Channel

Animation and Film

Autos and Vehicles

Music Videos

Pets and Animals

Sports

Travel & Events

Gaming

People and Blogs

Comedy

Entertainment

News and Politics

How to And Style

Education

Science And Technology

NonProfit & Activism

Others

Subtitles section

No translation

x 1.0

	Shortcuts	Functions
1	Space	Pause/Play video
2	Right arrow	Next subtitle
3	Left arrow	Previous subtitle
4	r	Repeat sentence

Alberta launches ad campaign against Ottawa's draft clean electricity regulations

Original YouTube Video | CBCNews Published on 2023-09-28 Level：69 Speed：78 maxwordlevel：29

#affordability #Alberta #Ottawa

Video vocabulary

aspect

US / 'æspekt /

•

UK / ˈæspɛkt /

noun
Way something looks or seems to be
An element, feature, or quality of something

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

shine

US / ʃaɪn /

•

UK / ʃaɪn /

noun
Act of using a polish to clean shoes
verb
To point a light in a certain direction
To make something clean by using a polish
To make or produce a bright light

musk

US / mʌsk /

•

UK / mʌsk /

noun
Strong sweet-smelling substance used in perfume

treat

US / tri:t /

•

UK / trit /

noun
Something you buy for others as a surprise present
something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
verb
To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
To act in a certain way toward someone

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

electricity

US / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti /

•

UK / ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti,ˌilɛk- /

noun
Energy generated positive and negative charges

enrich

US / ɪn'rɪtʃ /

•

UK / ɛnˈrɪtʃ /

verb
To make someone or something better
To make someone wealthier; make a life happier

handcuff

US / ˈhændkʌf /

•

UK / ˈhændˌkʌf /

noun
Police object used to restrain hands of criminals

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

stability

US / stəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / stəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality or state of being even or consistent

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

constitution

US / ˌkɔnstiˈtju:ʃən /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju- /

noun
Statement of fundamental principles of a country
Condition of your health
Different parts that make something

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

jurisdiction

US / ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn /

•

UK / ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn /

noun
Specific area of legal authority

realistic

US / ˌri:əˈlɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌriəˈlɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Looks or appears real; like things really are

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

unabated

US / ˌʌnəˈbeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnəˈbetɪd /

adjecitve
Continuing at full strength or intensity

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

construct

US / kənˈstrʌkt /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkt /

noun
A thought, theory or hypothesis
verb
To build or create something
To create a sentence, story, argument or theory

consultation

US / ˌkɒnslˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnsəlˈteʃən /

noun
Meeting with a doctor or specialist to get advice
A discussion between people to make a decision

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

generator

US / ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌretɚ /

noun
Machine that produces electrical power

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

january

US / ˈdʒænjuəri /

•

UK / ˈdʒænjueri /

noun
1st month of the year

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

pave

US / peɪv /

•

UK / pev /

verb
To build a hard even surface for traveling on

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

unreasonable

US / ʌnˈri:znəbl /

•

UK / ʌnˈrizənəbəl /

adjecitve
Being too high, or otherwise inappropriate
Having unfair or unrealistic expectations
Excessive; immoderate; exorbitant

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

ontario

US / ɒn'teərɪəʊ /

•

UK / ɑ:n'terɪoʊ /

proper noun
A province in eastern Canada, between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes; population 12,160,282 (2006);
A commercial city in southwestern California, east of Los Angeles; population 171,691 (est. 2008).

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

poverty

US / ˈpɔvəti /

•

UK / ˈpɑvəti /

noun
State of being poor
Lack of something necessary

surprised

US / səˈpraɪzd /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzd /

adjecitve
Feeling a shock when something unexpected happens
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

hesitation

US / ˌhezɪ'teɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌhɛzɪˈteʃən /

noun
Indecision or unwillingness to do something

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

message

US / 'mesɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɛsɪdʒ /

noun
Main idea or theme in a story, book, or film
Piece of information that is told/given to someone
verb
To communicate using text

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

won

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn, won /

verb
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

disruptive

US / dɪsˈrʌptɪv /

•

UK / dɪsˈrʌptɪv /

adjecitve
Causing trouble; disturbing a class, etc.

labrador

US / 'læbrədɔ:(r) /

•

UK / 'læbrədɔ:r /

noun
A retriever of a breed that predominantly has a black or yellow coat, widely used as a gun dog or as
proper noun
A coastal region of eastern Canada, which forms the mainland part of the province of Newfoundland an

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

elon

US / /

•

UK / /

employment

US / ɪmˈplɔɪmənt /

•

UK / ɛmˈplɔɪmənt /

adjecitve
Concerning the number of people who are in work
noun
The state of being in work or having a job

legislation

US / ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən /

noun
Act or process of writing and passing laws

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

pension

US / ˈpenʃn /

•

UK / ˈpɛnʃən /

noun
Regular payments you receive after you retire

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

spring

US / sprɪŋ /

•

UK / sprɪŋ /

noun
Coil of metal that lessens impact, e.g. on cars
Sudden jump from one place to another
The time when plants start growing after winter
Place where water flows from beneath the ground
verb
To lessen the impact of something under pressure
To jump into the air

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

assure

US / əˈʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / əˈʃʊr /

verb
To confirm; state with certainty something is so
To make sure that something happens

baseload

US / 'beɪsləʊd /

•

UK / 'beɪsloʊd /

noun
The permanent minimum load that a power supply system is required to deliver.

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

particular

US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /

adjecitve
One specific (one)
Having firm ideas about what is desirable
Being special or more than is typical

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

invade

US / ɪnˈveɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈved /

verb
To enter something causing a harmful result

minus

US / ˈmaɪnəs /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnəs /

adjecitve
Being close to the bottom of a letter grade
noun
Negative quality; disadvantage
Sign that indicates subtraction
preposition
Being less than zero in number
Used when subtracting one number from another
verb
To take one number away from another; subtract

press

US / pres /

•

UK / prɛs /

noun
Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
General term for TV, radio, newspapers
A machine that prints books and newspapers
verb
To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
To repeatedly ask someone to do something
To print something such as a book or newspaper
To push something against something else
To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

collaboratively

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
So as to complete a task by working with others

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

propose

US / prə'pəʊz /

•

UK / prəˈpoz /

verb
To make an offer of marriage
To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

sequestration

US / ˌsi:kwə'streɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsikwɪˈstreʃən, ˌsɛkwɪ- /

noun
Act of sequestering or keeping separate

affordable

US / ə'fɔ:dəbl /

•

UK / əˈfɔrdəbəl, əˈfor- /

adjecitve
Cheap enough that it can be paid for

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

investigate

US / ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet /

verb
To try to find out facts; to carry out research

lng

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
Liquefied natural gas.

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

reliability

US / rɪˌlaɪə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
A quality that makes something dependable

version

US / ˈvə:ʃən /

•

UK / ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Different way that someone interprets something
New or different form of something
An updated form of some software

coal

US / kəʊl /

•

UK / kol /

noun
Dark hard substance from the earth burnt as a fuel

agency

US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

noun
Business that provides some service for others

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

knock

US / nɒk /

•

UK / nɑk /

noun
Bad experience that reduces a person's confidence
Action of something solid hitting something hard
verb
To criticize someone in an unreasonable way
To hit something to get people's attention
To strike something hard, causing damage

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

pollution

US / pəˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / pəˈluʃən /

noun
Dangerous substances released into an environment

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

extraction

US / ɪkˈstrækʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrækʃən /

noun
Process of taking something out of something else
Country, region from which a person or family came

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

reduction

US / rɪ'dʌkʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈdʌkʃən /

noun
Act of making something smaller
Amount that a price is decreased by

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

battle

US / 'bætl /

•

UK / ˈbætl /

noun
Military fight between armies
Working hard to stop something; struggle
verb
To fight or struggle against someone or something
To work hard to stop something; struggle

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

nova

US / 'nəʊvə /

•

UK / ˈnovə /

noun
A star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the proce

obligation

US / ˌɒblɪ'ɡeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑblɪˈɡeʃən /

noun
Duty to be done because of a law, rule or promise
other
Fact of being forced morally to do something

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

close

US / kləʊz /

•

UK / kloʊz /

adjecitve
Almost; near
(Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
Being near or related
Similar; nearly the same
verb
To come progressively nearer to something
To end; to bring to an end
To make something shut; stop from being open

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

wealth

US / welθ /

•

UK / wɛlθ /

noun
Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
Great quantity, amount, or number of something

contributor

US / kənˈtrɪbjətə(r) /

•

UK / kən'trɪbjʊtə /

noun
Someone who gives money to cause, charity

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

grid

US / ɡrɪd /

•

UK / ɡrɪd /

noun
Electrical network supplying electricity to area
Metal structure with bars used to cover a hole
Pattern made up of lines and small squares

responsibility

US / rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Job, task or thing you are expected to look after
A thing to be done because it is morally correct
State of being dependable or reliable

violation

US / ˌvaɪə'leɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌvaɪəˈleʃən /

noun
Abuse, damage or total disregard
Act of failing to obey a rule or law

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

otherwise

US / ˈʌðəwaiz /

•

UK / ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz /

adverb
In an additional or different way
Unless; or

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

bet

US / bet /

•

UK / bet /

noun
Act of gambling money on the result of a race etc.
verb
To gamble money to win more money, e.g. on horses

arbitrary

US / ˈɑ:bitrəri /

•

UK / ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri /

adjecitve
(Of decisions) unsupported; without any evidence

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

section

US / 'sekʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛkʃən /

noun
A part of a whole
Specific area or region within a larger place
Specific group of people from a larger group
Part of a book, newspaper, etc.
verb
To divide something into smaller parts

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

consistently

US / kən'sɪstəntlɪ /

•

UK / kənˈsɪstəntlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that is the same almost every time

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

innovation

US / ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnəˈveʃən /

noun
Process of creating new ideas or inventions

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

asset

US / 'æset /

•

UK / ˈæsˌɛt /

noun
Thing that has value to you

oppose

US / əˈpəʊz /

•

UK / əˈpoʊz /

verb
To fight against someone in a contest or game

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

solar

US / 'səʊlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsolɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the sun, or its heat

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

blackout

US / 'blækaʊt /

•

UK / ˈblækˌaʊt /

noun
When the electric power is off; outage

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

pushback

US / 'pʊʃbæk /

•

UK / 'pʊʃbæk /

other
An effort to resist or reverse the effects of a previous action

pore

US / pɔ:(r) /

•

UK / pɔr, por /

noun
Small hole on skin, etc. allowing liquid to pass

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

supreme

US / su:ˈpri:m /

•

UK / sʊˈprim /

adjecitve
Greatest in degree/nature/quality; absolute best
Holding the highest power, status or authority

reliance

US / rɪˈlaɪəns /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəns /

noun
State of being dependent on something for help

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

british

US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of British

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

premier

US / 'premɪə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈmɪr,-ˈmjɪr,ˈprimɪr /

adjecitve
Being the most influential, important, or best
noun
Prime minister of a country
verb
To show/be shown for the first time (of film, etc.)

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

brownout

US / 'braʊnaʊt /

•

UK / 'braʊnˌaʊt /

noun
A reduction in or restriction on the availability of electrical power in a particular area.

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

smith

US / smɪθ /

•

UK / smɪθ /

noun
Someone who works hot metal to make things
Someone who works hot metal by hammering it
other
Religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in
Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in )
Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade
Someone who works at something specified

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

dual

US / ˈdju:əl /

•

UK / ˈdu:əl /

adjecitve
(Of two similar things) existing/used side by side

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

landowner

US / ˈlændəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlændˌonɚ /

noun
Holder or proprietor of land

pipeline

US / ˈpaɪplaɪn /

•

UK / ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn /

noun
Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
verb
To send through a series of pipes

sun

US / sʌn /

•

UK / sʌn /

noun
Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
Hot shining star the Earth moves around
verb
To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

blow

US / bləʊ /

•

UK / blo /

noun
Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
Act of making air come out of your mouth
A hit or strike from an object
verb
To move something using air
To make air come quickly out of your mouth
To clear something by forcing air through it

affordability

US / əˌfɔːdəˈbɪlɪti /

•

UK / əˌfɔrdəˈbɪləti /

noun
Cheap enough to buy something you want

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

honest

US / ˈɒnɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪst /

adjecitve
Good, truthful, sincere, or faithful; trustworthy

instance

US / 'ɪnstəns /

•

UK / ˈɪnstəns /

noun
An example of something; case
verb
To give as an example of something else

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

trunk

US / trʌŋk /

•

UK / trʌŋk /

noun
Long nose of an elephant
Trunks shorts worn for swimming
Strong box/chest/container, as for traveling
Main thick and woody stem of a tree

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

sector

US / ˈsektə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛktɚ, -ˌtɔr /

noun
Part that a place is divided into
Area; type of industry or business

scotia

US / 'skəʊʃə /

•

UK / 'skoʊʃə /

noun
(chiefly in classical architecture) a concave molding, especially at the base of a column.

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

constitutional

US / ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju- /

adjecitve
Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
Regarding the basic health, character of a person

license

US / ˈlaɪsns /

•

UK / ˈlaɪsəns /

noun
Freedom to do what you want or act as you want
verb
To give official permission to do something

quebec

US / kwɪ'bek /

•

UK / kwɪ'bek /

proper noun
A heavily forested province in eastern Canada; population 7,546,131 (2006). Settled by the French in
A code word representing the letter Q, used in radio communication.

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

subsection

US / ˈsʌbsekʃn /

•

UK / ˈsʌbsekʃn /

noun
A part of something already divided

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

smoke

US / sməʊk /

•

UK / smoʊk /

noun
Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
verb
To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
To add a taste to food by putting it near a fire
To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

transition

US / trænˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / trænˈzɪʃən, -ˈsɪʃ- /

noun
Change from one state, movement, place to another
verb
To change state, movement, place, or subject

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

timeline

US / 'taɪmlaɪn /

•

UK / 'taɪmlaɪn /

noun
Sequence of related events arranged in time order

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

exercise

US / 'eksəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

noun
Physical activity to increase health and strength
Set of questions in a text book
verb
To work out to become stronger and healthier
To retain your ability or practice your skills

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

megawatt

US / ˈmegəwɒt /

•

UK / ˈmeɡəwɑːt /

noun
1,000,000 watts; unit of electric energy

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

declare

US / dɪ'kleə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈklɛr /

verb
To make a statement in a strong and confident way
To show the cost of things purchased overseas
To say something in an official or sure way

global

US / ˈgləʊbl /

•

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

adjecitve
Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

timeframe

US / taɪmfreɪm /

•

UK / taɪmfreɪm /

noun
Expected beginning and end of a period

backup

US / ˈbækʌp /

•

UK / ˈbækˌʌp /

noun
Making additional copies of your computer data

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

carbon

US / 'kɑ:bən /

•

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

noun
Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

meantime

US / ˈmi:ntaɪm /

•

UK / ˈminˌtaɪm /

noun
For the present; for a while

modular

US / 'mɒdjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑdʒəlɚ /

adjecitve
Constructed with standardized units or dimensions

peak

US / pi:k /

•

UK / pik /

noun
Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
The very top of a mountain
State when something is at its best
Time or point when the highest level occurs
verb
To reach the highest or best point

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

alienate

US / 'eɪlɪəneɪt /

•

UK / ˈeljəˌnet, ˈeliə- /

verb
To make someone feel they are not part of a group

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

regulation

US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

noun
Act of controlling something with rules or orders
other

achievable

US / ə'tʃi:vəbl /

•

UK / ə'tʃi:vəbl /

adjecitve
Possible to be done; that can be achieved

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

exclusive

US / ɪk'sklu:sɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪv /

adjecitve
Being available only to people with a lot of money
Available to only a particular person, group

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

storage

US / ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈstɔrɪdʒ, ˈstor- /

noun
Act of storing something; a depository for goods

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

draft

US / drɑ:ft /

•

UK / dræft /

noun
Withdrawal of money from the bank
System for selecting people to join the military
Method of selecting players for sports teams
Cold wind coming through a door or window
First attempt at a piece of writing
verb
To order people to join the army in time of war
To select people for a task or team
To write something that will be edited later

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

ourselves

US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

•

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

pronoun
(Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

slap

US / slæp /

•

UK / slæp /

verb
To hit with the open hand or with a flat object

weather

US / 'weðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɛðɚ /

noun
Whether it is raining, sunny, cold etc. outside
verb
To successfully deal with a difficult situation
To erode or become damaged due to the environment

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

absence

US / ˈæbsəns /

•

UK / ˈæbsəns /

noun
State of not being present, or not existing

avatar

US / 'ævətɑ:(r) /

•

UK / 'ævətɑ:r /

noun
An online character that represents who you are

disadvantageous

US / ˌdɪsædvənˈteɪdʒəs /

•

UK / ˌdɪsædvənˈteɪdʒəs /

adjecitve
Bringing difficulties with it; not helpful

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

withdraw

US / wɪð'drɔ: /

•

UK / wɪðˈdrɔ, wɪθ- /

verb
To take money out of a bank account
To pull back; move away or backward from something
To remove something from its place or position
To stop taking a strong, usually illegal, drug
To take something back that was given or offered

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

thick

US / θɪk /

•

UK / θɪk /

adjecitve
Difficult to see through, as fog
Full of (people, etc.)
(Of a liquid) that moves or pours slowly
Stupid; not smart
(Of person's accent) hard to understand
Having a large distance between two surfaces

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

align

US / əˈlaɪn /

•

UK / əˈlaɪn /

verb
To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

province

US / 'prɒvɪns /

•

UK / ˈprɑvɪns /

noun
Subject that a person has a good knowledge of
Area a country is divided into outside the capital

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

advocate

US / 'ædvəkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈædvəˌket /

noun
A lawyer who protects a clients interests
Person who supports a movement for changes
verb
To request change
To publicly support a belief

exciting

US / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

adjecitve
Creating interest, happiness or pleasurable fear
verb
To cause a reaction; make active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

secure

US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

adjecitve
Being attached to something tightly and surely
(Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
verb
To get or achieve something with certainty
To firmly attach something to something else
To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

randy

US / 'rændɪ /

•

UK / ˈrændi /

adjecitve
Wanting to have sex (often)

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

wildfire

US / ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldˌfaɪr /

noun
Raging and rapidly spreading large fire

doug

US / dʌg /

•

UK / dʌg /

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

phase

US / feɪz /

•

UK / fez /

noun
Different stages of the moon from new to full
Distinct part or step in a process
One stage of a process or series of stages
verb
To make happen in a gradual ordered way

regulator

US / ˈregjuleɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌletɚ /

noun
Device controlling the amount, speed, or level
Official who makes sure rules are followed

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

boundary

US / 'baʊndrɪ /

•

UK / ˈbaʊndəri, -dri /

noun
A division or border to separate two areas

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

incarceration

US / ɪnˌkɑ:sə'reɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˌkɑ:sə'reɪʃn /

noun
Act of putting in prison

requirement

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

noun
A demand that someone does something
Something that is a necessity

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

winter

US / ˈwɪntə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪntɚ /

adjecitve
(Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
noun
Time or season of idleness or decay
Coldest season of the year
verb
To spend the cold months at a certain place

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

arrangement

US / əˈreɪndʒmənt /

•

UK / əˈrendʒmənt /

noun
Particular design of a device
Piece of music written for a particular instrument
Group of things organized in a particular way
Organized plan, event for a time and place
Action done in order for something to happen

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

generous

US / ˈdʒenərəs /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəs /

adjecitve
Giving or ready to give freely
(Of an amount) larger than usual; lavish

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

operator

US / ˈɒpəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪtə(r) /

noun
Someone who operates or controls a machine
Person whose job it is to connect phone calls

unfair

US / ˌʌnˈfeə(r) /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈfer /

adjecitve
not treating people in an equal way, or not morally right

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

abate

US / əˈbeɪt /

•

UK / əˈbet /

verb
To become less intense; decrease in amount

daniel

US / 'dænjəl /

•

UK / 'dænjəl /

noun
(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection w
other
A wise and upright judge
An Old Testament book that tells of the apocalyptic visions and the experiences of Daniel in the cou

demonstrate

US / 'demənstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /

verb
To display a feeling or ability openly
To protest about something often as a group
To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
To show how something works (e.g. product)

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

nobody

US / ˈnəʊbədi /

•

UK / ˈnoʊbədi /

pronoun
No person; no one; not any person

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

zero

US / ˈzɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊ /

noun
Temperature when water turns to ice
number
Number 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

conference

US / ˈkɒnfərəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfərəns, -frəns /

noun
Series of lectures held as an event
An association of US sports teams

deployment

US / dɪ'plɔɪmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈplɔɪmənt /

noun
Distribution of forces before battle or work

freeze

US / fri:z /

•

UK / friz /

noun
Sudden stop to prevent increase or decreases
Period of very cold weather under zero degrees
verb
To harden to a solid below zero degrees
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

pessimistic

US / ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Having negative feelings about the future

pleasure

US / 'pleʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈplɛʒɚ /

noun
Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

fossil

US / 'fɒsl /

•

UK / ˈfɑsəl /

noun
Plant or animal that became rock after many years

neutral

US / ˈnju:trəl /

•

UK / ˈnu:trəl /

adjecitve
Something with pH value of 7
Having no positive or negative electrical charge
Not supporting either side in a war, etc.
Not taking either side in a debate; not involved
noun
Color that is dull and not bright, such as gray
The rest position for gears in a car or vehicle
Person/country not supporting a side in a war, etc.

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

slippage

US / ˈslɪpɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈslɪpɪdʒ /

noun
Act of slipping or sliding

billboard

US / ˈbɪlbɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈbɪlbɔ:rd /

noun
Large outdoor signboard with an ad on it

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

export

US / ˈekspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈekspɔ:rt /

noun
When goods are sold to another country
verb
To send goods to be sold in another country

ceo

US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

•

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

abbreviation
CEO for Chief Operating Officer

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

planet

US / 'plænɪt /

•

UK / ˈplænɪt /

noun
One of the bodies that orbit the sun

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

concerned

US / kənˈsɜ:nd /

•

UK / kənˈsə:nd /

adjecitve
Worried or anxious
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

brunswick

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A former duchy and state in central Germany, mostly incorporated into Lower Saxony.
A town in southwestern Maine, home to Bowdoin College; population 21,720 (est. 2008).

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

supplementary

US / ˌsʌplɪˈmentri /

•

UK / ˌsʌplɪˈmentri /

adjecitve
Functioning in a supporting capacity

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

fuel

US / 'fju:əl /

•

UK / ˈfjuəl /

noun
Material used to produce heat or power when burned
verb
To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
To provide gas or petrol for something

ford

US / fɔ:d /

•

UK / fɔ:rd /

noun
A shallow area in a stream that can be forded
other
Cross a river where it's shallow
Grandson of Henry Ford
Son of Henry Ford
Act of crossing a stream or river by wading or in a car or on a horse

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

imbalance

US / ɪm'bæləns /

•

UK / ɪmˈbæləns /

noun
A lack of equality so two things are not equal

hydrocarbon

US / ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən /

•

UK / ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:rbən /

noun
Organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

unconstitutional

US / ˌʌnˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

•

UK / ˌʌnˌkɑ:nstəˈtu:ʃənl /

adjecitve
Not consistent with or according to a constitution

distribute

US / dɪˈstrɪbju:t /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɪbjut /

verb
To hand out or give to people
To send products to stores to sell
To spread something over an area

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

equalization

US / ˌiːkwəlaɪˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌiːkwələˈzeɪʃn /

noun
Act of making equal or uniform

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

elect

US / ɪ'lekt /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkt /

verb
To select someone for a position by voting

credibility

US / ˌkredəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality of being believable or deserving of trust

emission

US / iˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈmɪʃən /

noun
A substance (e.g. gas) released into the air

imprison

US / ɪm'prɪzn /

•

UK / ɪmˈprɪzən /

verb
To put someone (e.g. a criminal) in prison

occur

US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈkɚ /

verb
To come to pass or to happen

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

mandate

US / 'mændeɪt /

•

UK / ˈmænˌdet /

noun
Official command or order
verb
To order that something is done

intend

US / ɪnˈtend /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /

verb
To plan or want to do something

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

warm

US / wɔ:m /

•

UK / wɔrm /

adjecitve
Friendly, sincere and kind to others
Being friendly or sincere
Slightly hot; not very hot
verb
To become more friendly or to like something
To make something hotter

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

confederation

US / kənˌfedəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / kənˌfɛdəˈreʃən /

noun
Union of political organizations

door

US / dɔ:(r) /

•

UK / dɔr,dor /

noun
You walk through this when you go in a room

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

wind

US / wɪnd /

•

UK / wɪnd /

adjecitve
(Musical instruments) that you blow into to play
noun
A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
Something that has influence
verb
If a road, path, or river winds, it follows a route that turns repeatedly in different directions
To turn or cause something to turn
To twist around something

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

industrial

US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

adjecitve
Concerning making things in factories

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

reliable

US / rɪˈlaɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being likely to be true; believable
Deserving of your trust; dependable

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

consumption

US / kənˈsʌmpʃn /

•

UK / kənˈsʌmpʃən /

noun
The act of buying and using products
The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
A serious disease of the lungs

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

entitle

US / ɪnˈtaɪtl /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪtl /

verb
To make you eligible to hold a title
To give a right (of getting benefits) to someone

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

spirit

US / 'spɪrɪt /

•

UK / ˈspɪrɪt /

noun
Person's strong determination or attitude
Unique qualities of person, place, or time
Part of a person thought to be moved by religion
Appearance or sense of a dead person
verb
To take someone away as if by magic

columbia

US / kə'lʌmbɪə /

•

UK / kə'lʌmbi:ə /

noun
A North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form t

correct

US / kə'rekt /

•

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

adjecitve
Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
True or accurate
verb
To fix a problem
To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
To punish in order to improve

intermittent

US / ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt /

•

UK / ˌɪntɚˈmɪtnt /

adjecitve
Occurring at irregular times; off and on

pace

US / peɪs /

•

UK / pes /

noun
Rate of speed at which something moves or happens
Single step, often used to measure a distance
verb
To set and control your speed, as in a race
To walk with slow purposeful steps

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

green

US / gri:n /

•

UK / ɡrin /

adjecitve
Color of young leaves
Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
Concerned about protecting the environment
The color of young leaves
Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
noun
Large grassy area
used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

consumer

US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

noun
Person who buys goods or services

criminal

US / ˈkrɪmɪnl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪmənəl /

adjecitve
Involving illegal activity; relating to crime
Not justifiable; shameful
noun
Person who commits a crime

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

instability

US / ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Condition of being changeable

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

stroke

US / strəʊk /

•

UK / strok /

noun
When blood cannot get to brain, causing damage
Mark made by a pen, pencil or brush
One movement of oars on a boat
verb
To rub your hand in a caring way on something

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

setback

US / 'setbæk /

•

UK / ˈsɛtˌbæk /

noun
Unfortunate happening that hinders or frustrates

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

express

US / ɪk'spres /

•

UK / ɪkˈsprɛs /

adjecitve
Sent by a fast mail service
Traveling at high speed
noun
Fast train or bus
verb
To send something by fast mail
To state or show what you think or how you feel

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

nuclear

US / ˈnju:kliə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving the center of an atom

newfoundland

US / ˌnju:fəndˈlænd /

•

UK / ˈnufənlənd, -ˌlænd, -fənd-, ˈnju- /

noun
A breed of very large heavy dogs with a thick coarse usually black coat; highly intelligent dogs and
other
An island in the north Atlantic

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

Introduction to Video Content

The Alberta government has launched a national advertising campaign against the federal government's draft clean electricity regulations. The campaign aims to rally opposition to the regulations by emphasizing concerns about affordability and reliability. The draft regulations, released by the federal government last month, are intended to establish a net-zero power grid in Canada by 2035. Premier Daniel Smith of Alberta explains that if the proposed regulations are implemented, every province in Canada will be affected, as they all face increasing population and energy demand. Alberta, with its heavy reliance on hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas, is particularly impacted. Premier Smith argues that the proposed regulations are unrealistic, unachievable, and unconstitutional. He also raises the concern that failure to meet the clean electricity targets by 2035 could lead to legal consequences, such as imprisonment for energy operators. The aim of the campaign is to inform and educate Canadians about the potential negative effects of the draft regulations and to encourage them to voice their concerns.

Subtitles section

We begin in Alberta, where the provincial government is launching a national advertising campaign against the federal government's draft clean electricity regulations.

Alberta is calling for Canadians across the country to oppose the regulations, with billboards and messaging focusing on affordability and reliability.

The federal government released the draft regulations last month, and the final version is intended to pave the way to a net-zero power grid in Canada by 2035.

The Premier of Alberta, Daniel Smith, joins me now.

Premier Smith, welcome back to the show.

Thank you, David.

Why do you think it's a good use of Alberta resources to launch this campaign the way you have?

Well, I can tell you that if we end up going along the path that the federal government is proposing for clean electricity regs that will require a net-zero power grid by 2035, every single province is going to be impacted by that.

Because every single province is facing an increase in population, an increase in energy demand, and have to grow their current grid.

Alberta's just at the leading edge of this because we have such a large reliance on hydrocarbon fuels with our natural gas, but Saskatchewan's in a tough place, so is Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

And anyone who wants to bring on new power, looking at natural gas, it'll have to be 100% almost abated by 2035, otherwise people will end up going to jail.

And we just want people to understand it's not realistic, not achievable, not constitutional, and it will not result in reliability and affordability.

Everyone needs to be concerned about this.

What do you mean people will go to jail if the electricity grid isn't clean by 2035?

You think the federal government's going to slap handcuffs on your energy operators?

Yeah, that's what they've said.

They've said that it's a criminal code violation in 2035 if you have unabated natural gas and you haven't been able to abate 95% of your emissions.

The problem is that technology isn't available to be able to have that level of sequestration yet.

And so company CEOs are now making the decision, do we invest today knowing that in January of 2035 our CEO is going to be imprisoned for three years is the actual terms, because they're using a criminal law power to try to invade our provincial jurisdiction and our right to be able to create our electricity grid.

It's serious.

And that's why we have seen that there is a lot of hesitation to invest in base load power, and we need to make sure people understand the consequences of that.

Okay, I appreciate the challenge.

And we'll reach out to the federal government to ask them about your concerns about incarceration over emissions.

But I appreciate the challenge to green the grid by 2035.

But you were knocking down the value in your press conference earlier today of solar and wind is unreliable.

But your own energy systems operator has consistently under forecasted the pace and scale and growth of solar power in the Alberta energy mix.

Are you perhaps being too pessimistic that you can't get this done by 2035?

Well, when the wind doesn't blow, you get zero power.

When the sun doesn't shine, you get zero power.

And there are multiple times throughout the year where that occurs, especially when we have minus 30 weather and plus 30 weather.

When you have zero production, it doesn't matter how much wind and solar you bring on.

If you don't have wind and blowing and sun shining, you need to have a backup.

And that backup for us has been natural gas.

So for every megawatt of solar and wind we bring on, we have to bring on a megawatt of reliable base load power.

It's not going to be a solution.

You simply cannot build out a power grid on intermittent power.

No one in the world is doing that.

Storage is not available, not reliable, not cost effective.

And so the solution in most jurisdictions has been to use natural gas.

And they're trying to close the door on that.

And that's part of the reason why we've had to launch this campaign, so that people understand that what they're proposing is just simply not achievable in the timeframe that they're proposing.

We think it's achievable by 2050.

We have many electricity generators who are working towards a 2050 target.

And so that's what we want to align with the federal government over.

But 2035 is just simply not realistic.

Okay.

So let's take for granted, as a thought exercise, that 2035 isn't achievable.

Why do you need a whole extra 15 years?

Why can't it be 2037, 2038, 2040?

I know there may be some slippage on these things, you know, just because of construction requirements and pace of development.

But why do you need to essentially double the transition time to get there?

Well, I can tell you that, for instance, what Capital Power has proposed, one of the things that they want to do is rely on carbon capture utilization and storage.

And though we do have a project that's at scale, building out the carbon trunk pipeline, making sure that we've got the pore space that is secure, making sure that we've done all the landowner and First Nations consultation.

I think you know that simply takes time to do.

The second part of their plan is to bring on small modular nuclear.

We've never had nuclear in our province.

Small modular nuclear doesn't exist yet in a deployment in the country.

It will be by 2028.

And so we have to go through a process of getting social license in order to be able to bring small modular nuclear onto the grid.

That won't be able to be done at a very large scale by 2035.

And then the final aspect that Capital Power is proposing is direct air capture.

And there is a pretty exciting company in Alberta called Avatar Innovations.

It's got two projects in the 100 million dollar XPRIZE that Elon Musk has put up that would allow us to capture CO2 directly from the air.

But again, this is early stage.

It's not at a deployment.

It will probably be the last technology to be available.

So that's why they believe that 2045 is achievable, but not 2035.

There's just not enough time.

Okay.

So in the absence of the federal government changing its timelines, you were talking today about how you're drafting up legislation under the Sovereignty Act to essentially declare these clean grid regulations unconstitutional,

I guess, in your view.

Isn't that a question for the Supreme Court rather than a question for Daniel Smith?

Well, it may well end up in the court, but I've read the Constitution and I would encourage everyone to do the same.

Section 92 details in great detail how the provinces have the exclusive jurisdiction to develop their resources.

And a subsection there also talks about our exclusive jurisdiction to determine our electricity distribution and our electricity grid.

So we're just simply defending our constitutional jurisdiction to make sure that we have reliable and affordable energy and that we're achieving our emissions reduction target on a timeframe that actually makes sense.

So if it ends up in the courts, I guess it does.

But in the meantime, we're going to make sure that we're protecting our consumers in Alberta.

We're going to be making sure that we continue to build so that we do not end up with blackouts and brownouts.

Right.

But I would assume you would have read the Supreme Court decision from March 25th of 2021 on the challenge that Alberta was part of against the carbon tax.

And the Supreme Court found that carbon pollution knows no boundaries, whether it comes from industrial emissions through extraction or through energy consumption.

And the federal government would argue that gives them the right to go into this area, whether you like it or not.

I mean, don't you run the risk of another Supreme Court setback if you go down this road?

Look, we've aligned with the 2050 carbon neutral target.

And so we all demonstrate to the court that we're being responsible.

We're working in keeping with the spirit of our international obligations and that we're working in the spirit of the Constitution.

And I'm prepared to battle that out in court.

But I'll tell you what I'm not prepared to have happen.

I'm not prepared to have continued threats to our power grid.

We have had 10 level three alerts on our power grid in the last year.

What used to be common is only one or even zero a year.

Ten in the last year says to me we've got a major problem with reliability and stability.

And that means we need to bring on baseload power.

I'm just simply not going to let Albertans freeze in winter or suffer heat stroke in the summer.

We have to make sure that our electricity grid is reliable and affordable.

And that means baseload power.

And we're going to do whatever it takes to make sure that that gets constructed.

If you're having reliability issues now, that has nothing to do with the federal regulations of 2035.

That has to do with the way Alberta and its regulators and its system operators have managed the grid to this point.

Right.

I mean, you're right.

I mean, don't you just need to pay for this yourself and build supplementary power and different things to handle these peak issues?

Well, I can tell you, yes, the NDP completely destroyed the credibility of our power grid when they worked out an arrangement with the federal government in a failed attempt to get social license.

They phased out coal early, which cost us billions of dollars.

We're still paying for it.

And they created the instability that we're experiencing today.

So that's what I have to be honest with Albertans about what it is that we're facing.

The fact that we had decisions that were made when the NDP were in power that created the reliability crisis.

And now we've got to solve it.

And the way we solve it is we bring on more baseload power.

And we have to challenge the federal government because what they're proposing has created a freeze on investment.

When I talk to different companies and they'd say there's no way we can build under these circumstances.

Nobody is going to risk being put in jail in 2035 if they don't meet these unreasonable targets.

That means that we're going to have to de-risk this.

And we're going to have to build because it's the only way we can assure reliability and affordability in the long run.

But, you know, Premier, when we last saw each other in person in Calgary after you won the election, the province had been on fire throughout the spring and the early part of the summer.

And the smoke from those wildfires was thick in the air of Calgary the whole time we were there.

And now you kind of lamented the early phase out of coal.

You're advocating for a longer use of fossil fuels when emissions from that sector have gone up by 21 percent since 2005.

You know, the International Energy Agency said we don't need any more coal or fossil fuel developments on the planet because demand is going to peak later this year.

I mean, aren't you fighting against the reality of science here when you look at what is going on and the need to stop the planet from warming?

Well, I'll tell you the reality.

The reality is that we have 2.2 billion people on this planet who don't have electricity at all.

And they have leaders that aspirationally want them to have the same quality of life and standard of living that we do.

And if we don't provide a secure supply of LNG exported, they're going to develop coal.

And we will see a global increase in emissions.

That's what I'm concerned about.

We've got our own problems of affordability close to home, but we've got a much bigger global problem of making sure that we're addressing energy poverty.

And we do that by having a realistic approach to reducing emissions here, developing the technology so that we can bring every person on the planet up to our same standard of living and reduce emissions.

That's what I'm focused on is that dual goal.

When we last spoke, you had just announced your plan to start the process of investigating an Alberta pension plan and withdrawing what you felt you were entitled to more than half of the assets in the Canada pension plan investment fund.

Since then, a couple of premiers have expressed some concerns about this.

The premier of Newfoundland and Labrador said it would be incredibly disruptive to people.

Premier Eby next door in British Columbia said if this is going to be in any way disadvantageous to people in his province, he'd be at the table to sort of push back against it.

And Randy Boissoneau, the federal employment minister, said the federal government would do everything in their power to stop you.

Have you talked to any other premiers who support you on this or are on side with this?

Are you surprised by this pushback?

Look, we are trying to make sure that we do what's best for Albertans.

I'm continuing a process that began years ago where Albertans asked us to look at what would happen if we had our own Alberta pension plan, just like Quebec, and we came up with a report.

We've released that.

Now we're doing a public consultation on it.

If Albertans decide that they want to have their pension assets delivered through an Alberta pension plan instead of the Canada pension plan, then we'll have a referendum and we'll leave it to Albertans to decide.

The Premier of Ontario, Doug Ford, talked about living in a country that everyone shares responsibilities when he was asked about the Canada pension plan.

The subtext of all of these comments, Premier, is they see what you're doing as disruptive and potentially dangerous to the retirement health of a lot of Canadians.

Well, it's disruptive and dangerous to continue to bring in arbitrary policies that are designed to shut down Alberta's wealth and Alberta's investment and Alberta's industry.

In point of fact, Alberta is a generous contributor to Confederation.

We always have been.

We want to continue to be.

But if we're going to be in a position where we have to take care of ourselves because the federal government has chosen to alienate our people, has chosen to try to put a target on our oil and gas industry and is being unreasonable,

Then we're going to take whatever measures it takes to put Albertans first.

We want to be collaborative members of Confederation.

We always have been.

Part of the reason why we passed an equalization referendum a couple of years ago was to start a conversation about how unfair every single program is to Alberta.

Every single program is designed to take more from us to be distributed to the rest of the country.

And Albertans have had enough.

So I've been elected on a mandate to try to correct some of that imbalance.

I want to do it collaboratively.

I want to continue to allow our wealth to not only enrich us but enrich the rest of the country.

And I hope everyone approaches Alberta with that spirit because Albertans are proud Canadians.

But we haven't been treated very well by this particular government in the last number of years.

Alberta Premier Daniel Smith, thank you yet again for your time.

You bet.

My pleasure.