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Recession fears as winter 2023 outlook worse than previous year, chief economist at IMF says

Video vocabulary

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

warn

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US / wɔ:n /

UK / wɔrn /

A2
  • verb
  • To tell someone about possible danger

diversification

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US / daɪˌvɜ:sɪfɪ'keɪʃn /

UK / dɪˌvɜ:sɪfɪ'keɪʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • Offering or owning a variety of goods and services

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

supply

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US / sə'plaɪ /

UK / səˈplaɪ /

A2
  • noun
  • Availability of products and services for use
  • Specific things needed to perform a certain task
  • verb
  • To give or sell goods to others for their use

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

historic

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US / hɪˈstɒrɪk /

UK / hɪˈstɔrɪk, -ˈstɑr- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of past event) having an effect on future; famous
  • Connected with the past

digital

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US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Using electronic signals or computers

series

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US / ˈsɪəri:z /

UK / ˈsɪriz /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
  • other
  • Number of things that happen one after another

bid

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US / bɪd /

UK / bɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To propose an amount you want to pay for something
  • To order someone to do something
  • To express words of good wishes to someone leaving

global

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US / ˈgləʊbl /

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
  • Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

economy

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US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

A1
  • noun
  • Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

shock

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US / ʃɒk /

UK / ʃɑ:k /

A2
  • noun
  • The passage of an electricity through the body
  • Sudden bad feeling caused by something unexpected
  • verb
  • To affect someone with an electrical current
  • To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

inflation

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US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of filling something with air or gas
  • Continual rise in the prices of products

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

concern

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US / kənˈsɜ:n /

UK / kənˈsɚn /

A2
  • noun
  • Company, firm or business
  • Feeling of worry or anxiety
  • verb
  • To be about a particular topic
  • To have a direct impact on someone
  • To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
  • To feel worry or anxiety

winter

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US / ˈwɪntə(r) /

UK / ˈwɪntɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
  • noun
  • Time or season of idleness or decay
  • Coldest season of the year
  • verb
  • To spend the cold months at a certain place

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

anne

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US / æn /

UK / æn /

A1
  • noun
  • Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs;

sensitive

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US / 'sensətɪv /

UK / ˈsɛnsɪtɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
  • (Private information) needing careful treatment
  • Concerning awareness of small differences
  • Able to recognize the feelings of others
  • Responsive to physical touch
  • Becoming unstable

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

ukraine

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US / ju:'kreɪn /

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

A1
  • other
  • A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

growth

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US / grəʊθ /

UK / groʊθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Improvement, development in a skill over time
  • A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
  • Act of growing

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

toronto

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US / tə'rɒntəʊ /

UK / tə'rɑnto /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A city in Canada, capital of Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario; population 2,503,281 (2

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

recommend

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US / ˌrekə'mend /

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To advise or suggest that someone do something

recession

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US / rɪˈseʃn /

UK / rɪˈsɛʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of moving backward gradually
  • Decreased business activity, when work is scarce

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

mess

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US / mes /

UK / mɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
  • verb
  • To make something untidy or dirty

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

flooding

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US / flʌdɪŋ /

UK / flʌdɪŋ /

B1
  • verb
  • To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
  • (Of liquid) to fill or cover something completely

disaster

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US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /

UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /

A2
  • noun
  • State of extreme ruin and misfortune

along

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US / əˈlɒŋ /

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • As a companion; taken with someone
  • preposition
  • At a point on a line

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

skyrocket

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US / 'skaɪrɒkɪt /

UK / ˈskaɪˌrɑkɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • (Prices or things) to increase suddenly

price

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US / praɪs /

UK / praɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Cost of something in money
  • verb
  • To determine or set the cost of something

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

climate

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US / ˈklaɪmət /

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Typical weather conditions in a particular place

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

season

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US / ˈsi:zn /

UK / ˈsizən /

A1
  • noun
  • One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
  • Time of year when something usually happens
  • verb
  • To add pepper and salt to something
  • To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

immune

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US / ɪˈmju:n /

UK / ɪˈmjoon /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

capital

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US / 'kæpɪtl /

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main, or major
  • noun
  • Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
  • Official main city of a country, province or state
  • Collective name for money, shares, and assets
  • Money that is used for a business

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

bank

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US / bæŋk /

UK / bæŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A financial institution that keeps or lends money
  • The side of a river
  • A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
  • verb
  • To put or keep your money in a bank
  • To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

rate

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US / reɪt /

UK / ret /

A1
  • noun
  • Current price or cost of something
  • Speed or frequency of events over time
  • verb
  • To assess something or consider its qualities

rampant

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US / ˈræmpənt /

UK / ˈræmpənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Growing rapidly and uncontrollably

struggle

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US / 'strʌɡl /

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong efforts made to do something difficult
  • verb
  • To try very hard to do something difficult

news

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US / nju:z /

UK / nu:z /

A1
  • noun
  • Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
  • Information about recent events

green

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US / gri:n /

UK / ɡrin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of young leaves
  • Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
  • Concerned about protecting the environment
  • The color of young leaves
  • Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
  • Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
  • noun
  • Large grassy area
  • used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

probability

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US / ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌprɑ:bəˈbɪləti /

A2
  • noun
  • What the chances are that something will happen

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

send

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US / send /

UK / sɛnd /

A1
  • verb
  • To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
  • To cause mail or packages to go to another place
  • To move something quickly in a particular way
  • To give information or greetings to someone

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

outlook

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US / ˈaʊtlʊk /

UK / ˈaʊtˌlʊk /

B1
  • noun
  • General feeling or attitude about something
  • Place from which there is a clear view of an area
  • Idea of what the future will look like

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

escalation

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US / ˌeskə'leɪʃn /

UK / ˌeskə'leɪʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • An increase in severity

urge

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US / ɜ:dʒ /

UK / ɚdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • A strong desire for something
  • Strong pressure on someone to do something
  • verb
  • To drive something forward
  • To ask or encourage someone to do something

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

erode

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US / ɪ'rəʊd /

UK / ɪˈrod /

B1
  • verb
  • To destroy something gradually; be destroyed thus
  • To wear away gradually by water, ice or wind

credibility

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US / ˌkredəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality of being believable or deserving of trust

definitely

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US / ˈdefɪnətli /

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without question; beyond doubt

cool

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US / ku:l /

UK / kul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Steady and calm when facing difficulties
  • Almost cold; not warm or hot
  • Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
  • Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
  • verb
  • To make something decrease in temperature
  • (Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

chill

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US / tʃɪl /

UK / tʃɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being a little cold
  • Feeling of fear or being frightened
  • Slight cold or illness that makes you shake
  • verb
  • To make something cold, e.g. a drink
  • To become less tense about something

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

government

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US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people and system that rule a nation

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

rapidly

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US / 'ræpɪdlɪ /

UK / ˈræpɪdlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • With great speed; quickly

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

canada

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US / 'kænədə /

UK / ˈkænədə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

stall

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US / stɔ:l /

UK / stɔl /

B1
  • noun
  • Walled area in a barn where a farm animal is kept
  • A table where things are sold at a market or fair
  • Small private area in a room for a toilet/shower
  • State in which an engine or machine stops working
  • verb
  • To put animals inside the room where they are kept
  • To stop suddenly because of a problem or issue
  • To try to slow down or cause a delay

raise

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US / reɪz /

UK / rez /

A1
  • noun
  • Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
  • Pay increase
  • verb
  • To increase a bet above another when playing cards
  • To gather donations for a cause or charity
  • To bring up and educate a child to maturity
  • To bring a dead person to life
  • To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
  • To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
  • To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
  • To increase (salary, etc.)
  • To grow or care for plants or animals

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

economic

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US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning trade, industry, and money

interest

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US / 'ɪntrəst /

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
  • Fee for borrowing money
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

history

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US / 'hɪstrɪ /

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Established pattern or record
  • Study of past events as an academic subject

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

costly

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US / 'kɒstlɪ /

UK / ˈkɔstli /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very expensive, often wasteful

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

rage

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US / reɪdʒ /

UK / reɪdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Strong or violent anger
  • Sudden display of strong or violent anger
  • verb
  • To act or speak with strong or violent anger
  • To move violently, like a storm

list

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US / lɪst /

UK / lɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Lean of a boat to one side
  • Series of written names, words or numbers
  • verb
  • To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
  • To present for sale for a specific price
  • To write a series of names, words, or numbers

imf

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US / ˌaɪ em ˈef /

UK / ˌaɪ em ˈef /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • International Monetary Fund.

china

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US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
  • other
  • High quality porcelain originally made only in China

pay

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US / peɪ /

UK / pe /

A1
  • noun
  • Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
  • verb
  • To give money for goods or work done
  • To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
  • To be punished or suffer for something you did
  • To make (a visit) to a person or place

human

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US / 'hju:mən /

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of people
  • noun
  • A person; a man, woman or child

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

act

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US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

atlantic

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US / æt'læntɪk /

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

entrench

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US / ɪn'trentʃ /

UK / ɛnˈtrɛntʃ /

C1
  • verb
  • To make an opinion fixed so it is hard to change

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

unprecedented

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US / ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd /

UK / ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not having happened before, or to such a degree

intertwine

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US / ˌɪntə'twaɪn /

UK / ˌɪntɚˈtwaɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To wind together; to cause to be wound together

catastrophic

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US / ˌkætə'strɒfɪk /

UK / ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing a lot of damage or suffering

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

meaningfully

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US / ˈmiːnɪŋfəli /

UK / ˈmiːnɪŋfəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • So someone understands what is intended

maybe

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US / ˈmeɪbi /

UK / ˈmebi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

food

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US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

eurozone

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US / 'jʊərəʊzəʊn /

UK / 'jʊroʊzoʊn /

A1
  • noun
  • The economic region formed by those member countries of the European Union that have adopted the eur

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

swiftly

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US / swɪftlɪ /

UK / ˈswɪftlɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • Quickly

war

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US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

slow

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US / sləʊ /

UK / sloʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
  • (Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
  • Having difficulty understanding simple things
  • Moving or happening without speed; not fast
  • verb
  • To move, with less speed than before
  • To move or go without much speed

historically

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US / hɪ'stɒrɪklɪ /

UK / hɪsˈtɔrɪkl:ɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In history; in the past

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • Recession fears are looming as the winter 2023 outlook appears worse than the previous year, according to the chief economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF's economic world outlook paints a chilling forecast for the upcoming year. While winter 2022 is expected to be challenging, winter 2023 is likely to be even worse. The World Bank and the IMF are warning that next year may feel like a recession due to a series of unprecedented economic shocks and risks. There is a 25% probability that global growth in the next year could slow down to below 2%, a historically low level. This has only occurred five times since 1970.Several imminent risks top the list of concerns for the global economy. These include the escalation of the war in Ukraine, the increasing toll of climate disasters such as the devastating hurricane season in the Atlantic and catastrophic flooding in Pakistan. Additionally, rising interest rates and inflation pose significant challenges. Rapidly rising food prices and the high cost of living are major concerns faced by countries worldwide.History has shown that failure to act swiftly and meaningfully to tame inflation can lead to more costly consequences in the future. Example is the Bank of Canada's slow response to raising interest rates in the 1970s, resulting in the skyrocketing cost of living. In the 1980s, interest rates went as high as 21% in an attempt to curb rampant inflation.Undertightening monetary policies would only further solidify the inflation process, erode the credibility of central banks, and destabilize inflation expectations. The IMF's forecast predicts that the three largest economies in the world, namely the United States, China, and the Eurozone, will experience a stall in growth. Canada, being closely intertwined with the U.S. economy, will not be immune to these effects.To mitigate against future shocks, the IMF recommends that governments invest in key sectors such as the digital economy, human capital, green energy, and supply chain diversification.
  • Subtitles section
  • A chilling forecast in the IMF's economic world outlook.
  • Winter 2022 will be challenging, but winter 2023 will likely be worse.
  • The World Bank and the IMF warn next year will feel like a recession after a series of unprecedented economic shocks and risks.
  • 25% probability global growth next year could slow down to below 2%, a historically low level.
  • We've only had that five times since 1970.
  • Topping the list of imminent risks to the global economy are an escalation of the war raging in Ukraine, the increasing toll of climate disasters, including this historic and devastating Atlantic hurricane season and catastrophic flooding in Pakistan,
  • Along with rising interest rates and inflation.
  • In fact, rapidly rising food prices and the high cost of living, which countries all around the world are struggling with, are key concerns.
  • Maybe a recession is the smaller price to pay.
  • History shows that not acting swiftly and meaningfully to tame inflation creates a more costly mess down the road.
  • In the 70s, the Bank of Canada was slow to raise interest rates and the cost of living skyrocketed.
  • At one point in the 80s, rates were as high as 21% in a bid to cool rampant inflation.
  • Undertightening would further entrench the inflation process, erode the credibility of central banks, and de-anchor inflation expectations.
  • The forecast is that the three largest economies in the world, the U.S., China, and the Eurozone, will stall.
  • Canada won't be immune.
  • Canada is definitely sensitive to what's going on in the rest of the world.
  • Of course, we're most intertwined with the U.S. economy.
  • To create a buffer against future shocks, the IMF recommends governments invest in the digital economy, human capital, green energy, and supply chain diversification.
  • For now, though, interest rates need to go higher and governments are urged to send targeted support to low-income households because an economic winter is coming.
  • Anne Gaviola, Global News, Toronto.