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A Man Ate 8 Pound Burger In 30 Minutes. This Is What Happened To His Organs. ft @GugaFoods

Original YouTube Video | chubbyemu Published on 2023-08-27 Level：88 Speed：64 maxwordlevel：21

Video vocabulary

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

duodenal

US / ˌdjuːəˈdiːnl /

•

UK / ˌduːəˈdiːnl /

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

peritoneum

US / ˌperɪtəˈniəm /

•

UK / ˌperɪtəˈniəm /

noun
Transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera

ripple

US / 'rɪpl /

•

UK / ˈrɪpəl /

noun
Small gentle low wave on the surface of water, etc.
Sound/noise/laughter that changes in volume
Feeling or emotion that spreads through a person
verb
To travel or move as small, gentle waves
To be spread through a person or group

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

abdominal

US / æbˈdɒmɪnl /

•

UK / æbˈdɑ:mɪnl /

adjecitve
Concerned with the stomach area of a body

damage

US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

noun
Physical harm that is done to something
verb
To harm physically; to hurt or break something

gut

US / ɡʌt /

•

UK / ɡʌt /

noun
Stomach and internal organs of digestion
Guts courage; emotional strength
verb
To destroy the inside of a building , e.g. by fire
To remove the internal parts of an animal or fish

feedback

US / ˈfi:dbæk /

•

UK / ˈfidˌbæk /

noun
A response or opinion, about a service, etc.

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

ooze

US / u:z /

•

UK / uz /

verb
To flow through small openings

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

approve

US / əˈpru:v /

•

UK / əˈpruv /

verb
To formally accept something or grant permission
To have a positive opinion of someone or something

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pancreatitis

US / ˌpænkrɪəˈtaɪtɪs /

•

UK / ˌpænkrɪəˈtaɪtɪs /

noun
Inflammation of the pancreas; usually marked by abdominal pain

prep

US / prep /

•

UK / prɛp /

adjecitve
Preparation for an action or event
noun
Shortened form of 'preparation school'

shutdown

US / ˈʃʌtdaʊn /

•

UK / ˈʃʌtˌdaʊn /

noun
Termination of operations

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

acquire

US / ə'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈkwaɪr /

verb
To get or earn something by thinking or working

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

hospital

US / ˈhɒspɪtl /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:spɪtl /

noun
Building for sick people, with doctors and nurses

naturally

US / ˈnætʃrəli /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəli, ˈnætʃrə- /

adverb
In the expected or usual way
Without the aid of someone or something

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

clearly

US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

elite

US / iˈliːt /

•

UK / iˈliːt /

adjecitve
Belonging to the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
noun
The richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society

discharge

US / dɪsˈtʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / dɪsˈtʃɑ:rdʒ /

noun
A substance that has been released
The retirement of someone from service e.g. army
Act of firing a weapon
Substance that is released
verb
To complete a task that has been assigned
To produce or release a substance
To deliver an electric charge
To let someone leave the army or other service
To fire or shoot (a gun)
To release a person or thing from jail, hospital

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

perforate

US / ˈpɜ:fəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɜ:rfəreɪt /

verb
To make a hole through something

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

undigested

US / 'ʌndɪ'dʒestɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌndə'dʒestɪd /

adjecitve
Not digested

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

nose

US / nəʊz /

•

UK / noʊz /

noun
Part of the face used for breathing and smelling
Front, pointed end of e.g. airplane or rocket
verb
To push with your face so you can smell something

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

close

US / kləʊz /

•

UK / kloʊz /

adjecitve
Almost; near
(Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
Being near or related
Similar; nearly the same
verb
To come progressively nearer to something
To end; to bring to an end
To make something shut; stop from being open

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

fat

US / fæt /

•

UK / fæt /

adjecitve
Having too much weight for the body size
Bringing or having a large amount of money
noun
Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
Oily part of meat

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

room

US / ru:m /

•

UK / rum, rʊm /

noun
All of the people inside a particular room
Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
verb
To share a home with someone

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

puffy

US / ˈpʌfi /

•

UK / ˈpʌfi /

adjecitve
(Of hair/skin) seeming to be inflated/puffed up

absorb

US / əb'sɔ:b /

•

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

verb
To take up all attention / energy of something
To take in a liquid; soak up

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

isolate

US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

verb
To identify, consider, or deal with separately
To keep in a place or situation apart from others
To separate something from another substance

medicine

US / ˈmedsn /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

noun
Something used in treating illness or pain
Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

severe

US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

•

UK / səˈvɪr /

adjecitve
Very bad; harsh
Being very serious or extremely bad
(Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

backup

US / ˈbækʌp /

•

UK / ˈbækˌʌp /

noun
Making additional copies of your computer data

clue

US / klu: /

•

UK / klu /

noun
Information that helps explain something; hint

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

gastro

US / ˈgæstroʊ /

•

UK / /

noun

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

junction

US / ˈdʒʌŋkʃn /

•

UK / ˈdʒʌŋkʃən /

noun
Place where streets, highways, or roads meet

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

unquestionably

US / ʌn'kwestʃənəblɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈkwɛstʃənəblɪ /

adjecitve
With certainty

burp

US / bɜ:p /

•

UK / bɜ:rp /

verb
To expel gas from the stomach noisily

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

medical

US / ˈmedɪkl /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪkəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to physical health or medicine
noun
A health check or test

white

US / waɪt /

•

UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /

adjecitve
Belonging to a race of people with light skin
Of the color of fresh snow and milk
noun
Person's name
Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

immediately

US / ɪˈmi:diətli /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪtli /

adverb
Without any delay; straight away

folk

US / fəʊk /

•

UK / fok /

adjecitve
(Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
noun
Ordinary common people

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

delicately

US / 'delɪkətlɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɛləkətlɪ /

adverb
In a careful way; finely

compress

US / kəmˈpres /

•

UK / kəmˈprɛs /

verb
To press tightly together
To make smaller; reduce in time, size etc.

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

enjoyer

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A person who delights in having or using or experiencing something

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

satisfied

US / ˈsætɪsfaɪd /

•

UK / ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd /

adjecitve
Happy because you got what you wanted; content
verb
To make someone happy because they got their wish
To do what is required in order to finish

scan

US / skæn /

•

UK / skæn /

noun
A look inside the body with a special machine
verb
To look inside of the body with a special machine
To look at something very quickly for information
To look at all parts to find something
To make a digital copy of an image or a paper

stuck

US / stʌk /

•

UK / stʌk /

adjecitve
Not able to move
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

swollen

US / ˈswəʊlən /

•

UK / ˈswolən /

adjecitve
Increased in size due to injury
verb
To increase in size or number larger than normal
To become larger than normal, often due to injury

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

winner

US / 'wɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪnɚ /

noun
Person or thing that wins a contest or race
A hit; something successful

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

fresh

US / freʃ /

•

UK / frɛʃ /

adjecitve
Clean; not used or dirty
Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
Newly made or gathered
(Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

ourselves

US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

•

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

pronoun
(Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

radiate

US / ˈreɪdieɪt /

•

UK / ˈrediˌet /

verb
To show a lot of feeling clearly
To spread out from a center
To emit something like a wave

surgically

US / 'sɜ:dʒɪklɪ /

•

UK / 'sɜ:dʒɪklɪ /

adverb
By means of surgery; as regards an operation

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

bowel

US / ˈbaʊəl /

•

UK / ˈbaʊəl, baʊl /

noun
End part of the intestine, connected to the anus

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

doorstep

US / ˈdɔ:step /

•

UK / ˈdɔ:rstep /

noun
Wood or stone that forms the bottom of a doorway

cramp

US / kræmp /

•

UK / kræmp /

noun
Sharp, unexpected pain when a muscle becomes tight
verb
To get a sudden sharp pain when muscle tightens
To stop something from developing freely

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

secrete

US / sɪ'kri:t /

•

UK / sɪˈkrit /

verb
To hide something so it will not be seen or found
To produce a liquid from a bodily organ

untrained

US / ˌʌnˈtreɪnd /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈtreɪnd /

adjecitve
Not educated in a particular subject
Not disciplined or conditioned by practice

bag

US / bæɡ /

•

UK / bæɡ /

noun
Soft container to put things in and carry with you
verb
To catch an animal while hunting
To put an item or items into a bag

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

contain

US / kənˈteɪn /

•

UK / kənˈten /

verb
To keep something from spreading
To hold something inside something else

diabete

US / /

•

UK / /

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

quantity

US / ˈkwɒntəti /

•

UK / ˈkwɑntɪti /

noun
A large amount of something
Amount or number of something

chew

US / tʃu: /

•

UK / tʃu: /

noun
Act of biting something many times
verb
To bite something many times without swallowing it

delay

US / dɪˈleɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈle /

noun
Action of being late or happening later
verb
To wait some amount of time before doing something
To do something later than is planned or expected
To stop something from happening for a time

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

beautiful

US / 'bju:tɪfl /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

adjecitve
Having dome something well
Being very attractive or appealing physically

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

nurse

US / nɜ:s /

•

UK / nɜ:rs /

noun
Person trained to care for sick or injured people
verb
To care for and look after someone who is sick
To keep holding a bad feeling about someone
To drink/allow (baby) to drink milk from breast

zit

US / zɪt /

•

UK / zɪt /

noun
Pimple; a yellow-headed spot on your face

weird

US / wɪəd /

•

UK / wɪrd /

adjecitve
Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

description

US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Explanation of what something is like, looks like

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

inflame

US / ɪnˈfleɪm /

•

UK / ɪnˈflem /

verb
To cause to get angry or excited
To set on fire
To make your skin become red and painful

meal

US / mi:l /

•

UK / mil /

noun
Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
Grain that has been ground into a powder

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

feeling

US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

noun
Sensation or emotion you experience
verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

pack

US / pæk /

•

UK / pæk /

noun
Bag carried on the back of donkey, etc.
Group of people, animals, or objects
verb
To put things in a suitcase to go on a trip
To crowd a place with a large amount of things
To put something into a container to store it

portray

US / pɔ:ˈtreɪ /

•

UK / pɔ:rˈtreɪ /

verb
To play a character in theater or on film
To represent something for artistic purposes

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

box

US / bɒks /

•

UK / bɑ:ks /

noun
A marked area of a baseball field
A container with four straight sides and a lid
Area of seating in a theater separated from others
A 4 sided container or shape printed on a page
Entire amount of something inside a container
verb
To strike someone on the side of the head
To pack an object in a six-sided container
To fight with gloved hands as a sport

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

neck

US / nek /

•

UK / nɛk /

noun
Part of the body joining the head and the body
Opening of a piece of clothing for your head
verb
(Lovers) to play affectionately; kissing

membrane

US / 'membreɪn /

•

UK / ˈmɛmˌbren /

noun
Outside covering of a cell
A thin covering of tissue or of a cell

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

stomach

US / 'stʌmək /

•

UK / ˈstʌmək /

noun
Place in the body where food is processed
verb
to be able to accept something unpleasant

unsure

US / ˌʌnˈʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʌnˈʃʊr, -ˈʃə:r /

adjecitve
Lacking confidence or certainty
Lacking confidence in your own words or actions

armrest

US / ˈɑ:mrest /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rmrest /

noun
Support for the arm

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

calm

US / kɑ:m /

•

UK / kɑm /

adjecitve
Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
Relaxed and not worried or angry
verb
To make or become relaxed and not worried or angry

span

US / spæn /

•

UK / spæn /

noun
Distance between two supports of a bridge
Period of time that something continues for
other
Periods of time that something continues for
verb
To go across a certain distance between things
To cover or extend over a time period

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

compete

US / kəmˈpi:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpit /

verb
To try to beat others at something, e.g. a race

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

nerve

US / nə:v /

•

UK / nɚv /

noun
Fibers in the body that enable feeling, movement
Courage to do something that is difficult or risky

organ

US / 'ɔ:ɡən /

•

UK / ˈɔrɡən /

noun
Part of a person's body with a particular function
Large institution or body
Large wind instrument similar to a piano

protein

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

•

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

noun
Group of molecules made from amino acids

panic

US / 'pænɪk /

•

UK / ˈpænɪk /

noun
Overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
verb
To feel sudden anxiety and fear and cannot think

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

recovery

US / rɪˈkʌvəri /

•

UK / rɪˈkʌvəri /

noun
Process of returning to a former (good) state
Act of getting back something that was lost

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

macronutrient

US / ˌmæk.rəʊˈnjuː.tri.ənt /

•

UK / ˌmæk.roʊˈnuː.tri.ənt /

noun
A type of food (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in large amounts in the diet

bloated

US / ˈbləʊtɪd /

•

UK / ˈbloʊtɪd /

adjecitve
Swelled up or inflated with gas or liquid
verb
To cause to swell up or inflate with gas or liquid

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

finish

US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

noun
End of something; completion
Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
verb
To use or consume all of something
To reach the end; to complete something
To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

gastroduodenal

US / /

•

UK / /

other
Of or relating to the stomach and the duodenum

generally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

patron

US / 'peɪtrən /

•

UK / ˈpetrən /

noun
Person buying products or services of a business
Someone who donates to an organization or activity

subscriber

US / səbˈskraɪbə(r) /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪbər /

noun
Person who pays a (monthly) fee to get a service

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

contest

US / 'kɒntest /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛst /

noun
Struggle or competition between rivals
verb
To struggle or compete against other people
To not accept an official or legal judgment

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

lined

US / laɪnd /

•

UK / laɪnd /

adjecitve
(Used especially of skin) with lines or wrinkles
Having material put in the inside of
verb
To put material along the inside of something

perforation

US / ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɜ:rfəˈreɪʃn /

noun
Hole made or passing through a thing

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

veggie

US / ˈvedʒi /

•

UK / ˈvɛdʒi /

adjecitve
Shortened form of vegetable

bacteria

US / bæk'tɪərɪə /

•

UK / bækˈtɪriə /

noun
The very small creatures that can cause disease

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

lean

US / li:n /

•

UK / lin /

adjecitve
Having a low fat content
Efficient; well-designed with no waste
Thin; slim; skinny; with little fat on your body
verb
To balance against or on something for support
To have a tendency to do something; favor

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

beef

US / bi:f /

•

UK / bif /

noun
Red meat from cows

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

expand

US / ɪk'spænd /

•

UK / ɪkˈspænd /

verb
To make something larger in size, number, amount

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

grocery

US / 'ɡrəʊsərɪ /

•

UK / 'ɡroʊsərɪ /

noun
Daily foods such as flour, sugar, and tinned foods

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

proper

US / 'prɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɑpɚ /

adjecitve
Correct according to social or moral rules

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

oxygen

US / 'ɒksɪdʒən /

•

UK / ˈɑksɪdʒən /

noun
A gas in the air that we need to breathe

suddenly

US / ˈsʌdənli /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected or very quick manner

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

anymore

US / 'enɪmɔ: /

•

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

adverb
No longer; no more

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

dietician

US / ˌdaɪɪ'tɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃən /

noun
Professional qualified to give advice about food

keto

US / ˈkiːtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈkiːtoʊ /

juice

US / dʒu:s /

•

UK / dʒus /

noun
Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

suppose

US / sə'pəʊz /

•

UK / səˈpoʊz /

conjunction
What if
verb
To imagine or guess what might happen

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

vegan

US / ˈvi:gən /

•

UK / ˈviɡən, ˈvɛdʒən /

noun
Vegetarian who eats no animal or dairy products

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

glycemic

US / ɡlɪ'semɪk /

•

UK / ɡlɪ'semɪk /

adjecitve

grab

US / ɡræb /

•

UK / ɡræb /

verb
To take and hold something quickly

restaurant

US / 'restrɒnt /

•

UK / ˈrɛstərənt, -təˌrɑnt /

noun
Place where you can order, buy and eat a meal

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

hamburger

US / 'hæmbɜ:ɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhæmˌbɚɡɚ /

noun
Bread roll with patty of minced beef inside

infect

US / ɪn'fekt /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɛkt /

verb
To introduce a computer virus to
To give a disease, bacteria or virus to
To make people feel the same emotion you are

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

tears

US / tɪəs /

•

UK / tɪrs /

other
Drops of salty water from the eye
Holes or rips in something after it has been damaged
verb
To move very quickly, often with carelessness
To remove something forcibly or roughly
To damage by pulling, resulting in a rough edge

whenever

US / wenˈevə(r) /

•

UK / hwɛnˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any or every time that

cell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

noun
Smallest unit of living things in biology
Group of people - often from a secret organization
Prisoner's room in a jail
Shortened form of 'cellphone'

chest

US / tʃest /

•

UK / tʃɛst /

noun
Strong, lidded container for storing things
Front of the body between neck and stomach

decrease

US / dɪˈkri:s /

•

UK / dɪˈkris /

noun
Amount by which something has been reduced
verb
To reduce the size, amount or number of something

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

flexible

US / ˈfleksəbl /

•

UK / ˈflɛksəbəl /

adjecitve
Bending easily
Able to adjust to new events, requirements easily

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

portion

US / 'pɔ:ʃn /

•

UK / ˈpɔrʃən, ˈpor- /

noun
Serving of food that is intended for one person
Part of something shared that belongs to a whole
verb
To separate something to divide among people

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

fatal

US / ˈfeɪtl /

•

UK / ˈfetl /

adjecitve
Causing death; having very bad consequences
Causing negative results

resistance

US / rɪ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪstəns /

noun
Force that stops or slows movement of something
Refusal to accept something new or different

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

select

US / sɪ'lekt /

•

UK / sɪˈlɛkt /

verb
To choose a suitable thing from a group

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

cheese

US / tʃi:z /

•

UK / tʃiz /

noun
Yellowish solid food made from aged milk

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

wall

US / wɔ:l /

•

UK / wɔl /

noun
High, flat side of a room or building

click

US / klɪk /

•

UK / klɪk /

noun
The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
A short, slight, and sharp sound
verb
To work well with someone or something
To press a computer mouse
To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

originally

US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

adverb
At first; in the beginning
In a new and unique manner

patient

US / 'peɪʃnt /

•

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

adjecitve
Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
noun
Person who receives medical treatment or care

adapt

US / ə'dæpt /

•

UK / əˈdæpt /

verb
To change something for a different function
To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

chicken

US / ˈtʃɪkɪn /

•

UK / ˈtʃɪkən /

adjecitve
Acting like a coward
noun
A bird raised for its eggs and meat
Someone who is too afraid to do something

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

starve

US / stɑ:v /

•

UK / stɑ:rv /

verb
To (cause to) be hungry or go without food
To need or desire very strongly
Not to give someone what they need, e.g. attention
To (cause to) die from lack of food

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

tremendous

US / trəˈmendəs /

•

UK / trɪˈmɛndəs /

adjecitve
Very good or very impressive

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

wash

US / wɒʃ /

•

UK / wɑ:ʃ /

noun
Clothes or other items that need cleaning
Movement of water with or against something else
verb
To clean someone or something with soap and water
To move somewhere by flowing

anticipate

US / æn'tɪsɪpeɪt /

•

UK / ænˈtɪsəˌpet /

verb
To expect or look ahead to something positively
To be aware of something that might happen

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

frozen

US / 'frəʊzn /

•

UK / ˈfroʊzn /

adjecitve
Hard, solid because it is below zero degrees
verb
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

hungry

US / ˈhʌŋgri /

•

UK / ˈhʌŋɡri /

adjecitve
Feeling a need or want to eat food
Being eager to get or do something

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

physical

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the body of a person
Concerning things that can be seen or touched
noun
Health check at the doctors' or hospital

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

chemically

US / 'kemɪklɪ /

•

UK / 'kemɪklɪ /

adverb
By means of a chemical process

gastrointestinal

US / ˌgæstrəʊɪnˈtestɪnl /

•

UK / ˌgæstroʊɪnˈtestɪnl /

adjecitve
Concerning, affecting, or including both stomach and intestines

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

spectacle

US / ˈspektəkl /

•

UK / ˈspɛktəkəl /

noun
Impressive performance, public event or show
Large public event, performance, or show
Public show of your bad or shameful actions

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

phenomenon

US / fə'nɒmɪnən /

•

UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /

noun
Unusual event, fact that can be studied
Interesting or unusual person, group
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

tack

US / tæk /

•

UK / tæk /

noun
Small, sharp nail, usually with a wide, flat head
verb
To change direction in a sailing boat

pump

US / pʌmp /

•

UK / pʌmp /

noun
A device more moving liquids
Light woman's shoe
verb
To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
To make water/other liquid move using a machine
To move in or out, or up and down quickly
asking for information in an indirect way

burger

US / ˈbɜ:gə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɜ:rgə(r) /

noun
Bread roll with patty of minced beef inside

flavour

US / ˈfleɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflevɚ /

noun
Taste of something, especially in food or drink
verb
To add extra taste to a food

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

grill

US / ɡrɪl /

•

UK / ɡrɪl /

noun
Plate of food that has been grilled
Metal bars on which food is cooked over fire
Restaurant where meat, esp. steaks, are served
verb
To cook directly over fire on a flat metal bars
To ask many (difficult) questions for a long time

leak

US / li:k /

•

UK / lik /

noun
Act of (gas, liquid) escaping through a small hole
Information released that wasn't supposed to be
verb
(Of a tire) to have air, liquid escaping; (Of air)
To make secret information public
(Liquid) to go out of/get in through crack/opening

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

rock

US / rɒk /

•

UK / rɑk /

noun
Type of popular music with a strong, loud beat
Strong, tough person who can be relied upon
Big stone; hard, solid substance forming mountains
verb
To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
To be extremely effective or pleasing
To play, sing along with, or dance to heavy music
To move back and forth or from side to side

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

cavity

US / ˈkævəti /

•

UK / ˈkævɪti /

noun
Hole or empty space, especially in a tooth
Hole in a tooth

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

contraction

US / kənˈtrækʃn /

•

UK / kənˈtrækʃən /

noun
Process of becoming smaller in length/size
Involuntary, often painful tightening of a muscle
Shortened form of words by omitting letters

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

tightly

US / ˈtaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that doesn't allow movement

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

indicate

US / ˈɪndɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪˌket /

verb
To show something; direct attention to; point out
To represent something using a symbol or sign

induce

US / ɪn'dju:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To make someone do something; create an outcome
To make a woman give birth by giving her medicine

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

distension

US / dɪ'stenʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈstɛnʃən /

noun
The act of swelling or growing in size

digest

US / daɪˈdʒest /

•

UK / daɪˈdʒest /

noun
A summary, as of the news
verb
To convert food into energy in your stomach
To think over facts, news etc.; take in information

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

mouth

US / maʊθ /

•

UK / maʊθ /

noun
Hole in the face used for eating and talking
Opening of a container such as a bottle
Area where a river enters a large body of water
verb
To say words without speaking

bite

US / baɪt /

•

UK / baɪt /

noun
Amount of food taken into your mouth at one time
Wound left from being bitten
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught
To close your teeth onto something, usually to eat

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

dining

US / 'daɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / 'daɪnɪŋ /

verb
To eat

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

juicy

US / 'dʒu:sɪ /

•

UK / ˈdʒusi /

adjecitve
(Of a fruit) full of juice

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

reflex

US / ˈri:fleks /

•

UK / ˈriˌflɛks /

noun
Body's physical reaction done unconsciously
Response done quickly and without thinking

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

duodenum

US / ˌdju:əˈdi:nəm /

•

UK / ˌdu:əˈdi:nəm /

noun
Part of the small intestine

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

meat

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Flesh of a dead animal that you eat
Something that is important or significant

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

tract

US / trækt /

•

UK / trækt /

noun
A large stretch of land
System of internal body parts, e.g. the intestines
Piece of writing that communicates a certain view

bun

US / bʌn /

•

UK / bʌn /

noun
Woman's hairstyle of hair drawn into a round shape

competitor

US / kəmˈpetɪtə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɚ /

noun
Someone taking part in race, business, etc.

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

muscle

US / 'mʌsl /

•

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

noun
Physical power
Body tissue that moves parts of the body
verb
To use or muscles of force to get what you want

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

insulin

US / ˈɪnsjəlɪn /

•

UK / ˈɪnsəlɪn /

noun
Substance in the body processing sugar into energy

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

lifestyle

US / ˈlaɪfstaɪl /

•

UK / ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl /

noun
The type of life that you have; the way you live

loss

US / lɒs /

•

UK / lɔ:s /

noun
Friend, family, or other loved person's death
Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
Experience or state of failing to have or keep
A situation when you lose a game
Process of failing to have or keep something
Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
Situation when more money is spent than is earned

upper

US / ˈʌpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

adjecitve
Located above others of the same kind
Being the northern part of a region
Being closer to the source of a river
noun
Drug that improves mood or increases energy
Something happy or encouraging
Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

competition

US / ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Fighting against others to win something

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

quake

US / kweɪk /

•

UK / kwek /

noun
Short for earthquake
verb
To shake physically, due to fear or anxiety
(Of buildings) to shake forcefully

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

calorie

US / 'kælərɪ /

•

UK / ˈkæləri /

noun
Unit for measuring the amount of energy in food

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

squeeze

US / skwi:z /

•

UK / skwiz /

noun
Amount of liquid from firmly pressing e.g. orange
Act of putting pressure on, as to get liquid out
When there is not enough space for things/people
Act of firmly pressing on two or more sides
verb
To force or threaten someone to give you something
To strongly compress something to get liquid out
To be pressed together or crowded into an area
To press together the opposite sides of something
To reduce the amount of something

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

underneath

US / ˌʌndə'ni:θ /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈniθ /

adverb
Hidden beneath the surface of something
On the lower side or bottom of something
preposition
Lower than, as in status; beneath
Located under or below something

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

digestive

US / daɪˈdʒestɪv /

•

UK / daɪˈdʒɛstɪv, dɪ- /

adjecitve
Concerning processes of converting food to energy

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

press

US / pres /

•

UK / prɛs /

noun
Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
General term for TV, radio, newspapers
A machine that prints books and newspapers
verb
To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
To repeatedly ask someone to do something
To print something such as a book or newspaper
To push something against something else
To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

outflow

US / ˈaʊtfləʊ /

•

UK / ˈaʊtfloʊ /

noun
Process of flowing out, e.g. of emotion

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

permeate

US / ˈpɜ:mieɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɜ:rmieɪt /

verb
To seep or go through pores or holes

sensation

US / sen'seɪʃn /

•

UK / sɛnˈseʃən /

noun
(Person) attracting the interest of many people
Mental feeling caused by a previous experience
A feeling experienced by the body e.g. touch

swell

US / swel /

•

UK / swɛl /

noun
Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
Act of growing in size or increasing in number
The size of the waves (surfing)
verb
To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
To increase in size or number larger than normal
To become larger than normal, often due to injury

chair

US / tʃeə(r) /

•

UK / tʃer /

noun
A person in charge of an official meeting
A piece of furniture you sit on
verb
To be in charge of a meeting or department

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

doctor

US / ˈdɒktə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /

noun
Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
Person awarded the highest university degree
verb
To treat someone's illness
To change something in order to trick someone

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

legend

US / 'ledʒənd /

•

UK / ˈlɛdʒənd /

noun
List of explanations of symbols on map, etc.
Person famous for doing something very well
Old story generally believed, although not proven

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

bathroom

US / ˈbɑ:θru:m /

•

UK / ˈbæθru:m /

noun
Room where you take a bath or go to the toilet

continuous

US / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

adjecitve
Happening, existing, or performed without stops

correspond

US / ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd /

•

UK / ˌkɔ:rəˈspɑ:nd /

verb
To have similarity or equality with something
To write letters or emails to someone

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

insert

US / ɪnˈsɜ:t /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɜ:rt /

noun
Act of putting into a certain place or spot
verb
To put something into a certain place or spot

mental

US / ˈmentl /

•

UK / ˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Concerning the mind

participate

US / pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt /

•

UK / pɑ:rˈtɪsɪpeɪt /

verb
To take part with others in doing something

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

tight

US / taɪt /

•

UK / taɪt /

adjecitve
Showing anxiety or anger; tense
Positioned physically close together
Managed or controlled in a strict and careful way
(Of road, bend) curving sharply
Drunk
Being equally matched in ability or score
Lacking extra space
Having limited time available
Being very limited in supply
Not generous; mean with money; stingy
(Rope or tie) pulled strongly
Being in a good solid relationship
adverb
Firmly; so it can't move

tube

US / tju:b /

•

UK / tub,tjub /

noun
Plastic or metal container for soft substances
Long hollow pipe used to hold or liquids or gases

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

ignore

US / ɪɡ'nɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪɡˈnɔr, -ˈnor /

verb
To not listen to, look at, or pay attention to

propose

US / prə'pəʊz /

•

UK / prəˈpoz /

verb
To make an offer of marriage
To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

pain

US / peɪn /

•

UK / pen /

noun
Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
verb
To cause someone to feel upset or worry

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

detect

US / dɪˈtekt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɛkt /

verb
To discover or identify the presence of something

illness

US / ˈɪlnəs /

•

UK / ˈɪlnɪs /

noun
Unhealthy condition of the mind or body

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

professional

US / prə'feʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈfɛʃənəl /

adjecitve
Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
Getting paid for playing a sport/doing an activity
noun
Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

documentation

US / ˌdɒkjumenˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteʃən /

noun
Official papers that give information

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

enzyme

US / ˈenzaɪm /

•

UK / ˈɛnzaɪm /

noun
A protein made by cells

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

swallow

US / 'swɒləʊ /

•

UK / ˈswɑː.loʊ /

noun
Small northern bird with downward-pointing wings
Making food or drink go down to the stomach
verb
To believe (something that is not true)
To make food go from your mouth to your stomach
To cover or hide something

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

reluctant

US / rɪˈlʌktənt /

•

UK / rɪˈlʌktənt /

adjecitve
Experiencing or expressing unwillingness to do

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

compound

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

•

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

adjecitve
(Of a term) created by combining two or more words
noun
Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
Chemical made up of several others
Closed walled area, as in a prison
Something formed by combining elements/parts
Term created by using two or more words together
verb
To pay interest on a loan including the interest
To make something from various parts or components
To make a mistake or problem worse

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

necessarily

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

•

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

adverb
In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

sharp

US / ʃɑ:p /

•

UK / ʃɑrp /

adjecitve
Being very clear and easy to see
(Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
adverb
At precisely the time given
Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
noun
Person's name
A musical tone

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

wind

US / wɪnd /

•

UK / wɪnd /

adjecitve
(Musical instruments) that you blow into to play
noun
A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
Something that has influence
verb
If a road, path, or river winds, it follows a route that turns repeatedly in different directions
To turn or cause something to turn
To twist around something

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

eater

US / ˈi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiːtər /

noun
Someone who eats

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

kidney

US / 'kɪdnɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɪdni /

noun
Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

operation

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Business or company, or its activities
Functioning; use
Medical procedure involving surgery

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

chin

US / tʃɪn /

•

UK / tʃɪn /

noun
Part of your face below your mouth above your neck

dripping

US / ˈdrɪpɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdrɪpɪŋ /

verb
(Of liquid) to fall in drops

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

simplistically

US / sɪmˈplɪstɪkli /

•

UK / sɪmˈplɪstɪkli /

adverb
In too simple a way

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

chef

US / ʃef /

•

UK / ʃɛf /

noun
Person whose job is to cook food in a restaurant
The top assistant in a professional kitchen

competitive

US / kəmˈpetətɪv /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Being strongly driven to win or be better than

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

pace

US / peɪs /

•

UK / pes /

noun
Rate of speed at which something moves or happens
Single step, often used to measure a distance
verb
To set and control your speed, as in a race
To walk with slow purposeful steps

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

training

US / ˈtreɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtrenɪŋ /

noun
Act of educating someone to get better at
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

throat

US / θrəʊt /

•

UK / θroʊt /

noun
Part of the neck that is below the chin

churn

US / tʃɜ:n /

•

UK / tʃə:n /

verb
To turn milk round and round to make butter
To move round and round, as of stomach when ill
To move with vigorous agitation

awesome

US / 'ɔ:səm /

•

UK / ˈɔsəm /

adjecitve
Great; wonderful; stupendous

emergency

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒənsi /

noun
Sudden event needing an immediate action

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

intestine

US / ɪnˈtestɪn /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛstɪn /

noun
Long tube in the body for digesting food

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

possibly

US / ˈpɒsəbli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:səbli /

adverb
May be true or likely, but is uncertain

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

esophagus

US / ɪ'sɒfəɡəs /

•

UK / aɪˈsɑfəɡəs /

other
The passage between the pharynx and the stomach

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

precede

US / prɪ'si:d /

•

UK / prɪˈsid /

verb
To happen or come before something
To go somewhere before a person/thing

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

Subtitles section

A man ate an 8 pound hamburger in 30 minutes.

This is what happened to his organs.

GF is a 40 year old man, presenting to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain.

He tells the admitting nurse that a burning sensation was radiating through his upper back and that it felt like his stomach was inside his neck.

8 hours earlier, GF was participating in an eating challenge hosted by a local restaurant.

Anyone who could finish their 8 pound hamburger within 30 minutes would not only get the burger for free, but they would get their picture tacked onto the wall.

GF was a bit of a hamburger connoisseur himself, knowing meats and steaks.

He looked at the pictures on the wall and he knew it was his time to put on a show.

Most people who tried the challenge would just make a spectacle and then chicken out and give up just after a few bites.

The chef was reluctant to cook all this meat, but knowing that a serious burger enjoyer was here, it must be for real.

So it is enough talking, and now it is time to grill this beautiful burger.

So let's do it, the chef thought as GF calmed himself.

Inside the dining area, GF was ready.

The chef did a final check with the 73% lean beef meat and topped it with some cheese.

The burger was brought out.

GF took a good look.

He was so hungry and he grabbed the juicy burger and started biting.

Nearby, restaurant patrons caught wind of what was happening.

GF was putting on a show.

He didn't think he'd need to pace himself, he just kept biting.

Anything that came up, he would push right back down as he could feel the burger juices dripping off his chin.

As he got into the groove of things, he became unsure if he was even chewing, because he was so focused.

Encouraged by everyone watching, he pressed on.

Unquestionably, before the 30 minute mark, GF stood proud.

He had completed the challenge, the burger free of charge, and his picture on the wall.

At home now, GF thought he felt kinda weird.

At first, he would burp and feel bits of ground beef and the slice of cheese at the back of his throat.

The burger was sitting like a rock at a position higher in his abdomen than normal, squeezing up through his chest.

He felt puffy and bloated.

But then pain started permeating through his body.

He could feel something sharp in his upper back as he started to panic.

GF tried to wash everything down with some water.

The burger just wasn't moving.

But then it felt like the water was hanging around at the back of his throat.

And then his stomach started cramping.

GF grabbed the armrests of his chair.

He felt like the burger was oozing out of his throat, but he also felt like it was stuck like a rock in his stomach.

In the bathroom, GF was brought down to the ground.

He did have some movement come up, but things just kept getting worse as he gets into his car, and he drives himself to the emergency room, where we are now.

Given this history of present illness, the medical team has some clues as to what's happening.

First, GF's abdomen was not only hard to the touch, but it was also swollen.

This could be because there's an 8 pound hamburger sitting inside of him, but recently swallowed chewed ground beef shouldn't be that hard to the touch.

What could be that hard to the touch, is if the stomach perforated and is leaking gas from free air into his abdomen, something called pneumoperitoneum.

Pneumo referring to air, and peritoneum referring to, generally, a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, but in this case referring to the cavity where the abdominal organs are.

Except an x-ray reveals no gas present in this area, at least for now.

A blood test finds that GF's kidneys have started shutting down.

Excess white blood cells are now floating around for some reason, indicating that something in his body is either infected or inflamed, but what could it be?

When the medical team looked at the x-ray, they thought they saw something there.

Knowing that he had recently eaten an 8 pound burger, a CT scan shows everyone the entire burger.

The gastrointestinal tract, GI for short, is a long continuous muscle spanning from your mouth to your other end.

When you eat, food often induces something called a stretch reflex.

That is, the size and weight of the food will stretch the muscles of the GI tract and cause contractions that ripple through, leading to a bowel movement.

This assumes that food stretches the stomach a little, but not like how 8 pounds of ground beef would stretch it.

Simplistically, the stomach is a bag lined with muscle that churns food, physically breaking it up before it can be absorbed into the body.

But GF's stomach is a bag that's not adapted to suddenly having this much food.

The swelling and distension of his abdomen is immediately obvious, but serious problems are happening now due to this, bringing us back to inflammation.

When doctors look at the blood test results, they notice that digestive enzymes are now floating around in GF's body.

Just behind and underneath the stomach is a long organ called the pancreas.

It's responsible for secreting digestive juices at the point where the stomach connects to the intestines, something called the gastroduodenal junction.

Gastro referring to the stomach, and duodenal being the duodenum, the first part of the small intestines where food enters and starts to absorb into the body.

These digestive juices are enzymes that are meant to chemically break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, so that the basic macronutrients of food can absorb into the body.

If digestive enzymes have leaked into GF's blood, then it means that something is happening to his pancreas.

If those enzymes are supposed to digest proteins and fats, and the pancreas is made of proteins and fats, then it means that his pancreas is now starting to digest itself.

It can't contain those enzymes anymore, so they float around in his blood.

The body detects this damage, sending white blood cells explaining the inflammation.

But why is this happening?

And does it have anything to do with why his kidneys are shutting down too?

The organs in the abdomen are packed tightly, and they're close to each other.

The human body has the ability to expand in order to adapt to the conditions placed upon it.

When 8 pounds of burger is inserted into the body in 30 minutes, the addition of this mass makes the space tighter.

The medical team look at his abdominal CT scan.

Not only is the mass of the ground beef sitting in his stomach, but they also see that it's squeezing out and pushing up against the pancreas, compressing it.

This can cause a backup of digestive enzyme flow, building pressure up inside the organ, and without proper outflow being available, the pancreas starts to digest itself, ending in pancreatitis.

Itis meaning an inflammation.

Because the kidneys are close by too, it looks like the burger mass is squeezing in, pushing against the blood vessels, limiting blood flow to the kidneys, causing them to shut down.

The only way to fix this is for the burger to not be in his abdomen anymore.

Naturally, the body should move this from normal function.

But as the days pass, the medical team notes that GF's condition keeps getting worse.

His abdomen remains swollen, and large bits of beef appear to be blocking all movement through his intestines.

A tube is inserted into his nose to get access to his stomach, where they try to wash and pump it multiple times, but it seems like the beef is packed in tight, with possibly the evolution of gas in his GI tract.

Competitive eating isn't necessarily a new phenomenon, but the amounts eaten at the highest levels have gone up substantially.

In the United States, we have a hot dog eating contest every year in New York.

Legend has it that it's more than a hundred years old, but at the first recorded contest in 1972, the winner ate 14 hot dogs with buns.

The record today for that same contest is 76 hot dogs in 10 minutes.

These are professional, competitive eaters, but sometimes us regular folk might find ourselves eating more than we originally anticipated.

And if you want to prevent yourself from eating way too much, and portion your meals, you could order from this video's sponsor, Factor.

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Some of the best information we have on the body during competitive eating is from a study that was done in 2007 in one of the top competitive eaters at the time.

He was compared to a regular untrained person, and both had images taken of their stomachs while they ate a large quantity of hot dogs.

The untrained person stopped at 7 dogs, because he couldn't eat anymore, and the image of his stomach showed no distension, meaning that he felt full without his stomach stretching to a high degree.

On the other hand, the competitive eater finished 36 hot dogs in 10 minutes, and images showed that his stomach stretched to fit the glitzes, and as he kept eating, it kept stretching.

The muscle was able to do all of this while not contracting or churning any of the food, as the final image showed the stomach flexible as much as it needed to be to accommodate the size and weight of 36 hot dogs.

The problem is, physically, we don't know what happens long term to people who do these competitions, and have gone through the physical and mental training to do so.

Clearly, some level of control needs to be acquired in practice, because regular people who aren't trained to do this, can't do it, no matter how big or how hungry they think they are.

We know that the stomach is a muscle, and muscles are controlled by nerves.

If elite competitive eaters are all like this one, in this imaging study, is it possible that over years and decades, something could happen to the muscle?

What if one day it can't stretch like that anymore, or it's stretched like that for the rest of their life?

Or even more delicately, what if something happens to the nerves, where they can't control the muscle anymore?

This would result in something called gastroparesis, where there's delayed movement out of the stomach.

And issues like that aren't isolated.

What if later in their life, in their 50s, 60s, or 70s, they need to be on medicines for their blood pressure, or for insulin resistance, diabetes, or something related to mental health.

Some of those medicines can have an impact on gut, muscle, and the corresponding nerves.

I'll give you an example.

There's a new extremely popular class of weight loss compounds that were originally diabetes medicines, that could possibly cause this gastroparesis.

And there's no telling if these competitors would be on this medicine at some time later in their life, either for weight loss, or for glycemic control and diabetes.

There's other considerations too.

One being that competitive eaters may not be able to feel full or satisfied, unlike the untrained person, because their stomach keeps stretching and stretching and stretching without the feedback that enough is enough.

The person who participated in that imaging study himself said, Deep down, I've wondered how long-term competing is for my health.

I can't ignore that feeling anymore.

Other proposed problems that can come from this excess competitive eating are tears that can happen in the esophagus, but documentation of that actually happening so far, are not so clear.

But what is clear, is GF's case.

Five days after he presented to the emergency room, his organ shutdown was getting worse.

His pancreas could become so inflamed that it can start to cause long term problems, one of which could be growing a giant zit like structure on top of it.

Because the 8 pound burger was still sitting there, without any movement, it's stretching the walls of his stomach.

Pressure on the blood vessels in the stomach muscle increases, and blood flow decreases, starving it of oxygen.

If this keeps up, parts of his stomach can't survive, and it will break, causing a perforation leaking burger, stomach acid, and bacteria into the rest of his body, which can be fatal.

If the stomach can't move the burger, and attempts to wash and pump his stomach can't remove the undigested ground beef, the only other option is to surgically go in and remove it for him.

But as GF was getting prepped for the operation, he suddenly noticed movement inside.

He felt his guts immediately quake in his body.

A massive passing of flatulence lasting several minutes started happening, and then a tremendous bowel movement preceded him being discharged from the hospital as he made a full recovery.

Patient GF is portrayed by my good friend Guga Foods, and we made a video together on his channel, you can see that one right here.

Thanks so much for watching, take care of yourself, and be well.