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Conservative Party fundraised record-breaking $35M in 2023 | Power & Politics

Original YouTube Video | CBCNews Published on 2024-02-01 Level：69 Speed：65 maxwordlevel：25

Video vocabulary

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

loss

US / lɒs /

•

UK / lɔ:s /

noun
Friend, family, or other loved person's death
Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
Experience or state of failing to have or keep
A situation when you lose a game
Process of failing to have or keep something
Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
Situation when more money is spent than is earned

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

curate

US / ˈkjʊərət /

•

UK / ˈkjʊrət /

verb
To take care of objects, e.g. at a museum

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

tim

US / tɪm /

•

UK / tɪm /

abbreviation
Timothy (especially in biblical references).

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

engagement

US / ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈɡedʒmənt /

noun
Something you must do at a set time; appointment
Fight between opposing military forces in a war
Act of asking someone to marry you

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

chest

US / tʃest /

•

UK / tʃɛst /

noun
Strong, lidded container for storing things
Front of the body between neck and stomach

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

cabinet

US / ˈkæbɪnət /

•

UK / ˈkæbənɪt /

noun
Piece of furniture resembling a cupboard
Group of advisors to a leader of a government

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

hire

US / ˈhaɪə(r) /

•

UK / haɪr /

noun
Short term rental of something e.g. car, phone
verb
To give a job to someone in exchange for pay
To give the use of something in exchange for money

province

US / 'prɒvɪns /

•

UK / ˈprɑvɪns /

noun
Subject that a person has a good knowledge of
Area a country is divided into outside the capital

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

rotation

US / rəʊˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / roʊˈteɪʃn /

noun
Regular change of the crops grown in a field
Group who take turns performing a certain task
Regularly changing the time when people work
Movement in a circle around a central point

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

gta

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Grand theft auto, theft or the attempted theft of a motor vehicle.
Greater Toronto Area.

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

majority

US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

noun
Amount that is more than half of a group

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

stack

US / stæk /

•

UK / stæk /

noun
A large number or amount of something
Large tube through which smoke exits a building
verb
To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

singh

US / sɪŋ /

•

UK / /

noun
A title or surname adopted by certain warrior castes of northern India, especially by male members o

mirror

US / 'mɪrə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪrɚ /

noun
Thing with glass surface used to look at yourself
An accurate impression or picture of something
verb
To reflect (an image)
To have similar qualities to something else

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

discrepancy

US / dɪs'krepənsɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɛpənsi /

noun
Difference between amounts that should be the same

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

quebec

US / kwɪ'bek /

•

UK / kwɪ'bek /

proper noun
A heavily forested province in eastern Canada; population 7,546,131 (2006). Settled by the French in
A code word representing the letter Q, used in radio communication.

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

negative

US / 'neɡətɪv /

•

UK / ˈnɛɡətɪv /

adjecitve
Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
In mathematics, being less than zero
Focusing on the bad aspects; pessimistic
noun
The opposite to a positive electrical charge
In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
Reply to a question or statement that means 'no'
Image on camera film used to make a photo

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

tactical

US / ˈtæktɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtæktɪkəl /

adjecitve
Doing things to get the result you want; planned

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

freedom

US / 'fri:dəm /

•

UK / ˈfridəm /

noun
State of being free, not being controlled

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

pivot

US / 'pɪvət /

•

UK / ˈpɪvət /

noun
Point on which something turns or balances
verb
To turn or balance on a center point

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

ninety

US / 'naɪntɪ /

•

UK / ˈnaɪnti /

number
90

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

activate

US / ˈæktɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈæktəˌvet /

verb
To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
To make something start working

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

retreat

US / rɪ'tri:t /

•

UK / rɪˈtrit /

noun
Act of a force moving back from a winning enemy
A place away from home and work to relax
Movement slowly backward, like floods of water
A change away from a previous opinion or belief
Act of going away from something difficult
verb
(Of army, etc.) to move back from a winning enemy
To go away from home and work for a vacation
To move slowly backward, like floods of water
To stop arguing for a particular opinion or belief
To go away from something difficult/dangerous

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

exploit

US / ɪk'splɔɪt /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔɪt /

noun
Personal journey or series of events
verb
To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
To use something in a very effective manner

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

trail

US / treɪl /

•

UK / trel /

noun
Series of marks or signs left by something moving
Rough path, as through a forest or field
Following behind someone to see what they're doing
verb
To follow behind someone
To be losing to a competitor
To pull something behind you along the ground
To follow behind someone to see what they're doing

elect

US / ɪ'lekt /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkt /

verb
To select someone for a position by voting

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

define

US / dɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To explain the meaning of words
To set or mark the limits of something

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

opposition

US / ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn /

noun
Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
Group that you are fighting or competing against

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

tour

US / tʊə(r) /

•

UK / tʊr /

noun
A trip to several places to perform a show
A journey to visit several places for pleasure
verb
To travel to several places to perform a show
To visit several places for pleasure

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

everybody

US / ˈevribɒdi /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

pronoun
Every person; everyone

cultivate

US / 'kʌltɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈkʌltəˌvet /

verb
To grow plants, crops etc.
To cause to grow by education; to enlighten

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

airwave

US / 'eəˌweɪv /

•

UK / 'erˌweɪv /

noun
Electronic waves sending radio, television signals

consume

US / kən'sju:m /

•

UK / kənˈsum /

verb
To eat, drink, buy or use up something
To take all your energy; focus the attention

competitive

US / kəmˈpetətɪv /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Being strongly driven to win or be better than

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

vera

US / ˈvɪərə /

•

UK / ˈvɪrə /

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

frequency

US / 'fri:kwənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈfrikwənsi /

noun
Number of repetitions of (radio or sound) wave
How often something happens

analogy

US / əˈnælədʒi /

•

UK / əˈnælədʒi /

noun
Comparison of things based on their similarity

television

US / ˈtelɪvɪʒn /

•

UK / ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən /

noun
Device that broadcasts programs, movies or show

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

justin

US / 'dʒʌstɪn /

•

UK / 'dʒʌstɪn /

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

eclipse

US / ɪˈklɪps /

•

UK / ɪˈklɪps /

noun
When moon or other body passes in front of another
Loss of status due to others' increased success
verb
To pass in between and block view of (Sun, etc.)
To reduce the status of someone or something

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

cast

US / kɑ:st /

•

UK / kæst /

noun
People who appear in a play or movie
Small amount of a particular color
Shape to pour hot metal in to create objects
Hard covering put around injured arm, leg etc.
verb
To give specific roles to actors in a movie, play
To describe someone's personality or character
To make objects using a mold
To be presented in a certain way
To send out or direct something
To throw something using a line, e.g. when fishing

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

vendor

US / ˈvendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvɛndɚ /

noun
Person who sells things, usually on the street

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

toronto

US / tə'rɒntəʊ /

•

UK / tə'rɑnto /

proper noun
A city in Canada, capital of Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario; population 2,503,281 (2

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

govern

US / ˈgʌvn /

•

UK / ˈgʌvərn /

verb
To officially control land and make policies

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

conservative

US / kənˈsɜ:vətɪv /

•

UK / kənˈsɚvətɪv /

adjecitve
(Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
Resistant to change
noun
Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

ride

US / raɪd /

•

UK / raɪd /

noun
Machine at an amusement park for riding on for fun
Trip on a bicycle or a horse
verb
To travel in a particular vehicle as a passenger
To sit on and control a horse or vehicle

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

monthly

US / ˈmʌnθli /

•

UK / ˈmʌnθli /

adverb
Occurring about once every 4 weeks

fascinating

US / ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ /

adjecitve
Having your attention fixated as though by a spell
Very interesting
verb
To attract or interest greatly

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

excite

US / ɪk'saɪt /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪt /

verb
To make something or someone become more active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

margin

US / ˈmɑ:dʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rdʒən /

noun
Edge of an area
Edge or border of a page on above, below
Profit; money left over after all costs

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

panel

US / 'pænl /

•

UK / ˈpænəl /

noun
Group who answer questions or give opinions
Flat surface with controls and switches
Flat, thin piece of material, often made of wood
verb
To cover a wall with thin pieces of wood

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

magnitude

US / ˈmægnɪtju:d /

•

UK / ˈmæɡnɪˌtud, -ˌtjud /

noun
Number representing force of an earthquake
Size or importance
Number representing the brightness of a star

motivate

US / 'məʊtɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈmotəˌvet /

verb
To give someone a reason, the will to do something

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

tory

US / ˈtɔ:ri /

•

UK / ˈtɔri, ˈtori /

noun
British conservative politician

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

ontario

US / ɒn'teərɪəʊ /

•

UK / ɑ:n'terɪoʊ /

proper noun
A province in eastern Canada, between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes; population 12,160,282 (2006);
A commercial city in southwestern California, east of Los Angeles; population 171,691 (est. 2008).

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

adapt

US / ə'dæpt /

•

UK / əˈdæpt /

verb
To change something for a different function
To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

stamina

US / ˈstæmɪnə /

•

UK / ˈstæmənə /

noun
Long-term physical or mental strength

tremendous

US / trəˈmendəs /

•

UK / trɪˈmɛndəs /

adjecitve
Very good or very impressive

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

flip

US / flɪp /

•

UK / flɪp /

noun
Act of turning your body in the air; somersault
Movement of something from one position to another
verb
To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
To move into a different position quickly
To move a button or switch to turn on or off

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

donor

US / ˈdəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdoʊnə(r) /

noun
Someone giving money or gifts to support a cause

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

brace

US / breɪs /

•

UK / bres /

noun
Structure that strengthens a joint
verb
To prepare yourself for a struggle/difficult time

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

blanchett

US / frɒg /

•

UK / frɔ:g /

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

specific

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

•

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Precise; particular; just about that thing
Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

park

US / pɑ:k /

•

UK / pɑ:rk /

noun
Person's name
Public green area in a town for exercise, relaxing
Field upon which a sport is played, e.g. baseball
verb
To stay still without moving
To leave your car, bike in a certain place

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

domino

US / ˈdɒmɪnəʊ /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:mənoʊ /

noun
Flat rectangular blocks with spots used in a game

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

strategist

US / ˈstrætədʒɪst /

•

UK / ˈstrætədʒɪst /

noun
Expert in strategy (especially in warfare)

prisoner

US / 'prɪznə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɪzənɚ, ˈprɪznɚ /

noun
Someone kept in a prison as punishment for a crime

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

message

US / 'mesɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɛsɪdʒ /

noun
Main idea or theme in a story, book, or film
Piece of information that is told/given to someone
verb
To communicate using text

capitalize

US / ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl:ˌaɪz /

verb
To write words, the first letter in BIG LETTERS
To supply the money needed to build a business
To take advantage of an opportunity

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

pocket

US / 'pɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɑkɪt /

adjecitve
(As if) small enough to fit in your pocket
noun
Small cloth bag sewn into clothing to hold things
Area of space
verb
To put something into your pocket
To take or hide something illegally

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

enormously

US / ɪˈnɔ:məsli /

•

UK / ɪˈnɔ:rməsli /

adverb
Extremely (happy, popular, etc.)

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

comfortable

US / ˈkʌmftəbl /

•

UK / ˈkʌmfətəbəl, ˈkʌmftəbəl /

adjecitve
Having more than enough e.g. money for your needs
Being relaxed, warm or happy

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

leah

US / ˈliːə /

•

UK / ˈliːə /

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

broadcast

US / 'brɔ:dkɑ:st /

•

UK / ˈbrɔdˌkæst /

noun
Program sent out from a radio or TV station
verb
To send out signals by radio or television

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

activity

US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

noun
An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

pre

US / ˈpriː /

•

UK / ˈpriː /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'before'
In preparation or in advance

playoff

US / 'pleɪˌɒf /

•

UK / ˈpleˌɔf, -ˌɑf /

noun
Contest to determine which team goes to the final

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

writ

US / rɪt /

•

UK / rɪt /

noun
Writing, e.g. religious or legal

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

vote

US / vəʊt /

•

UK / vot /

noun
Act of deciding who to choose in an election
verb
To make a choice for or against, as in an election

premier

US / 'premɪə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈmɪr,-ˈmjɪr,ˈprimɪr /

adjecitve
Being the most influential, important, or best
noun
Prime minister of a country
verb
To show/be shown for the first time (of film, etc.)

fortress

US / ˈfɔ:trəs /

•

UK / ˈfɔ:rtrəs /

noun
Military buildings providing protection

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

eighteen

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

•

UK / eˈtin /

number
18

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

zoom

US / zu:m /

•

UK / zum /

noun
Camera lens used to magnify images
verb
To move along or go somewhere very quickly

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

nowhere

US / 'nəʊweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnoˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
Not in or at any place; no place

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

dirt

US / dɜ:t /

•

UK / dɚt /

noun
Loose earth or soil

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

rob

US / rɒb /

•

UK / rɑb /

noun
Person's name
verb
To steal money or property from (bank or person)
To prevent from getting something deserved

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

boutique

US / bu:ˈti:k /

•

UK / buˈtik /

noun
Small fashionable shop

honestly

US / ˈɒnɪstli /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪstli /

adverb
With truth or sincerity; I'm being honest with you

communication

US / kəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Talking to people; giving information to people

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

telegraph

US / ˈtelɪgrɑ:f /

•

UK / ˈtelɪgræf /

noun
Messaging system using wires and electric signals
verb
To signal to someone without speaking
To send messages using electric wires

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

fear

US / fɪə(r) /

•

UK / fɪr /

noun
Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
verb
To be afraid of or nervous about something

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

anger

US / ˈæŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡɚ /

noun
Feelings of being upset, mad or annoyed
A strong feeling we can get if we think we're being treated badly
verb
To make someone mad, upset, or annoyed

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

staff

US / stɑ:f /

•

UK / stæf /

noun
Employees of a company
Long stick that a person uses to help them walk
verb
To hire workers for a business

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

atlantic

US / æt'læntɪk /

•

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

adjecitve
Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

consensus

US / kənˈsensəs /

•

UK / kənˈsɛnsəs /

noun
A decision that is shared by most of a group

stark

US / stɑ:k /

•

UK / stɑ:rk /

adjecitve
Very clear and often unpleasant

tired

US / ˈtaɪəd /

•

UK / ˈtaɪərd /

adjecitve
Without energy so you want to rest or fall asleep
verb
To lose, cause to lose energy so you want to rest

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

similarity

US / ˌsɪmə'lærətɪ /

•

UK / ˌsɪməˈlærɪti /

noun
Degree to which people or things are the same

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

sauce

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔs /

noun
Food made from cooked fruit, e.g. apples or mangos

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

rehabilitation

US / ˌri:əˌbɪlɪ'teɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrihəˌbɪləˈteʃən /

noun
Helping criminals, etc. to return to normal life

clever

US / 'klevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈklɛvɚ /

adjecitve
Funny in a way that shows intelligence
Showing intelligence; quick to understand or learn

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

profit

US / 'prɒfɪt /

•

UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /

noun
Benefit from doing something
Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
verb
To be a benefit to someone
To earn money from something

style

US / staɪl /

•

UK / staɪl /

noun
The (tasteful) way something is designed or done
verb
To shape or design something in a certain way

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

liberal

US / 'lɪbərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl /

adjecitve
Open-minded; willing to hear others' opinions
Political party for freedom and social change
Supporting progress and social change
Not being strict
noun
Someone who is open-minded and favors progress

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

pierre

US / pɪə /

•

UK / pɪr /

other
Capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

partially

US / ˈpɑ:ʃəli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rʃəli /

adverb
In part; in some degree; not wholly

tight

US / taɪt /

•

UK / taɪt /

adjecitve
Showing anxiety or anger; tense
Positioned physically close together
Managed or controlled in a strict and careful way
(Of road, bend) curving sharply
Drunk
Being equally matched in ability or score
Lacking extra space
Having limited time available
Being very limited in supply
Not generous; mean with money; stingy
(Rope or tie) pulled strongly
Being in a good solid relationship
adverb
Firmly; so it can't move

ward

US / wɔ:d /

•

UK / wɔ:rd /

noun
Person's name
Child legally protected and cared for by a court
Section or part of a town or city
Separate part or area of a hospital

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

noun
Man; boy; any person

hair

US / heə(r) /

•

UK / her /

noun
Long thin strands growing on your head or body
Short distance; a very small amount

frame

US / freɪm /

•

UK / frem /

noun
Structure that holds a picture or photo
A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
Main part of structures supporting the other parts
verb
To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
To put say or write something in a careful way
To put a picture in a protective structure

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

shirt

US / ʃɜ:t /

•

UK / ʃɜ:rt /

noun
Light garment for upper body, with sleeves

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

thematic

US / θɪˈmætɪk /

•

UK / θɪˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or constituting a topic

regional

US / ˈri:dʒənl /

•

UK / ˈridʒənəl /

adjecitve
Of a particular area, not the whole of a country

ballot

US / 'bælət /

•

UK / ˈbælət /

noun
Piece of paper used for the purpose of voting
verb
To have voted in an election

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

husband

US / ˈhʌzbənd /

•

UK / ˈhʌzbənd /

noun
Married man

outspend

US / aʊt'spend /

•

UK / aʊt'spend /

verb
Spend more than (someone else)

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

identification

US / aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / aɪˌdɛntəfɪˈkeʃən /

noun
(Card or paper) that proves who a person is

lie

US / laɪ /

•

UK / lai /

noun
An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
verb
To be in a horizontal or flat position
To say something that you know is not true

nimble

US / ˈnɪmbl /

•

UK / ˈnɪmbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to move quickly and easily

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

micro

US / 'maɪkrəʊ /

•

UK / ˈmaɪkro /

noun
A prefix meaning 'very small'

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

typically

US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

adverb
In a normal or usual way

efficiency

US / ɪˈfɪʃnsi /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənsi /

noun
Working well; producing something without waste

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

seat

US / si:t /

•

UK / sit /

noun
Place where a government or organization is based
A chair or place to sit
Official position in an organization
Part of a chair on which a person sits
verb
To have seats available for a number of people
To give someone a place to sit down

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

advertise

US / ˈædvətaɪz /

•

UK / ˈædvərtaɪz /

verb
To show how good a product is, to make people buy

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

fifteen

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

•

UK / fɪfˈtin /

number
15

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

landscape

US / 'lændskeɪp /

•

UK / ˈlændˌskep /

noun
Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
Picture of natural scenery in a place
View of a (beautiful) country area or scene
verb
To make gardens that improve an area of land

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

donation

US / dəʊˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / doʊˈneɪʃn /

noun
Gift or money given to help support a cause

platform

US / 'plætfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

noun
Flat, raised structure that people stand on
Area from which you board a train at a station

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

sport

US / spɔ:t /

•

UK / spɔː(r)t /

noun
Something that is done for fun, e.g. football
Game or physical exercise with rules
Someone with a good attitude when things go badly
verb
To do something for fun, e.g. playing with animals
To wear, or show something off by wearing it

voter

US / ˈvəʊtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvotɚ /

noun
Person who can vote in an election

cash

US / kæʃ /

•

UK / kæʃ /

noun
Physical money (not credit card or digital)
verb
To sell or give something to get money

bureau

US / 'bjʊərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈbjʊro /

noun
Administrative unit of government

holland

US / 'hɒlənd /

•

UK / 'hɑlənd /

noun
A kind of smooth, durable linen fabric, used chiefly for window shades and furniture covering.
proper noun
another name for the Netherlands
A city in southwestern Michigan, noted for its Dutch heritage; population 34,076 (est. 2008).

online

US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

adjecitve
Connected to the internet

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

thin

US / θɪn /

•

UK / θɪn /

adjecitve
Flowing with ease; with a high percentage of water
(Of air) having little oxygen
Being or growing far apart in small amounts
Not thick; not wide in size
Having little flesh or fat on the body
Being weak or useless
verb
To make flow more easily by adding water or liquid

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

compete

US / kəmˈpi:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpit /

verb
To try to beat others at something, e.g. a race

criticism

US / ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Article or essay that judges quality
Negative judgment of something
Something negative that you say about something
School of thought

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

fundraise

US / ˈfʌndreɪz /

•

UK / ˈfʌndreɪz /

verb
To hold a gathering to raise money for something

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

october

US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

•

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

noun
10th month of the year

radio

US / ˈreɪdiəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪdioʊ /

adjecitve
Concerning the broadcasting of sound
noun
System of sending/receiving signals through air
Device to listen to broadcast programs, messages
verb
To broadcast a message to be heard by radio

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

reputation

US / ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən /

noun
Common opinion that people have about someone

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

desire

US / dɪ'zaɪə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪr /

noun
Thing that is wished for or wanted
verb
To wish for, hope or want something

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

tape

US / teɪp /

•

UK / tep /

noun
Narrow strip of magnetic material for recording on
Thin material used to mark an area or seal things
verb
To record some sounds using an electric device
To stick things together using an adhesive strip

wound

US / waʊnd /

•

UK / waʊnd /

noun
Sadness or displeasure caused by a bad memory
Physical injury, especially that suffered in war
verb
To rotate a part of say a watch to make it work
To hurt someone emotionally
To injure someone in a fight with a knife gun etc.

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

collect

US / kəˈlekt /

•

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

adverb
By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
verb
To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
To gather things, people together in one place
To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
To take things and bring them together
To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

snow

US / snəʊ /

•

UK / sno /

noun
Person's name
White ice crystals that fall from the sky
verb
(Of ice crystals) to fall to the ground
To fool into believing something untrue

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

hockey

US / ˈhɒki /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:ki /

noun
Sport played on a field with sticks and a ball

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

respond

US / rɪ'spɒnd /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

verb
To answer something or someone
To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

director

US / də'rektə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ- /

noun
Senior person who manages part of an organization
Person who controls the acting in a movie or play

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

mode

US / məʊd /

•

UK / moʊd /

noun
Fashion and design
Status or way of functioning

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

combine

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To mix several things together to form one thing

crossover

US / 'krɒsəʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkrɔsˌovɚ, ˈkrɑs- /

noun
The use of a new style (especially in pop music)

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

comfort

US / 'kʌmfət /

•

UK / ˈkʌmfət /

noun
Acts or words that reduce pain or sadness
State of being relaxed, warm or happy
verb
To try to make distressed person feel better

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

programming

US / ˈprəʊgræmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈproʊgræmɪŋ /

noun
Writing computer code for a piece of software
TV or radio shows broadcast by a station
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

puzzle

US / 'pʌzl /

•

UK / ˈpʌzəl /

noun
Something challenging to explain or understand
Game requiring the player to find an answer
Game with many pieces, e.g. forming a picture
A problem requiring thought and skill to be solved
verb
To be a challenge to understand; confuse

strategic

US / strəˈti:dʒɪk /

•

UK / strəˈtidʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerned with strategy; well thought out

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

gambling

US / 'ɡæmblɪŋ /

•

UK / 'ɡæmblɪŋ /

noun
Act of betting money on events
verb
To play games to win money

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

nimbleness

US / ˈnɪmblnəs /

•

UK / /

noun
Intelligence as revealed by quickness and alertness of mind

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

profile

US / 'prəʊfaɪl /

•

UK / ˈproˌfaɪl /

noun
A short description of a person or group
Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
verb
To write a short description of a person or group

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

machinery

US / məˈʃi:nəri /

•

UK / məˈʃinəri, -ˈʃinri /

noun
System/processes to get official approval, etc.
Machines in general
Inner, working parts of a machine

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

somehow

US / ˈsʌmhaʊ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhaʊ /

adverb
In a way that is not known or certain

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

Subtitles section

Well, the Conservative Party broke some fundraising records in twenty twenty three.

Elections Canada says the Conservative raised a record thirty five point two million in donations last year.

That's more than double the fifteen point six million brought in by the governing Liberal Party and five times what the NDP raised last year.

Health Minister Mark Holland says the Conservatives are capitalizing on Canadians fear.

Holding a mirror to people's anger and just making them more worked up, pushing into their wounds, into their fear.

has great profit in it, and the conservatives have been enormously successful in exploiting that.

Well, what do these fundraising numbers tell us about how the next campaign may be framed?

Because there's some time and there's some money.

And we're going to bring in the power panel on that.

Rob Benzie is the Toronto Star's Queen's Park Bureau Chief.

Amanda Olivero is a former Liberal Party communications strategist.

Leah Ward is a former Director of Communications for Alberta NDP Premier Rachel Notley.

And here with me is Tim Powers, former strategist for Conservative Party.

So you've got three husbands and you and Benzie.

Well, you know, all right, Tim, thank you for that conversation.

Let's start with you.

This is a lot of money, and I know the conservatives spend more money on fundraising than the other parties do, and they have a more activated political base, typically, than the other parties do.

There are limits on what you can spend during a campaign, but no limits on what they can spend between now and the campaign.

So just what kind of a competitive advantage does this sort of cash give a party that's out in front?

Let me put it in a context that I think everybody who watches television, particularly sports television, will understand right now.

Even Amanda, because she's had some great sport analogies recently.

You think the gambling ads, the online gambling ads, you're going to see a lot of them, and you have seen a lot of them.

Polyev now has the ability to almost match that buy, right?

To buy as many ads as he wants to curate about his image.

I think there's a new one or one that was new to me with Pierre and the puzzle that's out there right now.

Again, trying to depict him in a frame that he's comfortable with before the liberals do that.

That's a huge advantage and I think you've seen the benefits of that.

I mean, the criticism over the fall, many of the criticisms that have been directed at the Liberals, one of them is, why haven't you punched back?

Why have you let them have the free run of the airwaves?

And that's going to continue.

That money allows you to do that.

It also allows you to engage in a space where the Conservatives seem to be doing very well.

social media platforms.

And what that does isn't just advertising, it cultivates data, which is so vital in this day and age.

So it's a huge advantage.

So Amanda, we know coming out of the cabinet retreat and what we heard from the Prime Minister when he spoke to caucus last week, that they're trying to frame this as the year of the choice, right?

To lay out the stark choice they see between Canadian voters.

And that means defining Pierre Polyev in a way that his negatives go up.

the war chest on one side to dirt up his reputation compared to the war chest on the other side are nowhere near even.

So how do the liberals adapt to that?

And this is such a big challenge.

I mean, if you haven't had enough of Pierre Poliev in his tight t shirts from the last campaign, then brace yourself because more is coming.

And they telegraphed this in the fall, right?

They said, we're going to spend a lot more dollars on

Pierre's public image, his profile, building it with Canadians, and the Liberals responded in kind, saying, and this has been really the criticism of the party and the desire of the members and those who support the Liberals, is when are we going on the attack, right?

We watch the Conservatives roll out these long form, fifteen minute policy videos.

We watch them spend three million dollars on Pierre Polliad's rehabilitation campaign to make him more

relatable, and then liberals really haven't responded in kind yet.

So when you see a gap of this magnitude, like a fifteen million dollar discrepancy between the two parties, it's extremely alarming because those are ad dollars and ad buys.

And those ad buys mean how many times you're going to see an ad, how many times you're going to consume one over social media or over broadcast, and they are just going to outspend the liberals at this point.

They're going to have to get super clever with how they get their message out.

So Leah, it's not just more than the liberals, it's more than the liberals and the NDP combined by almost thirteen million dollars.

What does that tell us about the political landscape and the ability of two of the big national parties to the left to compete with the big one on the right?

I mean, when we're looking at the numbers, there's not a lot of loss from both the NDP and, and the Liberals.

So I mean, there's some comfort to those parties, you know, in that sense.

But yeah, I mean, the panel, I think there's some consensus here, right?

Like that much money is a tremendous advantage, particularly outside of an election period where there are no spending limits, and they can fill the airwaves, particularly in paid media.

They have a tremendous ability to understand

what drives engagements and interactions.

in digital media and in social media.

And with this kind of money, the potential for the Conservatives is, I'd be very nervous if I were the Liberals.

The only, perhaps, I don't know, comfort they could take is in Alberta, the Alberta NDP out fundraised the UCP for a full, every quarter for an entire year, and even partially in twenty two prime months.

partially for the year, all of the year, nearly doubled their fundraising numbers, and still lost the election by a hair.

So it's not all money.

What you do with it matters.

But unfortunately for the Liberals, they're very effective.

And so I think this is bad news.

So, Benzie, it's not just the high level dollar amounts, right?

It's the number of people it's coming from.

There's two hundred thousand small donors to the Conservatives, just thirty eight thousand for the Liberals.

Now, that's always been kind of that way with the Conservatives.

They have this highly motivated, consistent, you know, monthly donor base.

But what does that tell us about, you know, where the Conservative movement is and what the other parties might need to do to try to even try to match that?

I mean, it's very difficult, David, for the other parties to motivate their bases in this way.

And those two hundred thousand donors, those are two hundred thousand voters as well.

I mean, if you're going to write a check to a political party, chances are you're also going to walk through the snow or whatever in October twenty twenty five and cast a ballot.

for that party.

So I think that's, if I'm Mr. Polyaev, I'm very excited about that.

Now, to Leah's point, the party that raises the most money doesn't always win.

And this is the comfort that I think that the liberals would find, small comfort as it may be, the record that Mr. Polyaev's party set last year eclipsed a record that they had set in two thousand eighteen.

And they lost the two thousand nineteen and the two thousand twenty one elections despite

fight out fundraising the Liberals.

Now, they're doing even better than they've ever done before.

And Mr. Polyev's slick ad campaign last summer, I think was effective.

I think we're going to see a lot of ads this year.

And not just on sort of boutique channels, we're going to see it during major sports games.

I don't know if they'll have a Super

ad this year, but we're going to see it in hockey playoffs, things like that, where Canadians are really engaged.

And they're not zooming through taped programming or anything like that.

So that's why, to Tim's point, it's very important to raise these big dollars if you want to advertise in a mass way like that.

And it also adds a nimbleness, which is important, right?

It's not the big ads and or the regional ads, it's even very specific local ads.

I'll give you an example.

In Atlantic Canada, five years ago, you would have never heard in a pre writ period radio ads, conservative specific issue radio ads.

They're buying radio ads in seats they're hoping to win.

The Liberals and the NDP don't have the resources to do that or even defend the base that they have.

Those little

Actions and activities that cost much less can have a bigger impact in flipping a seat here, there, and that's what they're trying to do with this too.

The local spend is fascinating.

You know, in a very ironic way, the Conservatives don't want the government to invest in the media, but they're doing a ton of investing in the media right now.

But they are helping local markets.

The ad buys are in heavy rotation.

I have seen conservative ads on this channel, which is a fascinating thing to see.

But on that point, I mean, the way they're operating now, the conservatives, they're in a campaign until voting day, right?

I mean, Vera Polyaeva is traveling around the country.

This money allows for that to happen.

It allows them to hire staff.

And as Tim was saying, where the liberals might have to focus on a big national thematic strategic buy,

They have this capacity now to do the nimble tactical switch and pivots on issue by issue and riding by riding in some cases.

For sure.

And I would argue that they've been in campaign mode since PolyEv was elected leader.

That's been their style of communications from go.

The other thing that they have the ability to do, which we don't talk about as often, is deeper research, better focus groups.

So they can get into the pockets of the country where very specific messaging will resonate and matter.

And they can deliver that messaging at a higher frequency to those areas.

And honestly, the other parties just won't have the funds to go that deep.

not just on the buy itself, but also on the research.

What do people want to hear?

What are they really moved by?

And they're going to have the ability to go much deeper in that area, which I think can give them an advantage in pockets of the country that the liberals and the NDP won't be able to touch in the same way.

So Leah, the secret sauce for the liberals in the last couple of campaigns has been, in some ways, the industry of their leader on the campaign trail.

I mean, Justin Trudeau's long days, multiple cities, multiple provinces, he doesn't seem to get tired.

Other leaders haven't been able to match that.

Polyev definitely has that level of stamina and capacity.

He has the freedom as the opposition leader to do that now.

How does Jagmeet Singh respond to that?

How does Mr. Blanchett respond to that in Quebec?

And how do the liberals, who are prisoners of governing, how do they respond?

Yeah, without the money, it's pretty tough to compete, you know.

So, you know, if touring is possible and getting into like, I think the only way to fight against this type of massive war chest and machinery that's being collected behind Parapoly is to look at micro targeting areas where you think you can have a competitive edge.

And so if it means putting the leader in smaller communities where they get direct access and, you know, one to one time,

with voters, that's probably a good defense against a massive air war that you just can't compete against.

But at the end of the day, it's going to be tough for them.

You know, Benzie, just as a guy who knows Ontario and Toronto really well, it's always been little thin margins of vote efficiency that have done it for the Liberals.

Not always been, but that's been a key part of them holding on to the Fortress GTA basically because their data in some ways has been better.

To Amanda's point, this maybe lets the Conservatives really kind of close the gap there, right?

And what impact do you see this happening on Fortress GTA for the Liberals potentially?

I think it's going to be the thing to watch in the next election, David, because, yes, the conservatives have a sophisticated voter identification system.

They are very good at it.

I know because the provincial conservatives are really, really good at it.

Now, there's not a lot of crossover among the parties, but there are some similarities in terms of the technology that they use and the vendors that they use.

And I think that's something that I'd be watching very closely because they are very good at getting their voter to the to the poll.

So I think but I mean, the problem for the Tories is that it's a dominoes kind of theory here in Ontario.

Right.

And you either win thirty seats or you win ninety seats.

It's hard to it's hard to or eighty seats.

It's hard to win, you know, fifty or sixty.

It's just it's just it doesn't seem to get they don't seem to get those breaks somehow.

And if Jagmeet Singh has a good campaign, that could help the Tories in a bunch of ridings in Ontario.

If he has a bad campaign, as he did last time, that helps the Liberals.

Yeah, the key thing for the Conservatives in Ontario is to win more seats than everybody else.

If they win the majority of seats, stack that on with the West and everything else, they probably come out on top.