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African miners risking their lives for our gold | 60 Minutes Australia

Original YouTube Video | 60MinutesAU Published on 2023-08-23 Level：91 Speed：25 maxwordlevel：17

Video vocabulary

gargantuan

US / gɑ:ˈgæntʃuən /

•

UK / gɑ:rˈgæntʃuən /

adjecitve
Of immense size; huge; gigantic

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

unwittingly

US / ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈwɪtɪŋlɪ /

adverb
Without knowledge or intention

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

madness

US / ˈmædnəs /

•

UK / ˈmædnɪs /

noun
Obsolete term for legal insanity

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

tide

US / taɪd /

•

UK / taɪd /

noun
Way opinions or events are developing or changing
Regular rise and fall of the level of the sea
verb
To give you what is needed for a short time

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

oblivious

US / əˈblɪviəs /

•

UK / əˈblɪviəs /

adjecitve
Being unaware of someone or something

girl

US / gɜ:l /

•

UK / gɜ:rl /

noun
A female child; a young woman

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

genocide

US / ˈdʒenəsaɪd /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌsaɪd /

noun
Deliberate destruction of a group of people

pain

US / peɪn /

•

UK / pen /

noun
Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
verb
To cause someone to feel upset or worry

smuggler

US / ˈsmʌglə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsmʌɡ(ə)lər /

noun
One who brings goods/people illegally into a place

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

crater

US / 'kreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkretɚ /

noun
Large hole in ground caused by heavy impact

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

labour

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
Physical process by which a baby is born
The people with work in a community
A left-wing political party in some countries
(Physically challenging) work
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

crook

US / krʊk /

•

UK / krʊk /

noun
A criminal or thief; dishonest person

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

diamond

US / 'daɪəmənd /

•

UK / ˈdaɪəmənd, ˈdaɪmənd /

noun
Very hard colorless stone used in jewelry

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

poor

US / pʊə(r) /

•

UK / pʊr /

adjecitve
Inferior; below the normal standard
Deserving of pity or sympathy
Without money; not rich

risky

US / ˈrɪski /

•

UK / ˈrɪski /

adjecitve
With the chance it may be dangerous, unsuccessful

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

unimaginable

US / ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl /

adjecitve
That cannot be imagined; unthinkable

abuse

US / ə'bju:s /

•

UK / əˈbjuz /

noun
Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
verb
To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
To use something wrongly or dishonestly
To insult someone or swear at them

tie

US / taɪ /

•

UK / taɪ /

noun
Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
Strong connection between people, countries
When both sides in a game, vote get same score
One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
Something that lessens a person's freedom
Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
verb
To attach things (together) with a string or rope
To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
To require someone to be in a specific place

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

newspaper

US / ˈnju:zpeɪpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnuzˌpepɚ, ˈnjuz- /

noun
Sheets of paper (or online) containing the news

display

US / dɪˈspleɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈsple /

noun
Arrangement of objects so people can see or buy
verb
(Animals) to indicate readiness for sex
To show, e.g. your feelings, thoughts; demonstrate
To put so they can be seen or be bought

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

pour

US / pɔ:(r) /

•

UK / pɔr, por /

verb
To fill a person's glass or cup with a drink
To make something flow in a steady stream
To rain very heavily

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

killer

US / ˈkɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪlɚ /

adjecitve
Being appealing or funny
noun
Something that is a challenge to deal with
Person, thing or animal that kills

joy

US / dʒɔɪ /

•

UK / dʒɔɪ /

noun
Deep happiness and pleasure about something
Thing or person that causes pleasure or happiness
verb
To experience happiness or to be glad

rwanda

US / rʊ'ændə /

•

UK / rʊ'ændə /

other
A landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony

dirt

US / dɜ:t /

•

UK / dɚt /

noun
Loose earth or soil

van

US / væn /

•

UK / væn /

noun
Truck with an enclosed cargo space

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

aid

US / eɪd /

•

UK / ed /

noun
Action of giving help to others
Money or help given to those who need it
verb
To help others and provide things

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

fortune

US / 'fɔ:tʃu:n /

•

UK / ˈfɔrtʃən /

noun
What might happen to you in the future
Chance or luck, particularly good luck
Very large amount of money

victim

US / ˈvɪktɪm /

•

UK / ˈvɪktɪm /

noun
Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
Person/animal killed and offered as a sacrifice
Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
Person who is tricked or made to suffer

traitor

US / ˈtreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtretɚ /

noun
Person who betrays your country or someone's trust

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

homeless

US / ˈhəʊmləs /

•

UK / ˈhomlɪs /

adjecitve
Having no home; living on the streets

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

column

US / ˈkɒləm /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:ləm /

noun
Regular series of articles in a newspaper/magazine
Strong vertical stone pillar that holds up a roof
Vertical line in a table or chart

coffin

US / ˈkɒfɪn /

•

UK / ˈkɔ:fɪn /

noun
Wooden box in which a dead body is put

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

mountain

US / 'maʊntən /

•

UK / ˈmaʊntən /

noun
Very high piece of land, higher than a hill

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

pocket

US / 'pɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɑkɪt /

adjecitve
(As if) small enough to fit in your pocket
noun
Small cloth bag sewn into clothing to hold things
Area of space
verb
To put something into your pocket
To take or hide something illegally

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

pan

US / pæn /

•

UK / pæn /

noun
Open metal container used for cooking
Steel drum
Big, flat bowl, used to find gold with water
verb
To follow an object being filmed with a camera
To criticize, e.g. a film, in a strong way
To sort gold from other materials using water

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

tunnel

US / 'tʌnl /

•

UK / ˈtʌnəl /

adjecitve
As if looking in a long hole
noun
Passage under the ground, often for cars or trains
verb
To dig a hole from one side to another

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

worker

US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /

noun
Person who works

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

verb
To find something new that was not known before

succumb

US / səˈkʌm /

•

UK / səˈkʌm /

verb
To eventually die from a disease
To give in to something tempting

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

horde

US / hɔ:d /

•

UK / hɔ:rd /

noun
Large group of people, as one that is frightening

brave

US / breɪv /

•

UK / brev /

adjecitve
Not letting fear or danger stop you acting
noun
(Old-fashioned) A native American warrior
verb
To not be afraid of doing something dangerous

fabulous

US / ˈfæbjələs /

•

UK / ˈfæbjələs /

adjecitve
Almost impossible to believe, incredible

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

african

US / ˈæfrɪkən /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Africa
noun
Person from Africa

cobalt

US / 'kəʊbɔ:lt /

•

UK / ˈkoˌbɔlt /

noun
Hard, shiny, silver-white metal

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

miner

US / 'maɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɚ /

noun
Someone working in a mine to dig out coal, etc.

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

jewellery

US / ˈdʒu:əlri /

•

UK / ˈdʒuːəlri /

noun
Necklace, ring, etc., often made of gold, etc.

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

ashamed

US / ə'ʃeɪmd /

•

UK / əˈʃemd /

adjecitve
Feeling of shame or guilt

wealth

US / welθ /

•

UK / wɛlθ /

noun
Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
Great quantity, amount, or number of something

sale

US / seɪl /

•

UK / sel /

noun
Event during which the prices of goods are reduced
Giving something for money; the amount sold

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

rings

US / rɪŋz /

•

UK / rɪŋz /

other
Roped areas in which people fight or box
Circular objects with a hole in it
Circular shapes or marks around some things
People doing illegal businesses or criminal activities
Round pieces of metal that goes on your finger
Acts of calling someone using a phone
verb
To draw a circular shape or mark around something
To make a loud, noisy constant sound
To produce a sound from a bell, alarm or telephone
To call someone using a phone

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

smuggle

US / ˈsmʌgl /

•

UK / ˈsmʌɡəl /

verb
To illegally bring goods/people into a place
To bring something/someone into a place secretly

pore

US / pɔ:(r) /

•

UK / pɔr, por /

noun
Small hole on skin, etc. allowing liquid to pass

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

bucket

US / 'bʌkɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʌkɪt /

noun
Open container with a handle used to carry liquids

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

ivory

US / ˈaɪvəri /

•

UK / ˈaɪvəri, ˈaɪvri /

noun
Hard cream-colored substance forming tusks

finger

US / ˈfɪŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪŋɡɚ /

noun
One of the five long parts of the hand
verb
To touch something with the ends of the hands
To identify the person guilty of a crime

tragedy

US / 'trædʒədɪ /

•

UK / ˈtrædʒɪdi /

noun
Play that has a sad ending with many deaths
Very sad event that usually involves death

extract

US / 'ekstrækt /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrækt /

noun
Essential ingredient of a natural thing
Part taken from a longer written work
verb
To get a substance out of a plant, etc.
To get a person to share secret information
To remove something by pulling or cutting

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

crowded

US / ˈkraʊdɪd /

•

UK / ˈkraʊdɪd /

adjecitve
With many things or people in one place
verb
To force too many things, people into
(Of a lot of people) to go together in small place

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

parent

US / 'peərənt /

•

UK / ˈpɛrənt, ˈpær- /

noun
Person's, animal's mother or father
Something creating other things of the same kind

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

truly

US / 'tru:lɪ /

•

UK / ˈtruli /

adverb
In accordance with truth, fact or reality; really

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

woman

US / ˈwʊmən /

•

UK / ˈwʊmən /

noun
Adult female human being

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

deadly

US / ˈdedli /

•

UK / ˈdɛdli /

adjecitve
Causing or capable of causing death
Being very accurate

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

mountainside

US / ˈmaʊntənsaɪd /

•

UK / ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd /

noun
Side or slope of a mountain

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

wage

US / weɪdʒ /

•

UK / wedʒ /

noun
Money paid to a worker for the hours they worked
verb
To start (war, etc.) to achieve a particular goal

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

spectacle

US / ˈspektəkl /

•

UK / ˈspɛktəkəl /

noun
Impressive performance, public event or show
Large public event, performance, or show
Public show of your bad or shameful actions

administrator

US / ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ædˈmɪnɪˌstretɚ /

noun
Someone involved in the running of an organization

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

conman

US / ˈkɒnmæn /

•

UK / ˈkɑːnmæn /

noun
Person trying to trick or deceive someone

seek

US / si:k /

•

UK / sik /

verb
To ask someone for help
To search for; try to find or do; look for
To try to achieve something

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

shop

US / ʃɒp /

•

UK / ʃɑ:p /

noun
Place to learn how to fix or make things; class
Place where things are fixed or repaired, e.g. cars
Place which sells things
verb
To look for or buy goods or services

australian

US / ɒˈstreɪliən /

•

UK / ɔˈstreljən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Australia
noun
People from Australia

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

rock

US / rɒk /

•

UK / rɑk /

noun
Type of popular music with a strong, loud beat
Strong, tough person who can be relied upon
Big stone; hard, solid substance forming mountains
verb
To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
To be extremely effective or pleasing
To play, sing along with, or dance to heavy music
To move back and forth or from side to side

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

forest

US / 'fɒrɪst /

•

UK / ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr- /

noun
Large area with many trees

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

master

US / 'mɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæstɚ /

adjecitve
Being very skilled at doing something
Being the main or most important thing or part
noun
Someone who is very skilled at doing something
Holding a higher degree from a university
Male teacher
Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog
verb
To gain control over something
To learn to do something very well

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

colonialism

US / kəˈləʊniəlɪzəm /

•

UK / kəˈloniəˌlɪzəm /

noun
System in which a country controls a colony

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

remarkable

US / rɪˈmɑ:kəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈmɑrkəbəl /

adjecitve
Interesting and unexpected, worthy of notice

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

sift

US / sɪft /

•

UK / sɪft /

verb
To look through and remove less valuable things
To remove lumps from/add air to flour with a sieve

mercury

US / ˈmɜ:kjəri /

•

UK / ˈmɜ:rkjəri /

noun
Silver-white metal that is used in thermometers
Planet that is closest to the sun

dead

US / ded /

•

UK / dɛd /

adjecitve
Not alive
Being bored or not interested
Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
adverb
Completely; absolutely

profit

US / 'prɒfɪt /

•

UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /

noun
Benefit from doing something
Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
verb
To be a benefit to someone
To earn money from something

virtual

US / ˈvɜ:tʃuəl /

•

UK / ˈvɚtʃuəl /

adjecitve
Existing only on the internet or on a computer
Existing only in a digital world
Almost being; nearly complete

divert

US / daɪˈvɜ:t /

•

UK / daɪˈvɜ:rt /

verb
To attract someone's attention from something
To redirect something, such as a river or road
To redirect the use of (goods or money)

terrible

US / ˈterəbl /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible

dig

US / dɪg /

•

UK / dɪɡ /

verb
To move material to create a hole

uranium

US / juˈreɪniəm /

•

UK / jʊˈreniəm /

noun
Radioactive element used for nuclear energy/weapon

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

christian

US / ˈkrɪstʃən /

•

UK / ˈkrɪstʃən /

adjecitve
Based on the teachings of Jesus
noun
Person believing in the teachings of Jesus Christ

civil

US / ˈsɪvl /

•

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

adjecitve
Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

evening

US / ˈi:vnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈivnɪŋ /

noun
Last part of the day and early part of night
A social event in the early part of the night
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

baby

US / ˈbeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈbeɪbi /

adjecitve
Small in size; smaller than usual
noun
A very young child, who cannot yet speak
verb
To treat someone as if they were newly born

congo

US / ˈkɔŋɡəu /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋɡo /

other
A major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
A republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in
A republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in

powder

US / 'paʊdə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊdɚ /

noun
Dry material made up of small powder-like pieces
Dry and light form of snow
verb
To apply a dust onto the body or face

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

slowly

US / ˈsləʊli /

•

UK / ˈsloʊli /

adverb
In an unhurried or not speedy manner

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

motley

US / 'mɒtlɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɑtli /

adjecitve
Consisting of all different types of people/things

malaria

US / məˈleəriə /

•

UK / məˈlɛriə /

noun
Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

refuse

US / rɪ'fju:z /

•

UK / ˈrefjus /

noun
Garbage, waste
verb
To not accept, allow, or give something

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

cast

US / kɑ:st /

•

UK / kæst /

noun
People who appear in a play or movie
Small amount of a particular color
Shape to pour hot metal in to create objects
Hard covering put around injured arm, leg etc.
verb
To give specific roles to actors in a movie, play
To describe someone's personality or character
To make objects using a mold
To be presented in a certain way
To send out or direct something
To throw something using a line, e.g. when fishing

immense

US / ɪˈmens /

•

UK / ɪˈmɛns /

adjecitve
Very great in size or amount

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

army

US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑrmi /

noun
Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

toxic

US / ˈtɒksɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑksɪk /

adjecitve
Poisonous; harmful
(Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict

violent

US / ˈvaɪələnt /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələnt /

adjecitve
Done with force; likely to produce physical damage

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

ignorant

US / ˈɪgnərənt /

•

UK / ˈɪɡnərənt /

adjecitve
Lacking knowledge, awareness or information

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

slavery

US / ˈsleɪvəri /

•

UK / ˈslevəri, ˈslevri /

noun
State or condition of being a slave

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

dorado

US / də'rɑ:dəʊ /

•

UK / də'rɑ:doʊ /

other
A constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Mag

colonial

US / kəˈləʊniəl /

•

UK / kəˈloʊniəl /

adjecitve
Of a system where one country controls another

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

dust

US / dʌst /

•

UK / dʌst /

noun
Fine dry powder that builds up on surfaces
verb
To apply a fine powder to, e.g. sugar to a cake
To wipe something to remove dirt

wild

US / waɪld /

•

UK / waɪld /

adjecitve
Living in nature; not tame
(Of land) not developed by people
adverb
In a manner which lacks control
noun
A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

village

US / 'vɪlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈvɪlɪdʒ /

noun
Small town in the country

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

monday

US / ˈmʌndeɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌndeɪ /

noun
Second day of the week; the day after Sunday

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

sweat

US / swet /

•

UK / swɛt /

noun
An amount of hard work
(Of work, job) hard; needing effort
Liquid from your skin when you are hot or nervous
verb
To do an amount of hard work
To be worried or anxious about something
To produce drops of water from your skin when hot

landslide

US / ˈlændslaɪd /

•

UK / ˈlændˌslaɪd /

noun
Slide of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff
A very big win (in an election)

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

colony

US / 'kɒlənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑləni /

noun
Group (bees, etc.) that live in the same place
Country/settlement controlled by another country

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

earning

US / 'ɜ:nɪŋ /

•

UK / 'ɜ:nɪŋ /

verb
To deserve something because you worked for it
To get money for work

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

desperate

US / ˈdespərət /

•

UK / ˈdɛspərɪt /

adjecitve
Being beyond hope; prepared to do anything
State of urgently wanting to go to the toilet

particle

US / ˈpɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
Tiny piece or quantity of something

chisel

US / 'tʃɪzl /

•

UK / ˈtʃɪzəl /

noun
Tool with flat sharp edge for shaping wood/stone

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

chapter

US / ˈtʃæptə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃæptɚ /

noun
Small local group forming part of a larger one
One of the main sections of a book
Period or time in your life, e.g. your childhood

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

scratch

US / skrætʃ /

•

UK / skrætʃ /

noun
Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
A small cut or mark on a surface
verb
To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
To make a small cut or mark on a surface

determination

US / dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / dɪˌtɚməˈneʃən /

noun
Will to achieve a goal despite difficulties

belgian

US / 'beldʒən /

•

UK / ˈbɛldʒən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Belgium

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

pittance

US / ˈpɪtns /

•

UK / ˈpɪtn:s /

noun
Small amount of money or pay

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

gold

US / gəʊld /

•

UK / goʊld /

noun
Soft yellow metal that is very valuable
Person's name
adjecitve
Dark yellow color often seen in sunsets

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

creativity

US / ˌkri:eɪ'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ˌkrieˈtɪvətɪ /

noun
Ability to imagine new ideas

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

muscle

US / 'mʌsl /

•

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

noun
Physical power
Body tissue that moves parts of the body
verb
To use or muscles of force to get what you want

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

exporter

US / ekˈspɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈsportɚ /

noun
Country, business selling goods to other countries

origin

US / ˈɒrɪdʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɔrədʒɪn,ˈɑr- /

noun
Point at which something begins or is created
Country or social group that a person comes from

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

perilous

US / ˈperələs /

•

UK / ˈpɛrələs /

adjecitve
Extremely dangerous, risky

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

inheritance

US / ɪnˈherɪtəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns /

noun
Past ideals, styles still important in the present
Act of receiving property or money after a death

cle

US / lk /

•

UK / lk /

abbreviation
CLE is an acronym

scared

US / skeəd /

•

UK / skerd /

adjecitve
Frightened, afraid
verb
To become frightened
To make someone feel frightened or worried

orphanage

US / ˈɔ:fənɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɔ:rfənɪdʒ /

noun
Home for children whose parents have died

hole

US / həʊl /

•

UK / hol /

noun
An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
Opening into or through something
An awkward or difficult situation
Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
verb
(Golf) to get the ball into the hole

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

toil

US / tɔɪl /

•

UK / tɔɪl /

verb
To do hard physical work for a long time

skin

US / skɪn /

•

UK / skɪn /

noun
Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
Outer layer of an animal or human
Outer part of an object, such as a plane
verb
To defeat someone easily and completely
To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
To remove the outer covering from an animal

purchase

US / ˈpɜːtʃəs /

•

UK / ˈpɜːrtʃəs /

noun
Something that you bought
Strong hold on something; grip
verb
To buy something; to get by paying money for it

awesome

US / 'ɔ:səm /

•

UK / ˈɔsəm /

adjecitve
Great; wonderful; stupendous

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

massacre

US / 'mæsəkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæsəkɚ /

noun
Killing of a large number of people
verb
To kill a large number of people

poisoning

US / ˈpɔɪəznɪŋ , ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ /

verb
To affect something in a very negative way
To hurt or kill with a dangerous substance

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

splurge

US / splɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / splɜ:rdʒ /

noun
Indulging yourself by buying something expensive
verb
To spend a lot of money/more than you should

door

US / dɔ:(r) /

•

UK / dɔr,dor /

noun
You walk through this when you go in a room

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

slope

US / sləʊp /

•

UK / sloʊp /

noun
Angle of a decline, e.g. where a road dips down
Surface on which people can ski
verb
To have one end that is not as high as the other

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

commander

US / kəˈmɑ:ndə(r) /

•

UK / kəˈmændə(r) /

noun
Person with authority who commands or controls

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

suffering

US / ˈsʌfərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌfərɪŋ, ˈsʌfrɪŋ /

noun
Experience of pain, illness or injury
verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

treasure

US / 'treʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɛʒɚ /

noun
Valuable things collected, and often hidden
Someone or something that is worth a lot
verb
To value something you keep very much
To take great care of because you love/value it

commodity

US / kə'mɒdətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmɑdɪti /

noun
Something useful or valuable, usually for sale

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

die

US / daɪ /

•

UK / daɪ /

noun
Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
verb
To cease to function or work
(Of a thing) to stop being used or done
(Of a person) to stop living

multinational

US / ˌmʌltiˈnæʃnəl /

•

UK / ˌmʌltiˈnæʃənəl, -ˈnæʃnəl, -taɪ- /

adjecitve
Involving many countries
noun
Company with branches in many countries

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

mutilation

US / ˌmju:tɪ'leɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmju:tɪ'leɪʃn /

noun
Injury that causes disfigurement

incredible

US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

adjecitve
Very good; amazing
Really good; amazing; great
Very hard to believe

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

rebel

US / 'rebl /

•

UK / rɪˈbɛl /

noun
Person who fights against established government
Person who insists on doing things their way
verb
To fight against an established government/power
To resist and fight against existing authority

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

preventable

US / prɪ'ventəbl /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛntəbl: /

adjecitve
Being capable of being stopped from happening

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

meagre

US / ˈmiːɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmiːɡər /

adjecitve
Very small in amount; less than what is needed

luck

US / lʌk /

•

UK / lʌk /

noun
Accidental way things happen, often good things

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

fuel

US / 'fju:əl /

•

UK / ˈfjuəl /

noun
Material used to produce heat or power when burned
verb
To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
To provide gas or petrol for something

investigator

US / ɪnˈvestɪgeɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡetɚ /

noun
Someone who finds information about something

prohibit

US / prə'hɪbɪt /

•

UK / proˈhɪbɪt /

verb
To make something impossible
To prevent, forbid to use or do something

sight

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Things or people that one can see
Range or distance that someone can see
Famous places often visited by tourists
Sense that allows you to see
Act of seeing someone or something
verb
To aim (a gun) at something to get your range
To see something rare or unusual

yours

US / jɔ:z /

•

UK / jʊrz, jɔrz, jorz /

pronoun
Something the other person has

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

refugee

US / ˌrefjuˈdʒi: /

•

UK / ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi /

noun
Person forced to leave their home e.g. due to war

scrape

US / skreɪp /

•

UK / skrep /

noun
Bad or unpleasant incident
other
To move roughly across the surface of something
verb
To take something off a surface with a sharp tool
To damage the surface by moving something roughly
To remove something by roughly brushing it off

camp

US / kæmp /

•

UK / kæmp /

noun
A (military) base
Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
Place where people live for a short time in tents
verb
To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

fighter

US / ˈfaɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪtɚ /

noun
Something or someone that fights

bury

US / 'berɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɛri /

verb
To put something into the ground and cover it

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

rubber

US / 'rʌbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrʌbɚ /

noun
Material used to make tires, etc.

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

pastor

US / 'pɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpæstɚ /

noun
Minister in charge of a Christian church or group

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

lump

US / lʌmp /

•

UK / lʌmp /

noun
Small swollen mass in body, e.g. showing disease
A small hard part of something smooth
verb
To combine things together in a group

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

liberate

US / 'lɪbəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪbəˌret /

verb
To free someone or something that was captured

chop

US / tʃɒp /

•

UK / tʃɑp /

noun
A hit with the hand in a sideways motion
Thick slice of meat still attached to a bone
verb
To cut into pieces with an up and down motion
To hit someone with your hand

sweep

US / swi:p /

•

UK / swip /

noun
Man who cleans chimneys
Act of cleaning a surface with a brush
Long, smooth movement made with your arm or a tool
Movement or search that covers a large area
verb
To clean something from a surface with a brush
To move or pass quickly and steadily
To search a very wide area for something

disease

US / dɪˈzi:z /

•

UK / dɪˈziz /

noun
Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

warlord

US / 'wɔ:lɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈwɔrˌlɔrd /

noun
Military leader having civil power, as during war

commandeer

US / ˌkɒmənˈdɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:mənˈdɪr /

verb
To take something by force or without permission

belief

US / bɪˈli:f /

•

UK / bɪˈlif /

noun
Being sure that something exists or is true
Trust in an idea or set of ideas
A particular opinion about something

brother

US / ˈbrʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbrʌðɚ /

noun
A boy or man who shares a parent with you

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

armed

US / ɑ:md /

•

UK / ɑːrmd /

adjecitve
Having weapons ready to use against others
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

africa

US / 'æfrɪkə /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkə /

noun
Continent between the Atlantic and Indian oceans

sheer

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

adjecitve
(Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
(Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
adverb
Straight up and down; steeply
verb
To suddenly turn or change direction

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

copper

US / 'kɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɑpɚ /

noun
Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires

mingle

US / ˈmɪŋgl /

•

UK / ˈmɪŋɡəl /

verb
To mix or come into contact, as people at a party

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

Subtitles section

Gold fever's struck again.

This time it's not some fabulous El Dorado in South America or the wild, wild west of the United States.

It's happening in the heart of Africa, in Congo.

Hundreds of thousands of dirt-poor Africans have been swept up in the madness, hoping to make their fortunes.

A truly awesome sight.

In great man-made craters, on mountainsides, in the rivers, wherever you turn, it's on for young and old.

A huge mass of people digging, panning, scratching for gold.

But behind the spectacle, there's a dark side to this gold rush, a terrible curse which should make us all sit up and take notice.

Deep in the Congo forest, about as far off the beaten track as you get, columns of desperate men and women are in search of buried treasure.

It's truly amazing to see what human sweat, muscle and determination can achieve.

Congo is one of the richest countries in the world.

It has gold, it has diamonds, it has copper, it has cobalt, it has uranium.

You name it, Congo has it.

The most sought after is gold.

But the Congo's immense natural wealth is also its tragedy.

An industry based on terrible suffering and virtual slavery.

Workers dig gargantuan holes, divert rivers, even move mountains, all by hand.

But after all their backbreaking efforts, they'll see a pittance.

The lion's share goes into the pockets of violent warlords and a motley cast of crooks and smugglers.

And Australians may be unwittingly supporting it all.

This is how it's done here in the Congo.

An estimated 1.5 million men and women working away in mines like this.

The dirt poor, toiling, sweating for their rich masters.

The problem is there is no way of knowing if the gold that comes out of a mine like this is the same stuff that's for sale in your local jewellery shop.

We are part of Congo's problem.

We purchase these commodities.

Gold is not being sold in the shops in Congo.

It's being sold in places where Western people live, in markets where we go and buy it for the rings on our finger or the jewellery in our ears.

Annika van Woudenberg is the lead African investigator for Human Rights Watch.

What we in fact discovered was the armed groups were making roughly $60 million a year.

She calls it the curse of gold.

Another chapter in a long and blood-soaked history.

When I look at Congo 100 years ago, there at that time it was a place that was used for its ivory and its rubber.

Forced labour, people's hands being chopped off if they didn't actually produce the amount of rubber that they needed to produce for the colonial administrators.

Today it's gold, but the abuses are often very similar and the suffering is very much the same.

Amidst the suffering, most people cling to strong Christian beliefs, another inheritance from colonialism.

Pastor Marion Podongo ministers to hordes of desperate miners.

Is the gold rush good for the Congo or bad for the Congo?

I think it's a good deal.

People are doing nothing here, so I think if somebody can at least work, and get money from what he's doing, that's very good.

Well, they're certainly working.

They work incredibly hard, as we can see.

Yeah, it's hard work, I know.

And it's dangerous work.

We watched men on a sheer, shifting slope trying to clear a landslide from a few days before.

Pastor, these miners up here are really living life on the edge there, aren't they?

Yes.

You know, the miners are very, very brave men.

You know, they can't even get scared of all these things.

Brave or desperate?

I don't know how I can...

Maybe I can say they are very crazy, because this is very...

I know this is very dangerous, you know.

Even for me, I cannot go and sit down there.

It's very risky.

High risk, but for the workers themselves, little return.

A lot of miners work for nothing more than a bucket of dirt at the end of the day.

If there's gold in it, they can keep it.

At best, they can earn a few dollars a day.

Men, women and children toil just to keep food on the table.

For all your digging and sifting today, have you found any gold?

For today, I haven't got any gold.

Not this woman has three children, including the baby.

I will still work again tomorrow, because that's the only job I have.

And that's how I can get my food.

All over again.

Good luck.

Hear a lot about blood diamonds, but here in Congo, it's blood gold.

The gold plays a deadly role, because it fuels a war that's been going on in this country for more than a decade, delivering pain and suffering, and as you can see, leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless.

And the remarkable thing is, we hear almost nothing about it.

I don't understand why Congo's not on the front pages of our newspapers, why it's not every day on the evening news.

5.4 million people have died since 1998.

It is the deadliest war in the world since the Second World War, and most people don't even know about it.

The

War started in this former Belgian colony after the genocide next door in Rwanda in 1994.

800,000 people were massacred.

The killers fled across the border to Congo and commandeered the gold mines, setting off a complex and bloodthirsty civil war.

The killings go on to this day, and the effects are heartbreaking.

At one crowded orphanage, we met more than 100 children who'd lost their parents to the fighting, including these two brothers.

They killed all the people in the village, but they found the two boys among the dead bodies after three days.

After the three days.

So the boys had sat with their parents for three days while they were dead?

Yes, among the dead bodies.

How many people have you killed?

Even 20 died when I was fighting.

At least 20?

How many have you killed?

Me, around 10 at least.

Two of the rebel fighters agreed to meet us in a cemetery.

They told us their commanders forced them to fight and work in the gold mines or be killed themselves.

If we didn't want to do it, if we refused, they will tie you to a tree and then...

Pow!

Shoot you.

The rebels have also waged another war, a war of rape and mutilation against Congo's women.

The victims number in the hundreds of thousands.

We were told that in this refugee camp, eight out of every 10 women had been raped.

How many women have you raped?

Women.

Women or girls?

One was 19 years old and another one was 17 years old.

Are you ashamed of that?

The aid

Workers say that for every one person killed in combat in this forgotten war, about 70 others die because of it.

Many are children who succumb to preventable diseases.

In this tiny coffin is the body of a young child who contracted malaria.

It's a great paradox, one of the richest countries in the world for resources with some of the poorest people.

It is what is, of course, so surprising to many Congolese people and what I think eats away at them.

They know that they actually live in this incredibly rich country and yet they're cursed by those very resources.

So many of the armed groups and the foreign armies come into Congo searching for those commodities, wanting to get rich, and the Congolese people just suffer.

It's taken years, but the Congolese army is slowly turning the tide on the rebels.

Mbwalu, Congo's gold capital, was recently liberated, so it's safe for me to move around here.

It's where miners come to splurge their meagre earnings.

Then it's back to the mines to find more gold.

Where are you taking me to now, Pastor?

We are going to the gold mine where people are moving under the ground for some two, three, four, five kilometres.

They can even walk for over five kilometres, like 10 kilometres, even 20, deep inside there.

And you know it's very dangerous.

They work a long-abandoned network of fragile tunnels built by the Belgians, chiselling away the mountain from inside out, rock by rock.

Some can even spend more than one day, even three, four, five, six days under the ground.

They cook down there, they eat down there, they spend the whole night there and days down there for three, four, five, six days.

Without coming out?

Without coming out.

Breaking rocks.

Oh!

You have this on your back all day?

All day?

All day like that?

Oh!

It's all yours.

But perhaps most perilous is the processing.

Once the rocks are ground to dust, just take a look at how they extract the gold.

That's mercury, the deadly toxic heavy metal which binds the particles of gold into a tiny lump and is then burned away.

Using mercury like this is prohibited around the world, but no-one has told the miners here.

I just saw these men pour the mercury into their hands, straight into the pores of their skin, before it went into the powder.

Yeah, yeah, they do that.

They don't know about mercury poisoning?

No, no, no.

They are ignorant about that.

Every Monday, the miners bring their hard-won treasures to the gold market.

And this is the great tragedy of Congo on display.

Warlords, conmen and traitors mingling with desperate miners trying to scrape together a living.

From here, it's smuggled to a world largely oblivious to its origins.

And the people who worked so hard to find it will go out again and find some more.

We find it's the importers and the exporters who profit, and of course it's the large multinational companies who purchase this and who sell it on who profit.

It's not the people of Congo.

I think what's incredible about Congo is the ability of its people to go on despite all of this.

The joy, the creativity.

I think we have a lot to learn from the Congolese who live in a way that would be unimaginable for us, but yet they do and they come through.

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