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How was the Golden Gate Bridge built? | The construction innovations

Video vocabulary

climb

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US / klaɪm /

UK / klaɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
  • Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
  • verb
  • To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
  • To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

pair

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US / peə(r) /

UK / per /

A2
  • noun
  • Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
  • Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
  • verb
  • To put two things or people together

pulley

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US / 'pʊlɪ /

UK / ˈpʊli /

B2
  • noun
  • Device for heavy lifting with wheel drawn by chain

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

such

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US / sʌtʃ /

UK / sʌtʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Being similar to
  • (Thing) as previously stated or referred to
  • adverb
  • (Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

california

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US / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:njə, -'fɔ:ni:ə /

UK / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:rnjəˌ -'fɔ:rni:ə /

A1
  • noun
  • A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the rd largest state; known for earthquakes

cellular

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US / 'seljələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɛljəlɚ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a cell of a living thing
  • (Of radio signals) functioning without wires

dredge

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US / dredʒ /

UK / drɛdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • Scooping machine used to dig up river channels

fully

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US / 'fʊlɪ /

UK / ˈfʊli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely or entirely

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

placement

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US / ˈpleɪsmənt /

UK / ˈpleɪsmənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of putting something in a place or position

purpose

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US / 'pɜ:pəs /

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

wooden

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US / ˈwʊdn /

UK / ˈwʊdn /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of acting) without natural emotion; unconvincing
  • Made of wood

dedicated

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US / 'dedɪkeɪtɪd /

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd /

B1
  • verb
  • To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
  • To give your energy, time, etc. completely

lopsided

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US / ˌlɒpˈsaɪdɪd /

UK / ˈlɑpˈsaɪdɪd /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • With one side lower/smaller/lighter than the other

lower

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US / 'ləʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position more near the bottom
  • verb
  • To move something downward to the ground

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

piece

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US / pi:s /

UK / pis /

A1
  • noun
  • A counter in a board game
  • Small part of something larger
  • verb
  • To put items together to assemble something

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

soil

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US / sɔɪl /

UK / sɔɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • Conditions in which something develops
  • Mix of natural material in which plants grow
  • Land of a certain country
  • verb
  • To get or become dirty

unaffected

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US / ˌʌnəˈfektɪd /

UK / ˌʌnəˈfɛktɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not changed when something happens; natural

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

cement

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US / sɪ'ment /

UK / sɪˈmɛnt /

B1
  • noun
  • Building material made from gray powder, water
  • verb
  • To bind or hold together strongly
  • To make something more stable or stronger

compact

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US / 'kɒmpækt /

UK / kəmˈpækt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Packed closely together
  • noun
  • Small case with face powder and a mirror
  • verb
  • To pack something closely or tightly

difficult

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US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

foundation

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US / faunˈdeiʃən /

UK / faʊnˈdeʃən /

C1
  • noun
  • Base or important starting point
  • Underground base on which building is constructed
  • Institution supported by a private fund
  • First cosmetic used when putting on makeup
  • Action of establishing an organization

wonder

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US / 'wʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
  • verb
  • To feel curious about something
  • To think or consider about something over time

efficiently

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US / ɪ'fɪʃntlɪ /

UK / ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that does not create waste

explode

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US / ɪk'spləʊd /

UK / ɪkˈsplod /

B1
  • verb
  • To express an emotion in a sudden and loud way
  • To increase in number or amount very quickly
  • To burst or cause to burst into pieces

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

individual

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US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made for use by one single person
  • Having a distinct manner different from others
  • noun
  • Single person, looked at separately from others

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

strong

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US / strɒŋ /

UK / strɔŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tea or beer) dark or thick
  • Having big muscles; physically powerful

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

vehicle

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US / ˈvi:əkl /

UK / ˈvi:hɪkl /

A2
  • noun
  • Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
  • Means of expressing, showing, or achieving

joseph

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US / ˈdʒəuzif /

UK / ˈdʒozəf, -səf /

A1
  • noun
  • (New Testament) Husband of Mary and (in Christian belief)
  • other
  • Leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops

operation

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US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Business or company, or its activities
  • Functioning; use
  • Medical procedure involving surgery

stable

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US / 'steɪbl /

UK / ˈstebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position where something does not fall over
  • Having a chemical state that is not easily changed
  • Reacting in an even way; having good mental health
  • In good condition, and not likely to deteriorate
  • noun
  • Group of racing horses that belong to one owner
  • verb
  • To put horses in a stable

special

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US / 'speʃl /

UK / ˈspɛʃəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being additional or extra
  • Different, better or greater than normal
  • noun
  • Heavily discounted sales item

door

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US / dɔ:(r) /

UK / dɔr,dor /

A1
  • noun
  • You walk through this when you go in a room

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

tower

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US / 'taʊə(r) /

UK / ˈtaʊɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Tall, narrow building
  • Tall metal structure for broadcasting, or the view
  • verb
  • To be very good at something

solid

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US / 'sɒlɪd /

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
  • Being well made and expected to last long
  • Having no space or emptiness inside
  • Being made entirely of one material or substance
  • noun
  • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

mount

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US / maʊnt /

UK / maʊnt /

B2
  • noun
  • An attachment used to keep something in place
  • Title of a specific mountain
  • Horse that someone is riding
  • verb
  • To attach something to something else
  • To set a picture, jewel etc. in
  • To sit on a horse or bike in order to ride it
  • To climb a mountain
  • To organize an exhibition, race etc.
  • To start (an attack) against an enemy

scaffold

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US / 'skæfəʊld /

UK / ˈskæfəld, -ˌold /

C2
  • noun
  • Temporary supporting platform outside buildings
  • verb
  • To build on previous information or knowledge

steel

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US / sti:l /

UK / stil /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made of, or partly made of, a strong silvery metal
  • noun
  • Very strong or determined character in a person
  • Very strong metal made of iron, etc.
  • verb
  • To prepare yourself for something difficult

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

area

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US / 'eərɪə /

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of measured space
  • A specific section or space; part of a region
  • A subject or field of study

importantly

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US / ɪmˈpɔːtntli /

UK / ɪmˈpɔːrtntli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an important way;

loading

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US / ˈləʊdɪŋ /

UK / ˈlodɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of putting things on a truck, ship, etc.
  • verb
  • To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

marine

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US / mə'ri:n /

UK / məˈrin /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the ocean or ocean plants and animals
  • Concerning sailing or doing business by sea
  • noun
  • Soldier trained to serve on land and sea

normal

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US / 'nɔ:ml /

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • Having standard mental or physical ability, health

side

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US / saɪd /

UK / saɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In addition to the central or most important thing
  • Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
  • noun
  • Position or opinion that is opposite to another
  • Right or left part of a person's body
  • Feature of someone's personality
  • Straight edge of an object
  • One of two or more groups fighting each other
  • verb
  • To decide to agree with one point, not the other

slot

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US / slɒt /

UK / slɑ:t /

B1
  • noun
  • A long narrow opening to put a coin, etc. in
  • verb
  • To put something in a small narrow opening

wheel

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US / wi:l /

UK / wi:l /

A2
  • noun
  • Round thing that rolls, used for moving things
  • verb
  • To move something which has wheels or is on wheels
  • To turn or cause to turn something in a circle

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

alas

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US / əˈlæs /

UK / əˈlæs /

B2
  • exclamation
  • Used to express sorrow, compassion, regret, grief

beautiful

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US / 'bju:tɪfl /

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having dome something well
  • Being very attractive or appealing physically

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

perfectly

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US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a faultless manner; without mistakes

separate

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US / 'sepəreɪt /

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being different from or unrelated to another
  • verb
  • To divide two things by being in between them
  • To live away from your husband or wife
  • To move things away from each other

walkway

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US / ˈwɔ:kweɪ /

UK / ˈwɔkˌwe /

C2
  • noun
  • Path set aside for walking

crane

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US / kreɪn /

UK / kren /

B2
  • noun
  • Water bird characterized by its long neck and legs
  • Tall machine that lifts heavy objects in the air
  • verb
  • To stretch (neck) or lean to get better view

compress

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US / kəmˈpres /

UK / kəmˈprɛs /

B1
  • verb
  • To press tightly together
  • To make smaller; reduce in time, size etc.

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

seepage

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US / ˈsi:pɪdʒ /

UK / ˈsipɪdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • Process of liquid escaping from somewhere

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

supply

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US / sə'plaɪ /

UK / səˈplaɪ /

A2
  • noun
  • Availability of products and services for use
  • Specific things needed to perform a certain task
  • verb
  • To give or sell goods to others for their use

thick

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US / θɪk /

UK / θɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to see through, as fog
  • Full of (people, etc.)
  • (Of a liquid) that moves or pours slowly
  • Stupid; not smart
  • (Of person's accent) hard to understand
  • Having a large distance between two surfaces

upward

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US / ˈʌpwəd /

UK / ˈʌpwərd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Toward some higher point or position

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

indeed

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US / ɪnˈdi:d /

UK / ɪnˈdid /

A2
  • adverb
  • Actually; in fact; in reality

guess

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US / ɡes /

UK / ɡɛs /

A1
  • noun
  • Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
  • verb
  • To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

hydraulic

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US / haɪˋdrɔlɪk /

UK / haɪˋdrɔlɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a system operated by water or other liquids

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

lay

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US / leɪ /

UK / le /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Amateur; not being a trained priest
  • verb
  • To place a bet on a game outcome
  • (Of a bird, etc.) to produce eggs from its body
  • To put or set something down in a flat position
  • To set out things on (table) to prepare for a meal

net

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US / net /

UK / nɛt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Remaining amount after something is taken away
  • noun
  • Internet
  • Crossed rope, fibers with partly open pattern
  • Crossed ropes that make up the back of a goal
  • verb
  • To catch or cover something in a mesh, often fish
  • To gain or earn a certain amount of money
  • To hit a ball into a goal during a sports event

pneumatic

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US / nju:ˈmætɪk /

UK / nu:ˈmætɪk /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Filled with air; working by air pressure

spinning

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US / ˈspɪnɪŋ /

UK / ˈspɪnɪŋ /

B1
  • verb
  • To make a ball rotate when throwing it
  • To feel dizzy / confused / light headed
  • To convert material such as cotton into thread
  • To move something in a rapid turning motion

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

installation

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US / ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪnstəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of setting up equipment to use

lock

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US / lɒk /

UK / lɑ:k /

A2
  • noun
  • Small portion of your hair that hangs together
  • Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
  • verb
  • To become fixed in place and hard to move
  • To use a key, code so others can't open something

proposal

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US / prəˈpəʊzl /

UK / prəˈpozəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of asking someone to marry you
  • Offer or plan to people who can decide about it

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

skill

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US / skɪl /

UK / skɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability to do something well

elevator

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US / 'elɪveɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈɛləˌvetɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Machine that carries people between floors

ensure

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US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something sure, certain, or safe

galvanize

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US / ˈgælvənaɪz /

UK / ˈɡælvəˌnaɪz /

B2
  • verb
  • To coat metal with a layer of iron and zinc
  • To stimulate or excite as if by electric shock

rough

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US / rʌf /

UK / rʌf /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing or involving violence, force, and harm
  • (Of situations) tough; difficult to get through
  • Being imprecise, inexact, and not detailed
  • Not gentle or not soft
  • Having an uneven or not smooth surface
  • Raw and natural
  • (Of sea weather etc.) not calm with strong winds
  • Involving or causing sudden, forceful movements
  • adverb
  • In a manner that is difficult, or violent
  • noun
  • Violent, loud, and unpleasant person
  • Incomplete drawing or draft done lacking detail
  • verb
  • To make something less smooth

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

casing

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US / ˈkeɪsɪŋ /

UK / ˈkesɪŋ /

C1
  • noun
  • Hard outer structure of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

temporary

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US / ˈtemprəri /

UK / 'tempəreri /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Continuing for a limited time; not permanent

vertically

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US / 'vɜ:tɪklɪ /

UK / ˈvə:tɪkl:ɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an up and down position

bed

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US / bed /

UK / bɛd /

A1
  • noun
  • Flat bottom surface of a lake, ocean etc.
  • A piece of furniture that people sleep on
  • An area on which other things are put
  • Area of ground to grow vegetables or flowers
  • verb
  • To have sex with someone
  • To plant, fix, or attach something firmly to

fender

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US / ˈfendə(r) /

UK / ˈfɛndɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Barrier that surrounds the wheels of a vehicle

geometry

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US / dʒiˈɒmətri /

UK / dʒiˈɑ:mətri /

B2
  • noun
  • Mathematical study of shapes, surfaces, and space
  • Mathematical shape of something

heat

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US / hi:t /

UK / hit /

A2
  • noun
  • State of anger, excitement, or arguing
  • Particular temperature at which to cook something
  • High temperature
  • One of series of races to find the finalists
  • Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
  • verb
  • To make hot or hotter

imagine

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US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To think creatively about; form mental picture of

inside

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US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

million

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US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

reinforce

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US / ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s /

UK / ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:rs /

B2
  • verb
  • To send more troops/resources to support an army
  • To encourage or strengthen an idea or feeling
  • To strengthen a wall or building

safe

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US / seɪf /

UK / sef /

A2
  • noun
  • Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
  • adjecitve
  • Highly likely
  • Being out of danger

underwater

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US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • (Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

debris

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US / dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri: /

UK / dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri /

B2
  • noun
  • Remains of something broken or destroyed

effort

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US / ˈefət /

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of work used trying to do something

experiment

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US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
  • verb
  • To create and perform tests to research something
  • To try something new that you haven't tried before

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

failure

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US / ˈfeɪljə(r) /

UK / 'feɪljər /

A1
  • noun
  • When things go wrong; lack of function
  • Act or result of not achieving your goals

distance

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US / 'dɪstəns /

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Lack of friendliness toward another person
  • Amount of space between two places or things
  • verb
  • To make it clear that you are not involved

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

layer

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US / ˈleiə /

UK / ˈleɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • One of several sheets of a material or object
  • verb
  • To put things one on top of another

observe

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US / əbˈzɜ:v /

UK / əbˈzɜ:rv /

A2
  • verb
  • To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
  • To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
  • To watch carefully; to make a comment

underneath

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US / ˌʌndə'ni:θ /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈniθ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Hidden beneath the surface of something
  • On the lower side or bottom of something
  • preposition
  • Lower than, as in status; beneath
  • Located under or below something

wave

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US / weɪv /

UK / wev /

A2
  • noun
  • Movement of sound, air or energy
  • Deep and strong emotion that is suddenly felt
  • Slightly curved shape in hair
  • Frequency of movement of objects together
  • Up and down movement of water in a lake or sea
  • Signal with your hand to say hello or goodbye
  • verb
  • To cause to move side to side or back and forth
  • To swing back and forth as a result of the wind
  • To move your hand or arm to say hello or goodbye

bar

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US / bɑ:(r) /

UK / bɑ:r /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of (soap, chocolate etc.)
  • Professional organization of lawyers and judges
  • String of musical notes
  • Place to meet friends and buy alcoholic drinks
  • Long solid round piece of metal shaped like a pipe
  • verb
  • To prevent entry, exit or an action

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

flat

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US / flæt /

UK / flæt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Level; even; without curves or bumps
  • Lifeless; lacking energy or vitality
  • adverb
  • In a certain, direct or absolute manner
  • Against a surface without lifting or curving away
  • noun
  • Apartment; set of rooms for living in
  • The smooth or level part of something
  • Musical tone lower than another by a small degree
  • verb
  • To share an apartment with someone

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

mostly

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US / ˈməʊstli /

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In large part; mainly or chiefly

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

majority

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US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Amount that is more than half of a group

rivet

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US / 'rɪvɪt /

UK / ˈrɪvɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Metal pins used to join steel
  • verb
  • To fasten (metal) with metal pins

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

sometimes

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US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only at certain times; occasionally

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

peculiar

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US / pɪ'kju:lɪə(r) /

UK / pɪˈkjuljɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not usual or normal; strange

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2
  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
  • To make something smaller in size, amount, level

tube

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US / tju:b /

UK / tub,tjub /

B1
  • noun
  • Plastic or metal container for soft substances
  • Long hollow pipe used to hold or liquids or gases

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

frame

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US / freɪm /

UK / frem /

A2
  • noun
  • Structure that holds a picture or photo
  • A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
  • Main part of structures supporting the other parts
  • verb
  • To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
  • To put say or write something in a careful way
  • To put a picture in a protective structure

interestingly

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

UK / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

A2
  • adverb
  • You'll find this surprising; in an interesting way

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

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US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
  • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
  • noun
  • High-ranking officer in the army
  • Main subject you study at university
  • verb
  • To study a particular subject at university

significantly

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is important or noticeable
  • In a way that is meaningful

stroll

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US / strəʊl /

UK / strol /

B2
  • verb
  • To walk slowly and in a relaxed manner

blast

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US / blɑ:st /

UK / blæst /

B1
  • noun
  • Destructive wave of air from an explosion
  • Strong current of wind
  • verb
  • To attack someone with words
  • To destroy something with explosives
  • To make a loud noise on or with something

cable

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US / ˈkeɪbl /

UK / ˈkebəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Wire carrying electricity, TV signals, internet
  • verb
  • To transmit a message over a wire

finally

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US / ˈfaɪnəli /

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
  • After a long time or some difficulty

lie

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US / laɪ /

UK / lai /

A2
  • noun
  • An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
  • verb
  • To be in a horizontal or flat position
  • To say something that you know is not true

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

maintain

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US / meɪn'teɪn /

UK / menˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep saying something a certain way
  • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
  • To keep, exist or continue without changing

paint

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US / peɪnt /

UK / pent /

A1
  • noun
  • Colored liquid you apply with a brush
  • verb
  • To make a picture with colored liquids
  • To describe as
  • To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush

rather

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US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Somewhat; fairly; not that much

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

press

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US / pres /

UK / prɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
  • General term for TV, radio, newspapers
  • A machine that prints books and newspapers
  • verb
  • To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
  • To repeatedly ask someone to do something
  • To print something such as a book or newspaper
  • To push something against something else
  • To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

clean

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US / kli:n /

UK / klin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not marked in any way; blank
  • Done according to the rules or standards; fair
  • Free from disease or sickness
  • Being free from dirt or marks; washed
  • Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely
  • verb
  • To make free from dirt or marks; washed
  • To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
  • To remove the inner parts of an animal

francisco

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US / fræn'sɪskəʊ /

UK / fræn'sɪskoʊ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator, head of state 1939–75. Leader of the Nationalists in the

connection

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US / kəˈnekʃn /

UK / kəˈnɛkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that joins things together; being joined
  • Person you know who can help you in some way
  • Changing vehicles when traveling

formwork

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US / ˈfɔːmwɜːk /

UK / ˈfɔrmˌwərk /

A1
  • noun
  • The structure of boards that make up a form for pouring concrete in construction

height

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US / haɪt /

UK / haɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance of something from the bottom to the top

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

wound

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US / waʊnd /

UK / waʊnd /

A2
  • noun
  • Sadness or displeasure caused by a bad memory
  • Physical injury, especially that suffered in war
  • verb
  • To rotate a part of say a watch to make it work
  • To hurt someone emotionally
  • To injure someone in a fight with a knife gun etc.

achieve

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US / ə'tʃi:v /

UK / əˈtʃiv /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

breathe

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US / bri:ð /

UK / brið /

A2
  • verb
  • To move air into and out of your lungs
  • To say something very softly
  • To stop moving so one can rest

clamp

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US / klæmp /

UK / klæmp /

B2
  • noun
  • Something used to fasten two things together
  • verb
  • To hold something tight so it cannot move

concrete

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US / 'kɒŋkri:t /

UK / kɑnˈkrit, kɑŋ-, ˈkɑnˌkrit, ˈkɑŋ- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning something that is physical or real
  • noun
  • Hard building material made of cement, sand, water
  • verb
  • To cover or make with a hard grey building material

reject

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US / rɪˈdʒekt /

UK / rɪˈdʒɛkt /

A2
  • noun
  • Goods that are not suitable for sale at full price
  • Person others do not like, or refuse to accept
  • verb
  • To decide that something is not good enough
  • To refuse, deny to believe, accept, or consider

segment

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US / ˈsegmənt /

UK / ˈsɛɡmənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Part divided from the other parts of something
  • verb
  • To separate something into different parts

ship

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US / ʃɪp /

UK / ʃɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large boat
  • verb
  • To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

towards

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US / tə'wɔ:dz /

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the direction of someone or something

color

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US / 'kʌlə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
  • Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
  • The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
  • verb
  • To change or affect someone's opinion
  • To make something colorful using colored pencils

gate

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US / ɡeɪt /

UK / ɡet /

A2
  • noun
  • Place in a fence which can be opened or closed

hose

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US / həʊz /

UK / hoʊz /

B1
  • noun
  • Tube that carries a liquid
  • Socks, stockings, pantyhose etc.
  • verb
  • To wet or clean something with a hose

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

quite

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US / kwaɪt /

UK / kwaɪt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not very; fairly
  • Very; In a complete or total manner

themselves

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US / ðəmˈselvz /

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'they'

currently

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US / ˈkʌrəntli /

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

A2
  • adverb
  • Happening or being in the present time

dynamite

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US / ˈdaɪnəmaɪt /

UK / ˈdaɪnəˌmaɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Sticks of explosive triggered by a fuse

horizontal

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US / ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl /

UK / ˌhɔ:rəˈzɑ:ntl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the horizon
  • A level and flat position

safety

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US / ˈseɪfti /

UK / ˈsefti /

A1
  • noun
  • Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
  • State of being free from harm or danger

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

convert

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US / kən'vɜ:t /

UK / kənˈvɚt /

A2
  • noun
  • Person switching from one belief system to another
  • verb
  • To switch from a religion, belief etc. to another
  • To change form, character, or function to another

equal

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US / 'i:kwəl /

UK / ˈikwəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Same in shape, size, or number
  • verb
  • To add up or be the same as

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

operate

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US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • To control or manage something such as a business
  • To be working or being used
  • To perform surgery on someone

south

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US / saʊθ /

UK / saʊθ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
  • Coming from the opposite direction from north
  • noun
  • The direction to your right of the rising sun

pier

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US / pɪə(r) /

UK / pɪr /

B2
  • noun
  • Strong post that helps support something
  • Long structure built over the water to tie boats

pillar

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US / ˈpɪlə(r) /

UK / ˈpɪlɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Tall strong post that supports a building
  • Person in a group who is important or respected
  • Very important or essential idea or belief

structure

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US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
  • verb
  • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

wire

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US / 'waɪə(r) /

UK / waɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Thin, flexible thread of metal
  • Thin string of metal used to carry electricity
  • Act of sending a message by telegraph
  • verb
  • To connect two or more things together with cable
  • To send money to someone electronically
  • To send or send word to by telegraph

exhaust

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US / ɪɡ'zɔ:st /

UK / ɪɡˈzɔst /

A2
  • noun
  • System of pipes through which gases escape
  • Waste gas from an engine, e.g. from a car
  • verb
  • To emit gas from the back of a car
  • To make a person feel very tired or without energy
  • To entirely use up a resource, possibilities etc.

member

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US / ˈmembə(r) /

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of the body of a human, animal
  • Person or thing belonging to a group or team

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

assembly

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US / ə'semblɪ /

UK / əˈsɛmbli /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of putting the parts of something together
  • Group of people gathered for a purpose
  • A group of machine parts forming a tool or machine

attach

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US / ə'tætʃ /

UK / əˈtætʃ /

A2
  • verb
  • To be associated or connected with

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

prevent

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US / prɪ'vent /

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop something from happening or existing

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

tiny

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US / 'taɪnɪ /

UK / ˈtaɪni /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very, very small

admixture

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US / ədˈmɪkstʃə(r) /

UK / ədˈmɪkstʃər /

C2
  • noun
  • Additional ingredient added by mixing with a base

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

illustrate

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US / ˈɪləstreɪt /

UK / ˈɪləˌstret, ɪˈlʌsˌtret /

A2
  • verb
  • To supply pictures to go along with words
  • To be an example that explains or proves something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

single

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US / 'sɪŋɡl /

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being one only, without others
  • Only; merely
  • Not married or in a relationship
  • noun
  • One run in cricket or a hit baseball
  • An individual song from a CD or album
  • Person who is not married or in a relationship

bagpipe

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US / 'bæɡpaɪp /

UK / 'bæɡpaɪp /

C2
  • noun
  • Scottish wind instrument with a bag and pipes

chance

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US / tʃɑ:ns /

UK / tʃæns /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening by luck; not planned
  • Taking a risk to try something
  • noun
  • The way something happens without planning
  • An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
  • The possibility that something will happen
  • verb
  • To occur just through luck; happen
  • To take a risk to try something

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

drop

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US / drɒp /

UK / drɑp /

A1
  • noun
  • Distance between a higher and a lower level
  • Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
  • A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
  • Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
  • verb
  • To drive someone to a place and then drive away
  • To let something fall from your hand
  • To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
  • To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
  • To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

everyone

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US / ˈevriwʌn /

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everybody

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

journey

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US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /

UK / ˈdʒɚni /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
  • verb
  • To travel through a place

pacific

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US / pə'sɪfɪk /

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
  • Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

remove

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US / rɪˈmu:v /

UK / rɪˈmuv /

A1
  • verb
  • To get rid of something completely
  • To make someone leave his or her job or position
  • To move, erase or take away from a place
  • To take something off (e.g. clothing)

workability

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US / ˌwɜːkəˈbɪlɪti /

UK / ˌwɜrkəˈbɪlɪti /

A1

worker

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US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /

UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who works

timer

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US / ˈtaɪmə(r) /

UK / ˈtaɪmɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Device measure the amount of time that has gone by

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

absorb

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US / əb'sɔ:b /

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

B1
  • verb
  • To take up all attention / energy of something
  • To take in a liquid; soak up

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

dazzle

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US / 'dæzl /

UK / ˈdæzəl /

B2
  • noun
  • Strong bright light that makes you unable to see
  • verb
  • To make one feel great excitement or admiration
  • (Of a bright light) to cause to not be able to see

drill

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US / drɪl /

UK / drɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • A machine that makes holes with a metal bit
  • Exercise done to learn military skills
  • Disciplined practice, as of soldiers marching
  • verb
  • To make a deep hole to find oil, gas etc.
  • To put a hole in something by using a boring tool
  • To train in something through repetition

initial

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US / ɪ'nɪʃl /

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Existing or occurring at the beginning
  • noun
  • First letter of your given name
  • verb
  • To authorize something by writing your initials

numerous

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US / ˈnju:mərəs /

UK / ˈnumərəs, ˈnju- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Existing in large numbers

pressure

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US / 'preʃə(r) /

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
  • Strong persuasion to do something
  • verb
  • To apply force to something
  • To persuade or force someone to do something

result

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US / rɪ'zʌlt /

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something produced through tests or experiments
  • Final score of a competition, election or game
  • verb
  • To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

build

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US / bɪld /

UK / bɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • Your physical shape; physique
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

diver

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US / ˈdaɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈdaɪvɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person swimming under water

fill

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US / fɪl /

UK / fɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of filling; amount used to make something full
  • verb
  • To make something full
  • To move into all parts of an area
  • To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
  • To use (time); to do something during

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

constantly

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US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Frequently, or without pause

main

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US / meɪn /

UK / men /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most important; most often used

length

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US / leŋθ /

UK / leŋθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance from one end of a pool to the other
  • Measurement of distance or of time

weld

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US / weld /

UK / wɛld /

B2
  • verb
  • To bring things together in close association
  • To join two pieces of metal together with heat

whopping

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US / ˈwɒpɪŋ /

UK / ˈwɑ:pɪŋ /

C1
  • adverb
  • (Informal) huge; very big

design

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US / dɪˈzaɪn /

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
  • verb
  • To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • To think of a plan

direction

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US / də'rekʃn /

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

A2
  • noun
  • When someone tells people what to do
  • Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

install

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US / ɪnˈstɔ:l /

UK / ɪnˈstɔl /

A2
  • verb
  • To set up equipment so that it is ready to use
  • To place someone officially in a job position

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

lour

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US / ˈlaʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊər /

A1
  • verb
  • To set lower

section

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US / 'sekʃn /

UK / ˈsɛkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • A part of a whole
  • Specific area or region within a larger place
  • Specific group of people from a larger group
  • Part of a book, newspaper, etc.
  • verb
  • To divide something into smaller parts

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

technique

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US / tekˈni:k /

UK / tɛkˈnik /

A2
  • noun
  • Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

act

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US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

believe

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US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

derrick

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US / ˈderɪk /

UK / ˈdɛrɪk /

C2
  • noun
  • Framework erected over an oil well to allow drill

ensue

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US / ɪn'sju: /

UK / ɛnˈsu /

B2
  • verb
  • To happen as a result of

innovation

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US / ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪnəˈveʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of creating new ideas or inventions

human

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US / 'hju:mən /

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of people
  • noun
  • A person; a man, woman or child

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

kilometre

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US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

A1
  • noun
  • A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

moreover

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US / mɔ:rˈəʊvə(r) /

UK / mɔ:rˈoʊvər /

B1
  • adverb
  • In addition to what has been said

pour

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US / pɔ:(r) /

UK / pɔr, por /

A2
  • verb
  • To fill a person's glass or cup with a drink
  • To make something flow in a steady stream
  • To rain very heavily

proceed

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US / prəˈsi:d /

UK / proʊˈsi:d /

A2
  • verb
  • To continue to do something; carry on
  • To go forward in a certain direction

strauss

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The name of two Austrian composers.

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

dipper

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US / 'dɪpə(r) /

UK / 'dɪpər /

B1
  • noun
  • Ladle that has a cup with a long handle

disconnected

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US / ˌdɪskəˈnektɪd /

UK / ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd /

B2
  • verb
  • To separate something from something else

erect

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US / ɪ'rekt /

UK / ɪˈrɛkt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Standing straight up
  • verb
  • To put up a tower, statue or building; construct

largely

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US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In large part; mainly or chiefly

strata

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US / ˈstrɑ:tə /

UK / ˈstretə, ˈstrætə /

C2
  • noun
  • Layers of rock formed on top of each other

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

assist

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US / əˈsɪst /

UK / əˈsɪst /

A2
  • verb
  • To help

anchor

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US / 'æŋkə(r) /

UK / ˈæŋkɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Metal hook on a rope used to stop boats moving
  • Person who presents a news program on TV
  • verb
  • To lower an anchor to hold a boat or ship in place

bring

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US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

neighbour

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US / 'neɪbə(r) /

UK / ˈnebɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who lives, or is near, you

project

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US / prəˈdʒekt /

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned piece of work for specific purpose
  • Group of homes built by government for poor people
  • verb
  • To predict what will happen in the future
  • To show something on a screen using light
  • To stick out past the edge of something

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

rocky

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US / 'rɒkɪ /

UK / ˈrɑki /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a marriage, etc.) involving many difficulties
  • With abundant rocks or stones

fit

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US / fɪt /

UK / fɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Good looking; physically attractive
  • Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
  • noun
  • Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
  • verb
  • To install a machine, equipment etc.
  • To adjust or change to the right size or shape
  • To be the right size and shape that you want

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

little

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US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

material

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US / məˈtɪəriəl /

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
  • Belonging to the world of physical things
  • noun
  • Cloth; fabric
  • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
  • Substance from which a thing is made of

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

unfortunately

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US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

wall

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US / wɔ:l /

UK / wɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • High, flat side of a room or building

complexity

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US / kəm'pleksətɪ /

UK / kəmˈplɛksɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • State of having many parts and not being simple

deadly

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US / ˈdedli /

UK / ˈdɛdli /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing or capable of causing death
  • Being very accurate

entire

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US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

invent

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US / ɪnˈvent /

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To create something such as a story or excuse
  • To create something useful for the first time

perfect

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US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • So good it cannot be improved
  • verb
  • To do something so well, it cannot be done better

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

compromise

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US / 'kɒmprəmaɪz /

UK / ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz /

B1
  • noun
  • When you lessen your demands to get agreement
  • verb
  • To weaken your position or views
  • To lessen your demands so as to reach agreement
  • To put something at risk or in danger

motor

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US / ˈməʊtə(r) /

UK / ˈmotɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning cars and vehicles
  • Concerned with or involving movement of muscles
  • noun
  • An engine that drives a car, train etc.
  • verb
  • To travel in a car or automobile

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

ready

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US / 'redɪ /

UK / ˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being likely or about to do something
  • Being willing to do a task
  • verb
  • To prepare something for use or action

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

spreaded

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • verb

canvas

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US / ˈkænvəs /

UK / ˈkænvəs /

B1
  • noun
  • Special cloth on which an artist paints a picture
  • other
  • Thick, strong cloth used e.g. to make sails

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

stand

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US / stænd /

UK / stænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Effort to fight against something
  • Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
  • Place in a stadium where spectators watch
  • Table where things are sold at a fair or market
  • verb
  • To be a candidate in an election
  • To be able to accept someone, something; bear
  • To last for a long time
  • To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
  • To place something in a particular position; place
  • To be (as stated)
  • To still be valid
  • To have an opinion about something

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

construct

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US / kənˈstrʌkt /

UK / kənˈstrʌkt /

A2
  • noun
  • A thought, theory or hypothesis
  • verb
  • To build or create something
  • To create a sentence, story, argument or theory

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

simply

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US / ˈsɪmpli /

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an easy or clear manner

therefore

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US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

A1
  • adverb
  • And so; for that reason

vertical

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US / ˈvɜ:tɪkl /

UK / ˈvɜ:rtɪkl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

contact

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US / 'kɒntækt /

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Touching or feeling something
  • noun
  • Touching or feeling something
  • Object that allows electricity to run through it
  • Communication with someone or something
  • People who can give you information, introductions
  • verb
  • To get in touch with someone

equally

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US / ˈi:kwəli /

UK / ˈiːkwəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an equal, even, or identical manner

passage

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US / 'pæsɪdʒ /

UK / ˈpæsɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of moving through time
  • Journey by ship from one place to another
  • Narrow opening which things can go through

transport

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US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

A2
  • noun
  • Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
  • Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
  • verb
  • To carry things from one place to another
  • To cause to feel you are in a previous time

surface

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US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
  • noun
  • Top layer of the ground or of water
  • Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
  • Outside or upper layer of something
  • verb
  • To give (road) a top layer
  • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
  • To come to the top of something; emerge
  • To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

giant

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US / 'dʒaɪənt /

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very large, or much bigger than other things
  • noun
  • Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
  • Very successful, powerful person or organization

solution

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US / səˈlu:ʃn /

UK / səˈluʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • Way to solve or deal with a problem

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

bridge

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US / brɪdʒ /

UK / brɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Structure built over river, road so you can cross
  • verb
  • To make a link between; bring together

loose

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US / lu:s /

UK / lus /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Idea, thought, or work) unclear or imprecise
  • Not tightly attached or held
  • Not being attached to or contained within anything
  • Not tightly controlled, organized, or governed
  • verb
  • To shoot or fire something from a gun

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

order

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US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

outside

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US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adverb
  • Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
  • noun
  • Area around or near something, such as a building
  • preposition
  • Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

path

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US / pɑ:θ /

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of living leading to a particular result
  • Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

pump

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US / pʌmp /

UK / pʌmp /

B1
  • noun
  • A device more moving liquids
  • Light woman's shoe
  • verb
  • To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
  • To make water/other liquid move using a machine
  • To move in or out, or up and down quickly
  • asking for information in an indirect way

safely

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US / ˈseɪfli /

UK / ˈseflɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Out of danger

behave

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US / bɪˈheɪv /

UK / bɪˈhev /

A2
  • verb
  • To act correctly
  • To act in a particular way
  • To react in a particular way in a given case

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

present

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US / 'preznt /

UK / ˈprɛznt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • noun
  • Gift
  • Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
  • Current time; now
  • verb
  • To introduce someone to others
  • To host a program on television or radio
  • To give a speech or presentation
  • To show something to someone who will examine it
  • To appear or happen
  • To give an award or prize to someone

shaft

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US / ʃɑ:ft /

UK / ʃæft /

B2
  • noun
  • Vertical, sloping passageway leading to a surface
  • verb
  • To ruin the plans or prospects of others

dig

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US / dɪg /

UK / dɪɡ /

A2
  • verb
  • To move material to create a hole

everywhere

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US / ˈevriweə(r) /

UK / ˈevriwer /

A1
  • adverb
  • Every place

fascinating

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US / ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ /

UK / ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having your attention fixated as though by a spell
  • Very interesting
  • verb
  • To attract or interest greatly

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

sink

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US / sɪŋk /

UK / sɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
  • verb
  • To push something down into the ground
  • To dig (a well)
  • To move down toward a lower point
  • To decrease in value or amount

arrangement

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US / əˈreɪndʒmənt /

UK / əˈrendʒmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Particular design of a device
  • Piece of music written for a particular instrument
  • Group of things organized in a particular way
  • Organized plan, event for a time and place
  • Action done in order for something to happen

bicycle

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US / ˈbaɪsɪkl /

UK / ˈbaɪsɪkl /

B1
  • noun
  • 2-wheeled vehicle ridden by pushing on foot pedals
  • verb
  • To ride a two-wheeled vehicle with pedals

block

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US / blɒk /

UK / blɑk /

A2
  • noun
  • Solid piece of material used for building
  • A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
  • Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
  • Building made up of offices or apartments
  • Area of a city divided by four streets
  • verb
  • To stop from going forward or making progress

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

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US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

A1
  • preposition
  • At some point in the course of an event or thing

must

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US / məst /

UK / mʌst /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is necessary or required
  • other
  • (Used to state that something ought to be true)
  • Used to say something is required or necessary

slowly

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US / ˈsləʊli /

UK / ˈsloʊli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an unhurried or not speedy manner

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

suspension

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US / səˈspenʃn /

UK / səˈspɛnʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Liquid in which fine particles are suspended
  • Act of temporarily interrupting an activity
  • Exclusion from your job/a sport for breaking rules

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

lane

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US / leɪn /

UK / len /

A2
  • noun
  • Marked strip of the road or swimming pool
  • Narrow way or road, often with steep sides
  • Person's name

prefabricate

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US / 'pri:'fæbrɪkeɪt /

UK / priˈfæbrɪˌket /

C2
  • verb
  • To manufacture parts of (a building) at a factory

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

beneath

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US / bɪ'ni:θ /

UK / bɪˈniθ /

A2
  • preposition
  • Not worthy of you; not good enough for you
  • Under; In or to a lower position; below

clever

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US / 'klevə(r) /

UK / ˈklɛvɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Funny in a way that shows intelligence
  • Showing intelligence; quick to understand or learn

mainly

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US / ˈmeɪnli /

UK / ˈmenli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Mostly; usually; being the largest part

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

similar

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US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

mix

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US / mɪks /

UK / mɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • A combination of more than two things
  • verb
  • To combine two or more things to make one
  • To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

oxygen

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US / 'ɒksɪdʒən /

UK / ˈɑksɪdʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • A gas in the air that we need to breathe

require

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US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

suitable

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US / ˈsu:təbl /

UK / ˈsutəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Right for a particular purpose or occasion
  • (Of clothes) appropriate for a given occasion

task

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US / tɑ:sk /

UK / tæsk /

A2
  • noun
  • Big or small piece of work someone has to do
  • verb
  • To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

total

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US / ˈtəʊtl /

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete
  • noun
  • Whole number or amount of something
  • verb
  • To damage a car beyond repair

accomplish

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US / ə'kʌmplɪʃ /

UK / əˈkɑmplɪʃ /

B1
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing; complete successfully

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

current

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US / 'kʌrənt /

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or being in the present time
  • noun
  • Electricity flowing through wires
  • Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

secure

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US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being attached to something tightly and surely
  • (Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
  • verb
  • To get or achieve something with certainty
  • To firmly attach something to something else
  • To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

site

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US / saɪt /

UK / saɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Place that is reserved for a particular activity
  • Location of building work
  • Location of something
  • Place where something of special interest happened
  • Website
  • verb
  • To place something in a particular position, area

san

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adjective
  • Relating to the San or their languages.
  • noun
  • A member of the aboriginal peoples of southern Africa commonly called Bushmen.
  • The group of Khoisan languages spoken by the San.

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

bomb

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US / bɒm /

UK / bɑm /

B1
  • noun
  • An explosive device
  • verb
  • To attack with explosives
  • To fail or be completely unsuccessful

bottom

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US / 'bɒtəm /

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on
  • Lowest position, often in a company or contest
  • Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
  • Lowest level, part or point of an object
  • The part under something, e.g. a vase
  • verb
  • To hit the lowest part of something

cell

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US / sel /

UK / sɛl /

A2
  • noun
  • Smallest unit of living things in biology
  • Group of people - often from a secret organization
  • Prisoner's room in a jail
  • Shortened form of 'cellphone'

chamber

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US / 'tʃeɪmbə(r) /

UK / ˈtʃembɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Enclosed space that contains something
  • Large room that is used for official meetings

align

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US / əˈlaɪn /

UK / əˈlaɪn /

B2
  • verb
  • To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

catwalk

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US / ˈkætwɔ:k /

UK / ˈkætˌwɔk /

C1
  • noun
  • Raised area at fashion show that models walk along

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

method

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US / 'meθəd /

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

A2
  • noun
  • (Organized and planned) way of doing something

portion

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US / 'pɔ:ʃn /

UK / ˈpɔrʃən, ˈpor- /

B1
  • noun
  • Serving of food that is intended for one person
  • Part of something shared that belongs to a whole
  • verb
  • To separate something to divide among people

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

air

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US / eə(r) /

UK / er /

A1
  • noun
  • Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
  • A person's manner intended to impress others
  • verb
  • To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
  • To broadcast a TV or radio show
  • To open a subject to discussion and debate

feed

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US / fi:d /

UK / fid /

A2
  • noun
  • Food given to animals
  • verb
  • To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
  • To push something through an opening
  • To provide necessary supplies to

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

notice

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US / 'nəʊtɪs /

UK / ˈnotɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
  • Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
  • verb
  • To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

tightly

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US / ˈtaɪtli /

UK / ˈtaɪtlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a manner that doesn't allow movement

weak

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not having a strong character
  • Less valuable compared to money of other countries
  • Ineffective; unconvincing; not strong
  • Having little power or ability
  • Not having the necessary or proper amount
  • Having little power; not strong; easy to break
  • (Of a drink) having lots of water and little taste

activate

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US / ˈæktɪveɪt /

UK / ˈæktəˌvet /

B1
  • verb
  • To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
  • To make something start working

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

complete

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US / kəm'pli:t /

UK / kəmˈplit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being finished; done; achieved
  • Being as perfect and as total as could be
  • verb
  • To finish or reach the end of doing something

enjoy

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US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take pleasure in something

hole

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US / həʊl /

UK / hol /

A2
  • noun
  • An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
  • Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
  • Opening into or through something
  • An awkward or difficult situation
  • Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
  • verb
  • (Golf) to get the ball into the hole

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

tank

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US / tæŋk /

UK / tæŋk /

B1
  • noun
  • Container for holding liquid or gas
  • Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
  • verb
  • To fail completely or badly
  • To deliberately lose a game or contest

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

cover

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US / 'kʌvə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A different version of another song
  • Bed sheets; blankets
  • (Police or military) protection from attack
  • Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
  • Thing you put over something to close or hide it
  • Front and back part of a book or magazine
  • Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
  • verb
  • To record a different version of another song
  • To include as part of its area
  • To put something over something to hide it
  • To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
  • To form a layer over something so it is hidden
  • To have sufficient funds to pay for something
  • To include something within an agreed limit
  • To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
  • (Police or military) to protect from attack
  • To travel a certain distance in a given time
  • To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

construction

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US / kən'strʌkʃn /

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of building something; thing that is built
  • Something that is made using different parts
  • The way words are organized in a sentence
  • The way something is made or structured

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

initially

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US / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • At first; originally

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

plan

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US / plæn /

UK / plæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Drawing of how something should be done or made

six

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US / sɪks /

UK / sɪks /

A1
  • number
  • 6

seafloor

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US / 'si:flɒə /

UK / ˈsiˌflɔr, -ˌflor /

C2
  • noun
  • Bottom of the sea

transfer

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US / træns'fɜ:(r) /

UK / trænsˈfɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Moving to a different place, job, or school
  • Act of giving the right to a property to another
  • Picture that is pressed to copy it onto something
  • Use of ideas or skills in a different situation
  • Ticket allowing you to get on another plane, bus
  • verb
  • To move to a different place, job or school
  • To give someone an illness through contact
  • To give someone your right to a property
  • To move something from one place to another
  • To use ideas or skills in a different situation
  • To get off a plane, bus etc. and get on another

western

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US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

onto

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US / ˈɒntə /

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

seabed

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US / ˈsi:bed /

UK / ˈsiˌbɛd /

C2
  • noun
  • Bottom of the sea

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

collapse

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US / kə'læps /

UK / kəˈlæps /

B1
  • verb
  • To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
  • To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
  • To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

plate

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US / pleɪt /

UK / plet /

A2
  • noun
  • Flat dish used for eating or serving food
  • Smooth, thin piece of metal applied in a layer
  • Small, flat piece of metal with information on it
  • verb
  • To put a layer of metal on something to protect it

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

via

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US / ˈvaɪə /

UK / ˈvaɪə, ˈviə /

B1
  • preposition
  • By the means of using something
  • By going through, by way of

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

meter

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US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

UK / ˈmitɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
  • Device for measuring things e.g. gas
  • Device to put money into to rent a parking place
  • Rhythm of a poem
  • verb
  • To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

month

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US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

clear

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US / klɪə(r) /

UK / klɪr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Empty; without anything in it or on it
  • Being certain and without doubt
  • Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
  • Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely; through the whole of
  • Away from; free from
  • verb
  • To recover from or remove a problem
  • To get rid of the entire contents of
  • To give permission for something to happen
  • To make a place or surface empty by removing
  • To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

inspection

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US / ɪnˈspekʃn /

UK / ɪnˈspɛkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Official examination to make sure everything is ok

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

raise

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US / reɪz /

UK / rez /

A1
  • noun
  • Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
  • Pay increase
  • verb
  • To increase a bet above another when playing cards
  • To gather donations for a cause or charity
  • To bring up and educate a child to maturity
  • To bring a dead person to life
  • To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
  • To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
  • To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
  • To increase (salary, etc.)
  • To grow or care for plants or animals

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

engineer

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US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
  • Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

fall

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US / fɔ:l /

UK / fɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
  • A drop in amount; decrease
  • Dropping from a standing position to the ground
  • verb
  • To drop in amount; to decrease
  • To come down from a higher position suddenly
  • To go from standing to the ground, by accident

needle

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US / 'ni:dl /

UK / ˈnidl /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a medical device used to inject medicine
  • Very thin pointed object used in sewing
  • Thin pointed leaves of some trees, e.g. pine tree
  • verb
  • To upset someone by making rude or hurtful remarks

saddle

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US / ˈsædl /

UK / ˈsædl /

B2
  • noun
  • Seat of a bicycle, or a seat to put on a horse
  • Seat of a bicycle
  • Something like a saddle in shape, position, or use
  • verb
  • To put a saddle on a horse
  • To subject to a heavy or difficult task
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The construction innovations achieved by Mr. Joseph Strauss for the Golden Gate Bridge project were numerous. One of the most impressive innovations was the climbing derrick that was invented for erecting the giant towers. After completing one layer of steel cell assembly, the derrick could climb up and sit on the cells it had just constructed, allowing it to assemble the next set of cells from an increased height. The American engineers devised a clever pulley motor arrangement to make the derricks climb. They attached a cat-head frame onto the last piece assembled and operated the plunger supporters at the bottom to raise the entire arrangement. It took approximately 10 minutes for the traveler to be raised up by a distance of 12 meters. Once the climb was complete, the workers locked the plungers into a new slot and the derrick started building the tower from this new height. The construction process also involved the use of innovative double-deck scaffoldings and an innovative pneumatic method to transport heated rivets to the top of the tower for connection. Most of the tower's riveting work was done from the inside.Overall, the construction innovations implemented for the Golden Gate Bridge project were remarkable and played a crucial role in the successful construction of the iconic bridge.
  • Subtitles section
  • The construction innovations Mr. Joseph Strauss achieved for the Golden Gate Bridge project were numerous.
  • The way the workers connected the massive cable, standing on top of the world, and most importantly, the climbing derrick they invented for erecting the giant towers.
  • What's fascinating is that after completing one layer of steel cell assembly, the derrick can climb up and sit on the cells it had just constructed.
  • From this new increased height, the derrick can once again assemble the next set of cells.
  • How exactly did the American engineers make such gigantic derricks climb?
  • Take a look at these huge plungers which provide support for the derricks.
  • To climb upward, the workers first had to attach a cat-head frame onto the last piece they had assembled.
  • Now, observe this clever pulley motor arrangement.
  • After this arrangement was complete, the workers operated the plunger supporters at the bottom, which were disconnected from the towers.
  • If they operate the motors, the entire arrangement will climb upward.
  • In fact, it required 10 minutes for the traveler to be raised up by a distance of 12 meters.
  • Notice the perfectly prefabricated reinforced slot present in the height.
  • Once the 12-meter climb up was complete, the workers activated the plungers, locking them into the new slot.
  • As seen earlier, the derrick starts to build the tower from this new height.
  • What's going on in these double-deck scaffoldings?
  • Millions of rivets are needed to connect the cells of the towers.
  • First, the workers must heat up the rivets.
  • Then, the rivets are transported to the top the tower using an innovative pneumatic method.
  • The way workers connected the neighboring cells is illustrated here.
  • The tower's riveting work was mostly done from the inside.
  • After the assembly of one level is complete, the next set of cells fit on top of the bottom cells, as illustrated.
  • Workers can now start the riveting process to connect the block vertically.
  • In order to reach the tower work area, workers used these built-in elevators.
  • If you've ever enjoyed a stroll on the Golden Gate Bridge's pedestrian path, you may have noticed a small door on the tower.
  • It might be difficult to believe, but the towers in the bridge have tiny lift elevators inside them, which are mainly used for inspection purposes.
  • This means that during cell assembly, the engineers had a plan for the provision of the lift.
  • The dazzling Golden Gate Bridge is supported by the towers we just constructed, and those towers are supported by a strong underwater foundation.
  • You may be wondering how exactly they constructed the foundation in the first place.
  • As you can imagine, considering the rough ocean currents, construction of such gigantic concrete structures was not an easy feat.
  • Indeed, this is where divers with engineering skills came to the help of this project.
  • Initially, they constructed a temporary bridge on the south side.
  • To build a strong foundation for the bridge, the divers first had to convert the lopsided ocean bed to a flat, horizontal one.
  • An easy method to achieve this is to simply drop some dynamite bombs onto the ocean bed.
  • Can you guess what would happen if the dynamite on the ocean bed explodes?
  • Most of the explosion's energy would be absorbed by the water, leaving the structure of the seabed largely unaffected.
  • In order to get the best results out of an explosion, the dynamite should be placed deeper in the seabed and not at the surface.
  • This way, the soil will absorb the majority of the explosion's energy.
  • The next issue that comes up, however, is how to keep the bomb inside this hole.
  • Because these are timed bombs, a human diver cannot do this task.
  • If they are unable to place the bomb before the timer goes off, you can imagine what would happen.
  • Mr. Joseph Strauss came up with a clever solution to this problem.
  • The use of explosion tubes.
  • The divers first aligned an explosion tube exactly above the hole, which would facilitate placement of the bomb.
  • Once the bomb was lowered in, a controlled portion of the seabed could be exploded efficiently and safely.
  • The divers' work was not over after the blast.
  • They also had to clear loose material from the seafloor using high-pressure hoses and sometimes assisted the dipper dredge in cleaning the debris.
  • After many such blasts and lots of cleaning, they finally achieved a perfect ocean bed like this.
  • Now that they had the perfect canvas, the divers could start assembling prefabricated steel structures on this bed.
  • Because oxygen tanks for divers had not yet been invented in those days, the divers could only breathe underwater thanks to long tubes from the surface.
  • After an exhausting assembly operation that took almost six months, the foundation's steel structure was finally ready.
  • The divers then covered the steel structure with wooden forms.
  • Alas, it was time for concreting.
  • The entire steel structure needed to be filled with concrete.
  • Gigantic pumps could feed the concrete to the steel structure area, but a devastating construction failure would ensue.
  • To understand what will happen, let's do a small experiment.
  • Here I have a small underwater construction, but using the normal cement.
  • Let's see what will happen if this cement comes in contact with the water.
  • I am removing the casing.
  • You can see the cement is spreading.
  • It's just spreading too much.
  • It's looking beautiful, right?
  • The spread.
  • The pillars are standing there, but the normal cement just spreaded everywhere.
  • The same issue would happen in the Golden Gate Bridge site also.
  • The concrete would mix with water, and it would not remain within the structure, compromising the entire construction effort.
  • Now, let's see the solution.
  • Here I have used a special cement called PCC.
  • This is again after half an hour of settlement.
  • Let's see how this new foundation behaves when it comes in contact with the water.
  • This is staying strong and stable.
  • It's spreading a little bit, but not too much.
  • A similar cement, which is suitable for marine conditions and with high workability, was used in the Golden Gate Bridge foundation as well.
  • The underwater concreting was done with the help of a technique called tremie concreting.
  • The tremie pipe is a long but segmented pipe.
  • The concrete is transferred via these pipes.
  • You can see the tremie pipe is attached with the crane.
  • Interesting thing is that during the concrete transfer, the tremie pipe is lifted continuously up.
  • This way, the concreting starts from the bottom and it proceeds layer by layer.
  • This way, the chance of water contact is reduced.
  • You can see that our special cement with admixture has become quite strong after 12 hours of settlement.
  • All they had to do next was pump out the water.
  • The thick wall they constructed is currently sitting on a weak seabed.
  • Ideally, a foundation should sit on a strong bedrock called hard strata.
  • Let's see how to lower the huge concrete structure by 15 meters.
  • Mr. Strauss initially constructed a thick reinforced concrete slab so that workers could continue to work beneath it.
  • Because the ocean currents are so rough, the fender wall could collapse at any time.
  • Therefore, the concrete slab acted as both a safety structure and as a support for the fender wall.
  • Mr. Strauss placed the workers' shaft and the material shaft inside the fender walls.
  • Interestingly, the workers reached the workers' chamber via a workers' shaft.
  • They continuously drilled the boulders and dug underneath the RCC slab.
  • Did you notice this small pipe?
  • The purpose of the pipe was to constantly supply air to the chamber, preventing the chamber from filling up with water.
  • In fact, this is a compressed air arrangement which keeps the pressure inside the chamber greater than the water pressure outside, preventing water seepage.
  • During this process, the entire fender wall structure could slowly sink lower into the seabed.
  • You can see its knife-like shape.
  • Eventually, they reached the rocky hard strata.
  • After leveling the hard strata, they constructed a steel structure there and built an RCC foundation.
  • The construction of the complete foundation was quite easy to achieve after this point.
  • You can see how the fender walls protect the main foundation from the deadly Pacific Ocean waves.
  • The engineers could now construct the towers on these foundations as we have previously seen.
  • Before erecting the tower, they first leveled the top surface of the concrete pier.
  • To do this, they laid down a thick steel plate on the foundation.
  • Next came the cellular assembly of prefabricated pieces.
  • Some details of the cell geometry are shown here.
  • However, toward the end of the tower, the cranes lifted a peculiar shaped structure called a saddle.
  • The enormous cables of the Golden Gate Bridge passed through it.
  • With the tower fully erect, the workers sat at the top of the world.
  • A bone-chilling experience.
  • However, the work was far from over.
  • One major task remained, installation of these cables.
  • The main cable is in fact made up of 27,000 smaller steel wires with a total length of 129,000 kilometers.
  • To lay out these cables, workers constructed a catwalk bridge for themselves.
  • At first, workers laid a support wire.
  • The main cables made their journey across the bridge via these spinning wheels.
  • These small wires were passed over the tower through the cable saddle one by one and were then clamped by workers.
  • The workers then pressed the wires tightly using a hydraulic press.
  • They simultaneously wound the wires together using galvanized steel wire, which is why the main cable looks like a single large pipe rather than a collection of small wires.
  • These cables are anchored to the bedrock with strand-shoe steel plates.
  • Once the main cables were mounted, the suspension cables were attached to it.
  • All that was left to do was construct the deck structure and lay down concrete for the road.
  • Did you know that the proposal for the initial road deck of the Golden Gate Bridge was something like this?
  • A double-decker design!
  • Isn't that beautiful?
  • Unfortunately, this design was rejected because constructing a double-decker bridge would have significantly increased the cost and engineering complexity of the project.
  • Next, they had to construct the road deck structure, which was also quite a challenging task.
  • To facilitate the process, workers prefabricated each member of the truss and brought them to the site via ships.
  • Assembly of the individual members was accomplished using a derrick and their connections were secured via rivets.
  • To ensure workers' safety in case they fell, a net was installed underneath the bridge deck.
  • As the construction of the bridge progressed, they simultaneously connected the structure with the main cable using suspension cables.
  • Moreover, to maintain equal loading on the cable, workers assembled this system simultaneously and equally in two directions for each tower.
  • Finally, the Golden Gate was bridged.
  • A whopping 250 pairs of vertical cable were used, securing the entire length of the bridge deck to the main cable.
  • After the construction of the steel structures, the workers painted the bridge a special international orange color.
  • Here are the details of concrete road construction on top of this solid structure.
  • Workers first laid down wooden formwork.
  • They attached steel bars, welded them to the steel sections below them, and later poured and compacted the concrete using a needle vibrator.
  • The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California has a total of six vehicle lanes.
  • There is also a dedicated pedestrian walkway on the eastern side and a separate bicycle lane on the western side that provides safe passage for pedestrians and cyclists, allowing everyone to enjoy the bridge.