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Canada suspends funding to Niger in wake of coup

Video vocabulary

agree

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US / əˈgri: /

UK / əˈɡri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have the same opinion as someone else

heart

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US / hɑ:t /

UK / hɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • A feeling of care for others; compassion
  • Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
  • Be cheerfully encouraging
  • Most essential, important, or central part
  • Referring to a promise or something important
  • State or feelings of affection or deep love
  • Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
  • The part of the body that pumps blood
  • Place where emotions are believed to be felt
  • A shape that represents love

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

belt

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US / belt /

UK / bɛlt /

A2
  • noun
  • Band of material worn around a person's waist
  • Area with a lot of a particular feature e.g. corn
  • verb
  • To leave somewhere quickly (UK use)
  • To put a belt around something or someone

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

professor

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US / prəˈfesə(r) /

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Teacher who teaches at a college or university

remove

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US / rɪˈmu:v /

UK / rɪˈmuv /

A1
  • verb
  • To get rid of something completely
  • To make someone leave his or her job or position
  • To move, erase or take away from a place
  • To take something off (e.g. clothing)

atlantic

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US / æt'læntɪk /

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

military

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US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the army or navy
  • noun
  • Army or armed forces

ongoing

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US / ˈɒngəʊɪŋ /

UK / ˈɑ:ngoʊɪŋ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Continuing to exist or be in progress

space

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US / speɪs /

UK / spes /

A1
  • noun
  • Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
  • Empty area with nothing in it
  • Area in the sky where the stars are
  • Area between written words on a page
  • verb
  • To make a certain distance or time between

neighbour

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US / 'neɪbə(r) /

UK / ˈnebɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who lives, or is near, you

questionable

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US / ˈkwestʃənəbl /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃənəbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not likely to be right or true; doubtful

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

burkina

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US / bɜːˈkiːnə /

UK / bərˈkinə /

A1

harmful

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US / ˈhɑ:mfl /

UK / ˈhɑ:rmfl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Likely to cause damage or injury

stake

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US / steɪk /

UK / stek /

B1
  • noun
  • Share/interest in the success of a business, etc.
  • Money bet in a game that can be won or lost
  • The share you have in a company
  • Post stuck in the ground you can tie things to
  • verb
  • To bet or wager on an outcome
  • To risk something important by taking a risk

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

several

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US / ˈsevrəl /

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Many of
  • pronoun
  • More than two but not a large amount

act

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US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

african

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US / ˈæfrɪkən /

UK / ˈæfrɪkən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Africa
  • noun
  • Person from Africa

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

faso

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US / 'fæʃnəblɪ /

UK / ˈfæʃənəblɪ /

A1

general

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US / 'dʒenrəl /

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Widespread, normal or usual
  • noun
  • Top ranked officer in the army

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

attempt

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US / ə'tempt /

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

A2
  • noun
  • Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
  • verb
  • To try to do something challenging or difficult

continent

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US / ˈkɒntɪnənt /

UK / ˈkɑntənənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia

critical

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US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Making a negative judgment of something
  • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
  • Most important part

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

therefore

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US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

A1
  • adverb
  • And so; for that reason

suspend

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US / sə'spend /

UK / səˈspɛnd /

B2
  • verb
  • To hang something or someone from something
  • To stop something for a period of time; interrupt

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

waterloo

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US / ˌwɔ:təˈlu: /

UK / ˌwɔ:tərˈlu: /

A1
  • other
  • A final crushing defeat

electricity

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US / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti /

UK / ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti,ˌilɛk- /

A2
  • noun
  • Energy generated positive and negative charges

division

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US / dɪ'vɪʒn /

UK / dɪˈvɪʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • How many times a number is contained in another
  • One part of an organization
  • Act of dividing or separating into parts
  • Something that acts as a separating line or point

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

receive

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US / rɪ'si:v /

UK / rɪˈsiv /

A1
  • verb
  • To get something someone has given or sent to you
  • To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
  • To welcome someone as a guest into your home
  • To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

depose

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US / dɪ'pəʊz /

UK / dɪˈpoz /

C1
  • verb
  • To remove something from power or prominence

france

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US / ˈfrɑːns /

UK / fræns /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

capital

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US / 'kæpɪtl /

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main, or major
  • noun
  • Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
  • Official main city of a country, province or state
  • Collective name for money, shares, and assets
  • Money that is used for a business

lead

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US / li:d /

UK / lid /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the main part in movies or plays
  • noun
  • Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • Information that could help to solve a crime
  • Main part in a play or movie
  • Heavy, gray metal element
  • Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
  • Act of being at the front in a race or game
  • verb
  • To show the way or guide others
  • To be at the front of a race or game
  • To travel in front of; go in advance of others

forward

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US / 'fɔ:wəd /

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Toward what is ahead; in front
  • Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
  • adverb
  • Toward the front in place; in front
  • Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
  • verb
  • To send something to another address or person

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

seventh

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US / 'sevnθ /

UK / ˈsɛvənθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 7th

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

root

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US / ru:t /

UK / rut, rʊt /

A2
  • noun
  • Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
  • The origin or starting place of something
  • A number that is multiplied by itself
  • Part of plant growing underground, as to get water
  • Part of tooth, hair etc. from which the rest grows
  • Base part of a word to which affixes can be added
  • verb
  • To cause a plant to develop or grow roots
  • (Animals) to search for e.g. food in earth
  • To stop someone moving, as through fear

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

play

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US / pleɪ /

UK / pleɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Loose, free movement between two objects
  • Single action in a sports game
  • Performance in which people act in a theater
  • verb
  • To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
  • To perform music on an instrument
  • To use a device, e.g. a video game
  • To do something for enjoyment and fun
  • To do or perform a game or sport

school

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US / sku:l /

UK / skul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being to do with schools and education
  • noun
  • Large group of fish that swim together
  • Education of a child
  • Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
  • A particular belief or idea about something
  • verb
  • To teach or train someone to know or do something

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

poverty

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US / ˈpɔvəti /

UK / ˈpɑvəti /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being poor
  • Lack of something necessary

stand

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US / stænd /

UK / stænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Effort to fight against something
  • Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
  • Place in a stadium where spectators watch
  • Table where things are sold at a fair or market
  • verb
  • To be a candidate in an election
  • To be able to accept someone, something; bear
  • To last for a long time
  • To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
  • To place something in a particular position; place
  • To be (as stated)
  • To still be valid
  • To have an opinion about something

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

ontario

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US / ɒn'teərɪəʊ /

UK / ɑ:n'terɪoʊ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A province in eastern Canada, between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes; population 12,160,282 (2006);
  • A commercial city in southwestern California, east of Los Angeles; population 171,691 (est. 2008).

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

restore

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US / rɪˈstɔ:(r) /

UK / rɪˈstɔr, -ˈstor /

B1
  • verb
  • To return a thing to its original condition

university

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US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

A1
  • noun
  • High-level educational institution; college

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

financial

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US / faɪˈnænʃl /

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involving money

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

such

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US / sʌtʃ /

UK / sʌtʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Being similar to
  • (Thing) as previously stated or referred to
  • adverb
  • (Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

blame

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US / bleɪm /

UK / blem /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of saying someone did something bad
  • verb
  • To say someone is responsible for something bad

albeit

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US / ˌɔ:lˈbi:ɪt /

UK / ɔlˈbiɪt, æl- /

B1
  • conjunction
  • Way to say 'even though' or 'although'

islamic

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Islamic

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

instability

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US / ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Condition of being changeable

line

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US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

nation

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US / 'neɪʃn /

UK / ˈneʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Area or region controlled by a government and army

contagion

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US / kən'teɪdʒən /

UK / kənˈtedʒən /

C2
  • noun
  • Communication of an emotional state among people

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

elect

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US / ɪ'lekt /

UK / ɪˈlɛkt /

B1
  • verb
  • To select someone for a position by voting

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

dependent

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US / dɪˈpendənt /

UK / dɪˈpɛndənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Someone who relies on (financial) support

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

occur

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US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

UK / əˈkɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To come to pass or to happen

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

split

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US / splɪt /

UK / splɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • No longer married or in a relationship
  • (Injured) by cutting it open, as in someone's lip
  • (Of a decision) when people cannot decide a winner
  • noun
  • Difference of opinion in a group causing a break
  • Separation or a break in something
  • verb
  • To become divided or broken along a straight line
  • To cause a cut in (lip, etc.)
  • To have difference of opinion in a group
  • To separate into two or more pieces
  • To divide something in an even or fair way

ask

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US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

boko

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US / /

UK / /

A1

democratically

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US / ˌdemə'krætɪklɪ /

UK / ˌdɛməˈkrætɪklɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • In a democratic manner; based on democratic ideas

funding

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US / ˈfʌndɪŋ /

UK / ˈfʌndɪŋ /

A2
  • verb
  • To supply money for something

mobilize

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US / 'məʊbəlaɪz /

UK / ˈmobəˌlaɪz /

B2
  • verb
  • To come together for an action or purpose

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

difficult

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US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

situation

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US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Place, position or area that something is in
  • Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
  • An unexpected problem or difficulty

basis

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US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

UK / ˈbesɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Main ingredient or part of something
  • Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

aid

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US / eɪd /

UK / ed /

A2
  • noun
  • Action of giving help to others
  • Money or help given to those who need it
  • verb
  • To help others and provide things

crisis

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US / 'kraɪsɪs /

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

extension

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US / ɪkˈstenʃn /

UK / ɪkˈstɛnʃən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Adding extra length
  • noun
  • Addition to something, e.g. a house
  • Suffix code of a computer file, e.g. .pdf, .jpg
  • Telephone for individual person, e.g. In an office
  • Something added to the end of something
  • Extra time allowed to complete something

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

french

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US / frentʃ /

UK / frentʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of France
  • noun
  • Person's name

stable

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US / 'steɪbl /

UK / ˈstebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position where something does not fall over
  • Having a chemical state that is not easily changed
  • Reacting in an even way; having good mental health
  • In good condition, and not likely to deteriorate
  • noun
  • Group of racing horses that belong to one owner
  • verb
  • To put horses in a stable

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

commitment

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US / kə'mɪtmənt /

UK / kəˈmɪtmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Permanent love or concern for person, thing
  • Promise or decision to do something for a purpose

increasingly

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US / ɪnˈkri:sɪŋli /

UK / ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli /

A2
  • adverb
  • More and more; in greater degree or amount

mohamed

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US / /

UK / /

A1

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

regional

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US / ˈri:dʒənl /

UK / ˈridʒənəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of a particular area, not the whole of a country

anything

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US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • A thing of any kind

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

niger

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US / ˈnaɪdʒə /

UK / ˈnaɪdʒər /

A1
  • noun
  • A landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in; most of the country is dom

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

effort

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US / ˈefət /

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of work used trying to do something

prop

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US / prɒp /

UK / prɑp /

B2
  • noun
  • Moveable item used on the set of a theater/film
  • verb
  • To support an object so it doesn't fall down

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

direct

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US / də'rekt /

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Coming straight from something
  • verb
  • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • To show the way by conducting or leading
  • To control the acting in a movie or play

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

legitimate

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US / lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət /

UK / ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being born to legally married parents
  • Being reasonable and sound
  • verb
  • To make acceptable and sound

resident

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US / ˈrezɪdənt /

UK / ˈrɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Someone who lives in a particular place
  • noun
  • Trainee doctor who works/lives in a hospital

agreement

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US / əˈgri:mənt /

UK / əˈɡrimənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Sharing the same opinion or reach a decision

join

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US / dʒɔɪn /

UK / dʒɔɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To bring something close to another, to become one
  • To become a member of
  • To participate in an activity with others

normally

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US / ˈnɔ:məli /

UK / ˈnɔːrməli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In the manner that is usual or ordinary

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

battle

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US / 'bætl /

UK / ˈbætl /

A2
  • noun
  • Military fight between armies
  • Working hard to stop something; struggle
  • verb
  • To fight or struggle against someone or something
  • To work hard to stop something; struggle

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

neighbourhood

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US / ˈneɪbəhʊd /

UK / ˈneɪbərhʊd /

B1
  • noun
  • Area of a town or city that people live in

presidential

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US / ˌprezɪ'denʃl /

UK / ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the president

react

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US / rɪ'ækt /

UK / riˈækt /

A2
  • verb
  • To change when mixing with other chemicals
  • To behave or make a change in a particular way

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

region

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US / 'ri:dʒən /

UK / ˈridʒən /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

gloria

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US / ˈɡlɔ:riə,ˈɡləuriə /

UK / ˈɡlɔriə, ˈɡlor- /

A1
  • noun
  • A Christian liturgical hymn or formula beginning (in the Latin text) with Gloria.

inaccessible

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US / ˌɪnækˈsesəbl /

UK / ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult or impossible to get or get into

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

conflict

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US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

A2
  • noun
  • Argument or struggle between two or more parties
  • verb
  • To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

government

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US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people and system that rule a nation

recently

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US / ˈri:sntli /

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just a while ago; not long ago

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

clear

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US / klɪə(r) /

UK / klɪr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Empty; without anything in it or on it
  • Being certain and without doubt
  • Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
  • Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely; through the whole of
  • Away from; free from
  • verb
  • To recover from or remove a problem
  • To get rid of the entire contents of
  • To give permission for something to happen
  • To make a place or surface empty by removing
  • To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

economic

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US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning trade, industry, and money

guard

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US / ɡɑ:d /

UK / ɡɑrd /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who watches a place or prevents escapes
  • verb
  • To keep watch over something to protect it

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

mind

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US / maɪnd /

UK / maɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • One's opinion or way of thinking about something
  • Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
  • verb
  • To be bothered or upset by something
  • To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

draw

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US / drɔ: /

UK / drɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that attracts people to visit a place
  • A lottery or prize
  • Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
  • verb
  • To attract attention to someone or something
  • To get closer to or approach something or someone
  • To influence a person's involvement in something
  • To move an object by pulling
  • To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
  • To take one thing out of a container, etc.
  • (Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

canada

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US / 'kænədə /

UK / ˈkænədə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

suffer

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US / 'sʌfə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To experience pain, illness, or injury

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

mark

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US / mɑ:k /

UK / mɑrk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A dirty spot or line on something
  • Grade or score given for homework
  • Line or symbol made when writing
  • Particular point on a scale of measurement
  • Grade, such as a student receives in school
  • Stain or spot on something
  • Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
  • Written sign or symbol
  • verb
  • To put a dirty spot or line on something
  • To give a grade for homework
  • To indicate something with a sign or symbol
  • To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
  • (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
  • To write or draw a line on something

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

engagement

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US / ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt /

UK / ɛnˈɡedʒmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something you must do at a set time; appointment
  • Fight between opposing military forces in a war
  • Act of asking someone to marry you

hence

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US / hens /

UK / hɛns /

B1
  • adverb
  • A place far away from here
  • Therefore
  • From this time forward

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

plan

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US / plæn /

UK / plæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Drawing of how something should be done or made

presence

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US / ˈprezns /

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

A2
  • noun
  • The same place or area that a person is
  • Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
  • Something not physically seen but felt to be there
  • Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

western

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US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

constitutional

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US / ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
  • Regarding the basic health, character of a person

affair

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US / ə'feə(r) /

UK / əˈfɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Secret sexual relationship between two people
  • Event or a set of events, often unpleasant ones

community

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US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people who share a common idea or area

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

relatively

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US / ˈrelətɪvli /

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a manner comparing something to something else

group

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US / ɡru:p /

UK / ɡrup /

A1
  • noun
  • Two or more musicians who play music together
  • Number of people or things gathered together
  • verb
  • To combine or collect objects or people together

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

anne

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US / æn /

UK / æn /

A1
  • noun
  • Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs;

corridor

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US / ˈkɒrɪdɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈkɔrɪdɚ, -ˌdɔr, ˈkɑr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Passageway between rooms in a buildings

deadline

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US / ˈdedlaɪn /

UK / ˈdɛdˌlaɪn /

B1
  • noun
  • A date or time before which something must be done

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

current

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US / 'kʌrənt /

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or being in the present time
  • noun
  • Electricity flowing through wires
  • Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

remind

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US / rɪ'maɪnd /

UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause someone to remember what they forgot

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

week

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

action

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US / 'ækʃn /

UK / ˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that a person or thing does
  • verb
  • To act to do something

element

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US / 'elɪmənt /

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Essential or particular part of something

denounce

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US / dɪ'naʊns /

UK / dɪˈnaʊns /

B2
  • verb
  • To criticize publicly and forcefully
  • To inform the authorities of some illegal activity

directly

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US / dəˈrektli /

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a frank and honest way
  • Right away; immediately

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

particularly

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US / pəˈtikjuləli /

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Specially; more than others

president

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US / ˈprezɪdənt /

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

A2
  • noun
  • Person in charge of a country, or organization

win

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US / wɪn /

UK / wɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Success in beating the other team or competitors
  • Success in a game or contest
  • verb
  • To get something as a prize because of a success
  • To gain something you want because of your efforts
  • To succeed in a game or contest

norm

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US / nɔ:m /

UK / nɔ:rm /

B1
  • noun
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • An established standard of performance or behavior
  • verb
  • To make something average (statistics)

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

value

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US / 'vælju: /

UK / ˈvælju /

A1
  • noun
  • Importance you attach to something
  • Some information expressed as a number
  • Stated price of something; worth
  • verb
  • To place a high importance on something
  • To say how much money something is worth

actor

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US / ˈæktə(r) /

UK / ˈæktɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who acts in the theater, movies, or TV

fight

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US / faɪt /

UK / faɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • An argument or quarrel
  • Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
  • A struggle to do a difficult task
  • verb
  • To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • To try to hurt someone by hitting them
  • To struggle to do a difficult task

ground

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US / graʊnd /

UK / ɡraʊnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Connection of electrical equipment to earth
  • Place where people play particular sports
  • Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
  • verb
  • To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
  • To make sharp or smooth through friction
  • To press together with force making a sound
  • To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
  • To hit the bottom
  • (Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
  • To prevent a plane from taking off
  • To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

underpin

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US / ˌʌndəˈpɪn /

UK / ˌʌndərˈpɪn /

B2
  • verb
  • To support or strengthen the foundations of

virtual

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US / ˈvɜ:tʃuəl /

UK / ˈvɚtʃuəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Existing only on the internet or on a computer
  • Existing only in a digital world
  • Almost being; nearly complete

access

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US / 'ækses /

UK / ˈæksɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • verb
  • To be able to use or have permission to use

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

force

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US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

sea

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • Very large group of people, similar-looking things
  • Large body of salty water with land around it

step

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US / step /

UK / stɛp /

A1
  • noun
  • Movement done as part of a particular dance
  • Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
  • One part or stage in a process
  • Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
  • Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
  • verb
  • To raise and moving the foot to put it down

education

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US / ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Academic field studying the practice of teaching
  • Process of giving or receiving teaching

grab

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US / ɡræb /

UK / ɡræb /

A2
  • verb
  • To take and hold something quickly

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

political

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US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being active or interested in government matters
  • Diplomatic
  • Of the system of elections and government
  • Concerning government or public affairs
  • Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

assistance

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US / əˈsɪstəns /

UK / əˈsɪstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of helping someone

coup

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US / ku: /

UK / ku /

B2
  • noun
  • Successful taking over of a thing; sudden success
  • Attempt to take control from the government

diplomacy

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US / dɪˈpləʊməsi /

UK / dɪˈploməsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Tactful handling of sensitive relationships

propaganda

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US / ˌprɒpə'ɡændə /

UK / ˌprɑ:pə'ɡændə /

B1
  • noun
  • (Use of) message that you want people to accept

overturn

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US / ˌəʊvə'tɜ:n /

UK / ˌovɚˈtɚn /

C1
  • noun
  • Improbable and unexpected victory
  • verb
  • To reverse a decision
  • To cause an object to turn over

require

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US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

sustain

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US / sə'steɪn /

UK / səˈsten /

B2
  • verb
  • To lengthen or continue to do something
  • To support or maintain someone or something
  • To suffer something damaging or bad

colonial

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US / kəˈləʊniəl /

UK / kəˈloʊniəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a system where one country controls another

reinstate

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US / ˌri:ɪn'steɪt /

UK / ˌriɪnˈstet /

B2
  • verb
  • To give someone back their previous job/position

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

science

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US / 'saɪəns /

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Study of the physical world, based on facts

unless

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US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

vertically

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US / 'vɜ:tɪklɪ /

UK / ˈvə:tɪkl:ɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an up and down position

basic

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US / 'beɪsɪk /

UK / ˈbesɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

concern

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US / kənˈsɜ:n /

UK / kənˈsɚn /

A2
  • noun
  • Company, firm or business
  • Feeling of worry or anxiety
  • verb
  • To be about a particular topic
  • To have a direct impact on someone
  • To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
  • To feel worry or anxiety

absence

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US / ˈæbsəns /

UK / ˈæbsəns /

B1
  • noun
  • State of not being present, or not existing

population

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US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

economy

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US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

A1
  • noun
  • Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

divide

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US / dɪ'vaɪd /

UK / dɪˈvaɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
  • To separate something into equal pieces

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

horizontally

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US / ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəli /

UK / ˌhɔːrɪˈzɑːntəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a flat or level direction

obviously

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US / ˈɒbviəsli /

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

million

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US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

wilfrid

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US / ˈwɪldəbi:st /

UK / 'wɪldəbi:st /

A1

among

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US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

position

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US / pəˈzɪʃn /

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's opinion or attitude about something
  • Specific location where someone or something is
  • Where you play or your role on a sports team
  • Person's job or status level
  • Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
  • verb
  • To put in a particular location or direction

strategy

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US / 'strætədʒɪ /

UK / ˈstrætədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
  • other
  • Branch of military dealing with command

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

deploy

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US / dɪˈplɔɪ /

UK / dɪˈplɔɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To put into position (often a military operation)

director

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US / də'rektə(r) /

UK / dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ- /

A2
  • noun
  • Senior person who manages part of an organization
  • Person who controls the acting in a movie or play

indeed

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US / ɪnˈdi:d /

UK / ɪnˈdid /

A2
  • adverb
  • Actually; in fact; in reality

itself

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US / ɪtˈself /

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Referring to it

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

proxy

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US / 'prɒksɪ /

UK / ˈprɑksi /

B2
  • noun
  • Person authorized to act for another

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

strategic

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US / strəˈti:dʒɪk /

UK / strəˈtidʒɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerned with strategy; well thought out

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

host

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US / həʊst /

UK / host /

A2
  • noun
  • Mass; a great number
  • Person who entertains guests
  • Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
  • Presenter on a television or radio program
  • verb
  • To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
  • To lead or start a party, program, or other event
  • To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

law

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US / lɔ: /

UK / lɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Field of study that relates to the legal profession
  • A rule made and enforced by a government
  • System or rules made by the government

leader

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US / ˈli:də(r) /

UK / ˈlidɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who is in charge of a group or task
  • Person or group who is currently winning

legacy

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US / 'leɡəsɪ /

UK / ˈlɛɡəsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Literature, arts etc. from previous generations
  • Something left or given by a person who has died

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

operate

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US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • To control or manage something such as a business
  • To be working or being used
  • To perform surgery on someone

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

ally

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US / 'ælaɪ /

UK / 'ælaɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
  • verb
  • To join a group to offer or receive support

democratic

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US / ˌdeməˈkrætɪk /

UK / ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of government) giving the people power, a vote
  • Having certain aspects of democracy

internal

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US / inˈtə:nəl /

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being or happening in the body
  • Being, happening in a country, state, organization
  • Within or inside; interior; not external

resolute

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US / ˈrezəlu:t /

UK / ˈrɛzəˌlut /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Firm in purpose or belief

tolerance

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US / ˈtɒlərəns /

UK / ˈtɑ:lərəns /

B1
  • noun
  • Ability to adjust to changes, your environment etc.
  • The space between metal objects e.g. in engines
  • Ability to survive in a difficult environment
  • Willingness to let others think or do as they wish

armed

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US / ɑ:md /

UK / ɑːrmd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having weapons ready to use against others
  • verb
  • To activate a weapon or bomb for use
  • To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

whether

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US / ˈweðə(r) /

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

A1
  • conjunction
  • If something will happen or not

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

canadian

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US / kəˈneɪdiən /

UK / kəˈnediən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Canada
  • noun
  • Person from Canada

disinformation

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US / ˌdɪsˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

UK / ˌdɪsˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Information intended to confuse others

decision

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US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Choice made after thinking; final judgment
  • Ability to make quick and confident choices

ramp

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US / ræmp /

UK / ræmp /

B2
  • noun
  • Path that increases in height as you walk up it
  • verb

war

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US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

towards

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US / tə'wɔ:dz /

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the direction of someone or something

ability

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US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • The power, resources or skill to do something

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
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  • Subtitles section
  • Today marks several international deadlines for Niger's military junta to restore the country's president to power.
  • Canada is among Western nations ending financial assistance to Niger's government unless the coup leaders re-establish democracy.
  • And a regional group called the Economic Community of West African States has drawn up plans for potential military action if President Mohamed Bazoum is not reinstated.
  • Many residents of Niger's capital support efforts to overturn the country's military coup but there are concerns that intervention could lead to a regional war.
  • For a closer look, we are joined by Anne Fitzgerald, she's a professor of political science at Wilfrid Gloria University and the director of the Balsillie School of International Affairs.
  • She joins us from Waterloo, Ontario today.
  • Good morning.
  • I wanted to start by asking you how significant is this decision by Canada to suspend all direct funding to Niger's government?
  • I think that the Canadian announcement follows that of a number of allies such as France, Germany and others.
  • And this is a form of direct assistance which is normally provided to legitimate constitutional governments.
  • And in the absence of a legitimate democratic government acting in line with constitutional laws, there is no other actor to root these direct forms of international assistance to.
  • So it's significant, Canada's standing with its allies, Canada's also recently stepped up its efforts on the African continent through its new African engagement strategy.
  • And this is a clear demonstration that that strategy is underpinned by democratic norms and values.
  • Tell me, what kind of difference, if any, do you think it's going to make to the situation on the ground there?
  • Well, Niger is a country which already receives over $202 billion of international aid funding each year and which is therefore very dependent on it.
  • And over four million people in the country already require humanitarian assistance on an ongoing basis.
  • So, international aid funding directly given to governments, particularly in Africa, is also used for such basic services like access to water, electricity, food, education.
  • And if the crisis is left to continue, the war economy will start to set in, which will make these basic services inaccessible to many communities.
  • And this will obviously be very harmful on the population.
  • In terms of the government and how significant this will be to the military leadership that stepped in over the power grab, it's significant because the government can use that as a narrative to the people and blame much of the country's current problems,
  • Including the problems that have set in from this instability, on the government, on the colonial legacies in the country and hence rise up and ramp up the anti-colonial narrative.
  • So it's very significant indeed.
  • Tell me, of course, Canada and other Western countries are reacting to the fact that Niger's democratically elected president has been deposed and removed, but there is another thing at stake here.
  • Remind us about Niger's strategic importance in the region and the fight against terrorism.
  • Well, it's a very geostrategically important part of Africa and the world.
  • That region is a very difficult neighborhood.
  • Niger, as the largest country in West Africa, sits very prominently in that region and has, through the government, the first democratically elected government post-colonial times in Niger, has been relatively stable,
  • Albeit suffers from development and poverty challenges.
  • It is host to over a thousand French military forces, over a thousand forces from the United States, which has three different bases across the country.
  • But in that difficult neighborhood are non-state terrorist armed groups such as Al-Qaeda, Boko Haram, the Islamic State.
  • And there are also governments that have sustained their military leadership.
  • That country also forms a critical link in a belt which spans across the African continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea.
  • And without that link being a democratic link, we could see a divide across the continent.
  • But this coup contagion, and this is the seventh coup in the Western and Central African region, could also lead to divisions vertically as well as horizontally.
  • And a real grab for Africa that we haven't seen in many years, but it's increasingly becoming a proxy battle space.
  • And tell me, West African states have given Niger until today to reinstate President Bazoum or face possible foreign intervention.
  • How do you think this is going to play out?
  • I think we'll see a number of things play out from it.
  • The first will likely, in my view, be an extension of the deadline.
  • Not by much, though.
  • They were only given a week to begin with.
  • So I would say another 48 hours, another 36 hours.
  • We may see the military leadership in Niger agree to some shuttle diplomacy without commitment.
  • So not anything concerning a political settlement, but just agreement to set up humanitarian corridors and to see some aid and support to the country continue.
  • Remember, this is a war amongst the people.
  • So an insurgency is all about winning hearts and minds of the people.
  • And that's what the government will be positioning itself to do, or the military leadership will be positioning itself to do, as well as the democratic forces.
  • I think the other thing we could see is that ECOWAS does start mobilizing and deploying to forward operating bases around the country.
  • It has the ability to deploy.
  • It deployed to Liberia, it deployed to Gambia, where it still has a presence since 2017.
  • And the military and political leadership across ECOWAS countries is quite resolute.
  • There's an increasing view on the African country that the tolerance towards coups and military-led power grabs will be zero and should be zero in the future.
  • So we'll also watch to see if any other countries like the northern African states step up to follow Algeria's announcement that it denounces any and will not support any military intervention.
  • So we could also see splits occurring across the continent.
  • We could see internal splits start fractionalizing within the military itself.
  • Let's not forget that General Chiani, the leader of the coup, is the leader of the Presidential Guard and was not the leader of the armed forces.
  • So it still remains questionable as to whether every element of the armed forces is following him.
  • The last thing I would say is we will see a huge rise in disinformation and propaganda.
  • Conflicts are now fought in the virtual space as well as on the ground.
  • There will be control of the Internet within the country and within some of the difficult countries that neighbor Niger, like Mali and Burkina Faso.
  • And there will be attempts to win over the people's support, which will further prop up the current military leadership.