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Company of Heroes 3 - From PC to Consoles - How A Strategy Epic Evolved [Sponsored]

Original YouTube Video | DigitalFoundry Published on 2023-06-01 Level：96 Speed：50 maxwordlevel：28

Video vocabulary

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

slowly

US / ˈsləʊli /

•

UK / ˈsloʊli /

adverb
In an unhurried or not speedy manner

primary

US / 'praɪmərɪ /

•

UK / ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri /

adjecitve
Most important, most basic or essential
Happening first; earliest
of or for the teaching of young children

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

vendor

US / ˈvendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvɛndɚ /

noun
Person who sells things, usually on the street

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

winter

US / ˈwɪntə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪntɚ /

adjecitve
(Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
noun
Time or season of idleness or decay
Coldest season of the year
verb
To spend the cold months at a certain place

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

demo

US / 'deməʊ /

•

UK / 'demoʊ /

noun
Showing how something works (e.g. a new product)

groundbreaking

US / ˈgraʊndbreɪkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɡraʊndˌbrekɪŋ /

adjecitve
Innovative and new
noun
Ceremony to begin a construction project

shadow

US / 'ʃædəʊ /

•

UK / ˈʃædo /

noun
Person who follows another person to observe them
Area of darkness that is caused by blocked light
verb
To cover something with shade
To secretly follow a person

engine

US / 'endʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɛndʒɪn /

noun
Machine that changes energy into mechanical motion
The part of a train that pulls railway cars

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

farewell

US / ˈfɛəˈwel /

•

UK / fɛrˈwɛl /

noun
Act of saying goodbye and leaving

oppose

US / əˈpəʊz /

•

UK / əˈpoʊz /

verb
To fight against someone in a contest or game

constantly

US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

adverb
Frequently, or without pause

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

rage

US / reɪdʒ /

•

UK / reɪdʒ /

noun
Strong or violent anger
Sudden display of strong or violent anger
verb
To act or speak with strong or violent anger
To move violently, like a storm

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

foundry

US / 'faʊndrɪ /

•

UK / ˈfaʊndri /

noun
Factory making metal objects, e.g. for machinery

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

cinematic

US / ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk /

•

UK / ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of the cinema

inform

US / ɪnˈfɔ:m /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔ:rm /

verb
To give information or facts about something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

empire

US / ˈempaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛmˌpaɪr /

noun
Group of countries controlled by one government

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

thereafter

US / ˌðeərˈɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ðɛrˈæftɚ /

adverb
Coming after

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

opponent

US / əˈpəʊnənt /

•

UK / əˈponənt /

noun
Person who opposes an idea or plan; enemy
Person that you are competing against in a game

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

teaching

US / ˈti:tʃɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtitʃɪŋ /

noun
The act of helping people learn
verb
To help someone learn or do something

gpu

US / ˌdʒiː piː ˈjuː /

•

UK / ˌdʒiː piː ˈjuː /

proper noun
A Soviet secret police agency 1922–23.

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

genus

US / ˈdʒi:nəs /

•

UK / ˈdʒinəs /

noun
Category of particular animal or plant species

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

sequel

US / 'si:kwəl /

•

UK / ˈsikwəl /

noun
Story, movie etc. that follows another similar one

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

dna

US / ˌdiː en ˈeɪ /

•

UK / ˌdiː en ˈeɪ /

noun
Chemical in living cells with genetic information

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

absolute

US / ˈæbsəlu:t /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlut /

adjecitve
Complete; total; pure; not limited in any way
noun
Something that is complete, total, pure, certain

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

alpha

US / ˈælfə /

•

UK / 'ælfə /

adjecitve
Most powerful (animals of the same sex)
noun
First letter in the Greek alphabet

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

decisive

US / dɪˈsaɪsɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪsɪv /

adjecitve
Able to make choices quickly and confidently

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

frame

US / freɪm /

•

UK / frem /

noun
Structure that holds a picture or photo
A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
Main part of structures supporting the other parts
verb
To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
To put say or write something in a careful way
To put a picture in a protective structure

clone

US / kləʊn /

•

UK / kloʊn /

verb
To make an exact copy of a living thing

warmth

US / wɔ:mθ /

•

UK / wɔ:rmθ /

noun
Quality of kindness, friendliness, or sincerity
A friendly manner
State of being warm but not hot or cold

thematic

US / θɪˈmætɪk /

•

UK / θɪˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or constituting a topic

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

latter

US / 'lætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlætɚ /

adjecitve
Near the end off
adverb
Being the second of two people, things
noun
The second or last mentioned thing

crater

US / 'kreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkretɚ /

noun
Large hole in ground caused by heavy impact

middleware

US / ˈmɪdlweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪdlwer /

noun
Software that acts as a bridge between an operating system or database and applications, especially

tread

US / tred /

•

UK / trɛd /

verb
To step; to walk on

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

debris

US / dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri: /

•

UK / dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri /

noun
Remains of something broken or destroyed

interactivity

US / ˌɪntəræk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɪntəræk'tɪvətɪ /

noun
Actions whereby people or things affect each other

atypical

US / ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkl /

•

UK / eˈtɪpɪkəl /

adjecitve
Not typical, not usual or normal

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

battle

US / 'bætl /

•

UK / ˈbætl /

noun
Military fight between armies
Working hard to stop something; struggle
verb
To fight or struggle against someone or something
To work hard to stop something; struggle

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

console

US / kən'səʊl /

•

UK / kənˈsol /

verb
To make someone feel better in times of distress

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

stabilize

US / 'steɪbəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪz /

verb
To make stable/consistent, with no major changes

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

button

US / 'bʌtn /

•

UK / ˈbʌtn /

noun
Small round piece material used to fasten clothing
Switch activated by pressing
verb
To fasten e.g. a shirt, coat

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

leap

US / li:p /

•

UK / lip /

noun
(Of prices) a quick large increase
A large forward step or jump
verb
To enter or start something eagerly
(Of prices) to increase quickly by a large amount
To jump over something

ambition

US / æmˈbɪʃn /

•

UK / æmˈbɪʃən /

noun
Desire to win or be successful in life, work

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

invite

US / ɪnˈvaɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvaɪt /

noun
An invitation
verb
To ask someone to go somewhere or do something

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

studio

US / 'stju:dɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈstudio, ˈstju- /

noun
Place for painting, broadcasting, etc.

auf

US / /

•

UK / /

other

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

visual

US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to vision
noun
Pictures/images used to help audience understand

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

press

US / pres /

•

UK / prɛs /

noun
Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
General term for TV, radio, newspapers
A machine that prints books and newspapers
verb
To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
To repeatedly ask someone to do something
To print something such as a book or newspaper
To push something against something else
To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

interface

US / ˈɪntəfeɪs /

•

UK / ˈɪntərfeɪs /

noun
Place where things come together to communicate
verb
To make two different elements interact

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

literally

US / ˈlɪtərəli /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

adverb
So as to express the exact meaning of something
Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

screen

US / skri:n /

•

UK / skrin /

noun
Wire net in a door or window to keep insects out
Displays in a theater on which movies are shown
Flat surface on a computer or TV showing images
verb
To hide or block something from being seen
To examine to find something, e.g. best candidate

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

temporal

US / ˈtempərəl /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəl, ˈtɛmprəl /

adjecitve
Concerning time
Concerning the physical world; not spiritual

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

marry

US / 'mærɪ /

•

UK / ˈmæri /

verb
To become the husband or wife of someone
To perform a marriage ceremony

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

card

US / kɑ:d /

•

UK / kɑ:rd /

noun
One of 54 pieces of paper used in a game of cards
Small piece of paper or plastic used as ID
verb
(Golf) to record how many hits you took

shade

US / ʃeɪd /

•

UK / ʃed /

noun
Area of darkness when something blocks the light
Something that blocks or reduces light
Color that is a little darker or brighter than
verb
To shelter something from direct light
To change the truth to deceive or influence
To make one part of a picture darker or lighter

defy

US / dɪ'faɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈfaɪ /

verb
To refuse to obey; be resistant to

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

shove

US / ʃʌv /

•

UK / ʃʌv /

noun
Rough push on something or someone
verb
To roughly push someone or something away

pace

US / peɪs /

•

UK / pes /

noun
Rate of speed at which something moves or happens
Single step, often used to measure a distance
verb
To set and control your speed, as in a race
To walk with slow purposeful steps

fidelity

US / fɪˈdeləti /

•

UK / fɪˈdɛlɪti,faɪ- /

noun
Loyalty

promise

US / 'prɒmɪs /

•

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

verb
To say you will certainly do something

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

scope

US / skəʊp /

•

UK / skoʊp /

noun
Opportunity for action or thought
Range of things included or dealt with
Instrument that you use to look at things
verb
to look at especially for the purpose of evaluation —usually used with out

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

dress

US / dres /

•

UK / drɛs /

noun
Women's garment with a top part and a skirt
Clothing suitable for a time period or occasion
verb
To prepare food (e.g. salad) before cooking or eating
To decorate something for display e.g. a mannequin
To put clothes on
To clean, care for and apply a cover to a wound

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

acceleration

US / əkˌseləˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ækˌsɛləˈreʃən /

noun
Increase in the speed or rate of something

player

US / ˈpleɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpleɚ /

noun
Machine that plays recorded material
Person who plays a musical instrument
Person who plays games on devices
Person who plays sports

leg

US / leɡ /

•

UK / lɛɡ /

noun
Part of the body from the hips down
The piece of furniture that touches the ground

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

title

US / 'taɪtl /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

noun
Book produced by a publisher
Name given to something to identify or describe it
Name showing profession, marriage or social status
(Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
verb
To give a name to identify or describe something

nowadays

US / ˈnaʊədeɪz /

•

UK / ˈnaʊəˌdez /

adverb
At the present time; now

necessarily

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

•

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

adverb
In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

foundation

US / faunˈdeiʃən /

•

UK / faʊnˈdeʃən /

noun
Base or important starting point
Underground base on which building is constructed
Institution supported by a private fund
First cosmetic used when putting on makeup
Action of establishing an organization

simulation

US / ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪmjəˈleʃən /

noun
A copying method to study the real world

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

leverage

US / 'li:vərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə- /

noun
An advantage which gives you influence or power
verb
To use an advantage which gives you influence

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

field

US / fi:ld /

•

UK / fild /

noun
Area of study, such as physics or biology
Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
Open area of land, especially without buildings
Grassed area where you play some sports
verb
To respond to something or answer a question
To catch or stop a ball during a game

ambitious

US / æmˈbɪʃəs /

•

UK / æmˈbɪʃəs /

adjecitve
Having the desire to be successful in life, work

voodoo

US / ˈvu:du: /

•

UK / ˈvudu /

noun
Cult practiced by sorcery and spirit possession

maneuver

US / mə'nu:və /

•

UK / məˈnuvɚ, -ˈnju- /

noun
Military movement of troops
verb
To move troops in a battle

vehicle

US / ˈvi:əkl /

•

UK / ˈvi:hɪkl /

noun
Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
Means of expressing, showing, or achieving

evolve

US / ɪ'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪˈvɑlv /

verb
To develop certain features
To develop or change slowly over time
To slowly change or develop into something better

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

developer

US / dɪˈveləpə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈveləpər /

noun
Someone who develops real estate

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

foundational

US / faʊn'deɪʃənəl /

•

UK / faʊn'deɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being the base or important starting point

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

special

US / 'speʃl /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəl /

adjecitve
Being additional or extra
Different, better or greater than normal
noun
Heavily discounted sales item

objective

US / əbˈdʒektɪv /

•

UK / əbˈdʒɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Being real, rather than simply being an idea
noun
Something you decide you want to do; goal

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

controversy

US / 'kɒntrəvɜ:sɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi /

noun
Strong public disagreement about something

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

accelerator

US / əkˈseləreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ækˈsɛləˌretɚ /

noun
Pedal that controls the speed a vehicle moves

define

US / dɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To explain the meaning of words
To set or mark the limits of something

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

spark

US / spɑ:k /

•

UK / spɑrk /

noun
Small piece of burning material produced by fire
Tiny, brief bit of light caused by electric energy
First small part of an idea or feeling
verb
To make tiny, brief bits of light
To start something new; To set in motion, activate

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

post

US / pəʊst /

•

UK / post /

noun
Message delivered or shared in an online group
Piece of wood, metal in the ground for support
Job or position within an organization or company
Place where a soldier, etc. is ordered to go
verb
To send a letter or package using stamps
To share a message on an internet discussion group
To send a soldier somewhere to do a job
To put a message in public for everyone to see

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

wiedersehen

US / /

•

UK / /

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

destruction

US / dɪ'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of destroying; damaging beyond repair

snowy

US / 'snəʊɪ /

•

UK / ˈsnoi /

adjecitve
When snow falls; marked by snow falling

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

download

US / 'daʊnləʊd /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˌlod /

noun
Transfer of data from the internet to a computer
verb
To transfer data from a computer or the internet

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

bidding

US / ˈbɪdɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪdɪŋ /

noun
Proposing an amount you want to pay for something
verb
To propose an amount you want to pay for something
To order someone to do something
To express words of good wishes to someone leaving

mechanic

US / məˈkænɪk /

•

UK / mɪˈkænɪk /

noun
A person who looks after/works with machinery

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

troop

US / tru:p /

•

UK / trup /

noun
Group of people
Group of mammals or birds
A group of soldiers
verb
To walk past in a group or large number
To move or gather in a crowd

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

audience

US / ˈɔ:diəns /

•

UK / ˈɔdiəns /

noun
Group of people attending a play, movie etc.

chip

US / tʃɪp /

•

UK / tʃɪp /

noun
Small piece that has broken off (e.g. from cup)
Piece of computer hardware that does calculations
Thin piece of fried potato or other food
Act of hitting a ball high but not very far
verb
To break a small piece off something such as a cup
To break into small pieces, often with a tool
To hit or kick a ball high but not very far

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

curve

US / kə:v /

•

UK / kɚv /

noun
Smooth rounded line that is not straight
verb
To make something bend into a rounded shape

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

gameplay

US / 'ɡeɪmpleɪ /

•

UK / 'ɡeɪmpleɪ /

noun
The plot of a computer or video game

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

wintry

US / ˈwɪntri /

•

UK / ˈwɪntri /

adjecitve
Occurring in winter

playstation

US / ˈpleɪmeɪt /

•

UK / ˈpleˌmet /

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

facet

US / 'fæsɪt /

•

UK / ˈfæsɪt /

noun
A part of something; aspect
Flat surface on an object with many flat surfaces

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

gaming

US / 'ɡeɪmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɡemɪŋ /

noun
Betting money on sports, horses, games etc.

bleed

US / bli:d /

•

UK / blid /

verb
To allow a liquid or gas to escape
To drain something such as water from a source
To flow out of something
(Of a wound, cut knee, etc.) to flow with blood
To take money from someone a little at a time

core

US / kɔ:(r) /

•

UK / kɔr, kor /

noun
Important central part of something
verb
To take out the central section of a fruit

sprite

US / spraɪt /

•

UK / spraɪt /

adjecitve
Small magical creature, often mischievous

purely

US / ˈpjʊəli /

•

UK / ˈpjʊrli /

adverb
For no other reason; only and completely

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

dare

US / deə(r) /

•

UK / der /

noun
A dangerous or risky act people are afraid to do
verb
To challenge someone to do something that is risky
To have enough courage to do something

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

seek

US / si:k /

•

UK / sik /

verb
To ask someone for help
To search for; try to find or do; look for
To try to achieve something

technical

US / ˈteknɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkəl /

adjecitve
Complex; difficult to understand
Of practical use of machine/science in industry

filter

US / 'fɪltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪltɚ /

noun
Device to remove certain types of light, sound
Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
verb
To remove certain types of light, sound
To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas

intense

US / ɪn'tens /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

adjecitve
Very strong, great or extreme in degree

bell

US / bel /

•

UK / bɛl /

noun
Metal object shaped like a cup that rings when hit
Electronic device that makes a ringing sound

quote

US / kwəʊt /

•

UK / kwot /

noun
Written statement of the cost of something
The (often wise or famous) words of another person
verb
To tell someone how much a task will cost
To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

realistic

US / ˌri:əˈlɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌriəˈlɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Looks or appears real; like things really are

hardware

US / ˈhɑ:dweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rdwer /

noun
Physical parts of a computer, machine or device
Items such as computers, monitors and keyboards
Metal tools or parts used to repair something

graphic

US / ˈgræfɪk /

•

UK / ˈɡræfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning things that are drawn
In clear detail, often when unpleasant in some way
noun
Picture or drawing used to show something clearly

footstep

US / ˈfʊtstep /

•

UK / ˈfʊtˌstɛp /

noun
Sound of someone walking

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

api

US / ˌeɪ piː ˈaɪ /

•

UK / ˌeɪ piː ˈaɪ /

abbreviation
API is an acronym

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

controversial

US / ˌkɔntrəˈvə:ʃəl /

•

UK / ˌkɑntrəˈvɚʃəl, -siəl /

adjecitve
Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

patreon

US / 'peɪʃənts /

•

UK / 'peɪʃənts /

software

US / ˈsɒftweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɔ:ftwer /

noun
Computer applications and systems

radically

US / 'rædɪklɪ /

•

UK / ˈrædɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
Completely or extremely

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

relic

US / ˈrelɪk /

•

UK / ˈrɛlɪk /

noun
Valuable, ancient thing or work of art

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

trend

US / trend /

•

UK / trɛnd /

noun
Current style or fashion
Direction things are moving in; current style
General direction that is taken
verb
To be current and popular
To move up or down

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

nvidia

US / /

•

UK / /

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

outflank

US / ˌaʊtˈflæŋk /

•

UK / aʊtˈflæŋk /

verb
To get the better of; to outperform another
To go around the side of (an opposing army)

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

chase

US / tʃeɪs /

•

UK / tʃes /

noun
Act of going after someone to catch them
other
To try very hard to get something that you want
verb
To go after with the intention of catching

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

polygon

US / ˈpɔli:ˌgɔn /

•

UK / ˈpɑliˌɡɑn /

noun
Closed plane figure bounded by straight sides

taste

US / teɪst /

•

UK / test /

noun
(Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
A liking for something; preference
Brief experience of something
verb
To experience something
To experience the flavor of food, drink
To briefly experience to see if you like something

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

snow

US / snəʊ /

•

UK / sno /

noun
Person's name
White ice crystals that fall from the sky
verb
(Of ice crystals) to fall to the ground
To fool into believing something untrue

integral

US / ˈɪntɪgrəl /

•

UK / ˈɪntɪɡrəl, ɪnˈtɛɡrəl /

adjecitve
Being an essential part of something; necessary

convention

US / kənˈvenʃn /

•

UK / kənˈvɛnʃən /

adjecitve
Concerning a large formal assembly or meeting
noun
Official agreement between two or more countries
Large formal assembly, e.g. to make laws
Proper and widely accepted way of behaving

practically

US / ˈpræktɪkli /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪkli /

adverb
Nearly, almost, or in effect

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

weather

US / 'weðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɛðɚ /

noun
Whether it is raining, sunny, cold etc. outside
verb
To successfully deal with a difficult situation
To erode or become damaged due to the environment

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

combine

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To mix several things together to form one thing

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

rt

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Shortened form of 'right'

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

shelter

US / 'ʃeltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʃɛltɚ /

noun
Place to protect people/animals from abuse
Structure that covers or protects things
State of being protected from danger, bad weather
verb
To give animals, people a place away from abuse
To find protection from danger/bad weather

integrate

US / ˈɪntɪgreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪntɪˌɡret /

verb
To combine together; make into one thing

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

polygonal

US / pə'lɪɡənl /

•

UK / pə'lɪɡənl /

noun
Having many sides; of a surface marked by polygons

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

strategy

US / 'strætədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈstrætədʒi /

noun
Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
other
Branch of military dealing with command

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

utilize

US / ˈju:təlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈjutlˌaɪz /

verb
To use something for a particular purpose

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

conquer

US / 'kɒŋkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋkɚ /

verb
To take possession of (land, city) with an army
To beat something difficult, e.g. a fear; overcome

dimension

US / daɪˈmenʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈmɛnʃən, daɪ- /

noun
Number of planes (X, Y, Z axes) an object has
Measurement in space, e.g. length or diameter
Scope, extent or size of something abstract

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

und

US / ˌju: en ˈdi: /

•

UK / ˌju ɛn ˈdi /

noun
German for and

genre

US / 'ʒɒ̃rə /

•

UK / ˈʒɑnrə /

noun
Category of art, music with its own qualities

deny

US / dɪ'naɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈnaɪ /

verb
To refuse to allow or accept something

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

terrain

US / təˈreɪn /

•

UK / təˈren /

noun
Characteristics (e.g. rough) of a piece of land

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

blizzard

US / 'blɪzəd /

•

UK / ˈblɪzəd /

noun
Powerful windstorm with large amounts of snow

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

rarity

US / ˈreərəti /

•

UK / ˈrerəti /

noun
Being not often done; something rarely seen

compute

US / kəm'pju:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpjut /

verb
To find out by calculating or estimating

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

shooter

US / 'ʃu:tə(r) /

•

UK / 'ʃu:tər /

noun
People who shoot guns at others; assassin

asteroid

US / ˈæstərɔɪd /

•

UK / ˈæstəˌrɔɪd /

noun
Very small planets that move around the sun

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

tank

US / tæŋk /

•

UK / tæŋk /

noun
Container for holding liquid or gas
Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
verb
To fail completely or badly
To deliberately lose a game or contest

explosive

US / ɪkˈspləʊsɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplosɪv /

adjecitve
Tending to show strong emotion suddenly
Occurring very quickly and suddenly
Able to release a lot of energy fast, like a bomb
noun
Material which can explode (e.g. a bomb)

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

intervene

US / ˌɪntəˈvi:n /

•

UK / ˌɪntərˈvi:n /

verb
To get involved to try to prevent trouble

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

headline

US / ˈhedlaɪn /

•

UK / ˈhedlaɪn /

noun
Title summarizing a news story
verb
To be the main performer at a show

twitter

US / ˈtwɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtwɪtɚ /

noun
An online messaging system
verb
To make small chattering sounds, like some birds

sega

US / ˈsigə /

•

UK / /

noun
A style of music traditional in Mauritius, Réunion, and the Seychelles, characterized by a strong, s

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

tech

US / tek /

•

UK / tɛk /

noun
Shortened form of 'technology' or 'technician'

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

entertainment

US / ˌentəˈteɪnmənt /

•

UK / ˌɛntɚˈtenmənt /

noun
Act or process of providing service for someone
Singing, dancing, telling jokes to amuse people

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

command

US / kə'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / kəˈmænd /

noun
Electronic order to a computer to do something
An order to control things or others
verb
To be able to see far from a certain location
To give an order; have control over others
To have or get (respect or attention)

patch

US / pætʃ /

•

UK / pætʃ /

noun
Cover worn over an eye to protect or hide it
Piece of ground on vegetation grows
Piece of cloth sewn onto garments to repair holes
Small spot different from the area around it
verb
To join or unite, e.g. two phone calls
To repair hole by sewing a piece of cloth over it

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

hence

US / hens /

•

UK / hɛns /

adverb
A place far away from here
Therefore
From this time forward

annihilate

US / ə'naɪəleɪt /

•

UK / əˈnaɪəˌlet /

verb
To completely destroy, or get rid of, by force

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

era

US / 'ɪərə /

•

UK / 'ɪrə /

noun
Period characterized by particular events, people

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

weaving

US / 'wi:vɪŋ /

•

UK / 'wi:vɪŋ /

verb
To make a cloth or baskets by crossing threads
To combine and connect ideas, stories, or themes
To move through but changing direction frequently

framerate

US / /

•

UK / /

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

handful

US / 'hændfʊl /

•

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

noun
an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

tactical

US / ˈtæktɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtæktɪkəl /

adjecitve
Doing things to get the result you want; planned

squad

US / skwɒd /

•

UK / skwɑ:d /

noun
A sports team

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

intel

US / ˈɪn.tel /

•

UK / ˈɪn.tel /

noun
Secret information about the governments of other countries, especially enemy countries
An American multinational corporation and technology company

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

xbox

US / raɪlɪ /

•

UK / raɪlɪ /

instance

US / 'ɪnstəns /

•

UK / ˈɪnstəns /

noun
An example of something; case
verb
To give as an example of something else

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

crossfire

US / ˈkrɒsfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkrɔ:sfaɪə(r) /

noun
Lively or heated interchange of ideas and opinions

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

landscape

US / 'lændskeɪp /

•

UK / ˈlændˌskep /

noun
Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
Picture of natural scenery in a place
View of a (beautiful) country area or scene
verb
To make gardens that improve an area of land

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

slow

US / sləʊ /

•

UK / sloʊ /

adjecitve
Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
(Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
Having difficulty understanding simple things
Moving or happening without speed; not fast
verb
To move, with less speed than before
To move or go without much speed

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

brutal

US / 'bru:tl /

•

UK / ˈbrutl /

adjecitve
Extremely violent or mean

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

content

US / 'kɒntent /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛnt /

adjecitve
Being happy or satisfied
noun
Information in something, e.g. book or computer

vancouver

US / vænˈkuːvə(r) /

•

UK / vænˈkuːvər /

proper noun
A city and port in British Columbia, in southwestern Canada, on the mainland opposite Vancouver Isla
An industrial port city in southwestern Washington, on the Columbia River, north of Portland in Oreg

embrace

US / ɪm'breɪs /

•

UK / ɛmˈbres /

noun
Act of holding someone closely
verb
To hold closely; cuddle, kiss or hug

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

subscriber

US / səbˈskraɪbə(r) /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪbər /

noun
Person who pays a (monthly) fee to get a service

texture

US / ˈtekstʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛkstʃɚ /

noun
Quality from different elements, as in music
Look and feel of a substance or material
verb
To give a particular look or feel to a surface

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

comparison

US / kəmˈpærɪsn /

•

UK / kəmˈpærɪsən /

noun
Act of comparing things

visibility

US / ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality of being able to be seen, as at a distance
Ability to be seen by others

graphical

US / ˈgræfɪkl /

•

UK / ˈɡræfɪkl /

adjecitve
Detailed so something is very clear

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

physics

US / ˈfɪzɪks /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪks /

other
The study of heat, light, and energy on objects

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

oodle

US / /

•

UK / /

pack

US / pæk /

•

UK / pæk /

noun
Bag carried on the back of donkey, etc.
Group of people, animals, or objects
verb
To put things in a suitcase to go on a trip
To crowd a place with a large amount of things
To put something into a container to store it

contemplative

US / kənˈtemplətɪv /

•

UK / kənˈtɛmplətɪv, ˈkɑntəmˌple- /

adjecitve
Deeply or seriously thoughtful

hero

US / ˈhɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈhɪroʊ /

noun
Person of great courage/strength who saves others
Main male character in a book, play or story

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

havoc

US / ˈhævək /

•

UK / 'hævək /

noun
Situation with destruction, damage and confusion

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

grass

US / grɑ:s /

•

UK / græs /

noun
Slang name for marijuana
Plants with narrow green leaves, grown on lawns
verb
To betray someone
To cover an area of ground to make a lawn or field

platform

US / 'plætfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

noun
Flat, raised structure that people stand on
Area from which you board a train at a station

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

spec

US / spek /

•

UK / spɛk /

noun
Detailed description of design criteria

announcement

US / əˈnaʊnsmənt /

•

UK / əˈnaʊnsmənt /

noun
Act of informing people about something publicly

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

cpu

US / ˌsiː piː ˈjuː /

•

UK / ˌsiː piː ˈjuː /

abbreviation
CPU is an acronym

historical

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Connected with the past

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

tessellation

US / ˌtesɪ'leɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌtesɪ'leɪʃən /

noun
Careful positioning of shapes in a pattern

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

pioneer

US / ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌpaɪəˈnɪr /

noun
Person exploring a new place or field of endeavor
verb
To begin or discover something new
To take part in the development of something new

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

boom

US / bu:m /

•

UK / bum /

noun
Very fast increase in growth or popularity
A very loud and deep sound
verb
To experience a rapid increase in growth
To make a very loud and deep sound

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

aaa

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
Acronym for American Automobile Association

zero

US / ˈzɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊ /

noun
Temperature when water turns to ice
number
Number 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

want

US / wɔnt /

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UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

twist

US / twɪst /

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UK / twɪst /

noun
Turn or spiral curve in a path or road
Bend or sudden change of direction
An unexpected change in the direction of a story
a change in the way in which something happens
verb
To turn something in a circular direction
To turn in a curving direction e.g. road or path
To bend something into a particular shape
To change the meaning in an unintended way
To turn in opposite directions at the same time
To wind something around something else
To turn direction or position, as of your body

expansion

US / ɪkˈspænʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈspænʃən /

noun
Making or becoming larger

mold

US / məʊld /

•

UK / mold /

noun
Distinctive type of character or nature
Fungus growing on old food or in wet dark places
Container to shape material into a certain form
verb
To influence a person's character or behavior
To form something into a shape

Subtitles section

Bringing over a real-time strategy game to console is always a daring leap, and Relic Entertainment are doing exactly that with Company of Heroes 3. Yes, the legendary and ambitious series from Relic stretching back more than 15 years is finally making the jump to PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series consoles with the third game in May of 2023.

So you can finally get a taste of that real-time, historical, tactical destruction all on a controller.

And as daring as it is to try and make RTS work on a controller, being daring is nothing new for Relic and Company of Heroes.

Going back to that first game in 2006, it dared to break many conventions in the RTS genre while leveraging the highest-end technology available at the time to make it all possible.

In today's video brought to you by Digital Foundry and Sega, I will be telling the story of the tech behind Company of Heroes, what made the first game so special, and how that core tech drive continued on into future installments of Company of Heroes thereafter.

And to tell the story of Company of Heroes, we really first need to tell the story of Relic Entertainment.

The genre-bending DNA and tech of Company of Heroes has its genus in Relic's earliest titles.

When Relic Entertainment was founded in Vancouver, Canada in 1997, they took two years to produce their first title, Homeworld.

Now there's so much that could be said about Homeworld, but its relation to Company of Heroes is simple.

It's Relic's first title, and even with this first title, they are showing that the studio is not just going to chase trends from other real-time strategy games.

You can see this in the foundational facets that make Homeworld the game it is.

At a time when many other real-time strategy games focused on large ground battles with oodles of units made with tried-and-tested 2D sprite technology, Relic was on another plane entirely with Homeworld.

Literally, as all ships, intervening asteroids, and the play space itself were rendered in three dimensions.

In 1999, real 3D polygonal graphics on PC were an absolute rarity in the real-time strategy genre.

Yet, Relic fully embraced them on a technical level and on a gameplay level as well.

In Homeworld, the 3D space is the game.

It has an entirely different feel to other RTS games of the time as a result.

It is more contemplative, slower paced, and requires you to think in those three dimensions.

Even the game's user interface is all about teaching you how to play the game in 3D. In a field dominated by Age of Empires, Starcraft, Command & Conquer, and then of course all of their clone games,

Homeworld was different and refreshing.

The tech behind it was atypical as well.

All of these texture-mapped polygons you're seeing on screen here were either rendered slowly in software on the CPU or drawn hyper-fast through Direct3D or OpenGL on 3D accelerators in 1999 like the Voodoo 3,

Matrox G400, Nvidia TNT2, Intel i7-40, or Rage 128.

As all the various vendors and cards should show you there, the landscape for 3D acceleration had yet to stabilize.

In fact, 3D acceleration had yet to become the de facto way that games would be rendered on PC. Software rendering was still very common, and especially in RTS games.

So with their first game, Relic were bucking trends on multiple levels.

Homeworld's fully 3D camera and gameplay space was practically unheard of in RTS, and Relic made it possible at high fidelity and at good framerates by embracing new technology.

This combined approach of innovative gameplay driven by new technologies which made Homeworld what it is would come to define Relic games in the future thereafter.

Each game would have some new technical twist which drove the core aesthetic and even gameplay loop.

And it would all come to head really though with the first Company of Heroes in 2006.

Now the way Company of Heroes would marry tech with its gameplay in such a groundbreaking way is something that I can only explain by explaining the time period it came out in.

To give you the context, that mid-2000s time period was a boom era on the PC for tech and everything was about simulation and interactivity.

I would say the big spark behind it all was the jaw-dropping demo of Half-Life 2 at E3 2003.

And since then, physics-based gameplay had been weaving its way into PC titles with some being more successful than the others.

This was thanks in part to the Havoc middleware, a physics engine that could be integrated to drive rigid-body physics in games.

While physics was making its splash in first-person games like Half-Life 2, it still had yet to make a big mark in a defining way for real-time strategy games.

Many games in RTS were still being made in the previous mold, now just with 3D polygons instead of 2D sprites.

With Company of Heroes, Relic would once again defy the trends and do something different.

It would make the physics and simulation a headline feature.

To quote the game's announcement press release, Company of Heroes is built on Relic's next-generation Essence engine, and it also utilizes the Havoc physics engine, delivering cinematic visual detail in a world completely driven by realistic physics.

That's quite the promise for the announcement of 2005, and I think it was well fulfilled when the game launched one year later.

So how did Company of Heroes utilize this new tech in its gameplay?

Well the game is all about commanding a handful of squads or vehicles, and the primary objective is to not necessarily annihilate the enemy, but instead capture areas on the game map for a certain amount of time.

The moment-to-moment gameplay is all about maneuvering your troops into firing positions and utilizing cover to protect your troops from enemy fire.

At the same time, this means you want to deny the enemy troops the advantages of cover, so you can have an advantage.

You can do this by outflanking the enemy or by destroying their cover.

And that's where the physics come in, as every bit of cover you can see in this game can be chipped away piece by piece until it is fully destroyed, with the bits and pieces of cover flying about as physicalized debris.

So physics are not just a set dressing, it's an integral part of the gameplay loop with you constantly thinking about taking cover and destroying the enemy's cover, either with explosives or heavy vehicles.

When push comes to shove, you can also create your own cover in the game, such as by utilizing heavy artillery to create craters in the game map, where you can then place your troops in them.

This tactical maneuvering and cover-based gameplay with destruction was rather new to RTS, and it essentially spawned a sub-genre of its own after the fact.

And it was all done by leveraging an emerging technology, much like how Homeworld embraced emerging technologies to drive its base gameplay almost 7 years earlier.

Of course, it wasn't just all about the physics back in 2006, as Company of Heroes was quite the looker on release.

It was filled with in-game cutscenes, per-pixel shading with normal maps, real-time shadows, and loads of detail on the units and buildings.

And it did not stop at release, as Relic would embrace the new DX10 API with the 2007 Opposing Fronts Expansion Pack, which would use GPUs like the 8800GTX to further improve the visuals in Company of Heroes with a patch.

That patch would see improved character models and texture work, improved shadow filtering with DX10, and improved terrain details with the help of DX10's instanced alpha shell textures to give the grass that cool 3D look.

After the release of the DX10 patches, Company of Heroes had an unparalleled level of graphical fidelity in the RTS field, and it even held up surprisingly well next to AAA first-person shooters of that era.

Soon enough, Relic would be moving on to other games after Company of Heroes, and the question on my mind at that time was, how exactly would Relic manage to up the ante in its sequel?

The graphics were already great, and the gameplay was second to none, so how would they improve on it?

The answer came soon enough in 2013 with the release of Company of Heroes 2, and here once again Relic managed to utilize new tech to evolve gameplay in a way that hadn't been seen in other real-time strategy games before.

Now Company of Heroes 2 does many things sequels do.

It has a wider scope and greater detail.

Just putting the character models of the same units from the first and second game next to each other, it is easy to see the roughly 7 years of tech advancement, yet Relic wanted to push the second game further beyond that in the gameplay in a very thematic way.

As history tells us, the Eastern Front in World War 2 was beyond brutal, and the inclement winter weather played a large role in many of that conflict's most decisive battles.

To capture this, Relic made the weather a gameplay element in its own right in the second game, and it is driven by new tech.

When a blizzard hits and visibility goes to zero, your troops need to seek warmth and shelter to survive the cold and continue fighting, and outside of the blizzard moments, the movement of your troops and tracked vehicles is measured in the snowy terrain itself,

With each tank tread and footstep leaving behind indentations in the snow where your opponent can then use those tracks to get a sense of your troop movements, so the wintry terrain and weather is informing the tactical decisions of the players.

Like the first game and Homeworld before it, this new snow mechanic was driven by new tech, and the evolution of technology on the PC platform in general once again played a big role in shaping which tech Relic would leverage to do this.

In the year 2013, PC was once again on a boom curve.

The last-gen consoles were on their last legs, and developers were using the far more advanced PC hardware of that era to spec out and make next-generation experiences.

So a number of games released on PC hardware at that time looked radically different and better on PC in comparison to console.

A big reason for this was DirectX 11, where developers were learning to use compute shaders and hardware-based tessellation.

This latter feature of tessellation would be the driving tech behind the snow in Company of Heroes 2, so Relic utilized this new tech to enable this new gameplay system.

This is quite intense when you compare it to other titles which often just had DirectX 11 graphical effects being purely visual and not being an enabling factor to a gameplay system.

In this sense and others, Company of Heroes 2 is very forward-looking with its tech, almost to the point of controversy on release.

See, Company of Heroes 2 did not support SLI and Crossfire, which was controversial at the time.

And the reason why it didn't support SLI or Crossfire is because its tech was forward-looking.

In its rendering, Company of Heroes 2 leverages data from previous frames to inform the drawing of the current frame.

This temporal rendering at the time was not too common, hence the controversy, but Company of Heroes 2's rendering was really the sign of things to come, a glimpse of the future.

Nowadays, temporal rendering, or using previous frames to render the current frame, is the dominant way rendering is done in games.

SLI and Crossfire have also long since gone the way of the Dodo, as they don't fit into the paradigm shift of temporal rendering.

Company of Heroes 2 was ahead of the curve here, and it just goes to show you how sometimes being on the bleeding edge of tech, like the game was, can invite controversy.

As time went on, the controversy went away, and Company of Heroes 2 now looks and plays all the better in the year 2023 due to the ambitious decisions it made for tech more than a decade ago.

With that being said, we're back in the year 2023, with Company of Heroes 3 already having been released on PC earlier in the year.

With this third game, the tech and gameplay of the series is well-honed as it's building off the pioneering systems of the first and second games.

The new technical challenge here and frontier for Relic with this third game is to open up this great series to a new audience and bring the game to consoles.

With the game releasing on May 31st on consoles, Relic looked to be doing just that, and finally after more than 15 years, console players can enjoy and experience the gameplay in one of the best real-time strategy game series in the history of gaming.

A series built on the foundations of Relic's ambition to always push tech forward in RTS games in a way that enables entirely new gameplay that really hasn't been seen before, which is something I hope this video has been able to show and do justice to the great game series that this is.

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