing something; a way

principle

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

noun
Moral rule or belief governing a person's behavior
Natural law that explains how things work

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

bet

US / bet /

•

UK / bet /

noun
Act of gambling money on the result of a race etc.
verb
To gamble money to win more money, e.g. on horses

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

guarantee

US / ˌɡærən'ti: /

•

UK / ˌɡærənˈti /

noun
A promise to repair a broken product
Promise that something will be done as expected
verb
To promise to repair a broken product
To promise that something will happen or be done
To promise to pay if another person fails to do so

nose

US / nəʊz /

•

UK / noʊz /

noun
Part of the face used for breathing and smelling
Front, pointed end of e.g. airplane or rocket
verb
To push with your face so you can smell something

minimal

US / ˈmɪnɪməl /

•

UK / ˈmɪnəməl /

adjecitve
The smallest possible; least

ohio

US / əuˈhaiəu /

•

UK / oˈhaɪo /

noun
A midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

section

US / 'sekʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛkʃən /

noun
A part of a whole
Specific area or region within a larger place
Specific group of people from a larger group
Part of a book, newspaper, etc.
verb
To divide something into smaller parts

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

anymore

US / 'enɪmɔ: /

•

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

adverb
No longer; no more

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

analysis

US / əˈnæləsɪs /

•

UK / əˈnælɪsɪs /

noun
Careful study to better understand something

bacteria

US / bæk'tɪərɪə /

•

UK / bækˈtɪriə /

noun
The very small creatures that can cause disease

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

warfare

US / ˈwɔ:fɛə /

•

UK / ˈwɔrˌfɛr /

noun
Methods used by those fighting in a war
Long, sometimes violent struggle between groups

additionally

US / ə'dɪʃənəlɪ /

•

UK / ə'dɪʃənəlɪ /

adverb
Also; as well

civil

US / ˈsɪvl /

•

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

adjecitve
Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

mercury

US / ˈmɜ:kjəri /

•

UK / ˈmɜ:rkjəri /

noun
Silver-white metal that is used in thermometers
Planet that is closest to the sun

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

primarily

US / praɪˈmerəli /

•

UK / praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr- /

adverb
In the most basic or important way

proper

US / 'prɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɑpɚ /

adjecitve
Correct according to social or moral rules

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

filtration

US / fɪlˈtreɪʃn /

•

UK / fɪlˈtreʃən /

noun
Process whereby fluids pass through a filter

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

equipment

US / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /

noun
Tools or materials used to perform a task

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

select

US / sɪ'lekt /

•

UK / sɪˈlɛkt /

verb
To choose a suitable thing from a group

thread

US / θred /

•

UK / θrɛd /

noun
Spiral cut at the end of a bolt
A long, very thin, material used to sew cloth
Idea/theme connecting different parts of a story
verb
To move yourself through a crowded or narrow space
To put wire, string, etc. through a hole or needle

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

claustrophobic

US / ˌklɔ:strəˈfəʊbɪk /

•

UK / ˌklɔ:strəˈfoʊbɪk /

adjecitve
Afraid of being trapped in a small place

compatibility

US / kəmˌpætə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
Ability to get on (or be used) well together

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

secure

US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

adjecitve
Being attached to something tightly and surely
(Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
verb
To get or achieve something with certainty
To firmly attach something to something else
To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

wildfire

US / ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldˌfaɪr /

noun
Raging and rapidly spreading large fire

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

weaken

US / 'wi:kən /

•

UK / ˈwikən /

verb
To make something or someone less powerful

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

operable

US / ˈɒpərəbl /

•

UK / ˈɑːpərəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of being treated by surgical operation

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

tears

US / tɪəs /

•

UK / tɪrs /

other
Drops of salty water from the eye
Holes or rips in something after it has been damaged
verb
To move very quickly, often with carelessness
To remove something forcibly or roughly
To damage by pulling, resulting in a rough edge

discuss

US / dɪˈskʌs /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌs /

verb
To talk about seriously or in great detail

filter

US / 'fɪltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪltɚ /

noun
Device to remove certain types of light, sound
Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
verb
To remove certain types of light, sound
To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas

flashlight

US / 'flæʃlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈflæʃˌlaɪt /

noun
Lights used in the dark, powered by batteries

hazardous

US / 'hæzədəs /

•

UK / ˈhæzədəs /

adjecitve
Involving danger, risk, and potential damages

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

monoxide

US / mɒ'nɒksaɪd /

•

UK / məˈnɑkˌsaɪd /

noun
Oxide with one atom of oxygen per molecule

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

opt

US / ɒpt /

•

UK / ɑ:pt /

verb
To choose one thing rather than other choices

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

necessity

US / nəˈsesəti /

•

UK / nəˈsɛsɪti /

noun
Something that you must have or do

newly

US / ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:- /

•

UK / ˈnuli, ˈnju- /

adverb
Very recently; just done or made

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

accept

US / ək'sept /

•

UK / ækˈsɛpt /

verb
To agree to receive or take something offered
To admit that something is true or correct

chemical

US / ˈkemɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Made of various elements
noun
Basic substance produced by mixing elements

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

instruction

US / ɪn'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
A command for someone formally to do something
Act of teaching or explaining to others
Information about how to do or use something

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

plant

US / plɑ:nt /

•

UK / plænt /

noun
Factory or a place where things are made
Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
verb
To firmly position something (in the ground)
To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

problematic

US / ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk /

•

UK / ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Being difficult to deal with or fix

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

choke

US / tʃəʊk /

•

UK / tʃoʊk /

verb
To cause someone not to breathe
To be unable to breath due to a blockage
To fail to perform well, due to stress

outline

US / ˈaʊtlaɪn /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌlaɪn /

noun
Line around the outer edge of something
A summary of the important points of a plan, etc.
verb
To draw around the outer edges of something
To summarize the important points of a plan, etc.

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

transport

US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

noun
Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
verb
To carry things from one place to another
To cause to feel you are in a previous time

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

efficient

US / ɪˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Able to produce results without waste

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

forest

US / 'fɒrɪst /

•

UK / ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr- /

noun
Large area with many trees

jacket

US / 'dʒækɪt /

•

UK / ˈdʒækɪt /

noun
Light, thin coat worn over a shirt or top
Outer covering that fits over and protects it

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

safely

US / ˈseɪfli /

•

UK / ˈseflɪ /

adverb
Out of danger

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

deadly

US / ˈdedli /

•

UK / ˈdɛdli /

adjecitve
Causing or capable of causing death
Being very accurate

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

lifespan

US / ˈlaɪfspæn /

•

UK / ˈlaɪfspæn /

noun
Length of time something is expected to last

preparedness

US / prɪˈpeərɪdnəs /

•

UK / prɪˈperdnəs /

noun
State of being ready or prepared for use or action

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

overwhelming

US / ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈhwɛlmɪŋ, -ˈwɛl- /

adjecitve
Having too much to handle (e.g. work)
verb
To defeat something or someone completely
To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
To cause to have too much to handle (e.g. work)

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

specific

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

•

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Precise; particular; just about that thing
Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

wish

US / wɪʃ /

•

UK / wɪʃ /

noun
Expression of a hope for something in the future
verb
To want something to happen or to become true

construct

US / kənˈstrʌkt /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkt /

noun
A thought, theory or hypothesis
verb
To build or create something
To create a sentence, story, argument or theory

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

alternative

US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

•

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

adjecitve
A different choice
noun
Something different you can choose

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

cheap

US / tʃi:p /

•

UK / tʃip /

adjecitve
Not costing a lot of money
Having a low quality or value
Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

integrity

US / ɪnˈtegrəti /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti /

noun
Quality of being honest, fair and honorable

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

sixth

US / sɪksθ /

•

UK / sɪksθ /

noun
6th

temporarily

US / tempəˈrerɪlɪ /

•

UK / tempəˈrerɪlɪ /

adverb
For a limited amount of time

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

discount

US / ˈdɪskaʊnt /

•

UK / ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt /

noun
A decrease in the price of something
verb
To consider to be not important or not true
To decrease the price of something
To refuse to accept an idea, suggestion as valid

extreme

US / ɪk'stri:m /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrim /

adjecitve
Very great in degree
Farthest from a center
Very severe; very strong
noun
Effort that is thought more than is necessary

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

carbon

US / 'kɑ:bən /

•

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

noun
Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

exhaustive

US / ɪgˈzɔ:stɪv /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɔstɪv /

adjecitve
Performed comprehensively and completely

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

importantly

US / ɪmˈpɔːtntli /

•

UK / ɪmˈpɔːrtntli /

adverb
In an important way;

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

knowledge

US / ˈnɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈnɑlɪdʒ /

noun
Information, understanding, or skill

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

accident

US / ˈæksɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈæksɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

noun
Sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury etc.

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

container

US / kənˈteɪnə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈtenɚ /

noun
An object that can be used to hold things

dust

US / dʌst /

•

UK / dʌst /

noun
Fine dry powder that builds up on surfaces
verb
To apply a fine powder to, e.g. sugar to a cake
To wipe something to remove dirt

liquid

US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

adjecitve
(Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
In a state of being uncertain
Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
noun
Something that is similar to the state of water

indispensable

US / ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being essential and hard to live without

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

radiological

US / ˌreɪdɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl /

•

UK / ˌreɪdiəˈlɑdʒɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning radiology

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

knowledgeable

US / ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl /

•

UK / ˈnɑlɪdʒəbəl /

adjecitve
Having knowledge through education and experience

radioactive

US / ˌreɪdɪəʊ'æktɪv /

•

UK / ˌredioˈæktɪv /

adjecitve
Emitting harmful energy from nuclear activity

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

storage

US / ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈstɔrɪdʒ, ˈstor- /

noun
Act of storing something; a depository for goods

widely

US / ˈwaɪdli /

•

UK / ˈwaɪdlɪ /

adverb
To a large degree; over a large range
By or among a large number of people

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

component

US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

•

UK / kəmˈponənt /

adjecitve
Being a part of something
noun
One of the parts that something is made up of

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

iodide

US / ˈaɪədaɪd /

•

UK / ˈaɪədaɪd /

noun
Salt or ester of hydriodic acid

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

toxic

US / ˈtɒksɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑksɪk /

adjecitve
Poisonous; harmful
(Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict

vapor

US / 'veɪpə /

•

UK / ˈvepɚ /

noun
Tiny droplets or pieces of some substance spread thinly throughout the air
Liquid that has been changed into a gas
Droplets of substance spread thinly through air

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

yearly

US / 'jɪəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈjɪrli /

adverb
Once a year; every 365 days

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

expiration

US / ˌekspəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛkspəˈreʃən /

noun
Coming to an end of a period, validity

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

minor

US / 'maɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Not so large in size; not important or valuable
An interval a half tone smaller than its major
noun
Subject studied in college, but not the main one
Someone too young to be legally responsible

particle

US / ˈpɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
Tiny piece or quantity of something

survival

US / səˈvaɪvl /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪvəl /

noun
Act of continuing to exist when facing difficulty

additional

US / əˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / ə'dɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Further or added

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

boiling

US / ˈbɔɪlɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɔɪlɪŋ /

adjecitve
Being boiled in water
verb
To become extremely angry or excited
To cook in very hot water
To make liquids hot so they turn to gas

certification

US / ˌsɜ:təfɪˈkeɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌsə:təfɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Official or legal permission to do something

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

utilize

US / ˈju:təlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈjutlˌaɪz /

verb
To use something for a particular purpose

unless

US / ənˈles /

•

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

conjunction
Negative of 'if'

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

consult

US / kənˈsʌlt /

•

UK / kənˈsʌlt /

verb
To ask the advice, opinion of a (paid) specialist
To discuss something to make a decision
To look at a book or map for information

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

item

US / ˈaɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈaɪtəm /

noun
Single, brief piece of news or reporting
Distinct, individual thing, often part of a group

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

Subtitles section

The average person can only survive for 3 minutes without air, so it's obviously the most critical part of surviving any major disaster where the air is less than breathable.

And knowing this, many people still fail to prepare for the smoke from wildfires or burning buildings, the chemicals from industrial accidents that can form deadly vapors in the air, or even the toxic dust clouds that can occur with so many disasters.

And when people take that step to ensure that they're safely breathing, they can still make mistakes when purchasing a mask.

In this video, we're going to address the six most common mistakes individuals make when it comes to selecting, purchasing, and using masks or respirators.

So let's start with the most common.

Number one, not buying a gas mask.

The first mistake hands down that most people make when considering purchasing a gas mask has to be not following through with their purchase.

It's an item that you hope you never need, but if a critical situation arises, it will make all the difference for survival.

Three or four years ago, I would have considered a gas mask a nice item to have, but maybe not something I would consider as critical.

However, with the events of the last few years, I would no longer consider one of these a nice-to-have item, but increasingly becoming a necessity.

If you were downwind of the Ohio train derailment in March of this year, you might have wished you had a mask on hand.

If you are one of the unfortunate millions who recently suffered under a blanket of toxic smoke from the Canadian wildfires, you know what I'm talking about.

While a simple N95 mask is only a start, it's not going to get you through most disasters because it only filters out particulate matter in the air, not gases, vapors, or other toxic elements of smoke.

If toxic dust or chemicals get on your skin, they may burn you.

If you breathe in those same chemicals in just a fraction of the same amount, your lungs could shut down or trigger your body into a choking and gagging response.

And if that doesn't kill you, it can cause damage that can take weeks or years to recover from, if you recover at all.

Now, if one of these conditions strikes that can damage your lungs while you're hunkering down or fleeing a disaster zone, your chances of survival drop significantly.

If you live near a manufacturer that stores massive amounts of chemicals, you might give strong consideration to one of these.

Additionally, a gas mask isn't always just to protect you from chemical warfare gases.

It can also protect you from viruses and other contagions.

It can provide you with breathable air to escape a house fire.

It's going to be vital to you if you face any chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear event, all of which are, and I hate to say this, increasingly becoming possibilities in this world that we live in.

When I first got serious about purchasing gas masks for myself and my family, I planned on just heading down to the Army-Navy surplus stores to save some money by buying an old surplus mask, which leads us to our second point.

The second mistake many people make is buying an old or surplus mask.

And let me add cheap mask into this category as well because the principles that I'm about to outline here apply to those as well.

You have to really be careful with these.

Honestly, unless you're highly knowledgeable about inspecting gas masks, I wouldn't suggest you purchase a used or old mask.

Why?

Well, leaky seals, gaskets, hoses, cracks, and decayed or structurally weakened rubber can render a mask useless.

And without the proper equipment to test and the knowledge to evaluate one of these devices, you're not going to know what to look for.

The mistake here is that you would be buying a mask that you know nothing about, unsure of exactly what to inspect, and then expecting it to work as it was intended to when it was created.

Over time, rubber seals and filtration mediums can deteriorate, and the mask might be completely useless.

Do you know how to spot these issues?

And more importantly, would you put your life on the line with this option?

Military-issue surplus masks are widely available and have gained popularity as costume items, but it's important to note that these masks do not provide reliable protection and are likely well beyond their operable range.

Often, they were mass-produced in millions with basic quality controls as they were meant to be temporarily issued or sometimes for single use, and they often have a limited lifespan where their use is guaranteed,

But they may be well past that date by the time you look to purchase that item.

In other words, the mask materials may have been selected for the design because they would remain effective for a finite duration.

And even more problematic is if the mask was used at all by their previous owners, not stored correctly or played with, they could have minor defects that will have deadly consequences when you try to use them in a disaster situation.

I would question the reliability of any mask that was used in military training.

I can't imagine that it was used gingerly.

If a gas mask was used as intended and the filter was utilized to combat radioactive substances, mercury, highly toxic substances, low-boiling organic substances, tear-producing and irritating substances,

Dangerous microorganisms, or carbon monoxide, it should never be used again.

And if you can't change the filter on the mask you are buying because they're no longer newly being manufactured, you're probably not going to want to use it and instead purchase something else.

All filters over time are going to lose effectiveness with age.

And there are some preps that I'm willing to buy used.

For example, something like jackets, maybe a backpack, knives, guns, flashlights, or other miscellaneous items.

But the two items that I would probably not buy used are water storage containers and gas masks for the reason that I just outlined.

The third mistake people make when they buy a gas mask is to purchase one that doesn't fit their needs and circumstances, primarily when it comes to filtration and filters.

Is your biggest concern a pandemic?

If so, something like this P100 filter can handle this issue accordingly.

Or are you looking to prepare for chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear, or CBRN, threats that require something more advanced?

Does your family live in an area prone to forest fires and an urban center that might be targeted for attack?

Does a nearby manufacturing plant use toxic chemicals in its manufacturing?

Do you live within 10 miles of the train track where toxic chemicals are transported?

Your biggest concern will determine the minimal filters that you should have on hand.

And like all things, the more capable you need the filter to be, the more money you're going to have to spend.

So you need to consider this up front.

Filters come in different types and each are designed for specific purposes.

Particulate filters are the simplest form and effectively remove solid and liquid particles such as dust, smoke, mold, bacteria, and viruses.

These filters will simply have a P and a number on them to designate the level of micron filtration achieved.

The higher the number, the more capable.

For example, this filter says P100 compared to this filter which says N95.

These can filter out dust and biological hazards down to the microscopic level.

However, they are not effective against gases and vapors like carbon monoxide or combustible fumes.

At the highest level of filtration are CBRN filters which stands for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear.

These offer unparalleled protection against a wide range of hazardous substances.

These filters shield against threats like organic compounds with low boiling points, mercury vapors, acid gases, and radioactive metal iodides.

Primarily used by professionals in extreme conditions such as civil defense personnel and first responders, CBRN filters are indispensable for defense against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards.

There are other types of filters built for specific filtration needs.

It can get a bit overwhelming when you start to consider all the different options, but I'll post a link below to a website that goes into a lot more detail that explains all the different considerations when it comes to filters.

Let me just summarize this section by saying this.

If you want something that's going to handle most threats that you might face, a CBRN filter is going to be your best bet.

If you live in an area where smoke is an issue, something like an N95 or a P100 is going to be your best bet.

Also, these are good for dealing with issues such as pathogens in the air.

Again, you don't have to go on the high end, but if you want to make sure that you have the widest range of protection, a solid gas mask with a solid filter is going to be your best bet.

Also, filters have a shelf life.

You're going to want to consult the expiration and manufacturing dates, which should be listed somewhere on the filter, and replace any old filters in your inventory.

You want to pay up and purchase new filters from reputable manufacturers.

Old filters have been constructed with a range of questionable materials.

Some even have asbestos.

Remember, this is your very breath.

It's crucial to your survival.

Your filter should be vacuum-wrapped.

If it isn't, reactive elements, even carbon, will have reduced or completely destroyed the usability and efficiency of the filter.

You're going to want to store your unopened filters with your mask, and you're going to want to know how to attach them.

Not to be too obvious here, but you should ensure that the filters that you purchase fit your mask.

Filter compatibility is critical.

You may find a great deal on an older mask that is out of production, but do they still make filters that fit it, or are the filters hard to find and expensive?

For most watching this video, your best bet is to go with a mask that is configured to accept a 40mm threaded filter, as these are the standard size used in NATO, and thus easy to find.

Number four, not fitting it.

The fourth mistake people make is never properly fitting the mask when they receive it.

A gas mask is only effective if it tightly seals around the front of your face.

Your nose, your mouth, your eyes, they've got to be sealed safely away.

And if you have facial hair like I do, you're going to have a problem getting a proper seal.

If your mask is for an adult, it's not going to fit a child.

And if your mask that you got for your child a couple of years ago, there's a good chance that it's not going to fit anymore.

Let's discuss properly securing this on your face.

Bring it up to your face, putting pressure on your chin with one hand, while using the other hand to secure the straps around your head.

Once you have all the straps tightened, check the seal by covering the filter and inhaling to ensure the mask collapses against your face and grips your face properly.

If you feel air rushing in anywhere on the side of your mask, that means you have to tighten a strap to secure the area where air is coming in.

To perform a positive pressure check on the gas mask, cover the exhale valves and create positive pressure by gently exhaling.

Again, tighten any straps necessary to ensure you're not getting any air flowing out of the side of the mask.

I would encourage you to conduct any additional fit tests recommended by the manufacturer.

You're going to need to inspect and maintain this gas mask on a regular basis, replacing components and different filters according to the manufacturer's instructions.

5. Buying a Non-Certified Mask Another mistake is to rely on the certification of a mask that is a decade or more old.

Purchasing a certified gas mask is crucial for several reasons.

Certified gas masks guarantee performance and effectiveness.

These masks undergo rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure they meet specific standards, providing the intended level of protection against various hazardous materials.

By opting for newer, certified masks, you can have confidence in its performance and trust that it's going to deliver the necessary protection when it matters the most.

These masks are designed, tested, and produced to meet specific performance criteria, providing a higher assurance level than non-certified alternatives.

Again, this is why I don't recommend you pick up the cheap Chinese-made ones on Amazon.

They're just not going to have the same level of certifications of the ones that have gone through these exhaustive testing.

An older mask may have been certified decades ago, though the standards may have changed and the mask may have deteriorated since it was initially tested and certified.

This is why I don't buy the discount mask from Amazon.

As I mentioned earlier, there are a few things I'll cheap out on when it comes to preparedness gear, but this is not one of them.

6. Never Practicing The sixth and final mistake people make with their gas masks is never practice putting them on in the first place.

Just as you might have a fire drill, every family member should know where their mask is, how to place a filter on it, and how to fit it, as I just mentioned a second ago.

Many soldiers and civilians during World War I and II died from chemical or biological attacks simply because they couldn't access their mask in time or they didn't fit it properly.

Gas masks can feel claustrophobic, and they don't make you feel like you're breathing entirely freely.

You're not going to want to have to deal with the panic of that experience on top of the panic of whatever disaster that you're trying to make it through.

There are many reasons to practice putting it on and wearing it for a bit.

You're not going to have to go as far as taking the seal off this to screw it into the mask to properly ensure that you understand how to thread this in.

They're pretty big threads, so it's not that difficult.

You're going to have to trust that the filter that you do have that's manufactured to do what it says it will do is going to do it when the time comes, which is, again, why I recommend you buy a certified filter from a reputable brand.

Don't cheap out on the brand.

You're going to have to take the time to ensure the mask fits properly.

Practicing with the mask at least once yearly will guarantee that when you absolutely need it, you're at least familiar with it, efficient with fitting it, and comfortable and confident wearing it, and that you can affix it to your face quickly.

It will let you see any flaws that you may have developed, like cracks in the rubber seal or the straps that fasten it to your head.

You're going to want to conduct visual inspections of the mask for any signs of damage, such as cracks, tears, or worn-out straps.

You're going to want to store the mask as you would your ammo.

You're going to want to store gas mask in a clean, cool, and dry place away from direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, and chemicals that could deteriorate the mask material.

Proper storage really helps maintain the mask integrity and extends its lifespan.

The very best gas mask and filter is, of course, the one that you never need to use.

You should take a look at the real threats that we've talked about on this channel that you're likely going to face this coming year and next, like the wildfires and the possible next pandemic, and decide if this is a time to consider adding a mask to your inventory.

I've done other videos in the past on gas masks, and I'll put links to those below along with other materials that will give you more in-depth analysis of things that you need to consider, such as filters when you go to make purchases.

I'll put links to some of the products that we covered in this video along with other products on the market that you may want to consider.

As always, stay safe out there.