Channel

Animation and Film

Autos and Vehicles

Music Videos

Pets and Animals

Sports

Travel & Events

Gaming

People and Blogs

Comedy

Entertainment

News and Politics

How to And Style

Education

Science And Technology

NonProfit & Activism

Others

Subtitles section

No translation

x 1.0

	Shortcuts	Functions
1	Space	Pause/Play video
2	Right arrow	Next subtitle
3	Left arrow	Previous subtitle
4	r	Repeat sentence

Bail reform, judicial shortage among top priorities for new minister of justice

Original YouTube Video | CBCNews Published on 2023-07-27 Level：91 Speed：95 maxwordlevel：24

Video vocabulary

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

overlook

US / ˌəʊvəˈlʊk /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈlʊk /

verb
To look down on; be able to see from
To miss noticing a mistake or problem

criminality

US / ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti /

•

UK / ˌkrɪməˈnælɪti /

noun
State of being a criminal

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

lofty

US / 'lɒftɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɔfti, ˈlɑf- /

adjecitve
Having high goals

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

indicate

US / ˈɪndɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪˌket /

verb
To show something; direct attention to; point out
To represent something using a symbol or sign

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

constitutional

US / ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju- /

adjecitve
Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
Regarding the basic health, character of a person

presence

US / ˈprezns /

•

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

noun
The same place or area that a person is
Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
Something not physically seen but felt to be there
Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

affordability

US / əˌfɔːdəˈbɪlɪti /

•

UK / əˌfɔrdəˈbɪləti /

noun
Cheap enough to buy something you want

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

fundamental

US / ˌfʌndəˈmentl /

•

UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Forming a necessary part, base, or core
noun
A basic part of something
(Music) the lowest note in a harmony

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

ottawa

US / 'ɒtəwə /

•

UK / 'ɑ:təwə /

other
A member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

core

US / kɔ:(r) /

•

UK / kɔr, kor /

noun
Important central part of something
verb
To take out the central section of a fruit

broad

US / brɔ:d /

•

UK / brɔd /

adjecitve
General; not detailed
Wide; from the shorter two sides to the other

brief

US / bri:f /

•

UK / brif /

adjecitve
(Of period of time) short; using few words
noun
Information and instructions given for a meeting
verb
To give information/instructions before a meeting

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

surprised

US / səˈpraɪzd /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzd /

adjecitve
Feeling a shock when something unexpected happens
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

differently

US / 'dɪfrəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəntlɪ /

adverb
In another and different manner

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

treat

US / tri:t /

•

UK / trit /

noun
Something you buy for others as a surprise present
something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
verb
To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
To act in a certain way toward someone

hammer

US / ˈhæmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhæmɚ /

noun
Part of a gun that causes a bullet to shoot out
Heavy metal tool for hitting a nail into wood
verb
To bring severe damage, harm, or blame upon
To defeat someone easily and totally
To hit at repeatedly causing a lot of noise
To use a hammer to hit into a particular shape
To hit nails into something with a hammer

qualified

US / ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd /

•

UK / ˈkwɑ:lɪfaɪd /

adjecitve
Having suitable abilities earned through study
verb
To earn a qualification through exam, studying
To (cause to) have the necessary skill or quality
To reach the next stage in a sporting event
To add conditions to limit what you said

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

clinic

US / ˈklɪnɪk /

•

UK / ˈklɪnɪk /

noun
Local medical center; department of a hospital

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

recommendation

US / ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeʃən /

noun
Act of suggesting something as a good choice

determination

US / dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / dɪˌtɚməˈneʃən /

noun
Will to achieve a goal despite difficulties

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

judiciary

US / dʒʊ'dɪʃərɪ /

•

UK / dʒuˈdɪʃiˌɛri, -ˈdɪʃəri /

noun
System of judges and courts in a country

swear

US / sweə(r) /

•

UK / swɛr /

verb
To say bad or impolite words to someone
To make a serious promise to do something

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

vigour

US / ˈvɪgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvɪɡɚ /

noun
Energy, strength, or good health

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

obstacle

US / ˈɒbstəkl /

•

UK / ˈɑbstəkəl /

noun
Object that blocks a path or course

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

pipeline

US / ˈpaɪplaɪn /

•

UK / ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn /

noun
Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
verb
To send through a series of pipes

bench

US / bentʃ /

•

UK / bɛntʃ /

noun
Part of the room in court where the judge sits
Long (wooden) seat 2 people often found in a park
Seating area for teams at a sports events
verb
To prevent a player from playing in a game

properly

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

adverb
In an appropriate or correct manner

wagner

US / ˈvɑːgnə /

•

UK / ˈwægnər /

other
Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture
Music of Wagner

incident

US / ˈɪnsɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈɪnsɪdənt /

noun
Event, usually unusual or important; accident

equality

US / iˈkwɒləti /

•

UK / iˈkwɑ:ləti /

noun
Idea that all people have the same rights

review

US / rɪˈvju: /

•

UK / rɪˈvju /

noun
Examination of soldiers and supplies
Opinion, as in a paper, about movie, book, or play
Studying again to remind yourself about something
verb
To carefully look at the quality of something
To formally examine something in the military
To write an opinion about movie, book, or play
To study again to remind yourself about something

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

functional

US / ˈfʌŋkʃənl /

•

UK / ˈfʌŋkʃənəl /

adjecitve
Useful; not just for decoration

wholesale

US / 'həʊlseɪl /

•

UK / ˈholˌsel /

adjecitve
Concerning the selling of goods in large amounts

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

police

US / pəˈli:s /

•

UK / pəˈlis /

adjecitve
Concerning the police and its business
noun
People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
verb
To control an area, or group with a police force

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

breadth

US / bredθ /

•

UK / brɛdθ /

noun
Width; distance from one side to the another

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

string

US / strɪŋ /

•

UK / strɪŋ /

noun
A line of connected objects
Thick thread; thin rope
verb
To tie or connect things together with a thread

lens

US / lenz /

•

UK / lɛnz /

noun
Structure in the eye or camera that focuses light
other
Pieces of glass or plastics to improve vision

attuned

US / əˈtjuːnd /

•

UK / əˈtuːnd /

verb
To adjust to a situation

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

piecemeal

US / ˈpi:smi:l /

•

UK / ˈpisˌmil /

adjecitve
Being assembled or done one piece at a time

minority

US / maɪ'nɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈnɔrɪti, -ˈnɑr-, maɪ- /

noun
Group that is smaller and different from the rest
Part that is less than half the whole; small part

premier

US / 'premɪə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈmɪr,-ˈmjɪr,ˈprimɪr /

adjecitve
Being the most influential, important, or best
noun
Prime minister of a country
verb
To show/be shown for the first time (of film, etc.)

committee

US / kəˈmɪti /

•

UK / kəˈmɪti /

noun
Group of people who do or decide something

supreme

US / su:ˈpri:m /

•

UK / sʊˈprim /

adjecitve
Greatest in degree/nature/quality; absolute best
Holding the highest power, status or authority

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

male

US / meɪl /

•

UK / ˈmel /

adjecitve
Characteristic of boys or men
noun
A member of the sex that fertilizes eggs

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

promotion

US / prə'məʊʃn /

•

UK / prəˈmoʃən /

noun
Act of advertising a product to people
Movement to a higher position or rank in a company

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

comfortable

US / ˈkʌmftəbl /

•

UK / ˈkʌmfətəbəl, ˈkʌmftəbəl /

adjecitve
Having more than enough e.g. money for your needs
Being relaxed, warm or happy

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

desk

US / desk /

•

UK / dɛsk /

noun
Piece of furniture like a table often with drawers

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

staff

US / stɑ:f /

•

UK / stæf /

noun
Employees of a company
Long stick that a person uses to help them walk
verb
To hire workers for a business

appointment

US / əˈpɔɪntmənt /

•

UK / əˈpɔɪntmənt /

noun
Job, position or duty that is offered to a person
Time you arranged to meet someone or do something

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

appoint

US / ə'pɔɪnt /

•

UK / əˈpɔɪnt /

verb
To officially choose a person for a job, position

shuffle

US / 'ʃʌfl /

•

UK / ˈʃʌfəl /

verb
To change the order of items/people in a group

calibre

US / ˈkælɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæləbɚ /

noun
Degree or grade of excellence or worth

post

US / pəʊst /

•

UK / post /

noun
Message delivered or shared in an online group
Piece of wood, metal in the ground for support
Job or position within an organization or company
Place where a soldier, etc. is ordered to go
verb
To send a letter or package using stamps
To share a message on an internet discussion group
To send a soldier somewhere to do a job
To put a message in public for everyone to see

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

proceed

US / prəˈsi:d /

•

UK / proʊˈsi:d /

verb
To continue to do something; carry on
To go forward in a certain direction

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

attorney

US / ə'tɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / əˈtɚni /

noun
Person giving legal advice; a lawyer

lived

US / 'lɪvd /

•

UK / 'lɪvd /

verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

tactic

US / 'tæktɪk /

•

UK / ˈtæktɪk /

noun
One of the ways you attempt to achieve a strategy

useful

US / ˈju:sfl /

•

UK / ˈjusfəl /

adjecitve
That can help with a particular task

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

underlie

US / ˌʌndəˈlaɪ /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈlaɪ /

verb
To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
To lie or exist beneath

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

communication

US / kəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Talking to people; giving information to people

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

board

US / bɔ:d /

•

UK / bɔrd, bord /

noun
Surface for posting or showing information
Group of persons who direct an organization
Long piece of material used for riding the waves
Long thin piece of wood, used for building; plank
verb
To enter a ship, plane, or other vehicle
To cover with long wooden strips of wood
To pay money to live in someone's house; lodge

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

transit

US / ˈtrænzɪt /

•

UK / ˈtrænsɪt, -zɪt /

adjecitve
Concerning a transport system in a city
noun
System of transportation, often in a city
Process of changing planes at airports
verb
To change from one airplane to another at airports

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

applicant

US / ˈæplɪkənt /

•

UK / ˈæplɪkənt /

noun
Someone formally expressing interest e.g. in a job

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

justin

US / 'dʒʌstɪn /

•

UK / 'dʒʌstɪn /

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

urge

US / ɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɚdʒ /

noun
A strong desire for something
Strong pressure on someone to do something
verb
To drive something forward
To ask or encourage someone to do something

delighted

US / dɪˈlaɪtɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈlaɪtɪd /

adjecitve
Greatly pleased; filled with wonder and delight
verb
To give someone pleasure or joy

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

shortage

US / ˈʃɔ:tɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈʃɔ:rtɪdʒ /

noun
A lack of something necessary

efficiently

US / ɪ'fɪʃntlɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that does not create waste

dedicated

US / 'dedɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd /

verb
To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
To give your energy, time, etc. completely

request

US / rɪ'kwest /

•

UK / rɪˈkwɛst /

noun
Thing that has been asked for
verb
To ask for, usually politely and formally

exchange

US / ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / ɪksˈtʃendʒ /

noun
Sharing/directing a look, etc. at someone else
Short discussion or talk
The place you can change money to another currency
Place where things or services are exchanged
Act of returning something to a store
Act of giving a thing in return for another thing
verb
To share (a look, a few words etc.)
To sell one currency to get another
To return something to a store
To give things of similar value to each other

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

purse

US / pɜ:s /

•

UK / pɚs /

noun
Small bag for carrying money and other things
verb
To make your lips into a kiss shape

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

torontonians

US / /

•

UK / /

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

expeditiously

US / ˌekspə'dɪʃəslɪ /

•

UK / ˌekspə'dɪʃəslɪ /

adverb
With speed and efficiency

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

earnest

US / ˈɜ:nɪst /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rnɪst /

adjecitve
Serious; determined; not light-hearted

violent

US / ˈvaɪələnt /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələnt /

adjecitve
Done with force; likely to produce physical damage

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

newcomer

US / ˈnju:kʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnuˌkʌmɚ, ˈnju- /

noun
Person who arrives, often with a promising future

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

violence

US / ˈvaɪələns /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələns /

noun
Strong physical force of nature
Use of physical force to harm someone

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

housing

US / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

noun
Homes; houses in general
Cover for a machine
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

enthusiastic

US / ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk /

•

UK / ɛnˌθuziˈæstɪk /

adjecitve
Excited and interested in something

fresh

US / freʃ /

•

UK / frɛʃ /

adjecitve
Clean; not used or dirty
Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
Newly made or gathered
(Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

debate

US / dɪ'beɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈbet /

noun
General public discussion of a topic
A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
verb
To consider options before making a decision
To take part in a formal discussion

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

warn

US / wɔ:n /

•

UK / wɔrn /

verb
To tell someone about possible danger

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

expedite

US / 'ekspədaɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛkspɪˌdaɪt /

verb
To hurry up; speed up a process

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

uniform

US / ˈju:nɪfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈju:nɪfɔ:rm /

adjecitve
Not changing your conduct or opinion
noun
Set of clothes showing you belong to an army, etc.
verb
To dress in formal clothes like the army wear
To make a group of things the same

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

asian

US / ˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈeɪʃn /

noun
A native or inhabitant of Asia
other
Of or relating to or characteristic of Asia or the peoples of Asia or their languages or culture

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

cooperate

US / kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / koˈɑpəˌret /

verb
To work together with, to assist someone

pace

US / peɪs /

•

UK / pes /

noun
Rate of speed at which something moves or happens
Single step, often used to measure a distance
verb
To set and control your speed, as in a race
To walk with slow purposeful steps

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

myself

US / maɪˈself /

•

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same person who did the action mentioned
My regular, usual, or healthy self

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

swift

US / swɪft /

•

UK / swɪft /

adjecitve
Quick

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

criminal

US / ˈkrɪmɪnl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪmənəl /

adjecitve
Involving illegal activity; relating to crime
Not justifiable; shameful
noun
Person who commits a crime

constituent

US / kənˈstɪtjuənt /

•

UK / kənˈstɪtʃuənt /

noun
Necessary part or element of something else

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

convict

US / kənˈvɪkt /

•

UK / kənˈvɪkt /

noun
Person in prison
verb
To say someone is guilty of a crime in a law court

opposition

US / ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn /

noun
Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
Group that you are fighting or competing against

incredible

US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

adjecitve
Very good; amazing
Really good; amazing; great
Very hard to believe

necessarily

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

•

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

adverb
In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

enthusiasm

US / ɪnˈθju:ziæzəm /

•

UK / ɛnˈθuziˌæzəm /

noun
Hobby or interest that you are passionate about
Great interest and excitement in something

occur

US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈkɚ /

verb
To come to pass or to happen

predecessor

US / ˈpri:dɪsesə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛdɪˌsɛsɚ, ˈpridɪ- /

noun
Something that comes before another in a series
Previous person who held a position, job etc.

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

elect

US / ɪ'lekt /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkt /

verb
To select someone for a position by voting

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

hurdle

US / 'hɜ:dl /

•

UK / ˈhɚdl /

noun
Small fence a person or horse jumps over in a race
Problem that makes it hard to achieve something
verb
To run and jump over something
To overcome a problem to achieve something

occupy

US / 'ɒkjʊpaɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ /

verb
To enter and take control of land/property
To fill a time, a space, or an area
To live in a particular building
To fill someone's thoughts or make a person busy

prioritize

US / praɪˈɒrətaɪz /

•

UK / praɪˈɔ:rətaɪz /

verb
To rank things in importance

champagne

US / ʃæmˈpeɪn /

•

UK / ʃæmˈpen /

noun
French sparkling drink used for celebrations

respond

US / rɪ'spɒnd /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

verb
To answer something or someone
To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

pleasantly

US / 'plezntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈplɛzn:tlɪ /

adverb
In a cheerful manner

inherit

US / ɪn'herɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈhɛrɪt /

verb
To have a quality or feature passed down at birth
To receive property or money after someone dies
To receive something that belonged to someone else

demonstrably

US / 'demənstrəblɪ /

•

UK / 'demənstrəblɪ /

adverb
In an obvious and provable manner

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

renew

US / rɪ'nju: /

•

UK / rɪˈnu, -ˈnju /

verb
To make something stronger, fresher, or like new
To replace something old or worn by something new
To make something valid again for future period
To begin again after stopping, as with more energy

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

press

US / pres /

•

UK / prɛs /

noun
Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
General term for TV, radio, newspapers
A machine that prints books and newspapers
verb
To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
To repeatedly ask someone to do something
To print something such as a book or newspaper
To push something against something else
To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

judicial

US / dʒuˈdɪʃl /

•

UK / dʒuˈdɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the orders and laws of a court

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

finance

US / ˈfaɪnæns /

•

UK / fəˈnæns, faɪ-, ˈfaɪˌnæns /

adjecitve
Concerned with money
noun
Control of money a person, business has access to
verb
To support someone or something financially

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

guide

US / ɡaɪd /

•

UK / ɡaɪd /

noun
Book or a magazine containing information/advice
Person leading others visiting an unknown place
verb
To help or advise someone about something
To control missile to hit a target by radio signal
To lead people visiting a new or unknown place

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

preempt

US / prɪ'empt /

•

UK / priˈɛmpt /

verb
To stop other actions from happening

arise

US / əˈraɪz /

•

UK / əˈraɪz /

verb
To stand up
To result or happen due to a particular event

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

secretary

US / 'sekrətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛkrɪˌtɛri /

noun
Office worker who makes appointments, etc.
Official in charge of a governmental department

legislation

US / ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən /

noun
Act or process of writing and passing laws

diverse

US / daɪˈvɜ:s /

•

UK / dɪˈvɚs, daɪ-, ˈdaɪˌvɚs /

adjecitve
Being varied or different from each other
Very different from each other

superior

US / su:'pɪərɪə(r) /

•

UK / sʊˈpɪriɚ /

adjecitve
Better; higher quality
noun
The senior person in a monastic community
Person of higher rank than you

congrat

US / /

•

UK / /

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

office

US / ˈɒfɪs /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

noun
Room or building used for business
Important job position, often in a government

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

intact

US / ɪn'tækt /

•

UK / ɪn'tækt /

adjecitve
Being complete, without damaged or missing parts

mental

US / ˈmentl /

•

UK / ˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Concerning the mind

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

trudeau

US / truˈdoʊ /

•

UK / /

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

dossier

US / ˈdɒsieɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɔ:sieɪ /

noun
File on someone's life and e.g. criminal activity

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

lawyer

US / ˈlɔ:jə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɔjɚ /

noun
Professional who helps people with the law

pleased

US / pliːzd /

•

UK / pliːzd /

adjecitve
Being happy and satisfied
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

remedy

US / 'remədɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛmɪdi,'rɛmədɪ /

noun
Way to solve or fix a problem
Treatment that relieves pain or cures illness
verb
To solve or correct a problem

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

appreciably

US / əˈpriːʃəbli /

•

UK / əˈpriːʃəbli /

adverb
Considerably; noticeably

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

fair

US / feə(r) /

•

UK / fɛr /

adjecitve
Neither very good nor very bad; average
(Of skin) light colored; not dark
Quite good; quite a lot
Treating all people the same way
(Of hair) light colored; blonde
(Of weather) sunny; not raining
noun
Event for companies to show their products
Event to sell things to help a charity

dedicate

US / 'dedɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌket /

verb
To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
To give your energy, time, etc. completely

passage

US / 'pæsɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈpæsɪdʒ /

noun
Process of moving through time
Journey by ship from one place to another
Narrow opening which things can go through

purview

US / ˈpɜ:vju: /

•

UK / ˈpɜ:rvju: /

noun
Area of authority, knowledge of influence

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

therefore

US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

adverb
And so; for that reason

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

whose

US / hu:z /

•

UK / huz /

pronoun
Refers to the person who owns something

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

parliamentarian

US / ˌpɑ:ləmənˈteəriən /

•

UK / ˌpɑ:rləmənˈteriən /

noun
Elected member of the British Parliament

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

academic

US / ˌækə'demɪk /

•

UK / ˌækəˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
Unimportant or irrelevant; trivial
noun
Educator teaching at a college or university
other
Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

litigate

US / ˈlɪtɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪtɪɡeɪt /

verb
To bring an issue to a court of law

message

US / 'mesɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɛsɪdʒ /

noun
Main idea or theme in a story, book, or film
Piece of information that is told/given to someone
verb
To communicate using text

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

tremendous

US / trəˈmendəs /

•

UK / trɪˈmɛndəs /

adjecitve
Very good or very impressive

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

shortly

US / ˈʃɔ:tli /

•

UK / ˈʃɔrtli /

adverb
Quickly; soon; in a moment
In an unfriendly or rude way

predetermine

US / ˌpri:dɪˈtɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / ˌpri:dɪˈtɜ:rmɪn /

verb
To decide or determine ahead of time

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

briefing

US / ˈbri:fɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbrifɪŋ /

noun
Giving information and instructions for a meeting
verb
To give information and instructions in a meeting

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

outline

US / ˈaʊtlaɪn /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌlaɪn /

noun
Line around the outer edge of something
A summary of the important points of a plan, etc.
verb
To draw around the outer edges of something
To summarize the important points of a plan, etc.

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

forthcoming

US / ˌfɔ:θˈkʌmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌfɔ:rθˈkʌmɪŋ /

adjecitve
About to appear, happen or arrive

seek

US / si:k /

•

UK / sik /

verb
To ask someone for help
To search for; try to find or do; look for
To try to achieve something

demotion

US / diːˈməʊʃn /

•

UK / diːˈmoʊʃn /

noun
Act of lowering someone in rank or position

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

parliament

US / ˈpɑ:ləmənt /

•

UK / ˈpɑrləmənt /

noun
Elected officials who govern a country (in the UK)
Period when the Uk government is in session

candidate

US / ˈkændɪdət /

•

UK / ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt /

noun
Politician who is running for public office

consultation

US / ˌkɒnslˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnsəlˈteʃən /

noun
Meeting with a doctor or specialist to get advice
A discussion between people to make a decision

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

absentia

US / æbˈsenʃiə /

•

UK / æbˈsenʃiə /

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

judge

US / dʒʌdʒ /

•

UK / dʒʌdʒ /

noun
Person who decides on the results of a contest
Person who has the power to make a decision
verb
To reach a decision about who won a contest
To form an opinion after careful consideration
To make a decision in court

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

prison

US / 'prɪzn /

•

UK / ˈprɪzən /

noun
Place the court puts criminals as punishment; jail

inform

US / ɪnˈfɔ:m /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔ:rm /

verb
To give information or facts about something

stakeholder

US / ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsteɪkhoʊldə(r) /

noun
Someone who holds a financial share of a business

attract

US / ə'trækt /

•

UK / əˈtrækt /

verb
To make something move closer using magnetic force
To make someone notice and become interested in

align

US / əˈlaɪn /

•

UK / əˈlaɪn /

verb
To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

liberal

US / 'lɪbərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl /

adjecitve
Open-minded; willing to hear others' opinions
Political party for freedom and social change
Supporting progress and social change
Not being strict
noun
Someone who is open-minded and favors progress

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

slowly

US / ˈsləʊli /

•

UK / ˈsloʊli /

adverb
In an unhurried or not speedy manner

convene

US / kənˈvi:n /

•

UK / kənˈvin /

verb
To come together for a meeting or activity

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

bill

US / bɪl /

•

UK / bɪl /

noun
Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
Sign or poster advertising something
Paper money; a bank note
Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
Person's name
verb
To request payment by handing over an invoice

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

everywhere

US / ˈevriweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈevriwer /

adverb
Every place

partner

US / 'pɑ:tnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtnɚ /

noun
One you have a business/personal relationship with
Someone you have personal relationship with
verb
To join with others for work or other activity

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

unanimity

US / ˌju:nəˈnɪməti /

•

UK / ˌjunəˈnɪmɪti /

noun
Complete agreement; unanimous

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

cabinet

US / ˈkæbɪnət /

•

UK / ˈkæbənɪt /

noun
Piece of furniture resembling a cupboard
Group of advisors to a leader of a government

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

conservative

US / kənˈsɜ:vətɪv /

•

UK / kənˈsɚvətɪv /

adjecitve
(Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
Resistant to change
noun
Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

diversity

US / daɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈvə:sɪti, daɪ- /

noun
Having a range of different races, ideas etc.

parliamentary

US / ˌpɑ:ləˈmentri /

•

UK / ˌpɑ:rləˈmentri /

adjecitve
Related to, or suitable for, a parliament

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

respect

US / rɪ'spekt /

•

UK / rɪˈspɛkt /

noun
Behavior that follows the established rules
Admiration for someone
Regard or admiration for someone or something
verb
To follow the established rules
To think very highly of another person

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

vacancy

US / ˈveɪkənsi /

•

UK / ˈvekənsi /

noun
Space or position available for occupancy

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

depth

US / depθ /

•

UK / dɛpθ /

noun
Distance below a surface

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

requirement

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

noun
A demand that someone does something
Something that is a necessity

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

extradite

US / ˈekstrədaɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪt /

verb
To send someone to another country to stand trial

toronto

US / tə'rɒntəʊ /

•

UK / tə'rɑnto /

proper noun
A city in Canada, capital of Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario; population 2,503,281 (2

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

petition

US / pə'tɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈtɪʃən /

noun
Request to an authority to change something
verb
To request an authority to make a change

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

senate

US / 'senət /

•

UK / ˈsɛnɪt /

noun
A board of governors at a college or university

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

fairness

US / ˈfeənəs /

•

UK / ˈfernəs /

noun
Situation when everyone is treated equally

silo

US / 'saɪləʊ /

•

UK / ˈsaɪlo /

noun
Underground installation for firing missiles

safety

US / ˈseɪfti /

•

UK / ˈsefti /

noun
Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
State of being free from harm or danger

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

passionate

US / ˈpæʃənət /

•

UK / ˈpæʃənɪt /

adjecitve
Being easily excited to strong emotions
Having strong sexual desires

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

iced

US / aɪst /

•

UK / aɪst /

adjecitve
With frozen water in it, to cool it
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

concerned

US / kənˈsɜ:nd /

•

UK / kənˈsə:nd /

adjecitve
Worried or anxious
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

stab

US / stæb /

•

UK / stæb /

verb
To strike a blow with a knife, as to kill someone

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

inquire

US / ɪn'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈkwaɪr /

verb
To ask a question to get information

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

omission

US / əˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / oˈmɪʃən /

noun
Something left out or not done

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

surprise

US / səˈpraɪz /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

adjecitve
That surprises you; not expected
noun
Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

belief

US / bɪˈli:f /

•

UK / bɪˈlif /

noun
Being sure that something exists or is true
Trust in an idea or set of ideas
A particular opinion about something

portfolio

US / pɔ:t'fəʊlɪəʊ /

•

UK / pɔrtˈfoliˌo, port- /

noun
A list of the financial assets held by someone
List of work submitted to a teacher/for approval

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

yours

US / jɔ:z /

•

UK / jʊrz, jɔrz, jorz /

pronoun
Something the other person has

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

articulate

US / ɑ:ˈtɪkjuleɪt /

•

UK / ɑ:rˈtɪkjuleɪt /

verb
To express something clearly using language

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

diversify

US / daɪˈvɜ:sɪfaɪ /

•

UK / daɪˈvɜ:rsɪfaɪ /

verb
To make or become more varied
To change something and make it more varied
To add more, different businesses to your main one

finish

US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

noun
End of something; completion
Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
verb
To use or consume all of something
To reach the end; to complete something
To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

slow

US / sləʊ /

•

UK / sloʊ /

adjecitve
Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
(Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
Having difficulty understanding simple things
Moving or happening without speed; not fast
verb
To move, with less speed than before
To move or go without much speed

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

refugee

US / ˌrefjuˈdʒi: /

•

UK / ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi /

noun
Person forced to leave their home e.g. due to war

trial

US / ˈtraɪəl /

•

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

adjecitve
Being made or done as a test or experiment
noun
Hearing and judgment of a case in court
Act or process of testing or experimenting
verb
To be made or done as a test or experiment

october

US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

•

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

noun
10th month of the year

offender

US / ə'fendə(r) /

•

UK / əˈfɛndɚ /

noun
Person who breaks a law or other rule

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

reform

US / rɪ'fɔ:m /

•

UK / rɪˈfɔrm /

noun
An improvement, especially in a person's behaviour or in the structure of something
verb
To re-shape something to a better condition
To (cause to) lead a non-criminal life
To improve society by removing abuse/injustice
To re-shape something into a different form

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

september

US / sepˈtembə(r) /

•

UK / sɛpˈtɛmbɚ /

noun
9th month of the year

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

familiar

US / fəˈmɪliə(r) /

•

UK / fəˈmɪljɚ /

adjecitve
Well-known or easily recognized

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

Subtitles section

You've said that a minister's presence in your cabinet indicates your confidence in them.

David Lamedi is no longer in cabinet.

Why did you lose confidence in him?

David Lamedi has been an extraordinary team member and will continue to be a great member of the Liberal team for many years to come.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is still not explaining why David Lamedi is out of cabinet and a newcomer is in his place as Minister of Justice.

That's Arif Farhani being sworn in as Minister of Justice and Attorney General.

His predecessor Lamedi has said little about the move but did call it a surprise.

Farhani inherits a high-pressure file with Conservatives and provincial leaders repeatedly calling for swift action on issues like bail reform.

For more on this new promotion, we're joined by the new Justice Minister Arif Farhani.

Minister, congratulations and welcome to the show.

Thank you very much.

Big promotion for you but a big demotion for David Lamedi.

A surprise move.

Have you spoken to Mr Lamedi at all since you've taken on this job?

You were his Parliamentary Secretary for a while.

I was.

I was his Parliamentary Secretary for a number of years and I've got tremendous respect for David.

He did incredible work as the Justice Minister and as a Parliamentarian and we've been exchanging some messages and I will be speaking to him very shortly.

Were you surprised when the Prime Minister asked you to take on the Justice portfolio as your very first cabinet post?

I was pleasantly surprised.

Let's just say that I think there's probably not a lot of lawyers in the country that don't sort of dream of lofty things such as being the Attorney General of Canada.

So when I was asked, I was absolutely delighted and enthusiastic and very, very pleased.

But I think it's a significant one but I think I would have been more surprised had I not had three and a half years under two different Justice Ministers as Parliamentary Secretary.

So it's definitely a building, a file, a dossier that I feel comfortable with and as I've been getting briefed up, a lot of the staff have remained over the years.

So there's familiar faces and a lot of familiar issues.

A lot of familiar issues.

One of your immediate challenges is going to be on bail reform.

Something that the Conservatives have been hammering your government about and will now be hammering you about when Parliament comes back in the fall.

The House rose before passing the changes to bail reform there.

Did your government let down Canadians by not getting that done before the summer break?

I don't think so.

I think the government and Canadians need to know that this is a fundamental priority for me.

One of the first things I inquired about is what justice bills are pending right now.

C-48 is one of them.

That's something that I'm going to focus on as a top priority the second the House convenes in September.

I think what Canadians need to know is that in a minority parliament it requires more than one party to pass a bill.

The official opposition can cooperate with us if they share this pressing priority for bail reform.

They can help us get that across the finish line.

Unfortunately, there were some tactics, some obstruction in May and June in the House of Commons that prevented second reading debate for even getting going in earnest on this bill.

That's something that we don't want to see.

I think it's in everyone's interest, including the opposition's as well as all Canadians' interest to see this passed off to the Senate as fast as possible.

But the government was able to get a bunch of legislation through.

You've got a confidence and supply partner with the NDP.

So I just wonder what message does it send that you weren't able to get this one done when so many people from police forces, the premiers, have been pushing for it?

I think the message to police forces and premiers is that the unanimity that we had in terms of the consultations that we had on the bill, the fact that we gathered different stakeholders in the justice system,

The fact that the premiers were on board, the chiefs of police, we had other legal stakeholders involved.

Everyone spoke with one voice and was uniform.

The dangerous violent offenders, people using weapons need to be treated differently in terms of bail reform.

That's important.

We've heard them at the time we were developing the bill.

We hear them now.

I hear them and what we're going to be doing, what I will be doing, is prioritizing the passage of this bill through the Commons as fast as possible this fall.

You're a Toronto MP and so you know full well all of the issues around public safety, shootings, stabbings, violent incidents on transit.

A lot of people saying this is linked to the bail system.

Wholesale change in justice, public safety.

Is that an omission by your government that your government, or an omission by the Prime Minister really, that the government hasn't performed on those key issues as well as Canadians would like?

I think the cabinet shuffle is obviously at the purview of the Prime Minister.

I think what you're seeing with this cabinet is fresh perspectives and some fresh faces, other people changing portfolios.

But as a Toronto MP, I also appreciate that some of the criminality and some of the violence that we're seeing is informed by multiple different perspectives.

We can talk about housing.

We can talk about mental health and addictions.

We can talk about criminal justice reform.

I think looking at that in only one silo just with the criminal justice lens would be inaccurate and inappropriate and not provide the service we need to Torontonians and to other Canadians.

So we're looking at it from a multifaceted perspective.

My part as AG and Minister of Justice is to take care of the criminal justice reform and that's what I'm dedicated to do.

But you mentioned housing, you mentioned mental health and you mentioned justice.

All of those changed.

You know when things are going well in those areas in dealing with fundamental issues of public safety like this, you don't necessarily shake those things up.

But the Prime Minister felt a need to do it.

How do you think Canadians should view the fact that those core priorities that are all dealing with these underlying circumstances to the violence we're seeing were all changed?

I think people should read in the fact that we've got a strong team.

We've got a lot of depth.

The Prime Minister wanted some new faces in some certain roles.

Other faces, as I said, had shifted.

But I think if you're taking a macro perspective on the Cabinet shelf, you can also look at the faces that didn't move.

Chrystia Freeland remains the Finance Minister, key person in terms of having her hands on the purse strings in terms of what we're doing on basic affordability measures, for example.

Francois-Philippe Champagne remained in the role of Industry Minister at ICED, really critical in terms of attracting investment into the country.

I think what Canadians are looking for is a government that keeps Canadians safe but also is attuned to their challenges in terms of cost of living, affordability and also job creation.

And a lot of those key portfolios remained intact.

I think having some fresh perspectives like mine with respect to criminal justice reform is useful and also renewed vigor and enthusiasm in terms of getting things done expeditiously.

Getting things done expeditiously, one of the challenges in your department has been a slow pace of judicial appointments to the point where the Supreme Court Justice Richard Wagner warned the Prime Minister of the consequences of these continued vacancies.

Both offices play a role, yours and the PMO.

How do you get them aligned and fix this challenge?

I think you get them aligned and fix the pace at which appointments need to be made by ensuring that people are speaking with one another, people aren't working in silos.

You asked me about briefings that I've had.

One of the first briefings I had was about judicial appointments and where we are.

Obviously, my office overlooks the Supreme Court of Canada.

As a constitutional lawyer who spent time litigating in various courts around the country, the importance of the Supreme Court of Canada goes without saying.

It's critical to fill that vacancy and fill it quickly.

But it's everywhere at all levels of the judiciary, right?

It's not just the Supreme Court that the Chief Justice is warning about as trial lawyers.

It's superior court judges that you may appoint that it's just happening too slowly.

Yes.

And I think the point is well taken in terms of there are vacancies at different levels.

Obviously, the Supreme Court one stands out.

But what I would say is that we've done a large number of appointments thus far.

There are others in the pipeline.

What we need to do is be attracting applicants.

We need to be vetting them quickly.

We need to ensure that what are called the judicial appointments committees are fully staffed and functional.

And we need to be expediting our review of those applications.

All the while, we're seeking both qualified applicants, but also people that bring a breadth of diversity and experience in terms of lived experience to that role.

I think diversifying the bench is a critical thing that we need to be doing more of so that that bench represents the candidate that it serves.

Has the vetting and the staffing of the appointments, has that not been happening up until now?

You mentioned working in silos.

Has Justice and PMO been working in a silo to this point that has caused this slow pace of appointments?

I think Justice and PMO are never working in silos.

We're always working in hand in hand.

But I think what's important is that as a new minister, I'm going to just dedicate myself to making sure the lines of communication are clear.

People are tasked with what they need to do and doing it efficiently and effectively so that we can address these issues quickly, preempting any potential hurdles or obstacles from arising, but also ensuring that we're doing the work quickly to meet the needs of the court.

I think it's important in terms of the broad scale picture.

I think Canadians that are watching, what they want to know is that we're concerned about their safety.

We're concerned about their access to judicial remedies.

That means having properly staffed courts, including with judges of the highest caliber that represent that diversity.

That's something I'm dedicated to.

I worked on that as Parliamentary Secretary.

As a Ugandan Muslim refugee, a South Asian male occupying this lofty post, I'm doubling down on that in terms of what the work that I will do in terms of ensuring a diverse, highly qualified bench that is delivered for Canadians and delivered quickly for Canadians.

One of the other issues you'll be in charge of is extradition.

And there's a parliamentary committee that has made recommendations for significant changes to the extradition system here in Canada.

And today, Hassan Diab, whose case as a Ottawa academic who was extradited to France and spent time in jail, was sent home because the case fell apart and has now been convicted in absentia.

They delivered a petition to the Prime Minister's office urging you and the Prime Minister to not extradite him should France request it and to reform the extradition system.

Would you consider an extradition request from France for Hassan Diab?

And do you think the extradition system needs changes?

OK, so I'll take that sort of piecemeal.

So, in terms of the committee, the Justice Committee, and it's a review of the parliamentary committee and it's a review of sort of the Extradition Act and the requested changes that are being called for,

There's a 120-day requirement under the standing orders to respond to that.

That response will be forthcoming around September or October of this year.

So, I will be looking at that and getting briefed on that file.

So, I'm not going to comment on that.

With respect to the extradition request itself, I mean, David, I think you know I can't comment on that directly.

And there's a good reason why I can't.

The way an extradition process occurs is that there's a request from a foreign state.

It goes to the Department of Justice.

They work up the file.

If it then proceeds out of the Department of Justice, it goes to a court of law.

The court makes a decision on the extradition and then it comes to the desk of the Minister of Justice for a final determination.

I can't be seen to be influencing or predetermining any step in that process.

Therefore, I cannot comment on Mr Diab's case.

But as a matter of fairness, we've extradited him as a country once.

He spent three years in a French prison.

The case fell apart.

He was sent home.

Would it be fair to him as a human being to send him a second time?

So, again, I cannot comment on that for the reasons I've articulated.

It wouldn't be fair to Mr Diab.

It wouldn't be fair to the process that's been outlined.

Okay.

Just as a final point, what would be the number one thing you hope to do in your term as Minister of Justice?

We talked about bail reform.

We talked about the judicial shortage.

What's your priority for the department?

My priority is ensuring the safety of Canadians and what that means in terms of criminal justice reform, in terms of ensuring that the bail reform bill gets passed as quickly as possible.

But my broad scale priority has always been, as a person who decided to become a lawyer because of a passionate belief in equality, combating discrimination and fundamental human rights, is ensuring that we have a justice system that renders fairness,

That is one that is appreciably and demonstrably diverse for Canadians and one that promotes access to justice at multiple levels.

One of the guiding things that I did as a young lawyer is I helped to create a legal clinic in Toronto that promotes access to justice for low-income South Asians in Toronto.

I'm very, very proud of that.

But as Minister of Justice, I feel like there's a lot more work that can be done with respect to those kinds of issues.

And I'm dedicated to doing that, to serving the constituents who elected me and all Canadians.