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Brazil's WW3 Plan

Original YouTube Video | TheInfographicsShow Published on 2023-05-18 Level：92 Speed：61 maxwordlevel：28

Video vocabulary

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

notably

US / ˈnəʊtəbli /

•

UK / ˈnoʊtəbli /

adverb
In a way that deserves notice; particularly

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

fleet

US / fli:t /

•

UK / flit /

noun
Group of ships under one commander

merchant

US / ˈmɜ:tʃənt /

•

UK / ˈmɜ:rtʃənt /

noun
Someone who buys and sells goods
Person who buys, sells, or trades different goods

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

liability

US / ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Something that is owed to someone else, e.g. debt
Person, thing that causes problems for someone

influx

US / ˈɪnflʌks /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌflʌks /

noun
Sudden arrival of many people or things

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

technique

US / tekˈni:k /

•

UK / tɛkˈnik /

noun
Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

suez

US / ˈsuːɪz /

•

UK / ˈsuɛz /

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

troop

US / tru:p /

•

UK / trup /

noun
Group of people
Group of mammals or birds
A group of soldiers
verb
To walk past in a group or large number
To move or gather in a crowd

assist

US / əˈsɪst /

•

UK / əˈsɪst /

verb
To help

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

organization

US / ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən /

noun
Group of people with a particular purpose

rethink

US / ˌri:ˈθɪŋk /

•

UK / riˈθɪŋk /

verb
To reconsider or think again about something

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

pan

US / pæn /

•

UK / pæn /

noun
Open metal container used for cooking
Steel drum
Big, flat bowl, used to find gold with water
verb
To follow an object being filmed with a camera
To criticize, e.g. a film, in a strong way
To sort gold from other materials using water

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

loom

US / lu:m /

•

UK / lum /

noun
Device with a frame used to make cloth from thread
verb
To appear in a large, unclear, or threatening form
(Of unpleasant thing) to be close to happening

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

seek

US / si:k /

•

UK / sik /

verb
To ask someone for help
To search for; try to find or do; look for
To try to achieve something

geopolitical

US / ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˌdʒi:oʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

adjecitve
Concerning geopolitics

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

neighbour

US / 'neɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnebɚ /

noun
Person who lives, or is near, you

horn

US / hɔ:n /

•

UK / hɔ:rn /

noun
Device that makes a loud warning noise
(Animals) hard pointed structure growing on heads
Material from animal antlers
Metal wind instrument

mineral

US / 'mɪnərəl /

•

UK / ˈmɪnərəl /

noun
Substance naturally formed in the ground

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

involvement

US / ɪnˈvɒlvmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑːlvmənt /

noun
Act or process of joining in a particular activity

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

understatement

US / ˈʌndəsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstetmənt, ˈʌndɚˌstet- /

noun
Description undervaluing how important a thing is

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

russia

US / 'rʌʃə /

•

UK / 'rʌʃə /

proper noun
A country in northern Asia and eastern Europe; population 143,500,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Mos

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

alcantara

US / ɑlkɑnˈtɑrə /

•

UK / /

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

naturally

US / ˈnætʃrəli /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəli, ˈnætʃrə- /

adverb
In the expected or usual way
Without the aid of someone or something

kazakhstan

US / ˌkæzək'stæn /

•

UK / ˌkæzək'stæn /

noun
A landlocked republic to the south of Russia and to the northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original T

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

crosshairs

US / 'krɒsheəz /

•

UK / 'krɒsherz /

other
Center of interest

atlantic

US / æt'læntɪk /

•

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

adjecitve
Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

scorn

US / skɔ:n /

•

UK / skɔ:rn /

noun
Feeling that something is not worthy of respect
verb
To show someone is not worthy of your respect

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

kinetic

US / kɪˈnetɪk /

•

UK / kɪˈnɛtɪk, kaɪ- /

adjecitve
Of or relating to movement

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

pacific

US / pə'sɪfɪk /

•

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

numerous

US / ˈnju:mərəs /

•

UK / ˈnumərəs, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Existing in large numbers

tie

US / taɪ /

•

UK / taɪ /

noun
Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
Strong connection between people, countries
When both sides in a game, vote get same score
One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
Something that lessens a person's freedom
Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
verb
To attach things (together) with a string or rope
To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
To require someone to be in a specific place

asset

US / 'æset /

•

UK / ˈæsˌɛt /

noun
Thing that has value to you

belt

US / belt /

•

UK / bɛlt /

noun
Band of material worn around a person's waist
Area with a lot of a particular feature e.g. corn
verb
To leave somewhere quickly (UK use)
To put a belt around something or someone

fiction

US / ˈfɪkʃn /

•

UK / ˈfɪkʃən /

noun
Made-up stories; imagined events
False statement or account about something

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

distant

US / 'dɪstənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

adjecitve
Unfriendly; cold
Existing or happening far away in place or time
(Of relationships) not being closely related

evade

US / ɪˈveɪd /

•

UK / ɪˈved /

verb
To avoid being captured; avoid answering

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

australia

US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

•

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

noun
The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

swedish

US / 'swi:dɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈswidɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Sweden

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

dramatically

US / drə'mætɪklɪ /

•

UK / drəˈmætɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In a sudden or extreme manner

unless

US / ənˈles /

•

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

conjunction
Negative of 'if'

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

partnership

US / ˈpɑ:tnəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rtnərʃɪp /

noun
Shared business relationship with someone
Working with others for some purpose

crossroad

US / 'krɔ:srəʊd /

•

UK / 'krɔ:sˌroʊd /

noun
Junction where one street or road crosses another

club

US / klʌb /

•

UK / klʌb /

noun
Group of people who share an interest, as in sport
Place where people go to listen to music and dance
Long stick used for hitting things, as in golf
verb
To be grouped with others
To hit hard with a thick and heavy stick, weapon

authoritarian

US / ɔ:ˌθɒrɪˈteəriən /

•

UK / əˌθɔ:rəˈteriən /

adjecitve
Expecting complete obedience to your rules
noun
Person expecting complete obedience

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

carrier

US / ˈkæriə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæriɚ /

noun
A company, e.g. mail, airline, that carries things
Someone with a disease who gives it to another
someone who does not suffer from a disease but has the infection or genetic fault that causes it and

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

soviet

US / ˈsəuviət,ˈsɔviət /

•

UK / ˈsoviˌɛt, -ɪt, ˈsɑvi-, ˌsoviˈɛt /

adjecitve
Of or relating to or characteristic of the former Soviet Union or its people
noun
Elected government council in a communist country

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

exit

US / ˈeksɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛɡzɪt, ˈɛksɪt /

noun
A door that you go through to leave a place
Act of leaving a place
verb
To leave a certain place
To stop a computer program after using it

respond

US / rɪ'spɒnd /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

verb
To answer something or someone
To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

india

US / 'ɪndɪə /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪə /

proper noun
A country in southern Asia that occupies the greater part of the Indian subcontinent; population 1,3

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

lane

US / leɪn /

•

UK / len /

noun
Marked strip of the road or swimming pool
Narrow way or road, often with steep sides
Person's name

endurance

US / ɪn'djʊərəns /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʊrəns, -ˈdjʊr- /

noun
Quality of lasting or of being permanent
Ability to continue through difficulty

rio

US / 'ri:əʊ /

•

UK / 'ri:oʊ /

noun
A former Japanese monetary unit with a standard weight of 4.76 momme (approx. 18 grams), based on a

liberal

US / 'lɪbərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl /

adjecitve
Open-minded; willing to hear others' opinions
Political party for freedom and social change
Supporting progress and social change
Not being strict
noun
Someone who is open-minded and favors progress

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

slowly

US / ˈsləʊli /

•

UK / ˈsloʊli /

adverb
In an unhurried or not speedy manner

existence

US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /

noun
State of being present, alive or real

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

rival

US / 'raɪvl /

•

UK / 'raɪvl /

verb
To be nearly as good as others in quality, skill
To be in opposition often as competitors
adjecitve
Matching the quality, skill, et. of others
Opposing; being the team you compete against
noun
Someone you are competing against/trying to beat

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

interdict

US / ˈɪntədɪkt /

•

UK / ˈɪntərdɪkt /

noun
Prohibit; forbid

dead

US / ded /

•

UK / dɛd /

adjecitve
Not alive
Being bored or not interested
Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
adverb
Completely; absolutely

strengthen

US / ˈstreŋθn /

•

UK / ˈstrɛŋkθən,ˈstrɛŋ-,ˈstrɛn- /

verb
To make something stronger

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

dwindle

US / 'dwɪndl /

•

UK / ˈdwɪndl /

verb
To make or become less or smaller gradually

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

sink

US / sɪŋk /

•

UK / sɪŋk /

noun
Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
verb
To push something down into the ground
To dig (a well)
To move down toward a lower point
To decrease in value or amount

backyard

US / ˌbækˈjɑ:d /

•

UK / ˌbækˈjɑ:rd /

adjecitve
Made in an amateurish or non-professional way
noun
Yard or garden behind a house

fundamentally

US / ˌfʌndəˈmentəli /

•

UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl:ɪ /

adverb
In a basic and important way

secure

US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

adjecitve
Being attached to something tightly and surely
(Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
verb
To get or achieve something with certainty
To firmly attach something to something else
To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

projection

US / prəˈdʒekʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkʃən /

noun
A prediction; guess about future developments
An image on a screen
A part that sticks out

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

lock

US / lɒk /

•

UK / lɑ:k /

noun
Small portion of your hair that hangs together
Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
verb
To become fixed in place and hard to move
To use a key, code so others can't open something

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

debt

US / det /

•

UK / dɛt /

noun
Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid

ukrainian

US / ju:'kreɪnɪən /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪnɪrn /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Ukraine
noun
Person from Ukraine

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

complicate

US / ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mplɪkeɪt /

verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

provoke

US / prəˈvəʊk /

•

UK / prəˈvoʊk /

verb
To deliberately annoy to make someone aggressive

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

axis

US / ˈæksɪs /

•

UK / ˈæksɪs /

noun
A line about which a rotating body turns

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

naval

US / ˈneɪvl /

•

UK / ˈnevəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a navy or ships used in war

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

scenario

US / sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ /

•

UK / səˈner.i.oʊ /

noun
An imagined sequence of events in a plan/project

global

US / ˈgləʊbl /

•

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

adjecitve
Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

bomber

US / ˈbɒmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɑmɚ /

noun
Military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

trade

US / treɪd /

•

UK / treid /

noun
A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
Action of buying and selling things in business
The buying and selling of goods and services
Exchanging something for something else
Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
verb
To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
To give something in return for something else

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

asian

US / ˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈeɪʃn /

noun
A native or inhabitant of Asia
other
Of or relating to or characteristic of Asia or the peoples of Asia or their languages or culture

resupply

US / ˌri:sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / ˌri:sə'plaɪ /

verb
To provide someone with something you already have

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

surely

US / ˈʃʊəli /

•

UK / ˈʃʊrli /

adverb
With certainty; definitely

quad

US / kwɒd /

•

UK / kwɑ:d /

noun
Four-sided enclosure surrounded by buildings

authority

US / ɔ:ˈθɒrəti /

•

UK / əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr- /

noun
The power to give orders to people
Person who is an expert on a particular topic
Expert knowledge on a given subject
The power to decide or approve things
a group of people who have the official power to make decisions

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

whom

US / hu:m /

•

UK / hum /

pronoun
Used in formal writing or speech

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

weak

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

adjecitve
Not having a strong character
Less valuable compared to money of other countries
Ineffective; unconvincing; not strong
Having little power or ability
Not having the necessary or proper amount
Having little power; not strong; easy to break
(Of a drink) having lots of water and little taste

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

standoff

US / 'stændɔ:f /

•

UK / ˈstændˌɔf, -ˌɑf /

noun
a situation in which no agreement can be reached

port

US / pɔ:t /

•

UK / pɔrt, port /

noun
City where ships can shelter during a storm
Left side of a ship when facing forward
Opening in a computer where wires can be connected
Sweet wine that is produced in Portugal
verb
To move data from one computer system to another

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

rainforest

US / ˈreɪnfɒrɪst /

•

UK / ˈreɪnfɔ:rɪst /

noun
Ancient forest growing in tropical regions

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

excellent

US / ˈeksələnt /

•

UK / ˈɛksələnt /

adjecitve
Extremely good

pure

US / pjʊə(r) /

•

UK / pjʊr /

adjecitve
Not mixed with anything else
Being morally good

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

pearl

US / pɜ:l /

•

UK / pɜ:rl /

adjecitve
Something shaped like or shines like a pearl
noun
Person's name
Ball formed in oysters used in jewelry
Someone, something that is admired, among the best

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

presence

US / ˈprezns /

•

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

noun
The same place or area that a person is
Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
Something not physically seen but felt to be there
Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

brazilian

US / brəˈzɪliən /

•

UK / brəˈzɪliən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Brazil
noun
Person from Brazil

initiative

US / ɪ'nɪʃətɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃətɪv /

noun
Ability to come up with solutions by yourself
New plan or idea that is meant to fix a problem

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

unexpected

US / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

adjecitve
Surprising because it was not expected

expeditionary

US / ˌekspəˈdɪʃənri /

•

UK / ˌekspəˈdɪʃəneri /

adjecitve
Designed long travels abroad

century

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

noun
Period of 100 years

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

pariah

US / pə'raɪə /

•

UK / pəˈraɪə /

noun
Person who is rejected (from society or home)

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

defeat

US / dɪ'fi:t /

•

UK / dɪˈfit /

noun
When you lose a fight, game or competition
verb
To beat an enemy, team, disease

shipping

US / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

noun
Business of transporting goods or orders to places
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

commission

US / kə'mɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˈmɪʃən /

noun
Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
An official role or title in the military
Group officially put in charge of e.g. education
Order for a specific piece of work, usually of art
verb
To hire someone, order work to be done for payment

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

likewise

US / ˈlaɪkwaɪz /

•

UK / ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz /

adverb
In addition; also; in the same way

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

rivalry

US / 'raɪvlrɪ /

•

UK / ˈraɪvəlri /

noun
State/feeling when groups compete with each other

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

sail

US / seɪl /

•

UK / sel /

noun
Trip or journey on a ship
Cloth used to power a boat by wind
verb
To travel across water in a boat or a ship
To move along quickly and smoothly

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

polarize

US / ˈpəʊləraɪz /

•

UK / ˈpoʊləraɪz /

verb
To divide opinions into two extremes

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

agenda

US / ə'dʒendə /

•

UK / əˈdʒɛndə /

noun
Plan or policy to achieve your goal or intentions
Outcome you want to happen but do not reveal
List of matters to be discussed at a meeting

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

combatant

US / ˈkɒmbətənt /

•

UK / kəmˈbætn:t,ˈkɑmbətn:t /

noun
Person in a fight or war

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

riot

US / 'raɪət /

•

UK / ˈraɪət /

noun
Person, thing, or event that is extremely funny
When there is a lot of something, e.g. color
When a crowd tries to take control, using violence
verb
(Of a crowd) to protest and try to take control

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

agreement

US / əˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / əˈɡrimənt /

noun
Sharing the same opinion or reach a decision

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

conflict

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

noun
Argument or struggle between two or more parties
verb
To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

german

US / ˈdʒɜːmən /

•

UK / ˈdʒɜːrmən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Germany
noun
Person from Germany

altogether

US / ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɔltəˈɡɛðɚ /

adverb
All things considered
Completely and entirely, fully
With all included and counted

invader

US / ɪnˈveɪdə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈvedɚ /

noun
Someone who enters to cause harm

solidify

US / səˈlɪdɪfaɪ /

•

UK / səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ /

verb
To make or become solid or more solid

firepower

US / ˈfaɪəpaʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪərpaʊə(r) /

noun
Relative capacity for shooting, bombing a target

disastrous

US / dɪˈzɑ:strəs /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstrəs /

adjecitve
Having very unfortunate or terrible consequences

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

increasingly

US / ɪnˈkri:sɪŋli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli /

adverb
More and more; in greater degree or amount

east

US / i:st /

•

UK / i:st /

noun
Direction where the sun rises
Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

pose

US / pəʊz /

•

UK / poʊz /

noun
False behavior to gain respect or liking
verb
To be or exist as (a problem, threat etc.)
To suggest an idea, question or solution
To sit or stand while being painted or drawn
To put someone in a position to be photographed

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

mercilessly

US / 'mɜ:sɪləslɪ /

•

UK / ˈmə:sɪlɪslɪ /

adverb
Without pity; in a merciless manner

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

strain

US / streɪn /

•

UK / stren /

noun
Injury to a muscle, leg etc. through overuse
Type or variation of a disease or bacillus
verb
To remove the water from (food) using a colander
To injure a muscle, leg etc. by using it too much

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

offensive

US / əˈfensɪv /

•

UK / əˈfɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Causing displeasure or anger
Being physically unpleasant
Attacking or intended to attack
noun
A military attack

diesel

US / ˈdi:zl /

•

UK / ˈdizəl, -səl /

noun
Heavy mineral oil used for power engines

parrot

US / 'pærət /

•

UK / ˈperət /

noun
Brightly colored bird with hooked beak
verb
To repeat someone's words without thought

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

praise

US / preɪz /

•

UK / preɪz /

noun
Expression of approval of something/someone
Expression of thanks, respect, and love
verb
To express approval of something or someone
To express thanks, respect, and love

finding

US / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

noun
Something you discover or find out; a result
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

governance

US / ˈgʌvənəns /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənəns /

noun
Way a government is run; function of a government

defensive

US / dɪˈfensɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Protecting something, yourself from attack

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

annexation

US / ˌænek'seɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌænɛksˈeʃən /

noun
Incorporation of land from a country

cooperation

US / kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / koˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Working together to get something done

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

anybody

US / ˈenibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

pronoun
Any person; anyone

inevitably

US / ɪnˈevɪtəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈevɪtəbli /

adverb
(Happening) with complete certainty

ninth

US / naɪnθ /

•

UK / naɪnθ /

noun
9th

sour

US / ˈsaʊə(r) /

•

UK / saʊr /

adjecitve
Being mean and not friendly
Spoiled or made more acidic
Tasting like an acid
verb
(Of relationship) to cease to be good or friendly
To stop something being good or friendly
To spoil something or make something acidic

payload

US / ˈpeɪləʊd /

•

UK / ˈpeˌlod /

noun
Part of guided missile containing the explosive

invade

US / ɪnˈveɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈved /

verb
To enter something causing a harmful result

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

aggressive

US / əˈgresɪv /

•

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

adjecitve
Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

significantly

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is important or noticeable
In a way that is meaningful

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

false

US / fɔ:ls /

•

UK / fɔ:ls /

adjecitve
Not real or genuine

inclusion

US / ɪnˈklu:ʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈkluʒən /

noun
Act of including; person, thing that is included

suit

US / su:t /

•

UK / sut /

noun
Set of clothes including jacket and pants or skirt
Law case involving a claim of some kind
Set of playing cards such as hearts or diamonds
verb
To be appropriate for a given situation
(Of clothes) to look good on someone

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

dozen

US / ˈdʌzn /

•

UK / ˈdʌzən /

noun
12 people or things

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

europe

US / ˈjʊərəp /

•

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

noun
A continent including Germany, France and Spain
other
The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

regional

US / ˈri:dʒənl /

•

UK / ˈridʒənəl /

adjecitve
Of a particular area, not the whole of a country

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

baton

US / 'bætɒn /

•

UK / bəˈtɑn, bæ-, ˈbætn: /

noun
Short stick used by a music conductor
Short stick used by a police officer
Short stick used by a relay race athlete

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

horizon

US / həˈraɪzn /

•

UK / həˈraɪzn /

noun
Line where the earth or sea meets the sky
Limits of someone's experience or understanding

illegal

US / ɪ'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ɪˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Not allowed by the laws or rules

untouchable

US / ʌnˈtʌtʃəbl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl /

adjecitve
Beyond the reach of criticism or attack

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

environmental

US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

•

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

adjecitve
Of the natural world of plants and animals

russian

US / ˈrʌʃn /

•

UK / ˈrʌʃn /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Russia
noun
Person from Russia

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

harbour

US / 'hɑ:bə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhɑrbɚ /

noun
Area of water protected by land and used by ships
Place providing comfort and shelter from danger
verb
To contain, hold, include, or hide something
To feel certain thoughts/emotions for a long time
To have a thought/feeling without expressing it
To hide or give shelter to (when in danger)
To secretly give shelter/protection to a criminal

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

wane

US / weɪn /

•

UK / wen /

verb
To become smaller, weaker or less

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

choke

US / tʃəʊk /

•

UK / tʃoʊk /

verb
To cause someone not to breathe
To be unable to breath due to a blockage
To fail to perform well, due to stress

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

roar

US / rɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɔr, ror /

noun
A very loud, deep or hearty laugh
A very loud deep powerful shout
Loud, deep, and continuous noise
other
To produce a very loud, deep sound
verb
To laugh in a loud and continuous manner
To shout using a loud deep powerful voice
To make a long loud deep sound as made by a lion

truly

US / 'tru:lɪ /

•

UK / ˈtruli /

adverb
In accordance with truth, fact or reality; really

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

import

US / 'ɪmpɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈɪmpɔrt /

noun
Goods brought into a country from another
Importance of a matter or issue
verb
To bring goods from one country into another

actively

US / 'æktɪvlɪ /

•

UK / 'æktɪvlɪ /

adverb
Doing things to achieve a specific goal

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

biodiversity

US / ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜ:səti /

•

UK / ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜ:rsəti /

noun
The variation of life forms in an environment

distract

US / dɪ'strækt /

•

UK / dɪˈstrækt /

verb
To draw someone's attention away from something

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

whose

US / hu:z /

•

UK / huz /

pronoun
Refers to the person who owns something

iii

US / θriː /

•

UK / θriː /

cardinal number

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

afar

US / ə'fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈfɑr /

adverb
From far away

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

strength

US / streŋθ /

•

UK / strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ /

noun
Condition of being strong

alternative

US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

•

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

adjecitve
A different choice
noun
Something different you can choose

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

mediterranean

US / ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən /

•

UK / ˌmɛdɪtəˈreniən, -ˈrenjən /

adjecitve
Describing the sea between Italy and Africa

shaky

US / ˈʃeɪki /

•

UK / ˈʃeki /

adjecitve
Tending to shake, as from weakness or defect

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

firmly

US / ˈfɜ:mli /

•

UK / ˈfə:mlɪ /

adverb
In a hard, steady, unchanging way

submarine

US / ˌsʌbməˈri:n /

•

UK / ˈsʌbməˌrin, ˌsʌbməˈrin /

noun
Ship that travels above and below the sea

discuss

US / dɪˈskʌs /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌs /

verb
To talk about seriously or in great detail

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

click

US / klɪk /

•

UK / klɪk /

noun
The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
A short, slight, and sharp sound
verb
To work well with someone or something
To press a computer mouse
To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

italy

US / 'ɪtəlɪ /

•

UK / 'ɪtəlɪ /

proper noun
A country in southern Europe; population 59,800,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Rome; official langua

sniff

US / snɪf /

•

UK / snɪf /

noun
A noisy breath through your nose
verb
To detect something, e.g. a potential problem
To breathe in noisily through nose, as when crying

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

utterly

US / 'ʌtəli: /

•

UK / ˈʌtəli /

adverb
Completely

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

navy

US / ˈneɪvi /

•

UK / ˈnevi /

noun
Very dark shade of blue
Armed force consisting of ships, sailors etc.

clash

US / klæʃ /

•

UK / klæʃ /

noun
A conflict; disagreement
verb
To have a disagreement or fight over something
(Of colors) to not suit or match appealingly

criticize

US / ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz /

verb
To assess the work of others
To say that someone or something is bad

propaganda

US / ˌprɒpə'ɡændə /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:pə'ɡændə /

noun
(Use of) message that you want people to accept

strategically

US / strə'ti:dʒɪklɪ /

•

UK / strəˈtidʒɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In a strategic or carefully worked out way

lesson

US / 'lesn /

•

UK / ˈlɛsən /

noun
Something done to learn or teach something; class
Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

civil

US / ˈsɪvl /

•

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

adjecitve
Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

partner

US / 'pɑ:tnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtnɚ /

noun
One you have a business/personal relationship with
Someone you have personal relationship with
verb
To join with others for work or other activity

ukraine

US / ju:'kreɪn /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

other
A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

sanction

US / 'sæŋkʃn /

•

UK / ˈsæŋkʃən /

noun
Official support or approval
Action taken to force a country to obey laws
verb
To allow or approve something

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

migrate

US / maɪˈgreɪt /

•

UK / ˈmaɪgreɪt /

verb
To move from one country or place to live or work

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

swing

US / swɪŋ /

•

UK / swɪŋ /

noun
Movement in a curved motion
Flowing, curved movement, e.g. of the arm
A back and forth motion, while hanging
Change in opinion or theme
Outdoor seat that hangs by two ropes, or chains
verb
To move something in a back and forth motion
To move in a back and forth motion, while hanging
To change opinion or mood, usually quickly

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

poorly

US / ˈpʊəli: /

•

UK / ˈpʊrli /

adjecitve
Slightly ill; unwell
adverb
Badly; not enough; not sufficient

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

iron

US / ˈaɪən /

•

UK / ˈaɪərn /

adjecitve
Being very tough, strong, and determined
noun
Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
Golf club with a metal head
Strong hard metal used to make steel
verb
To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes

president

US / ˈprezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

noun
Person in charge of a country, or organization

sea

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Very large group of people, similar-looking things
Large body of salty water with land around it

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

japan

US / dʒəˈpæn /

•

UK / dʒəˈpæn /

noun
A string of more than islands to the east of Asia
Lacquer with a durable glossy black finish, originally from the orient
Lacquerware decorated and varnished in the Japanese manner with a glossy durable black lacquer
verb
Coat with a lacquer, as done in Japan

favourable

US / ˈfeɪvərəbl /

•

UK / ˈfeɪvərəbl /

adjecitve
When a good result or positive outcome is likely

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

flatly

US / ˈflætli /

•

UK / ˈflætɪ /

adverb
In a certain, direct or absolute manner

diplomacy

US / dɪˈpləʊməsi /

•

UK / dɪˈploməsi /

noun
Tactful handling of sensitive relationships

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

assistance

US / əˈsɪstəns /

•

UK / əˈsɪstəns /

noun
Act of helping someone

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

taiwan

US / ˈtaɪˈwɑːn /

•

UK / ˈtaɪˈwɑn /

other
A government on the island of Taiwan established in by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainlan
An island in southeastern Asia miles off the coast of mainland China in the South China Sea

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

seaport

US / ˈsiːpɔːt /

•

UK / ˈsiːpɔːrt /

noun
Port where ships can load or unload cargo

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

declaration

US / ˌdekləˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛkləˈreʃən /

noun
Stating the cost of things purchased overseas
Official statement about something

uncontested

US / ˌʌnkənˈtestɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnkənˈtestɪd /

adjecitve
Not disputed

canal

US / kəˈnæl /

•

UK / kəˈnæl /

noun
Channel cut through land for boats or ships

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

chinese

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of China

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

joint

US / dʒɔɪnt /

•

UK / dʒɔɪnt /

adjecitve
Shared; involving working together; in common
noun
Body parts where bones meet and can move together
Point at which two things meet (e.g. a road)
A club or restaurant; place where you are

tolerate

US / ˈtɒləreɪt /

•

UK / ˈtɑ:ləreɪt /

verb
To be able to adjust to changes of various kinds
To be able to survive under specific conditions
To let people do, say or believe what they wish
To be able to drink (e.g. alcohol) without effects

anyway

US / ˈeniweɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwe /

adverb
A word used to change the topic of a conversation

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

guarantor

US / ˌɡærənˈtɔː(r) /

•

UK / ˌɡærənˈtɔːr /

noun
Someone that promises to do something

gulf

US / gʌlf /

•

UK / ɡʌlf /

noun
Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
Wide separation or difference between two groups
Deep hole in the ground

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

possibly

US / ˈpɒsəbli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:səbli /

adverb
May be true or likely, but is uncertain

capable

US / 'keɪpəbl /

•

UK / ˈkepəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to do something very well; proficient

steel

US / sti:l /

•

UK / stil /

adjecitve
Made of, or partly made of, a strong silvery metal
noun
Very strong or determined character in a person
Very strong metal made of iron, etc.
verb
To prepare yourself for something difficult

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

considerable

US / kənˈsɪdərəbl /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdərəbəl /

adjecitve
Large in size, amount, or effect

ocean

US / 'əʊʃn /

•

UK / ˈoʃən /

noun
Large body of salt water; a large sea

prompt

US / prɒmpt /

•

UK / prɑmpt /

adjecitve
Fast; in a quick manner; without delay
noun
Message on a computer requiring attention
Encouragement to ask someone else to talk
verb
To display a message to requires a user to act
To say something to encourage someone else to talk
To remind an actor of his or her lines (words)
To cause something to occur; be the cause of

frigate

US / ˈfrɪgət /

•

UK / ˈfrɪɡɪt /

noun
Warship used as an escort to protect a convoy

vast

US / vɑ:st /

•

UK / væst /

adjecitve
Being very large in size or amount

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

hemisphere

US / ˈhemɪsfɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhɛmɪˌsfɪr /

noun
One half of a rounded, ball-like object
One of the two masses forming the brain

infrastructure

US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

noun
Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

dramatic

US / drəˈmætɪk /

•

UK / drəˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Gripping the attention; causing an effect
(Of an event) sudden and extreme

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

financial

US / faɪˈnænʃl /

•

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

adjecitve
Involving money

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

victory

US / 'vɪktərɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɪktəri /

noun
Defeating or beating someone or something

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

intercept

US / ˌɪntəˈsept /

•

UK / ˌɪntərˈsept /

verb
To stop or catch something while it is moving

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

association

US / əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn /

•

UK / əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn /

noun
Organization of people with the same interest

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

consume

US / kən'sju:m /

•

UK / kənˈsum /

verb
To eat, drink, buy or use up something
To take all your energy; focus the attention

crosshair

US / 'krɔ:sheə /

•

UK / 'krɔ:sher /

other
Either of two fine strands of wire crossed in the focus of the eyepiece of an optical instrument and

decimate

US / 'desɪmeɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛsəˌmet /

verb
to kill a large number of something, or to reduce something severely

soil

US / sɔɪl /

•

UK / sɔɪl /

noun
Conditions in which something develops
Mix of natural material in which plants grow
Land of a certain country
verb
To get or become dirty

unify

US / 'ju:nɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈjunəˌfaɪ /

verb
To bring or join together into one

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

exchange

US / ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / ɪksˈtʃendʒ /

noun
Sharing/directing a look, etc. at someone else
Short discussion or talk
The place you can change money to another currency
Place where things or services are exchanged
Act of returning something to a store
Act of giving a thing in return for another thing
verb
To share (a look, a few words etc.)
To sell one currency to get another
To return something to a store
To give things of similar value to each other

harass

US / 'hærəs /

•

UK / ˈhærəs, həˈræs /

verb
To bother repeatedly with harmful words or actions

dedicated

US / 'dedɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd /

verb
To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
To give your energy, time, etc. completely

silva

US / 'sɪlvə /

•

UK / 'sɪlvə /

other
Forest trees growing in a country or region

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

informal

US / inˈfɔ:məl /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔrməl /

adjecitve
Casual; relaxed
Not official; not done by the rules

limited

US / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

adjecitve
(Of a company) with a limit of financial liability
With restrictions; not broad in scope
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

regularly

US / ˈregjələli /

•

UK / ˈregjələrli /

adverb
At the usual time each day, week, or month

correct

US / kə'rekt /

•

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

adjecitve
Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
True or accurate
verb
To fix a problem
To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
To punish in order to improve

doubt

US / daʊt /

•

UK / daʊt /

noun
Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
verb
To question the truth or certainty of something

deteriorate

US / dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɪriəˌret /

verb
To become worse in condition or value

statement

US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˈstetmənt /

noun
Record of activity in a bank account over time
Act or process of saying something formally

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

underhand

US / ˌʌndəˈhænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈhænd /

adjecitve
With hand brought forward and up from waist level

prodigious

US / prəˈdɪdʒəs /

•

UK / prəˈdɪdʒəs /

adjecitve
Amazingly huge and enormous

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

patrol

US / pə'trəʊl /

•

UK / pəˈtrol /

noun
Person or group who checks an area is safe
verb
To survey an area to maintain safety and order

japanese

US / ˌdʒæpəˈniːz /

•

UK / ˌdʒæpəˈniːz /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Japan

brazil

US / brəˈzɪl /

•

UK / brəˈzɪl /

noun
Largest Latin American country and Largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

tension

US / 'tenʃn /

•

UK / ˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
Degree to which something is stretched tight

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

export

US / ˈekspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈekspɔ:rt /

noun
When goods are sold to another country
verb
To send goods to be sold in another country

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

comparison

US / kəmˈpærɪsn /

•

UK / kəmˈpærɪsən /

noun
Act of comparing things

spree

US / spri: /

•

UK / spri /

noun
Short intense period of shopping/killing etc.

historically

US / hɪ'stɒrɪklɪ /

•

UK / hɪsˈtɔrɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In history; in the past

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

relationship

US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

•

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

noun
Connection between two or more people or things
Way people interact or live with each other
Romantic or loving friendship between two people

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

immigrant

US / ˈɪmɪgrənt /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪɡrənt /

noun
Person moving to another country to live there

ostensibly

US / ɒ'stensəblɪ /

•

UK / ɒ'stensəblɪ /

adverb
Apparently true or real, but probably not

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

africa

US / 'æfrɪkə /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkə /

noun
Continent between the Atlantic and Indian oceans

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

hiccup

US / 'hɪkʌp /

•

UK / ˈhɪkəp /

noun
A spasm of the diaphragm emitting a sharp sound
verb
To make a sound after a spasm of the diaphragm

conference

US / ˈkɒnfərəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfərəns, -frəns /

noun
Series of lectures held as an event
An association of US sports teams

artemis

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A goddess, daughter of Zeus and sister of Apollo. She was a huntress and is typically depicted with

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

slow

US / sləʊ /

•

UK / sloʊ /

adjecitve
Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
(Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
Having difficulty understanding simple things
Moving or happening without speed; not fast
verb
To move, with less speed than before
To move or go without much speed

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

favour

US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfevɚ /

noun
What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
verb
To prefer or promote over another

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

regularity

US / ˌregjuˈlærəti /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈlærətɪ /

noun
Code of behavior; norms of practice

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

sprawl

US / sprɔ:l /

•

UK / sprɔl /

verb
To spread out in an uncontrolled way

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

luiz

US / ˈlʌgɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlʌɡɪdʒ /

merciless

US / ˈmɜ:sɪləs /

•

UK / ˈmə:sɪlɪs /

adjecitve
Without compassion; harsh; cruel

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

camp

US / kæmp /

•

UK / kæmp /

noun
A (military) base
Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
Place where people live for a short time in tents
verb
To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

formation

US / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn /

noun
Process of creating; making a particular shape

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

color

US / 'kʌlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

noun
Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
verb
To change or affect someone's opinion
To make something colorful using colored pencils

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

vulnerable

US / ˈvʌlnərəbl /

•

UK / ˈvʌlnərəbəl /

adjecitve
Being open to attack or damage
Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded

neutral

US / ˈnju:trəl /

•

UK / ˈnu:trəl /

adjecitve
Something with pH value of 7
Having no positive or negative electrical charge
Not supporting either side in a war, etc.
Not taking either side in a debate; not involved
noun
Color that is dull and not bright, such as gray
The rest position for gears in a car or vehicle
Person/country not supporting a side in a war, etc.

ally

US / 'ælaɪ /

•

UK / 'ælaɪ /

noun
Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
verb
To join a group to offer or receive support

janeiro

US / dʒəˈnɪərəʊ /

•

UK / dʒəˈnɛˌroʊ /

fighter

US / ˈfaɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪtɚ /

noun
Something or someone that fights

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

smell

US / smel /

•

UK / smɛl /

noun
Ability to notice a particular odor
A particular odor
verb
To have a particular odor
To sense that something is not right
To notice a particular odor
To use the nose to sense something

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

showdown

US / 'ʃəʊdaʊn /

•

UK / ˈʃoˌdaʊn /

noun
Game or contest where final result will be decided

powerful

US / ˈpauəful /

•

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

adjecitve
Having control or influence over
Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

mainland

US / 'meɪnlænd /

•

UK / ˈmenˌlænd, -lənd /

noun
Main land mass of a country or continent

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

boom

US / bu:m /

•

UK / bum /

noun
Very fast increase in growth or popularity
A very loud and deep sound
verb
To experience a rapid increase in growth
To make a very loud and deep sound

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

seriously

US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

adverb
Involving or requiring great thought or study

corvette

US / kɔ:ˈvet /

•

UK / kɔ:rˈvet /

other
A highly maneuverable escort warship; smaller than a destroyer

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

loan

US / ləʊn /

•

UK / lon /

noun
Act of allowing someone to borrow something
verb
To give money, etc. that must be paid back

unprecedented

US / ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd /

•

UK / ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd /

adjecitve
Not having happened before, or to such a degree

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

exert

US / ɪgˈzɜ:t /

•

UK / ɪgˈzɜ:rt /

verb
To make something have an effect on something else

perception

US / pəˈsepʃn /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Way in which one sees or understands something

vicinity

US / vəˈsɪnəti /

•

UK / vɪˈsɪnɪti /

noun
Surrounding or nearby region; proximity

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

anticipation

US / ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn /

•

UK / ænˌtɪsəˈpeʃən /

noun
Pleasurable feeling about a future event

armed

US / ɑ:md /

•

UK / ɑːrmd /

adjecitve
Having weapons ready to use against others
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

mexico

US / 'meksɪkəʊ /

•

UK / 'meksɪkoʊ /

proper noun
A country in southwestern North America, with extensive coastlines on the Gulf of Mexico and the Pac

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

Subtitles section

Brazil may seem far removed from any truly global conflicts, but the most powerful South American country finds itself at a crossroads that could put it in the crosshairs of either the US or China in a third world war.

How does Brazil plan to navigate a third world war, and what side would it find itself on?

South America might seem too distant from Europe to have had any involvement in either world wars, but Brazil found itself caught up in the global conflicts anyway.

During the First World War, Brazil supported Britain and its allies, helping patrol the and sending a small expeditionary force to the western fronts toward the end of the war.

But in World War II, it found itself playing a larger role.

When the war started, most might have assumed Brazil would throw its weight behind the allies once more, but Brazil had changed significantly in the two decades since the First World War.

It was now Germany's ninth largest trading partner, and had a significant population of Germans living inside its borders, all actively working to push Brazilian politics closer toward a pro-German agenda.

When war broke out, Brazil remained neutral and traded with both sides.

Slowly but surely though, Brazil would be pulled toward the allies, most notably with the creation of the Joint Brazil-US Defense Commission, which ostensibly had the goal of strengthening military ties between the two countries,

But was largely focused on preventing the Axis powers from using Brazil as a naval base of operations to attack US shipping lanes in the Atlantic.

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the declaration of war by the US against the Axis powers, the US launched the Pan American States Conference in Rio de Janeiro.

There, the US offered South American nations a deal, back us and cut ties with the Axis in exchange for economic assistance.

Brazil agreed, and quickly cut off ties with Germany, Japan, and Italy.

In exchange for help developing its steel industry, Brazil agreed to let the US create air bases in the north of the country, with one of those bases becoming the largest overseas US base in the world.

It also allowed the US Navy to station US Task Force 3 off its coast, with the goal of attacking submarines and enemy merchant shipping.

With the US and China locking horns over the issue of Taiwan and South Pacific security, a third major war is now looming on the horizon, and Brazil might end up playing a small but critical role.

Brazil would likely try to remain neutral once more, but inevitably both China and the US would put significant pressure on Brazil to pick a side.

This may be more difficult than it was in either world war due to Brazil's numerous ties to both potential combatants.

Today, China is Brazil's biggest trading partner, with China making up 31% of its exports and almost 23% of its imports.

This is in comparison to the US's 11% of exports and almost 18% of imports.

China is a big importer of Brazilian minerals, as the nation's roaring economy and prodigious building spree has consumed a significant amount of the world's steel and iron.

But China's rate of construction has slowed significantly and is expected to continue slowing, as its economic boom cannot last forever.

Thus, the amount of exports to China is likely also set to dwindle.

In 2001, Brazil helped lead the charge for the formation of BRICS, a global trade organization made up of the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.

In 2010, South Africa would join the group, and together the organization's goal was an alternative to the Western, US-dominated global economic order by focusing on development in emerging economies.

Today, Brazil remains committed to BRICS, but the organization itself is finding itself in increasingly shaky footing.

Russia's disastrous war in Ukraine and China's increasingly aggressive threats toward Taiwan and its neighbors is forcing Brazil to rethink its continued partnership with the two nations that are quickly becoming global pariahs.

The solidifying of the Western position against Russia and unexpected development from both the West and Russia showed the world that the West could truly be unified at a time when its rivals expected Western nations to largely seek their own self-serving agendas.

Further adding to the tension is emerging rivalries within the organization itself.

Chinese-Indian relations have steadily been deteriorating for decades, with full-blown border clashes between troops armed with clubs and riot batons leaving dozens dead.

The anticipation of a military showdown with China has even prompted India to make the unprecedented step of moving closer toward a formal partnership with the US and its Pacific allies.

Known as the Quad, the informal association of the US, Japan, India, and Australia has been meeting with increasing regularity to discuss a variety of Asian security concerns, and China is chief amongst all of those concerns.

Russia and China also find their relationship under increasing strain.

Despite claims of a no-limits partnership by Russia, China has quickly corrected the statement a year later by flatly stating that their partnership did in fact have hard limits.

While it would seem a natural fit as both Russia and China face the exact same international rivalries and consider the Western liberal world order a threat to their own existence, or at least the existence of their authoritarian leaders,

China and Russia have had their own host of issues that sour a potential partnership.

The war in Ukraine has shown Russia to be fundamentally weak, and China has smelled blood in the water, using Russia's waning influence to exert its own influence over Central Asian states as it seeks to secure supplies of oil,

Gas, and minerals from former Soviet republics.

Russia sees this as a direct challenge to its own authority, considering nations like Kazakhstan to be firmly within its own sphere of influence.

But Russia is living in the Soviet past, and today it's not even sure it can hang onto its own republics.

The Russian Far East sees ever-increasing investments from Chinese companies, as well as an influx of both legal and illegal Chinese immigrants at a time that ethnic Russians will steadily migrate out of the area.

In just a few years' time, the resource-rich Russian Far East will be far more Chinese than Russian, possibly prompting China to move toward a plan for annexation.

China's Belt and Road Initiative also is posing a public perception risk for Brazil.

Known as debt-trap diplomacy, China is offering loans to countries it knows can't pay them back.

To pay off some of the debts, China is simply given legal rights over major infrastructure in those countries, and these seaports and railways could one day be hosting Chinese ships and moving Chinese troops around.

While Brazil might have once looked toward BRICS as an alternative to the Western financial order, BRICS may now be more of a liability than a benefit in an increasingly polarized world, and its relationship with the United States could suffer from it.

Currently, Brazil and the US have a good relationship despite Brazil's inclusion in BRICS.

The US and Brazilian military regularly train together, and in 2019 Brazil became a non-NATO US ally.

The US provides Brazil with direct assistance for counter-drug operations as well as environmental programs to help Brazil protect the biodiversity of its sprawling rainforests.

The military relationship is what's of most importance though, and here the two nations enjoy robust cooperation including joint research and development programs.

Brazil also signed an agreement to allow the US to launch space assets from its Alcantara Space Center as well as signing the Artemis Accords in 2021, partnering with the US to establish a common civil governance for space exploration.

However, despite this, the US-Brazil relationship has had its hiccups as of late.

Brazil's new president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, has been criticized for blaming the US and the West for provoking Russia into invading Ukraine by arming the nation.

He's also been criticized for his encouragement of peace talks between Ukraine and Russia at a time when those peace talks would naturally favor Russia.

In exchange, Russia has praised Brazil's president, and when you're on the receiving end of Russian praise, you really need to check your place in history.

The US responded by claiming that Lula is simply parroting Russian and Chinese propaganda, and he is met with increasing scorn when he demanded that the West stop providing Ukraine with arms altogether.

This would naturally lead to a complete collapse of the Ukrainian military, and with statements like that, one has to ask which side of the conflict does Brazil truly stand on, and just how much longer will the US and Brazil remain allies?

It's no secret that China has attempted to increase its influence in South America in order to complicate the US geopolitical position, and to say that America is taking this lightly would be an understatement.

But if China could move Brazil away from the US, it would be a significant political victory, especially if China could gain basing rights for navy and military inside Brazil itself.

So, what would Brazil's World War III plan look like?

That might depend on which side of the conflict South America's greatest military power found itself.

Brazil is strategically important, as it sits astride some of the largest trade arteries in the world, and from Brazil's coasts, a joint naval air force could seriously complicate the South Atlantic trade for either side.

However, for China, a partnership with Brazil could allow it to move air and naval assets out of the South China Sea and into the Atlantic, from where they could harass US trade.

Chinese H-6 bombers flying from Brazil could strike at US oil infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico, and even launch standoff attacks against the American mainland itself, something that hasn't happened since the War of 1812.

Currently, America's greatest strength in any conflict is its ability to keep any adversary at arm's length.

The US is the boxer with the longest arms in the world, and it can be difficult to defeat a military power whose basic infrastructure or even global trade is basically untouchable.

China might be able to sink much of the US Pacific fleet, but it can't touch US shipyards building new ships, and it can't project power far enough to cut off US global trade.

But a close Brazilian-Chinese partnership could change all of that, and put the US on the back foot for the first time in two centuries.

Brazil, however, would be risking a great deal directly allying itself with China, in case of a global war, for very little gain.

The last thing Brazil wants is to pick a fight with its much bigger, more capable northern neighbor whom, even if it is distracted by a war in the Pacific, would still have enough firepower to make Brazil regret its decision.

With around 120 vessels, the Brazilian Navy is a significant force, though it's best suited for power projection in its immediate geographic vicinity.

It has six diesel submarines, which lack the endurance to truly assist its current ally, the US, in any conflict far away in the Pacific.

Its eight large surface combat vessels, six of which are frigates and two corvettes, are also best suited for local operations rather than supporting an expeditionary effort, though it wouldn't be the first time Brazilian ships have sailed far from home ports.

With the retirement of its one aircraft carrier, Brazil lacks the ability to launch sorties far from home, but it could still put its considerable naval weight into assisting its US ally in interdicting Chinese shipping along the South Atlantic.

With the Suez Canal becoming a choke point where Chinese ships could easily be intercepted after exiting into the Mediterranean, routes traveling closer to Africa's western coast might be more favorable,

And this is where Brazil's Navy could come into play.

No doubt taking lessons from Russia's vast experience in sanction-busting, Chinese vessels would seek to evade sanctions by flying under false colors or using other underhanded techniques, and Brazilian ships dedicated to the task of sniffing out these sanction-busting ships would free up the US Navy for kinetic fighting in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Likewise, Brazil's air force is poorly suited for anything but local defensive operations.

Currently, it has a fleet of 42 American F-5 Fighters, a light fighter aircraft best suited for defense.

Its 46 AMX attack aircraft are excellent for providing close air support over uncontested skies, but lack the endurance to assist a US-led effort against invading Chinese troops in Taiwan and would likely be destroyed if they faced the Chinese air force.

Its small fleet of 5 Swedish Gripens, with 27 more on order, are likewise more of a defensive than offensive aircraft with limited range and limited payload, and of no use in a Pacific scenario.

Brazil's armed forces are significant, but any war against China will feature very little ground combat by those on the US's side.

Simply put, it would be too difficult to put allied troops on Taiwan without utterly decimating the Chinese Navy and air force, at which point there would be no need for ground troops as allied naval and air power cuts off invaders from resupply and pounds them mercilessly from above and afar.

Currently, Brazil's role in a third world war would be as a guarantor of regional security, and unless something dramatically changes in the Brazil-US relationship, Brazil would be best put to use helping interdict Chinese shipping in the South Atlantic.

However, all this could change significantly if Brazil were to swing completely into the Chinese camp, to the point of allowing the basing of Chinese forces off its own soil, but that would require such a dramatic change in current reality as to be bordering on pure fiction.

If it were to pass though, Brazil's land forces could be called upon as there's no chance the US would tolerate a significant Chinese military presence in its own backyard.

The US historically can be kind to its friends, but is absolutely merciless against anybody that threatens American security in its own hemisphere.

Now go check out France's World War 3 plan, or click this other video instead!