Volcanic Explosion | National Geographic
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decay
US / dɪˈkeɪ /
•UK / dɪˈke /
- noun
- Slow loss of physical or mental health
- verb
- To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
- To lose health or strength
espresso
US / eˈspresəʊ /
•UK / eˈspresoʊ /
- noun
- Strong black coffee made using steam pressure
possible
US / ˈpɒsəbl /
•UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /
- adjecitve
- Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
- Having a chance of happening, or being true
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
its
US / ɪts /
•UK / ɪts /
- adjecitve
- Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
- determiner
- Of something; belonging or related to something
- other
- Possessive form of “it”
caldera
US / kɒlˈdeərə /
•UK / kɒlˈdɪərə /
- noun
- Large crater caused by the explosion of a volcano
ago
US / əˈgəʊ /
•UK / əˈgoʊ /
- adverb
- At a specified length of time in the past
their
US / ðɛː /
•UK / ðer /
- determiner
- Belonging to them
spectacular
US / spekˈtækjələ(r) /
•UK / spɛkˈtækjəlɚ /
- adjecitve
- Impressive or out of the ordinary
cup
US / kʌp /
•UK / kʌp /
- noun
- Small round container used for drinking
- Silver trophy teams compete to win
- Unit of measurement for foods or liquids
- verb
- To make the shape of a bowl with your hands
numerous
US / ˈnju:mərəs /
•UK / ˈnumərəs, ˈnju- /
- adjecitve
- Existing in large numbers
everything
US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /
- pronoun
- All of the things mentioned
mountain
US / 'maʊntən /
•UK / ˈmaʊntən /
- noun
- Very high piece of land, higher than a hill
volume
US / ˈvɒlju:m /
•UK / ˈvɑljum, -jəm /
- noun
- Number or amount of something e.g. sales
- Amount of space that something takes up
- One book that is part of a set of books
- Level of sound produced by radio or television
very
US / 'verɪ /
•UK / ˈvɛri /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a large degree or amount
- adverb
- A lot; much; many
- Used to stress or emphasize a noun
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
far
US / fɑ:(r) /
•UK / fɑr /
- adjecitve
- A long way away
- Being a long way away
- adverb
- To a large degree or extent
where
US / hwɛə /
•UK / hwɛr, wɛr /
- conjunction
- At or in the place which
- In whatever place
- pronoun
- Word you use to ask the location of something
wonderful
US / ˈwʌndəfl /
•UK / 'wʌndərfl /
- adjecitve
- Producing feelings of enjoyment or delight
any
US / 'enɪ /
•UK / ˈɛni /
- adjecitve
- One, or some, no matter which
- pronoun
- One (thing) of many; some
distance
US / 'dɪstəns /
•UK / ˈdɪstəns /
- noun
- Lack of friendliness toward another person
- Amount of space between two places or things
- verb
- To make it clear that you are not involved
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
debris
US / dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri: /
•UK / dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri /
- noun
- Remains of something broken or destroyed
floor
US / flɔ:(r) /
•UK / flɔr, flor /
- noun
- Large area used for a particular purpose
- Part of a room on which you stand
- Particular level in a building; storey
- verb
- To hit or push someone to the ground
- To surprise or confuse someone who can't respond
ancient
US / 'eɪnʃənt /
•UK / ˈenʃənt /
- adjecitve
- Very old; having lived a very long time ago
crater
US / 'kreɪtə(r) /
•UK / ˈkretɚ /
- noun
- Large hole in ground caused by heavy impact
real
US / rɪəl /
•UK / ˈriəl, ril /
- adjecitve
- Actually existing or happening, not imagined
- Being important or special
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
investigate
US / ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt /
•UK / ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet /
- verb
- To try to find out facts; to carry out research
eruptive
US / ɪˈrʌptɪv /
•UK / ɪˈrʌptɪv /
- adjecitve
- Producing or characterized by eruptions
height
US / haɪt /
•UK / haɪt /
- noun
- Distance of something from the bottom to the top
only
US / ˈəunli /
•UK / ˈonli /
- adverb
- Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
- Not very important or serious
- Just that type of thing, person
- Short time ago; not before a certain time
- conjunction
- Except; but
large
US / lɑ:dʒ /
•UK / lɑ:rdʒ /
- adjecitve
- Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat
volcano
US / vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ /
•UK / vɑ:lˈkeɪnoʊ /
- noun
- Mountain through which hot liquid earth can erupt
form
US / fɔ:m /
•UK / fɔrm /
- noun
- Sports team or person's current winning record
- Document you complete when making an application
- Visible shape or style; type; kind
- verb
- To organize something such as a club or group
- To develop; to come into a shape or substance
- To make something into a particular shape
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
over
US / 'əʊvə(r) /
•UK / ˈovɚ /
- adverb
- Finished; no longer happening
- Towards the ground/away from a standing position
- noun
- A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
- other
- Finished
- preposition
- Showing the relation when a thing is above another
- On or covering something
- Above or across something
- More than you need
- From one side to the other
- In the direction of; toward
minus
US / ˈmaɪnəs /
•UK / ˈmaɪnəs /
- adjecitve
- Being close to the bottom of a letter grade
- noun
- Negative quality; disadvantage
- Sign that indicates subtraction
- preposition
- Being less than zero in number
- Used when subtracting one number from another
- verb
- To take one number away from another; subtract
deposit
US / dɪ'pɒzɪt /
•UK / dɪˈpɑzɪt /
- noun
- Concentration of mineral left by a river
- Part payment so that an item will be kept for you
- Amount of money that is put into a bank account
- verb
- (Of rivers) to leave a layer of minerals, etc.
- To lay down of layers, e.g. of soil, over time
- To place or put something down in a certain place
- To put money or valuable items in a bank
sense
US / sens /
•UK / sɛns /
- noun
- Certain mental feeling or emotion
- Normal or clear state of mind
- Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
- verb
- To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
- To recognize the presence of something
visualize
US / ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz /
•UK / ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz /
- verb
- To create a picture in your mind of something
measure
US / ˈmeʒə(r) /
•UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /
- noun
- Plan to achieve a desired result
- Tool used to calculate the size of something
- verb
- To determine the value or importance of something
- To calculate size, weight or temperature of
now
US / naʊ /
•UK / naʊ /
- adverb
- At the present time or moment
- Right away or in the next possible moment
- Used to refer to something that just happened
- Time between the present and a moment in the past
- conjunction
- Resulting from or because of something
compare
US / kəm'peə(r) /
•UK / kəmˈpɛr /
- verb
- To consider how similar and different things are
north
US / nɔ:θ /
•UK / nɔ:rθ /
- adjecitve
- Coming from the opposite direction to the south
- noun
- Direction to your left when facing the rising sun
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
good
US / ɡʊd /
•UK / ɡʊd /
- adjecitve
- Proper, appropriate or right
- (Of an amount) enough; plenty
- Excellent; high quality
- Acting well or properly; of moral character
- In a positive or happy emotional state
- noun
- Advantage or benefit
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
recent
US / 'ri:snt /
•UK / ˈrisənt /
- adjecitve
- Happening or beginning not long ago
become
US / bɪ'kʌm /
•UK / bɪˈkʌm /
- verb
- To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
- To be suitable for a particular job or role
coat
US / kəʊt /
•UK / koʊt /
- noun
- Clothing worn outside over your normal clothes
- verb
- To cover something thinly with something
same
US / seɪm /
•UK / sem /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in quality and amount
- Identical; not different
- Not changing; constant
rim
US / rɪm /
•UK / rɪm /
- noun
- Outer edge of something circular
- Outer part of a wheel of a vehicle
- verb
- To give something an outer edge, as specified
astonish
US / ə'stɒnɪʃ /
•UK / əˈstɑnɪʃ /
- verb
- To cause someone to feel great wonder or surprise
eruption
US / ɪ'rʌpʃn /
•UK / ɪˈrʌpʃən /
- noun
- Act of happening suddenly or begin doing
- Process of a volcano shooting out hot rocks
plus
US / plʌs /
•UK / plʌs /
- noun
- A benefit or advantage
- preposition
- In addition; add
- In addition to; Indicates a number above
- Having a value greater than zero
too
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- adverb
- In addition, also; with emphasis
- Say that something is more than you want
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
precisely
US / prɪˈsaɪsli /
•UK / prɪˈsaɪsli /
- adverb
- In an exact and accurate manner
- (Emphasizes that a statement is totally correct)
small
US / smɔ:l /
•UK / smɔl /
- adjecitve
- Little in size; not big
- (Of letters) not written in capital letters
- Being insignificant or minor
- (Of a business) with few people or things; local
- (Of voice) being soft and quiet
- (Of a child) being young
uplifted
US / ˌʌpˈlɪftɪd /
•UK / ˌʌpˈlɪftɪd /
- adjecitve
- Exalted emotionally especially with pride
- verb
- To make someone feel happier or more hopeful
geologist
US / dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst /
•UK / dʒɪˈɑlədʒɪst /
- noun
- Person who studies the Earth's rocks, layers etc.
third
US / θɜ:d /
•UK / θɜ:rd /
- adjecitve
- 3rd: Number after second
imagine
US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /
•UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /
- verb
- To think creatively about; form mental picture of
probably
US / ˈprɒbəbli /
•UK / ˈprɑbəbli /
- adverb
- That is likely to happen or be true
million
US / ˈmɪljən /
•UK / ˈmɪljən /
- number
- 1,000,000
once
US / wʌns /
•UK / wʌns /
- adverb
- One time; one instance
- At a time in the past
- conjunction
- When; as soon as
age
US / eɪdʒ /
•UK / edʒ /
- verb
- To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
- To get older
- noun
- Period of time in history
- Number of years a person or thing has lived
massive
US / ˈmæsɪv /
•UK / ˈmæsɪv /
- adjecitve
- Very big; large; too big
peak
US / pi:k /
•UK / pik /
- noun
- Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
- The very top of a mountain
- State when something is at its best
- Time or point when the highest level occurs
- verb
- To reach the highest or best point
truth
US / tru:θ /
•UK / truθ /
- noun
- Real facts about something
invisible
US / ɪnˈvɪzəbl /
•UK / ɪnˈvɪzəbəl /
- adjecitve
- Being unable to be seen
- Of money earned from services, instead of products
amazing
US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /
•UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /
- adjecitve
- Surprising in a pleasing way
- verb
- To cause wonder; to surprise completely
improvement
US / ɪmˈpru:vmənt /
•UK / ɪmˈpruvmənt /
- noun
- Addition or change that makes something better
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
much
US / mʌtʃ /
•UK / mʌtʃ /
- adjecitve
- Very; to a high level or degree
- adverb
- A lot; large amount; a high degree of
- Nearly; basically
- On many occasions; often
- noun
- A large amount; a great quantity
oil
US / ɔɪl /
•UK / ɔɪl /
- noun
- A liquid used for frying foods
- Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
- verb
- To add a liquid for frying foods
- To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly
mount
US / maʊnt /
•UK / maʊnt /
- noun
- An attachment used to keep something in place
- Title of a specific mountain
- Horse that someone is riding
- verb
- To attach something to something else
- To set a picture, jewel etc. in
- To sit on a horse or bike in order to ride it
- To climb a mountain
- To organize an exhibition, race etc.
- To start (an attack) against an enemy
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
time
US / taɪm /
•UK / taɪm /
- noun
- Speed at which music is played; tempo
- Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
- Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
- Occasion when something happens
- Period or occasion that something occurred
- Period in history or the past
- Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
- How long an event takes; duration
- verb
- To check speed at which music is performed
- To choose a specific moment to do something
- To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
- To schedule something to occur at a specific moment
through
US / θru: /
•UK / θru /
- adjecitve
- having finished using or doing something
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over, in, across an entire thing or place
- Allowing you to pass between, or to
- By a particular way or process; by the use of
see
US / si: /
•UK / si /
- verb
- To go on a date with someone
- To predict whether something is, or will be true
- To understand what someone says
- To use your eyes to look at something
- To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
- To visit or meet with someone
- To find out by waiting or looking
- To watch (a game, movie or TV show)
increase
US / ɪn'kri:s /
•UK / ɪnˈkris /
- noun
- Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
- verb
- To make or become larger in size or amount
history
US / 'hɪstrɪ /
•UK / ˈhɪstəri /
- noun
- Established pattern or record
- Study of past events as an academic subject
tuff
US / tʌf /
•UK / tʌf /
- noun
- Hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash
almost
US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /
•UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /
- adverb
- Only a little less than, nearly, not quite
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
part
US / pɑ:t /
•UK / pɑ:rt /
- adjecitve
- To some degree; half; not fully
- noun
- Division of a book
- Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
- A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
- Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
- Some, but not all of a specific thing
- Role in causing something to happen
- verb
- To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
- To move two things apart creating a space
- To leave someone, or to break off a relationship
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
end
US / end /
•UK / ɛnd /
- noun
- The point where a process or activity stops
- A point that marks the limit of something; finish
- Goal or desired result
- The tip, edge or limit of something
- verb
- To be the last part of something
exist
US / ɪɡ'zɪst /
•UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /
- verb
- To be present, alive or real
foot
US / fʊt /
•UK / fʊt /
- noun
- Base of something such as a mountain or vase
- Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
- Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
clear
US / klɪə(r) /
•UK / klɪr /
- adjecitve
- Empty; without anything in it or on it
- Being certain and without doubt
- Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
- Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
- adverb
- Completely; entirely; through the whole of
- Away from; free from
- verb
- To recover from or remove a problem
- To get rid of the entire contents of
- To give permission for something to happen
- To make a place or surface empty by removing
- To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame
volcanic
US / vɒlˈkænɪk /
•UK / vɑ:lˈkænɪk /
- adjecitve
- (E.g. of a temperament) easily angered; violent
- Of or relating to a volcano or volcanoes
big
US / bɪɡ /
•UK / bɪɡ /
- adjecitve
- Popular
- Serious
- Large
fit
US / fɪt /
•UK / fɪt /
- adjecitve
- Good looking; physically attractive
- Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
- noun
- Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
- verb
- To install a machine, equipment etc.
- To adjust or change to the right size or shape
- To be the right size and shape that you want
material
US / məˈtɪəriəl /
•UK / məˈtɪriəl /
- adjecitve
- Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
- Belonging to the world of physical things
- noun
- Cloth; fabric
- Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
- Substance from which a thing is made of
lead
US / li:d /
•UK / lid /
- adjecitve
- Being the main part in movies or plays
- noun
- Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- Information that could help to solve a crime
- Main part in a play or movie
- Heavy, gray metal element
- Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
- Act of being at the front in a race or game
- verb
- To show the way or guide others
- To be at the front of a race or game
- To travel in front of; go in advance of others
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
across
US / əˈkrɔs /
•UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /
- adverb
- Distance from one side to another
- (Go) from one side to the other of something
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
juan
US / ˈdʒu:ən /
•UK / ˈdʒʊən /
how
US / haʊ /
•UK / haʊ /
- adjecitve
- To what degree? in what amount?
- adverb
- (Used to explain the way to do something)
- exclamation
- For what purpose or reason?
- (Used to ask someone or something's condition)
simply
US / ˈsɪmpli /
•UK / ˈsɪmpli /
- adverb
- In an easy or clear manner
year
US / jə: /
•UK / jɪr /
- noun
- Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
- Used to refer to the age of a person
into
US / 'ɪntə /
•UK / ˈɪntu /
- preposition
- Moving or going inside something
- In the same direction as; in the direction of
- So as to become; taking the state of
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
rock
US / rɒk /
•UK / rɑk /
- noun
- Type of popular music with a strong, loud beat
- Strong, tough person who can be relied upon
- Big stone; hard, solid substance forming mountains
- verb
- To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
- To be extremely effective or pleasing
- To play, sing along with, or dance to heavy music
- To move back and forth or from side to side
than
US / ðən /
•UK / ðən /
- conjunction
- Used to compare two things that are not equal
square
US / skweə(r) /
•UK / skwɛr /
- adjecitve
- Being fair or honest
- Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
- noun
- Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
- The result of multiplying Length by the width
- Open public area in the middle of the town
- verb
- To make something balance or be equal
- To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
- To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape
element
US / 'elɪmənt /
•UK / ˈɛləmənt /
- noun
- Essential or particular part of something
first
US / fɜ:st /
•UK / fɚst /
- adjecitve
- 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
- noun
- Something that has not happened before
- Position of the winner of a competition
get
US / ɡet /
•UK / ɡɛt /
- verb
- To become affected by illness or disease
- To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
- To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
- To go somewhere to obtain something
- To (cause to) do a particular thing
- To obtain, receive or be given something
- To currently have
- To prepare for use
- To understand something being said or read
force
US / fɔ:s /
•UK / fɔrs, fors /
- noun
- Group of persons trained for military action; army
- Pressure; attraction
- The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
- verb
- To use physical strength or violence to persuade
uranium
US / juˈreɪniəm /
•UK / jʊˈreniəm /
- noun
- Radioactive element used for nuclear energy/weapon
then
US / ðen /
•UK / ðɛn /
- adverb
- A time that is not now
- Following another thing in time or arrangement
- Following on reasonably from what was just stated
- At that time, not now
mean
US / mi:n /
•UK / min /
- adjecitve
- Being good at
- Nasty; unkind
- Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
- noun
- Average of a set of numbers
- verb
- To express a particular idea or thought
- To intend to do something in particular
- To have a particular meaning or value
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
sit
US / sɪt /
•UK / sɪt /
- verb
- To take an exam
- To be in a resting position on a chair
- To provide seating for people
- To remain in a still position while being painted
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’