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A New Ruling Bans Non-Compete Clauses In Job Offers!

Original YouTube Video | ALifeAfterLayoff Published on 2024-04-25 Level：59 Speed：92 maxwordlevel：28

Video vocabulary

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

housing

US / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

noun
Homes; houses in general
Cover for a machine
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

strategy

US / 'strætədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈstrætədʒi /

noun
Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
other
Branch of military dealing with command

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

print

US / prɪnt /

•

UK / prɪnt /

noun
Process of making books, magazines etc.
verb
To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
To write individual letters by hand in capitals

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

sometime

US / ˈsʌmtaɪm /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪm /

adjecitve
At an unknown time in the future

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

feather

US / ˈfeðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɛðɚ /

noun
One of the many light soft things on a bird's body
verb
To grow feathers
To cover something with feathers
To cut hair so that it lays in layers

forth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔrθ, forθ /

adverb
So as to be seen; out
Outward or forward in space, time

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

lay

US / leɪ /

•

UK / le /

adjecitve
Amateur; not being a trained priest
verb
To place a bet on a game outcome
(Of a bird, etc.) to produce eggs from its body
To put or set something down in a flat position
To set out things on (table) to prepare for a meal

independence

US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəns /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns /

noun
Having the freedom to make your own decisions

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

slap

US / slæp /

•

UK / slæp /

verb
To hit with the open hand or with a flat object

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

afford

US / ə'fɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈfɔrd, əˈford /

verb
To make available, to provide
To have enough money to pay for something

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

foster

US / 'fɒstə(r) /

•

UK / 'fɔ:stər /

other
To raise a child who is not yours, for payment
verb
To raise a child who is not yours, for payment

lock

US / lɒk /

•

UK / lɑ:k /

noun
Small portion of your hair that hangs together
Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
verb
To become fixed in place and hard to move
To use a key, code so others can't open something

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

skill

US / skɪl /

•

UK / skɪl /

noun
Ability to do something well

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

US / ˈnju:zletə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnu:zletə(r) /

noun
Report or open letter giving news to a group

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

trade

US / treɪd /

•

UK / treid /

noun
A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
Action of buying and selling things in business
The buying and selling of goods and services
Exchanging something for something else
Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
verb
To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
To give something in return for something else

precedent

US / ˈpresɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛsɪdənt /

noun
A similar action happening before now

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

inflation

US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

noun
Act of filling something with air or gas
Continual rise in the prices of products

knowledge

US / ˈnɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈnɑlɪdʒ /

noun
Information, understanding, or skill

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

rid

US / rɪd /

•

UK / rɪd /

verb
To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

eighteen

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

•

UK / eˈtin /

number
18

fourth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔ:rθ /

noun
4th

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

vote

US / vəʊt /

•

UK / vot /

noun
Act of deciding who to choose in an election
verb
To make a choice for or against, as in an election

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

workforce

US / ˈwɜ:kˌfɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈwə:kˌfɔrs /

noun
The total number of working people

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

selectively

US / sɪ'lektɪvlɪ /

•

UK / sɪ'lektɪvlɪ /

adverb
Only remembering what you want to

slant

US / slɑ:nt /

•

UK / slænt /

noun
An approach to thinking about something
Surface or line that is not even or that leans
other
To cause to lean or to be not upright
verb
To present information to unfairly support an idea
(Of buildings etc.) to lean away from upright

staff

US / stɑ:f /

•

UK / stæf /

noun
Employees of a company
Long stick that a person uses to help them walk
verb
To hire workers for a business

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

crappy

US / ˈkræpi /

•

UK / ˈkræpi /

adjecitve
Impolite term for not good, worthless

reclaim

US / rɪ'kleɪm /

•

UK / rɪˈklem /

verb
To get back something that was lost; recover

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

customer

US / ˈkʌstəmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌstəmɚ /

noun
Someone who buys goods or services from a business

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

innovation

US / ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnəˈveʃən /

noun
Process of creating new ideas or inventions

lobby

US / ˈlɒbi /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:bi /

noun
Main entrance and waiting room of public building
Group employed to persuade people to change laws
verb
To try to persuade a government to change laws

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

blah

US / blɑ: /

•

UK / blɑ /

adjecitve
Boring; uninteresting

exponentially

US / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

adverb
(Of an increase) at a faster and faster rate

interview

US / 'ɪntəvju: /

•

UK / ˈɪntɚˌvju /

noun
Meeting to ask questions to get information
verb
To formally ask questions about a given topic

micromanagement

US / /

•

UK / /

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

mail

US / meɪl /

•

UK / mel /

noun
Soldier's coat of linked chains, worn long ago
Sending, collecting, and delivering letters
A letter, package or email
verb
To send a letter or email

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

wednesday

US / ˈwenzdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈwenzdeɪ /

noun
Third day of the week; the day after Tuesday

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

decidedly

US / dɪˈsaɪdɪdli /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪdɪdli /

adverb
Without question and beyond doubt

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

implement

US / ˈɪmplɪment /

•

UK / ˈɪmpləmənt /

noun
A tool
verb
To start to do something you plan to do

install

US / ɪnˈstɔ:l /

•

UK / ɪnˈstɔl /

verb
To set up equipment so that it is ready to use
To place someone officially in a job position

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

organization

US / ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən /

noun
Group of people with a particular purpose

salary

US / ˈsæləri /

•

UK / ˈsæləri, ˈsælri /

noun
Money an employee is paid each month

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

article

US / 'ɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
Piece of writing about a particular subject
Piece of something, e.g. clothing
Section of a business contract or law

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

seeker

US / ˈsi:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsikɚ /

noun
Someone making a search or inquiry

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

april

US / ˈeɪprəl /

•

UK / ˈeɪprəl /

noun
4th month of the year
Person's name

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

correctly

US / kə'rektlɪ /

•

UK / kəˈrɛktlɪ /

adverb
In an accurate or correct manner

editor

US / ˈedɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛdɪtɚ /

noun
Person deciding the contents of a book or magazine
Person making final version of a movie, text, book

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

roof

US / ru:f /

•

UK / ruf,rʊf /

noun
Top of the inside a tunnel, cave, mouth etc.
Cover or top of a building or car
verb
To place a cover or top onto a building, vehicle

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

worker

US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /

noun
Person who works

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

toothpick

US / ˈtu:θpɪk /

•

UK / ˈtuθˌpɪk /

noun
Small strip of wood, plastic used to clean teeth

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

unlawful

US / ʌnˈlɔːfl /

•

UK / ʌnˈlɔːfl /

adjecitve
Not conforming to legality

content

US / 'kɒntent /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛnt /

adjecitve
Being happy or satisfied
noun
Information in something, e.g. book or computer

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

commonly

US / ˈkɒmənli /

•

UK / ˈkɑmənlɪ /

adverb
Typically, normally; not unusually

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

king

US / kɪŋ /

•

UK / kɪŋ /

noun
Person considered the best or top at something
Playing card with the image of a king on it
Key piece in the game of chess
Royal male ruler of a country
Person's name

income

US / ˈɪnkʌm /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌkʌm /

noun
Earned money from work, investments or business

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

besides

US / bɪˈsaɪdz /

•

UK / bɪˈsaɪdz /

adverb
Other than or in addition to

opportunity

US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

noun
Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

prohibit

US / prə'hɪbɪt /

•

UK / proˈhɪbɪt /

verb
To make something impossible
To prevent, forbid to use or do something

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

bury

US / 'berɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɛri /

verb
To put something into the ground and cover it

conviction

US / kən'vɪkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈvɪkʃən /

noun
Act of finding someone guilty of a crime
Strong belief in something, e.g. not needing proof

establishment

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt /

noun
Act, process of starting an organization or system
Organization, institution or place to do business
Group of people holding great power and influence

interested

US / ˈɪntrəstɪd /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd /

adjecitve
Having had your attention taken; curious
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

ceo

US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

•

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

abbreviation
CEO for Chief Operating Officer

alongside

US / əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd /

•

UK / əˌlɔ:ŋˈsaɪd /

preposition
Side by side with something

compete

US / kəmˈpi:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpit /

verb
To try to beat others at something, e.g. a race

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

niche

US / nɪtʃ /

•

UK / ni:ʃ /

noun
Small part of a market representing an opportunity
Area with all specific plant/animal needs to live
A specialized business, job or activity
Space cut into a wall, as to display a statue

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

trendy

US / ˈtrendi /

•

UK / ˈtrɛndi /

adjecitve
In the latest style; up to the minute

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

formation

US / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn /

noun
Process of creating; making a particular shape

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

resolve

US / rɪ'zɒlv /

•

UK / rɪˈzɑlv /

verb
To make a decision to do something
To find an answer, solution to a problem/ question
To change gradually into a different form
To decide to try to do something
To change into something, other parts, etc.

resume

US / rɪ'zju:m /

•

UK / rɪˈzum /

noun
A record of your achievements and qualifications
verb
To return to your seat, a place or position
To continue something after a pause or break

rider

US / 'raɪdə(r) /

•

UK / ˈraɪdɚ /

noun
Someone who rides on something, e.g. bike, a horse
Addition to a piece of writing that changes it
A traveler who rides an animal (as a horse)

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

burger

US / ˈbɜ:gə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɜ:rgə(r) /

noun
Bread roll with patty of minced beef inside

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

grate

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

verb
To shred food into very small pieces
To be unpleasantly harsh or annoying

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

capitalize

US / ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl:ˌaɪz /

verb
To write words, the first letter in BIG LETTERS
To supply the money needed to build a business
To take advantage of an opportunity

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

band

US / bænd /

•

UK / bænd /

noun
Group of people who work together e.g. play music
Thin piece of material that wraps around something
verb
To come together to work on a project
To tie things together using string or rope

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

specific

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

•

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Precise; particular; just about that thing
Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

runaway

US / ˈrʌnəweɪ /

•

UK / ˈrʌnəˌwe /

adjecitve
(Of a victory) easy; hardly contested
Unhappy child who runs away from home
noun
Unhappy child who runs away from home

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

climate

US / ˈklaɪmət /

•

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

noun
Typical weather conditions in a particular place

fine

US / faɪn /

•

UK / faɪn /

adjecitve
Good, acceptable or satisfactory
Of high quality; made with great skill
In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
Being of high quality
Good; okay; no problem
(Of weather) good; not raining
noun
Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
verb
To pay money because you broke a law

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

ftc

US / ˌefti:'si: /

•

UK / ˌɛfti'si /

abbreviation
FTC is an acronym

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

rent

US / rent /

•

UK / rɛnt /

verb
To give the use of something in return for payment
To cut a piece of cloth by tearing it

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

innovate

US / ˈɪnəveɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪnəˌvet /

verb
To introduce or create new things or make changes

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

stifle

US / ˈstaɪfl /

•

UK / ˈstaɪfəl /

verb
To hold back (a yawn, opposition etc.); smother

wage

US / weɪdʒ /

•

UK / wedʒ /

noun
Money paid to a worker for the hours they worked
verb
To start (war, etc.) to achieve a particular goal

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

seek

US / si:k /

•

UK / sik /

verb
To ask someone for help
To search for; try to find or do; look for
To try to achieve something

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

afternoon

US / ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n /

•

UK / ˌæftərˈnu:n /

noun
Time after 12:00 and before the evening meal

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

ban

US / bæn /

•

UK / bæn /

noun
Official action preventing something happening
verb
To make something illegal or not allowed

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

stack

US / stæk /

•

UK / stæk /

noun
A large number or amount of something
Large tube through which smoke exits a building
verb
To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes

administration

US / ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn /

•

UK / ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən /

noun
Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
The work of running something, e.g. a business
People managing a business, government etc.

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

concept

US / 'kɒnsept /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

noun
Abstract idea of something or how it works

concise

US / kənˈsaɪs /

•

UK / kənˈsaɪs /

adjecitve
Being brief and to the point; short

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

environmental

US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

•

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

adjecitve
Of the natural world of plants and animals

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

hourly

US / ˈaʊəli: /

•

UK / ˈaʊrli /

adverb
Occurring every hour or payable by the hour

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

mess

US / mes /

•

UK / mɛs /

noun
Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
verb
To make something untidy or dirty

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

predatory

US / 'predətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɛdəˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

adjecitve
Preying on the weak to gain an advantage

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

methodology

US / ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi /

•

UK / ˌmeθəˈdɑːlədʒi /

noun
System or techniques to show how to do tasks

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

illegal

US / ɪ'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ɪˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Not allowed by the laws or rules

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

increasingly

US / ɪnˈkri:sɪŋli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli /

adverb
More and more; in greater degree or amount

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

propose

US / prə'pəʊz /

•

UK / prəˈpoz /

verb
To make an offer of marriage
To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

agreement

US / əˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / əˈɡrimənt /

noun
Sharing the same opinion or reach a decision

august

US / ɔːˈɡʌst /

•

UK / ɔːˈɡʌst /

adjecitve
(of person) Well known and respected
noun
8th month of the year

employment

US / ɪmˈplɔɪmənt /

•

UK / ɛmˈplɔɪmənt /

adjecitve
Concerning the number of people who are in work
noun
The state of being in work or having a job

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

lobbyist

US / 'lɒbɪɪst /

•

UK / 'lɒbɪɪst /

noun
Someone employed to persuade people to change laws

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

nonetheless

US / ˌnʌnðəˈles /

•

UK / ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs /

adverb
In spite of that; nevertheless

rare

US / reə(r) /

•

UK / rɛr /

adjecitve
(Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

literally

US / ˈlɪtərəli /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

adverb
So as to express the exact meaning of something
Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

prop

US / prɒp /

•

UK / prɑp /

noun
Moveable item used on the set of a theater/film
verb
To support an object so it doesn't fall down

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

underneath

US / ˌʌndə'ni:θ /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈniθ /

adverb
Hidden beneath the surface of something
On the lower side or bottom of something
preposition
Lower than, as in status; beneath
Located under or below something

actionable

US / ˈækʃənəbl /

•

UK / ˈækʃənəbəl /

adjecitve
Something you can act on
That can be prosecuted in a court of law

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

franchise

US / 'fræntʃaɪz /

•

UK / ˈfrænˌtʃaɪz /

noun
Right to run a business using name of a company
verb
To sell the use of a brand to run a company

expertise

US / ˌekspɜ:ˈti:z /

•

UK / ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz /

noun
The special knowledge that an expert has

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

tuesday

US / ˈtjuːzdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈtuːzdeɪ /

noun
Second day of the week; the day after Monday

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

disadvantage

US / ˌdɪsədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
A negative point; a downside; difficulty

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

mislead

US / ˌmɪs'li:d /

•

UK / ˌmɪs'li:d /

verb
To make someone have the wrong idea about a thing

ninety

US / 'naɪntɪ /

•

UK / ˈnaɪnti /

number
90

curious

US / ˈkjʊəriəs /

•

UK / ˈkjʊriəs /

adjecitve
Wanting to know more about something
Attracting interest by being strange or unusual

guard

US / ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / ɡɑrd /

noun
Someone who watches a place or prevents escapes
verb
To keep watch over something to protect it

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

proactively

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
So as to head off anticipated future problems

senior

US / 'si:nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsinjɚ /

adjecitve
Being older than another person
Concerning the needs or activities of older people
(Student) in the final year of school
noun
Person who has usually reached a specific old age
Person who is older than someone else
Person with higher status or authority than
Student who is in the final year of school

scientist

US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

noun
Person who is trained in a science

anti

US / 'æntɪ /

•

UK / ˈæntaɪ, -ti /

adjecitve
A prefix meaning 'against' or 'opposed'

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

pendulum

US / 'pendjələm /

•

UK / ˈpɛndʒələm, ˈpɛndjə-, ˈpɛndə- /

noun
Weight on chain/cord swinging from a fixed point

promotional

US / prəˈməʊʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈmoʊʃənl /

adjecitve
Used in advertising

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

active

US / ˈæktɪv /

•

UK / ˈæktɪv /

adjecitve
Moving around a lot or doing many things

negative

US / 'neɡətɪv /

•

UK / ˈnɛɡətɪv /

adjecitve
Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
In mathematics, being less than zero
Focusing on the bad aspects; pessimistic
noun
The opposite to a positive electrical charge
In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
Reply to a question or statement that means 'no'
Image on camera film used to make a photo

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

commission

US / kə'mɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˈmɪʃən /

noun
Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
An official role or title in the military
Group officially put in charge of e.g. education
Order for a specific piece of work, usually of art
verb
To hire someone, order work to be done for payment

competitor

US / kəmˈpetɪtə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɚ /

noun
Someone taking part in race, business, etc.

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

layoff

US / 'leɪɔ:f /

•

UK / ˈleˌ ɔf /

noun
Act of sacking employees when work is lacking

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

startups

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A company just starting its operations
Act of setting in operation

weak

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

adjecitve
Not having a strong character
Less valuable compared to money of other countries
Ineffective; unconvincing; not strong
Having little power or ability
Not having the necessary or proper amount
Having little power; not strong; easy to break
(Of a drink) having lots of water and little taste

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

anymore

US / 'enɪmɔ: /

•

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

adverb
No longer; no more

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

unfair

US / ˌʌnˈfeə(r) /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈfer /

adjecitve
not treating people in an equal way, or not morally right

elsewhere

US / ˌelsˈweə(r) /

•

UK / ˌelsˈwer /

adverb
In, or to, another or different place

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

swing

US / swɪŋ /

•

UK / swɪŋ /

noun
Movement in a curved motion
Flowing, curved movement, e.g. of the arm
A back and forth motion, while hanging
Change in opinion or theme
Outdoor seat that hangs by two ropes, or chains
verb
To move something in a back and forth motion
To move in a back and forth motion, while hanging
To change opinion or mood, usually quickly

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

brian

US / ˌsɪnsɪ'nætɪ /

•

UK / ˌsɪnsɪ'nætɪ /

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

reaction

US / rɪ'ækʃn /

•

UK / riˈækʃən /

noun
Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
Feeling or action in response to something

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

detrimental

US / ˌdetrɪˈmentl /

•

UK / ˌdɛtrəˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Harmful

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

silver

US / 'sɪlvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪlvɚ /

adjecitve
Being the shiny gray color of mercury
noun
Person's name
Shiny gray color
Near white color metal with high value
Objects made from silver, such as dishes, forks
verb
To coat something with a layer of silver
To polish silver objects to make them shine

suddenly

US / ˈsʌdənli /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected or very quick manner

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

disrupt

US / dɪsˈrʌpt /

•

UK / dɪsˈrʌpt /

verb
To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

grab

US / ɡræb /

•

UK / ɡræb /

verb
To take and hold something quickly

caleb

US / ˈkɔ:ldwəl /

•

UK / ˈkɔldˌwɛl, -wəl, ˈkɑld- /

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

restaurant

US / 'restrɒnt /

•

UK / ˈrɛstərənt, -təˌrɑnt /

noun
Place where you can order, buy and eat a meal

sauce

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔs /

noun
Food made from cooked fruit, e.g. apples or mangos

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

biden

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

chamber

US / 'tʃeɪmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃembɚ /

noun
Enclosed space that contains something
Large room that is used for official meetings

commerce

US / ˈkɒmɜ:s /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mɜ:rs /

noun
Buying and selling of goods and services; trade

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

method

US / 'meθəd /

•

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

noun
(Organized and planned) way of doing something

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

firm

US / fɜ:m /

•

UK / fɚm /

adjecitve
Fairly hard or solid, not soft
Unchanging and strong
noun
Company that sells goods or services
verb
To make something become more solid or durable

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

enforce

US / ɪnˈfɔ:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔ:rs /

verb
To force something to be done or accepted
To make (a rule) active or effective

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

alarm

US / əˈlɑ:m /

•

UK / əˈlɑ:rm /

noun
Sound or light used for a warning or alert
an alarm clock

everybody

US / ˈevribɒdi /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

pronoun
Every person; everyone

intellectual

US / ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl /

•

UK / ˌɪntlˈɛktʃuəl /

adjecitve
connected with or using a person’s ability to think in a logical way and understand things
other
a person who is well educated and enjoys activities in which they have to think seriously about thin

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

harm

US / hɑ:m /

•

UK / hɑrm /

noun
Damage or injury
verb
To damage, injure, or hurt someone or something

restrict

US / rɪ'strɪkt /

•

UK / rɪˈstrɪkt /

verb
To prevent a person from doing something

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

automobile

US / ˈɔ:təməbi:l /

•

UK / ˌɔtəmoˈbil, -ˈmoˌbil /

noun
Car; a road vehicle with four or more wheels

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

letter

US / 'letə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɛtɚ /

noun
One of the 26 parts of the English alphabet
Message you put in an envelope and send by post

career

US / kə'rɪə(r) /

•

UK / kəˈrɪr /

noun
Particular occupation in professional life
verb
To move forward very fast and without control

insurance

US / ɪnˈʃʊərəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈʃʊrəns /

noun
Protection against loss/injury/death you pay for

pitch

US / pɪtʃ /

•

UK / pɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Very dark black color
noun
Act of throwing a baseball for someone to hit
Playing fields in sports, e.g. for soccer
Attempt to sell/persuade someone of the value of
Degree of slope on e.g. a plane's wing
Measure of how high or low a sound is
Black substance that is very stick when heated
verb
To suggest a product, idea to make someone buy
To throw a baseball to a batter
To plunge or fall forward or headlong
To set up a camp or tent for a length of time
To attempt to sell something to someone
To set a sound to a certain level

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

heck

US / hek /

•

UK / hɛk /

exclamation
Expressing surprise, or frustration

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

astronomical

US / ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl /

•

UK / ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Extremely large or high
Of the study of stars and other bodies in space

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

website

US / ˈwebsaɪt /

•

UK / 'websaɪt /

noun
Collection of webpages in one location

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

dupont

US / ˈdupɑnt /

•

UK / /

field

US / fi:ld /

•

UK / fild /

noun
Area of study, such as physics or biology
Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
Open area of land, especially without buildings
Grassed area where you play some sports
verb
To respond to something or answer a question
To catch or stop a ball during a game

leverage

US / 'li:vərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə- /

noun
An advantage which gives you influence or power
verb
To use an advantage which gives you influence

outpace

US / ˌaʊtˈpeɪs /

•

UK / aʊtˈpes /

verb
To go faster than

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

ruffle

US / ˈrʌfl /

•

UK / ˈrʌfəl /

noun
A trimming of frilled fabric e.g. on a collar
verb
To disturb the smoothness of e.g. water
To upset the balance or status quo

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

chef

US / ʃef /

•

UK / ʃɛf /

noun
Person whose job is to cook food in a restaurant
The top assistant in a professional kitchen

competitive

US / kəmˈpetətɪv /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Being strongly driven to win or be better than

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

labor

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
The people with work in a community
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

positive

US / ˈpɒzətɪv /

•

UK / ˈpɑzɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Showing agreement or support for something
Being sure about something; knowing the truth
Having the charge produced by electrons
Being good or useful
Showing that a chemical is present in a test

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
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those

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•

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determiner
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pronoun
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though

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•

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adverb
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begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
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opinion

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•

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noun
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rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
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soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

subject

US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

noun
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verb
To cause to suffer or experience something

Subtitles section

Non compete clauses seem to be a thing of the past.

Stick around and I'll tell you more.

Hey everybody, it's Brian from Life After Layoff and today I want to share with you some news that just came out about non compete clauses and the fact that they might be banned going forward.

This is very welcome news at a time when most of the things that are coming out about the labor market are decidedly crappy for the employee and I fully realize that some of my content comes with a negative slant.

But let's face it, there hasn't been a whole lot of positive stuff to report on.

And obviously my goal is to help job seekers just like you reclaim control and try to take back some level of independence from these employers.

And this is actually a step in the right direction, which is kind of surprising.

So let's break down the news.

I'll give a little bit of my reaction to it and what this could mean for you as the average job seeker.

But before we get into that, if you're interested in reclaiming control and begin to act like the CEO of your career, you want to check out my newsletter.

In it, I share concise, actionable tips for the job seeker,

on how to reclaim control, how to approach your job search, resume writing, and interviewing with more strategy and conviction.

And if you're in an active job search or you're career minded, it might be worth your time to sign up for it.

Keep in mind, it's absolutely free.

So let's hop over to the article and see what it has to say.

So news came out on Wednesday, April the fourth that the Biden administration would be banning non compete agreements, which is obviously going to cause a ruffle in the feathers of a lot of business groups.

So let's look at a quick reaction and then let's read through this article and get the news.

Welcome back.

The Federal Trade Commission has just voted to ban almost all non compete agreements between companies and their employees.

That new ban also applies to any existing non compete agreements.

To break it down, the purpose of a non compete clause is to restrict employees from finding new jobs at competing companies, both during and soon after employment.

The policy is set to go into effect in August, but the U.S.

Chamber of Commerce says it does plan to challenge this decision in court.

Joining us here on set to explain it all, Investopedia editor in chief Caleb Silver.

Caleb, good morning.

So, labor groups say that these policies basically keep workers from making more money or having the opportunity to go seek more money elsewhere.

What do you make of that and how will a ban like this change things for employees?

Well, for a lot of people that have to sign non competes, and it's not everybody, but a lot of companies do enforce it, they could hop to another job at a better pay if they could just leave that job, but a non compete prevents them from doing that.

So the FTC has proposed this rule that says it affects eighteen percent of the workforce

or some twenty odd million workers, thirty million people actually, who can't job hop to get better pay.

It also says it stifles innovation.

If you can't leave from one job to another, companies can't innovate, you can't have new startups being formed because you can't leave your job and form your own company if it competes in the same field as your other company.

So it says it's stifling job creation, it's costing more in health care costs, and it's keeping people in jobs that they don't want to be in for too long.

That's why they proposed this rule.

So in a ruling on Tuesday afternoon,

The Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, announced that non compete clauses would basically be illegal.

So this would be for any existing non compete clauses and anything going forward.

And basically what the purpose of this is, is to try to protect workers' abilities to change jobs.

And they say it's to increase innovation, to foster new business formation.

And oftentimes if you read the fine print of your job offer when you join a new organization,

They'll include a non compete clause in there saying that you can't leave and go to a competitor for a certain period of time.

It might be six months.

It might be a year.

I've seen them as high as five years.

So obviously from an employee's perspective, that can be very detrimental, especially if you work in a relatively niche industry or if you work in a geographic region where there's limited job opportunities.

And these non compete clauses can seem very unfair.

And certainly they're very stacked against the average employee.

The business has everything to gain.

Essentially, they don't want you to go and work for a competitor.

And in theory, you're going to take your trade secrets or disrupt their business operations.

Say you're a chef in a trendy restaurant and you want to start your own establishment.

And so these non compete clauses would prohibit you from starting the new business and then bringing staff with you in addition to that.

So it can be very detrimental to people being able to grow this whole concept of job hopping to earn higher salaries.

And let's face it, when we're in a work climate,

where people are getting laid off left and right, and there is no loyalty to the company, these non compete clauses can be particularly grating.

Because we have runaway inflation, the economy seems to be propped up with toothpicks.

And I believe that the job reports are very misleading, and that there's not a lot of good quality positions out there, even though there may be more jobs available.

The reality is that a lot of these jobs that are available are low quality.

They're contract positions.

They're part time.

They don't have benefits.

A lot of times they're ten ninety nines.

And so the quality of the position has gone down.

And over the last roughly four years, it seems like literally everything that we buy is going through the roof.

You've got gas prices that are astronomical right now.

Food prices have increased something like forty percent.

You've got rent.

And certainly the housing market is a complete mess.

You've got the automobile industry as a mess as well.

The insurance industry, everybody's insurance rates are going up for no other reason than besides inflation.

Heck, even McDonald's has raised their prices so much that they're now questioning whether or not they've outpaced the ability of low income customers to afford it.

But the one thing that hasn't increased exponentially alongside it is wages, and one of the things that people can do in a decidedly disadvantaged market for the job seeker

is to leverage the ability to go from job to job.

Job hopping selectively is a very real way to move through salary bands and

hope to afford life these days.

The economy is only getting worse, inflation still continues to outpace targets, and you're seeing people continue to get laid off.

If what I last read was true about layoff numbers, we're approaching levels we haven't seen since

So the idea of having a non compete clause that keeps you locked into your job or not being able to be competitive in a market where they will lay you off and then tell you that you can't go and work for a competitor, even though you may have all the skills and expertise.

In fact, I talk about building up your background so that you are a perfect fit for those competitor jobs.

That's a free market economy.

That's acting like the CEO of your career.

And when you have these stifling agreements, it's decidedly anti employee.

So of course that there's going to be trade organizations and business groups that are going to say that this is very detrimental to their business.

But the reality is, is that the American employee has been beaten down to the point where there's really no advantages.

So, amongst all the negative news that's been coming out over the last several years, this is actually a positive thing in my opinion.

And the FTC is estimating that nearly one in five Americans is subject to a non compete, which is actually pretty high.

It says that they have grown increasingly common in lower wage and hourly workers being required to sign up.

trade secret, are you going to bring from a crappy McDonald's burger to a crappy Burger King burger?

But the reality is that some of these companies are requiring these.

So you got fast food franchises, restaurants, security firms.

It's like security firm.

If you're a security guard, it's like, what trade secret are you really going to be bringing?

I guess maybe you got to change your alarm settings or your locks or whatever.

But the reality is, is that these positions should not be covered by non competes to begin with.

And I feel that these companies are predatory with these non competes.

So it says in addition to banning all new non competes, the FTC's ruling will apply to existing non competes as well.

So if you're under a non compete currently, once this ruling goes into effect, I think it was sometime in August, that you will be able to get out from underneath it.

So you can actually start to apply to jobs that you previously blocked from or worried about an employer coming after you.

So employers will now have to provide notice to workers bound to these current non competes that it will not be enforced against them.

So look for that letter to come in the mail that your employer will have to proactively reach out to you and let you know like, hey, we can't actually come after you anymore.

Now, of course, these business groups are already hitting back on the ban saying that non competes are essential to protecting trade secrets and proprietary information.

And I mean, probably in some very, very rare circumstances, might that be the case?

Like if you're working as like an intellectual property owner or a maybe like a research and development scientist somewhere, I could see that potentially being an issue, but maybe here's an idea.

Set up your business practices so that you're recognizing people.

You're paying them correctly.

You're giving them promotional opportunities.

You're not laying people off at the first sign of things going wrong in the economy.

and then you're gaslighting the employees into saying that we all need to pitch in and sometimes we have to make these difficult decisions and blah blah blah blah blah.

The reality is for the average person is you can get laid off then they'll slap this non compete on you and they'll completely limit your ability to go and find work to put food on your table.

These groups are also saying that non competes ultimately help workers by engendering a more

collaborative firm environment and limiting the so called free riders or employees who seek to capitalize on a company specific methods and taking that knowledge elsewhere.

That's kind of the point of working somewhere where you work for an industry leader, you learn the best practices and you bring them with you.

How many times have you worked in an organization where a new leader comes in from some different competing company and decides to install their own systems?

That happens very commonly at the senior levels of organizations.

I can't tell you how many that I've been in,

Where the new leader comes in and they work the DuPont method.

So now they're going to implement the DuPont method because that's where they work for all those years.

And so suddenly everything changes and they put in their own methodologies.

That's like a really common thing.

And to say that that's the reason why they want these non competes and they're going to fight it.

That's kind of like weak sauce to me.

And of course, the U.S.

Chamber of Commerce, which is the country's largest business lobby, I don't know how lobbyists are even legal.

If we want to change this country, get rid of lobbyists, any business lobbyists, any environmental lobbyists, any of that stuff.

But nonetheless, they're calling this a unlawful power grab, which is particularly rich considering how much the employment pendulum swings back and forth and it's been decidedly buried with the

This decision sets a dangerous precedent for government micromanagement of businesses and can harm employees, workers, and our economy.

It seems more like it's harming the worker than anything, these non compete clauses, and potentially the economy.

certainly has not harmed the employers.

The good news is that it's set to go into effect in August.

However, it looks like it might not be enforced until the court challenges are resolved.

Good news is that it's coming.

Bad news is that it might take a few more years.

And with all the negative crap that's been happening, nothing positive seems to have been coming out of the last three to four years.

This might be one that I actually agree with.

So there you have it.

Looks like non compete clauses may be a thing of the past.

And I'm curious, have any of your job offers required you to sign a non compete yourself?

And what do you think of this ruling?

Do you think it's a positive thing for the employee or not?

And if you need more help in your job search, head over to my website, lifeafterlayoff.com,

As always, appreciate you watching.

We'll see you on the next one.