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Atlantropa: The $1 Trillion Dam to Drain the Mediterranean

Original YouTube Video | Top_Luxury Published on 2024-01-07 Level：72 Speed：49 maxwordlevel：20

Video vocabulary

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

electricity

US / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti /

•

UK / ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti,ˌilɛk- /

noun
Energy generated positive and negative charges

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

italy

US / 'ɪtəlɪ /

•

UK / 'ɪtəlɪ /

proper noun
A country in southern Europe; population 59,800,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Rome; official langua

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

fade

US / feɪd /

•

UK / fed /

verb
To cause to lose brightness of color
To lose strength or freshness

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

earthquake

US / ˈɜ:θkweɪk /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rθkweɪk /

noun
Heavy shaking of the ground due to natural forces

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

colonialist

US / kə'ləʊnɪəlɪst /

•

UK / kə'loʊnɪrlɪst /

noun
Believer in colonialism

originally

US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

adverb
At first; in the beginning
In a new and unique manner

overpopulation

US / ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjʊ'leɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌovɚˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Too great a population; too many people

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

realistic

US / ˌri:əˈlɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌriəˈlɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Looks or appears real; like things really are

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

continent

US / ˈkɒntɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑntənənt /

noun
Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

citizen

US / 'sɪtɪzn /

•

UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /

noun
Person who belongs to and has rights in a country

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

nazi

US / ˈnɑ:tsi /

•

UK / ˈnɑtsi, ˈnæt- /

noun
Relating to or consistent with or typical of the ideology and practice of Nazism or the Nazis

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

nineteenth

US / ˌnaɪn'ti:nθ /

•

UK / naɪnˈtinθ /

noun
19th

skyrocket

US / 'skaɪrɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈskaɪˌrɑkɪt /

verb
(Prices or things) to increase suddenly

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

mediterranean

US / ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən /

•

UK / ˌmɛdɪtəˈreniən, -ˈrenjən /

adjecitve
Describing the sea between Italy and Africa

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

cairo

US / ˈkaɪrəʊ /

•

UK / ˈkaɪroʊ /

other
A town at the southern tip of Illinois at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

hoover

US / ˈhu:və(r) /

•

UK / ˈhuːvər /

noun
Vacuum cleaner
verb
To clean with a vacuum cleaner

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

arrive

US / əˈraɪv /

•

UK / əˈraɪv /

verb
To reach the place you are traveling to

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

distance

US / 'dɪstəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

noun
Lack of friendliness toward another person
Amount of space between two places or things
verb
To make it clear that you are not involved

evaporate

US / ɪˈvæpəreɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈvæpəˌret /

verb
To pass off or away; to disappear
To change from a liquid into a gaseous state

destination

US / ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛstəˈneʃən /

noun
The place you are traveling to

german

US / ˈdʒɜːmən /

•

UK / ˈdʒɜːrmən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Germany
noun
Person from Germany

literally

US / ˈlɪtərəli /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

adverb
So as to express the exact meaning of something
Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

fertile

US / 'fɜ:taɪl /

•

UK / ˈfɚtl /

adjecitve
(Of imagination, etc.) working strongly; productive
Capable of producing children or young
Able to produce a lot of plants, e.g. food plants

geography

US / dʒiˈɒgrəfi /

•

UK / dʒiˈɑ:grəfi /

noun
Study of the earth and its natural features

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

avert

US / əˈvɜ:t /

•

UK / əˈvɜ:rt /

verb
To prevent something negative from happening
To turn (your eyes, gaze) away from something

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

europe

US / ˈjʊərəp /

•

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

noun
A continent including Germany, France and Spain
other
The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

swell

US / swel /

•

UK / swɛl /

noun
Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
Act of growing in size or increasing in number
The size of the waves (surfing)
verb
To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
To increase in size or number larger than normal
To become larger than normal, often due to injury

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

calculation

US / ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkælkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Process or result of using mathematics
An educated guess about something

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

propose

US / prə'pəʊz /

•

UK / prəˈpoz /

verb
To make an offer of marriage
To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

significantly

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is important or noticeable
In a way that is meaningful

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

tone

US / təʊn /

•

UK / toʊn /

noun
Atmosphere or feeling in a message
Firmness and strength of the body's muscles
Difference in pitch between musical notes
Specific shade of color
Quality of sound created by a musical instrument
Sound of a voice that reveals emotion or meaning
verb
To increase the quality of muscles by exercise

wildly

US / ˈwaɪldli /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldlɪ /

adverb
In an uncontrolled manner; very; strongly

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

contemporary

US / kən'temprərɪ /

•

UK / kənˈtɛmpəˌrɛri /

adjecitve
Being modern, up -to-date, of this age
Happening in the same time period
noun
Person doing things at the same time as you

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

coal

US / kəʊl /

•

UK / kol /

noun
Dark hard substance from the earth burnt as a fuel

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

worldview

US / 'wɜ:ldvju: /

•

UK / 'wɜ:ldvju: /

noun
One's perspective on the world

cooperation

US / kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / koˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Working together to get something done

aggressive

US / əˈgresɪv /

•

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

adjecitve
Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

height

US / haɪt /

•

UK / haɪt /

noun
Distance of something from the bottom to the top

irrigate

US / ˈɪrɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪrɪɡeɪt /

verb
To supply (land) with water using pipes

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

netherlands

US / 'neðələndz /

•

UK / 'neðərləndz /

proper noun
A country in western Europe, on the North Sea; population 16,900,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Amst

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

east

US / i:st /

•

UK / i:st /

noun
Direction where the sun rises
Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

overcomplicate

US / /

•

UK / /

transitive verb
Make (something) more complicated than necessary.

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

version

US / ˈvə:ʃən /

•

UK / ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Different way that someone interprets something
New or different form of something
An updated form of some software

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

balloon

US / bəˈlu:n /

•

UK / bəˈlun /

noun
Thin bag of rubber filled with air, used as a toy
Large air-filled bag to carry people into the air
verb
To grow larger quickly; spring up suddenly
To travel in a large balloon

aware

US / əˈwɛə /

•

UK / əˈwɛr /

adjecitve
Knowing or feeling that something exists

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

slowly

US / ˈsləʊli /

•

UK / ˈsloʊli /

adverb
In an unhurried or not speedy manner

sea

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Very large group of people, similar-looking things
Large body of salty water with land around it

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

vision

US / 'vɪʒn /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒən /

noun
Ability to see; eyesight
Something you see in your imagination or dreams
Ability to plan for the future of something

excite

US / ɪk'saɪt /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪt /

verb
To make something or someone become more active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

fascinating

US / ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ /

adjecitve
Having your attention fixated as though by a spell
Very interesting
verb
To attract or interest greatly

hardly

US / ˈhɑ:dli /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rdli /

adverb
Clearly or undoubtedly not; very little
Almost not; scarcely

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

boat

US / bəʊt /

•

UK / bot /

noun
Small form of transport for traveling on water
verb
To travel on a lake or river

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

remind

US / rɪ'maɪnd /

•

UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /

verb
To cause someone to remember what they forgot

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

colossal

US / kəˈlɒsl /

•

UK / kəˈlɑ:sl /

adjecitve
Being extremely large in size or amount

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

civil

US / ˈsɪvl /

•

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

adjecitve
Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

disrupt

US / dɪsˈrʌpt /

•

UK / dɪsˈrʌpt /

verb
To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

requirement

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

noun
A demand that someone does something
Something that is a necessity

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

square

US / skweə(r) /

•

UK / skwɛr /

adjecitve
Being fair or honest
Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
noun
Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
The result of multiplying Length by the width
Open public area in the middle of the town
verb
To make something balance or be equal
To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

impressed

US / ɪmˈprest /

•

UK / ɪmˈprest /

adjecitve
Feeling an emotional impact
verb
To make an emotional or cognitive impact upon
To press into a soft material to make a pattern

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

congo

US / ˈkɔŋɡəu /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋɡo /

other
A major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
A republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in
A republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in

inspire

US / ɪn'spaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈspaɪr /

verb
To give someone an idea to do or make something
To make someone feel a certain emotion

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

twice

US / twaɪs /

•

UK / twaɪs /

adverb
Two times

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

europa

US / juəˈrəupə /

•

UK / jʊˈropə /

noun
One of Jupiter's satellites; covered with frozen water

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

expand

US / ɪk'spænd /

•

UK / ɪkˈspænd /

verb
To make something larger in size, number, amount

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

depth

US / depθ /

•

UK / dɛpθ /

noun
Distance below a surface

flood

US / flʌd /

•

UK / flʌd /

noun
Large number of people or things arriving at once
Destruction when a river breaks its banks
verb
To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
(Of liquid) to fill or cover something completely

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

shrink

US / ʃrɪŋk /

•

UK / ʃrɪŋk /

noun
A rude name for a psychiatrist
other
To make something smaller than it was before
verb
To become smaller
To make or become smaller than it was before

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

suddenly

US / ˈsʌdənli /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected or very quick manner

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

lifelong

US / ˈlaɪflɒŋ /

•

UK / ˈlaɪflɔ:ŋ /

adjecitve
Continuing through life; lasting a long time

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

century

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

noun
Period of 100 years

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

feasible

US / ˈfi:zəbl /

•

UK / ˈfizəbəl /

adjecitve
Possible; that you can believe will work/succeed

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

insane

US / ɪnˈseɪn /

•

UK / ɪnˈsen /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; crazy
Being mentally disturbed
Being crazy or stupid

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

slightly

US / ˈslaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈslaɪtli /

adverb
Only a little

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

town

US / taʊn /

•

UK / taʊn /

noun
Small city
Part of city with shops and entertainments

desert

US / 'dezət /

•

UK / ˈdɛzət /

noun
Bare area of land, often with few plants and water
verb
To leave a place for ever; abandon
To leave when one is needed or expected to stay

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

patch

US / pætʃ /

•

UK / pætʃ /

noun
Cover worn over an eye to protect or hide it
Piece of ground on vegetation grows
Piece of cloth sewn onto garments to repair holes
Small spot different from the area around it
verb
To join or unite, e.g. two phone calls
To repair hole by sewing a piece of cloth over it

plate

US / pleɪt /

•

UK / plet /

noun
Flat dish used for eating or serving food
Smooth, thin piece of metal applied in a layer
Small, flat piece of metal with information on it
verb
To put a layer of metal on something to protect it

recreate

US / ˌri:kriˈeɪt /

•

UK / ˌri:krɪ'eɪt /

verb
To make a past situation exist again

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

via

US / ˈvaɪə /

•

UK / ˈvaɪə, ˈviə /

preposition
By the means of using something
By going through, by way of

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

properly

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

adverb
In an appropriate or correct manner

pyramid

US / 'pɪrəmɪd /

•

UK / ˈpɪrəmɪd /

noun
Four-sided structure with sides meeting at the top
With a small management and huge workforce
Deceitful scheme to trick people out of money

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

shrunk

US / ʃrʌŋk /

•

UK / ʃrʌŋk /

verb
To become smaller
To make or become smaller than it was before

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

architect

US / ˈɑ:kɪtekt /

•

UK / ˈɑrkɪˌtɛkt /

noun
Person who designs and advises on buildings

jostle

US / ˈdʒɒsl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɑ:sl /

verb
To push against someone, usually in a crowd

manageable

US / ˈmænɪdʒəbl /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to be managed or controlled

peaceful

US / ˈpi:sfl /

•

UK / ˈpisfəl /

adjecitve
In a calm and quiet state
Being unlikely or unwilling to act violently

raw

US / rɔ: /

•

UK / rɔ /

adjecitve
Being uncontrolled or strong, as your emotions
Being inexperienced
Being in a natural or unchanged state
(Of skin) being red and sore on the surface
(Of foods) uncooked

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

historically

US / hɪ'stɒrɪklɪ /

•

UK / hɪsˈtɔrɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In history; in the past

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

unused

US / ʌnˈju:st /

•

UK / ʌnˈjuzd, ʌnˈjust /

adjecitve
Not yet used; clean; new

transform

US / træns'fɔ:m /

•

UK / trænsˈfɔrm /

verb
To change the shape completely in a good way

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

africa

US / 'æfrɪkə /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkə /

noun
Continent between the Atlantic and Indian oceans

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

luscious

US / ˈlʌʃəs /

•

UK / ˈlʌʃəs /

adjecitve
Being juicy and attractive to eat or to look at

panama

US / 'pænəmɑ: /

•

UK / 'pænəmɑ: /

noun
A wide-brimmed hat of strawlike material, originally made from the leaves of a particular tropical p
proper noun
A country in Central America; population 3,900,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Panama City; language,

safety

US / ˈseɪfti /

•

UK / ˈsefti /

noun
Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
State of being free from harm or danger

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

sum

US / sʌm /

•

UK / sʌm /

noun
Amount when all is added together; total
verb
To add two or more numbers together; total

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

criticism

US / ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Article or essay that judges quality
Negative judgment of something
Something negative that you say about something
School of thought

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

tall

US / tɔ:l /

•

UK / tɔl /

adjecitve
High in height

venice

US / ˈvenɪs /

•

UK / ˈvɛnɪs /

other
The provincial capital of Veneto; built on islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals

bloated

US / ˈbləʊtɪd /

•

UK / ˈbloʊtɪd /

adjecitve
Swelled up or inflated with gas or liquid
verb
To cause to swell up or inflate with gas or liquid

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

english

US / ˈɪŋglɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of England
noun
Language of the UK, USA, Nigeria and elsewhere
Person's name

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

plain

US / pleɪn /

•

UK / plen /

adjecitve
Obvious; clearly so, true
Very simple, ordinary; not decorated; not striped
noun
Wide open area of flat, dry land

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

overall

US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

adjecitve
Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

terrace

US / ˈterəs /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪs /

noun
Flat area next to a building to sit and relax

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

dam

US / dæm /

•

UK / dæm /

noun
Wall built to stop the flow of water
verb
To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing

everybody

US / ˈevribɒdi /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

pronoun
Every person; everyone

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

inland

US / ˌɪnˈlænd /

•

UK / ˈɪnlənd /

adjecitve
Concerning areas that are not near a coast

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

stream

US / stri:m /

•

UK / strim /

noun
Classes split into ability levels
A small river
verb
To send a constant flow of data over the internet
To split classes or students into ability levels

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

ambitious

US / æmˈbɪʃəs /

•

UK / æmˈbɪʃəs /

adjecitve
Having the desire to be successful in life, work

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

sahara

US / səˈhɑːrə /

•

UK / səˈhɛrə /

other
The world's largest desert (,, square miles) in northern Africa

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

tunisia

US / tjʊ'nɪzɪə /

•

UK / tʊ'ni:ʒə /

other
A republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

resort

US / rɪ'zɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪ'zɔ:rt /

noun
Act of choosing something to help with a problem
Vacation hotel or complex; area for holidays

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

constant

US / 'kɒnstənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstənt /

adjecitve
Happening frequently or without pause
noun
Thing that happens always or at a regular rate

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

ocean

US / 'əʊʃn /

•

UK / ˈoʃən /

noun
Large body of salt water; a large sea

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

generate

US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

verb
To create or be produced or bring into existence
To create electricity, heat, energy and power

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

vast

US / vɑ:st /

•

UK / væst /

adjecitve
Being very large in size or amount

massively

US / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

•

UK / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

adverb
To a very large degree or in a large manner

pop

US / pɒp /

•

UK / pɑp /

adjecitve
Type of music or art popular with many people
noun
Sweet soda drink
verb
To cause something to open or burst suddenly
To go to or in a place for a brief period of time

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

black

US / blæk /

•

UK / blæk /

adjecitve
Color of the sky on a dark night
noun
A person with dark skin, often of African origin
Person's name
verb
To fill in something to make it a very dark color

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

canal

US / kəˈnæl /

•

UK / kəˈnæl /

noun
Channel cut through land for boats or ships

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

leaflet

US / 'li:flət /

•

UK / ˈliflɪt /

noun
Pages bound together, e.g. with instructions

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

astonish

US / ə'stɒnɪʃ /

•

UK / əˈstɑnɪʃ /

verb
To cause someone to feel great wonder or surprise

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

union

US / 'ju:nɪən /

•

UK / ˈjunjən /

noun
Act of joining two or more things into one
Marriage
Organization of workers to look after their needs

freshwater

US / 'freʃwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

noun
Water that is not salty

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

absurdly

US / əb'sɜ:dlɪ /

•

UK / əb'sɜ:dlɪ /

adverb
To a foolish, difficult to believe degree

beautiful

US / 'bju:tɪfl /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

adjecitve
Having dome something well
Being very attractive or appealing physically

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

descend

US / dɪˈsend /

•

UK / dɪˈsɛnd /

verb
To go down; to move from a higher to a lower place

dike

US / daɪk /

•

UK / daɪk /

noun
Small water dam

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

tectonic

US / tekˈtɒnɪk /

•

UK / tekˈtɑ:nɪk /

adjecitve
Denoting or relating to construction or building
Concerning the formation of the Earth's surface

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

width

US / wɪdθ /

•

UK / wɪdθ, wɪθ, wɪtθ /

noun
Distance from one side of something to the other
Piece of cloth that has been measured and cut

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

shallow

US / 'ʃæləʊ /

•

UK / ˈʃælo /

adjecitve
Not deep; short from top to bottom
Lacking interest in serious things; superficial

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

cramp

US / kræmp /

•

UK / kræmp /

noun
Sharp, unexpected pain when a muscle becomes tight
verb
To get a sudden sharp pain when muscle tightens
To stop something from developing freely

hermann

US / ˌhɪəˈwɪð /

•

UK / ˌhɪrˈwɪð /

proposal

US / prəˈpəʊzl /

•

UK / prəˈpozəl /

noun
Act of asking someone to marry you
Offer or plan to people who can decide about it

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

accident

US / ˈæksɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈæksɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

noun
Sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury etc.

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

geological

US / ˌdʒi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / dʒɪəˈlɑdʒɪkl: /

adjecitve
Concerning studies of the Earth's rocks and soil

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

refill

US / ˌri:ˈfɪl /

•

UK / riˈfɪl /

noun
Additional material added to fill something again
verb
To make something full again

obliterate

US / ə'blɪtəreɪt /

•

UK / əˈblɪtəˌret,oˈblɪt- /

verb
To completely destroy; rub out; stamp out

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

atlantis

US / ætˈlæntɪs /

•

UK / ætˈlæntɪs /

noun
Legendary island in the Atlantic Ocean

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

motivation

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

noun
Reason behind why someone did something

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

publish

US / 'pʌblɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /

verb
To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
To release information to the general public

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

trade

US / treɪd /

•

UK / treid /

noun
A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
Action of buying and selling things in business
The buying and selling of goods and services
Exchanging something for something else
Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
verb
To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
To give something in return for something else

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

underwater

US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

adjecitve
(Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

egypt

US / 'i:dʒɪpt /

•

UK / 'i:dʒɪpt /

noun
A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until; site of an ancient civili

ideal

US / aɪˈdi:əl /

•

UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /

adjecitve
Exactly right; could not be better
Which is thought of as being perfect

politician

US / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Someone whose job is in politics

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

empty

US / 'emptɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛmpti /

adjecitve
Containing nothing; with no contents
Without emotions, feelings, meaning or force
noun
Item, e.g. a bottle, whose contents have been used
verb
To remove the contents from something

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

grid

US / ɡrɪd /

•

UK / ɡrɪd /

noun
Electrical network supplying electricity to area
Metal structure with bars used to cover a hole
Pattern made up of lines and small squares

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

basin

US / 'beɪsn /

•

UK / ˈbesɪn /

noun
A sink; a place in a bathroom to wash your face
Hollow place created naturally to contain water

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

atlantic

US / æt'læntɪk /

•

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

adjecitve
Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

gibraltar

US / dʒiˈbrɔ:ltə /

•

UK / dʒəˈbrɔltɚ /

proper noun
A British overseas territory near the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula, at the eastern end of t

isolate

US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

verb
To identify, consider, or deal with separately
To keep in a place or situation apart from others
To separate something from another substance

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

achievement

US / əˈtʃi:vmənt /

•

UK / əˈtʃivmənt /

noun
Something good that you have successfully done

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

closure

US / ˈkləʊʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkloʊʒə(r) /

noun
Feeling of accepting a death, divorce etc.
Act of closing something

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

fear

US / fɪə(r) /

•

UK / fɪr /

noun
Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
verb
To be afraid of or nervous about something

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

envision

US / ɪnˈvɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɪʒn /

verb
To imagine or picture in your mind

reclaim

US / rɪ'kleɪm /

•

UK / rɪˈklem /

verb
To get back something that was lost; recover

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

nowhere

US / 'nəʊweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnoˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
Not in or at any place; no place

reflect

US / rɪ'flekt /

•

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

verb
To indicate or be a sign of something
To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
To think of something seriously and carefully

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

useful

US / ˈju:sfl /

•

UK / ˈjusfəl /

adjecitve
That can help with a particular task

account

US / ə'kaʊnt /

•

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

noun
An advantage
Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
An invoice for things bought
Arrangement whereby you can use online services
A description, often written, of events; report

dry

US / draɪ /

•

UK / draɪ /

adjecitve
(Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
Without water; not wet
(Of wine, etc.) not sweet
Without butter or jam
verb
To remove liquid or water from something

lebensraum

US / /

•

UK / /

noun

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

reclamation

US / ˌreklə'meɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛkləˈmeʃən /

noun
Conversion of wasteland into land for use

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

article

US / 'ɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
Piece of writing about a particular subject
Piece of something, e.g. clothing
Section of a business contract or law

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

room

US / ru:m /

•

UK / rum, rʊm /

noun
All of the people inside a particular room
Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
verb
To share a home with someone

surrender

US / sə'rendə(r) /

•

UK / səˈrɛndɚ /

noun
Ending a fight you cannot win; formally giving up
verb
To give up in a fight that you cannot win
To give in, e.g. to person's demands or temptation

adolf

US / ˌædəˈlesnt /

•

UK / ˌædə'lesnt /

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

african

US / ˈæfrɪkən /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Africa
noun
Person from Africa

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

mythical

US / ˈmɪθɪkl /

•

UK / ˈmɪθɪkəl /

adjecitve
Based on beliefs unsupported by facts

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

Subtitles section

A hundred years ago, a German architect came up with probably the most insane plan in history.

He wanted to quite literally drain the ocean.

When it comes to engineering megaprojects, it was the most ambitious proposal ever.

Nothing else even comes close to it.

Not the Pyramids of Giza, not the Hoover Dam, not even the Panama Canal.

But why did he want to do it?

And could his plan have worked?

To understand this fascinating story, we need to go back to the nineteenth century, when a lot of Europeans, especially in Germany, were talking about something called Lebensraum.

In English, Lebensraum means living space, and it's a relatively simple idea.

As a country's population increases, the people in that country will need more space.

In the nineteen twenties, this idea came to the attention of Adolf Hitler and had a major effect on his worldview.

He decided that as the German nation grew in power, it would need a lot more living space.

Other Europeans had the same idea.

Populations were skyrocketing all across the continent, and there wasn't enough room for everyone.

These bloated countries were jostling for space, like swelling balloons in a cramped room.

And many people at the time thought it was a matter of time before the balloons began to pop.

There were energy demands to consider too.

As populations rose, so would energy requirements, which meant raw materials like coal and oil would become more and more essential.

All in all, it felt like a matter of time before war over new living space broke out in Europe.

These growing countries needed land and resources, and their only option was to take those things from each other.

At least that felt like their only option.

But in the nineteen twenties, another German began to study the problem from an entirely new perspective.

His name was Hermann Sorgo, and he came up with one of the most astonishing plans in history.

He called it Atlantropa.

This name was a combination of Atlantic and Europa, and it was meant to remind people of Atlantis, the mythical underwater city.

And it's hard to say which sounds more realistic, the myth of Atlantis or the plans for Atlantropa.

To put it simply, Sorgel wanted to drain the Mediterranean.

By emptying that massive body of water, he could free up new land for European settlement and solve the problem of Lebensraum without anyone going to war.

The Mediterranean is roughly eight times larger than modern Germany.

That's a lot of unused space.

Sorgel envisioned vast swathes of land reclaimed from the depths and transformed into fertile plains.

He envisioned beautiful networks of towns and cities where people were free to live in peace without worrying about running out of space.

Even better, with the Mediterranean out of the way, it would be easier to travel from Europe to Africa.

That would open up yet more living space, as people from Europe could move to Africa and build new cities and homes.

Sorgel's vision was actually inspired by a real geological event.

An interesting feature of the Mediterranean is that water evaporates from the surface of the sea at a faster rate than water arrives from rivers.

The only reason the level of the sea doesn't drop over time is the Atlantic Ocean,

which flows into the region via the Strait of Gibraltar, keeping the water at a constant level.

But about five million years ago, the Strait of Gibraltar was closed off by shifting tectonic plates.

The Mediterranean was isolated, and without Atlantic waters flowing in from the west, it slowly started to shrink.

As the water level dropped by hundreds of meters, it revealed giant patches of land.

Thousands of years later, the Strait of Gibraltar opened again,

and a massive flood of Atlantic water refilled the Mediterranean basin.

But for a short period, the Mediterranean had shrunk right down to a tiny sea, and the total land area of the European continent had massively increased as a result.

Millions of years later, Sorgell wanted to find a way to recreate all of this, but he knew he couldn't wait for the tectonic plates to move again.

Instead, he would need to resort to civil engineering.

And so, this was Sorgell's insane plan.

The main feature of Sorgell's ambitious proposal was to build a dam across the Strait of Gibraltar, replacing the tectonic closure of this stretch of water with a man made version instead.

Building this dam would not be easy.

At its deepest point, the Strait of Gibraltar was nine hundred meters deep, and even in some of the shallower areas, it was still three hundred meters from the top of the water to the bottom.

Back then, no dam had ever been built at a height of three hundred meters, and even today, only a couple of dams have ever passed that mark.

Both of those are in China, the Jinping One and the Nurek.

The depth of the water was only one of the challenges.

Sorgel would also need to deal with the significant width of the strait.

At its narrowest point, the body of water is thirteen kilometers from one side to the other.

And when it comes to dam building, that's a massive distance.

To put it into perspective, the Jinping One and the Nurek Dam only cross a distance of six hundred meters and seven hundred meters respectively.

In other words, Sorgel's Dam across the Strait of Gibraltar wouldn't only need to be significantly taller than the largest dams in history.

it would also need to be twenty times longer from one end of the dam to the other.

Already, Atlantropa sounds wildly ambitious, but this was only the start.

After damming the Atlantic, Sorgel also wanted to dam the Dardanelles Strait, in the hope of separating the Mediterranean from the Black Sea.

This was only a slightly less difficult project than the dam across the Gibraltar Strait, but it would still have been more than one kilometer across.

Working together, Sorgel wanted these colossal dams to isolate the Mediterranean so that the water level could start to drop.

But still, there was more to his astonishing plans.

After isolating the Mediterranean, he wanted to build another dam between Sicily and Tunisia, effectively cutting the giant sea into two separate halves.

This dam proposal was even more ambitious than the others.

The distance between the coast of Sicily and the coast of Tunisia was more than a hundred and fifty kilometers.

Sorgel planned to use this dam to allow the two halves of the Mediterranean to drop to different levels.

He wanted the water level in the western half to drop by a distance of one hundred meters, while the water in the eastern half would drop by twice as much.

This all sounds way overcomplicated, but it was actually based on some careful calculations.

In terms of land reclamation, the coastal geography of the two regions meant that one hundred meters was the ideal drop for the western half, while two hundred meters was the ideal drop for the east.

Together, these descending water levels were expected to reveal up to seven hundred thousand square kilometers of land.

To put that into perspective, it's double the size of Germany.

This would certainly have solved Europe's living space problem in terms of area.

But, you guessed it, there was more to this plan.

Sorgel was much aware that overpopulation would threaten Europe's power supplies.

Because of this, he wanted Atlantropa's super dams to double up as hydroelectric power stations.

These stations would generate enough electricity to support any cities that were built in the region, as well as providing power to other parts of Europe.

In other words, Sorgel didn't only want to turn the Mediterranean into a giant living space.

He also wanted to turn the sea into a giant water powered battery.

Looking back, it all sounds absurdly ambitious, but at the time, it was relatively popular.

Sorgel wrote several books on Atlantropa, as well as publishing hundreds of leaflets and articles.

And lots of people were excited by the thought of a peaceful solution to the problem of overpopulation.

Even a few politicians were impressed.

They'd rather spend money on Atlantropa than spend the same amount of money on a war, right?

Contemporary architects and civil engineers began to improve on Sorgel's ideas.

A new plan emerged to block the Strait of Gibraltar using a series of dams instead of the single dam that Sorgel originally proposed.

These dams would function like steps or terraces, holding back the water of the Atlantic Ocean at smaller, more manageable levels.

There would be a lot less pressure on each of these dams and less risk of collapse as they shared the load of the water between them.

This was still a wildly ambitious proposal, but some people thought it could work.

They were also inspired by the Zuiderzee works taking place in the Netherlands at the time.

Using a massive system of dams and dikes, the country had managed to hold back part of the North Sea and reclaim a piece of the land.

This project was nowhere near as ambitious as Atlantropa, but it was still an extremely impressive achievement and one that gave Sorgil hope.

And as his confidence grew, he started to come up with even bigger ideas than before.

He suggested that the entire European continent should be connected to a single central power grid, and that if any country tried to start a war, the other countries would just turn their power off until that country was forced to surrender.

He also wanted a system of canals in places like Italy and Egypt.

When the sea level dropped, Venice and Cairo would suddenly find themselves high and dry, completely cut off from the seabound trade that they had always historically relied upon.

But with a network of canals connecting these cities to the shrunken waters of the Mediterranean, Sorgel planned to make sure that boats and ships could still reach these important destinations.

Yeah, this sounds like a great plan.

On top of all of this, he expanded his plans to connect Europe to Africa and create a single continent called, you guessed it, Eurafrica.

He wanted to build yet another dam across the Congo River and use it to create a freshwater inland sea.

This water could be used to irrigate the Sahara Desert and turn the area into luscious arable land.

In Sorgel's own words, he wanted to turn it into territory actually useful to Europe.

The area would then be connected to countries in Europe by a series of railways, including tracks that ran over the top of the dam across the Strait of Gibraltar and the dam between Sicily and Tunisia.

Of course, not everybody liked these proposals.

In hindsight, they reflected the colonialist tone in Europe at the time and didn't take into account the people who already lived in Africa.

People who didn't want a stream of Europeans flowing into the continent and claiming the land as their own.

Sorgel may have wanted to avert the crisis of war in Europe, but he didn't seem to care about disrupting the lives of African citizens instead.

And obviously, this wasn't the only criticism of the Atlantropa project as a whole.

Even if the project could properly be built, a lot of people were worried about public safety.

What if an earthquake or a terrorist attack caused one of the dams to collapse?

The Atlantic Ocean would rush back into the Mediterranean, completely obliterating all the towns and cities that Sorgel had managed to build.

There was also the overall cost to consider.

It's difficult to know an exact figure, but this project would have cost an eye watering sum.

The Zwiedersee works cost well over a billion US dollars, and they were hundreds of times smaller than Atlantropa.

To raise enough money to complete the project, all the countries in Europe would have needed to contribute.

And in the years before the European Union, such a massive level of cooperation was hardly likely to happen.

Finally, and perhaps most obviously, people questioned if the project was even feasible.

A lot of engineers just didn't think that Sorgel's plans would work, and looking back at them now, those engineers were probably right.

Even today, no dam has been built that comes close to the ones envisioned by Sorgel.

In the end, despite a lifelong campaign, he never had the chance to put his plans into action.

Instead, he had to watch his greatest fears come to pass.

In the the thirties, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party set out from Germany, Sorgell's home country, in the hope of finding more Lebensraum.

This wasn't the only thing that drove them, but it was certainly a key motivation.

So began the Second World War, as countries in Europe tried to defend themselves against the aggressive Nazi advance.

Not long after seeing his continent fall apart, Sorgell was killed in a car accident.

After his death, the dream of Atlantropa quickly faded.

But what do you think?

Is Sorgel's plan a good idea, and is it even possible to build such a massive megaproject?

Let us know in the comments below.

If you want to learn more about the Congo Dam we mentioned earlier, you should check out our video about it.

Thank you for watching, and as always, we'll see you in the next video.