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Could China and India go to War over Water?

Original YouTube Video | TLDRnewsGLOBAL Published on 2024-04-28 Level：87 Speed：37 maxwordlevel：21

Video vocabulary

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

presumably

US / prɪˈzju:məbli /

•

UK / prɪˈzu:məbli /

adverb
So as to be likely to be true or correct

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

description

US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Explanation of what something is like, looks like

demonstrate

US / 'demənstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /

verb
To display a feeling or ability openly
To protest about something often as a group
To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
To show how something works (e.g. product)

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

collect

US / kəˈlekt /

•

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

adverb
By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
verb
To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
To gather things, people together in one place
To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
To take things and bring them together
To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

resolve

US / rɪ'zɒlv /

•

UK / rɪˈzɑlv /

verb
To make a decision to do something
To find an answer, solution to a problem/ question
To change gradually into a different form
To decide to try to do something
To change into something, other parts, etc.

twist

US / twɪst /

•

UK / twɪst /

noun
Turn or spiral curve in a path or road
Bend or sudden change of direction
An unexpected change in the direction of a story
a change in the way in which something happens
verb
To turn something in a circular direction
To turn in a curving direction e.g. road or path
To bend something into a particular shape
To change the meaning in an unintended way
To turn in opposite directions at the same time
To wind something around something else
To turn direction or position, as of your body

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

anxiety

US / æŋ'zaɪətɪ /

•

UK / æŋˈzaɪɪti /

noun
Fear about what might happen; worry

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

online

US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

adjecitve
Connected to the internet

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

thailand

US / 'taɪlænd /

•

UK / 'taɪlænd /

other
A country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay Peninsul

pole

US / pəʊl /

•

UK / pol /

noun
One of two opposite ideas, qualities or positions
Most northern or most southern point on a planet
A long, narrow piece of metal or wood
One of two opposite magnetic forces
An upright long thin structure to support things
verb
To move a boat with a stick or pole

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

contention

US / kənˈtenʃn /

•

UK / kənˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Having the possibility of winning
Belief, opinion, or idea you argue for or express

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

necessary

US / 'nesəsərɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

adjecitve
Needed or required; unavoidable

minimum

US / ˈmɪnɪməm /

•

UK / ˈmɪnəməm /

noun
Smallest degree or level that is acceptable

diversion

US / daɪˈvɜ:ʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈvɚʒən, -ʃən, daɪ- /

noun
Action designed to distract attention

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

firstly

US / ˈfɜ:stli /

•

UK / ˈfɚstli /

adverb
Before anything else

yellow

US / ˈjeləʊ /

•

UK / ˈjeloʊ /

adjecitve
Color of lemons or the sun
Lacking in courage; cowardly (used as an INSULT)
verb
To turn yellow, often due to being old

exert

US / ɪgˈzɜ:t /

•

UK / ɪgˈzɜ:rt /

verb
To make something have an effect on something else

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

tributary

US / ˈtrɪbjətri /

•

UK / ˈtrɪbjəteri /

adjecitve
Flowing into a larger stream

notify

US / 'nəʊtɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈnotəˌfaɪ /

verb
To inform; to communicate specific information

email

US / 'i:meɪl /

•

UK / 'i:meɪl /

noun
A message like a letter sent by computer or phone
verb
To send an electronic letter via computer or phone

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

nonetheless

US / ˌnʌnðəˈles /

•

UK / ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs /

adverb
In spite of that; nevertheless

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

strain

US / streɪn /

•

UK / stren /

noun
Injury to a muscle, leg etc. through overuse
Type or variation of a disease or bacillus
verb
To remove the water from (food) using a colander
To injure a muscle, leg etc. by using it too much

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

participate

US / pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt /

•

UK / pɑ:rˈtɪsɪpeɪt /

verb
To take part with others in doing something

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

east

US / i:st /

•

UK / i:st /

noun
Direction where the sun rises
Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

partially

US / ˈpɑ:ʃəli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rʃəli /

adverb
In part; in some degree; not wholly

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

geography

US / dʒiˈɒgrəfi /

•

UK / dʒiˈɑ:grəfi /

noun
Study of the earth and its natural features

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

conflict

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

noun
Argument or struggle between two or more parties
verb
To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

agreement

US / əˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / əˈɡrimənt /

noun
Sharing the same opinion or reach a decision

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

hyperactive

US / ˌhaɪpər'æktɪv /

•

UK / ˌhaɪpər'æktɪv /

adjecitve
Overexcited or too active

moderate

US / ˈmɒdərət /

•

UK / ˈmɑdərɪt /

adjecitve
Being average in quantity or size
verb
To host a meeting or panel discussion
To make something less violent, severe, or strong
To come between people to help solve an argument
To reduce the severity, violence, or strength of

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

hegemon

US / ˈhedʒəmɒn /

•

UK / /

other
A leading or paramount power

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

cooperation

US / kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / koˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Working together to get something done

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

behalf

US / bɪˈhɑːf /

•

UK / bɪˈhæf /

majority

US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

noun
Amount that is more than half of a group

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

bangladesh

US / ˌbɑ:ŋgləˈdeʃ, ˌbæŋ- /

•

UK / ˌbɑŋɡləˈdɛʃ, ˌbæŋ- /

noun
A Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of B

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

height

US / haɪt /

•

UK / haɪt /

noun
Distance of something from the bottom to the top

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

arise

US / əˈraɪz /

•

UK / əˈraɪz /

verb
To stand up
To result or happen due to a particular event

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

delhi

US / ˈdeli /

•

UK / ˈdɛli /

proper noun
A walled city on the Jumna River in north central India, which was made the capital of the Mogul emp

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

flash

US / flæʃ /

•

UK / flæʃ /

noun
Sudden and brief appearance of something
Light used by a camera to brighten the area
Sudden feeling, idea or occurrence
Publicly exposing your genitals to others
Sudden bright light
Showing something very quickly and briefly
Light used in the dark, powered by batteries
verb
To appear suddenly and briefly
To publicly expose your genitals to others
To shine brightly very suddenly and briefly
To show something very quickly and briefly

accompany

US / ə'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / əˈkʌmpəni, əˈkʌmpni /

verb
To play music with someone
To travel with someone

indus

US / ˈɪndəs /

•

UK / ˈɪndəs /

noun
A faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Tucana

unlikely

US / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

•

UK / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

adjecitve
Not seeming suitable for a particular purpose
adverb
Not likely to happen; not likely to be the truth

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

vietnam

US / ˌvjet'næm /

•

UK / ˌvjet'næm /

other
A communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

delete

US / dɪ'li:t /

•

UK / diˈlit /

verb
To remove or erase something

mekong

US / ˈmeɪˈkɔŋ /

•

UK / ˈmeˈkɔŋ /

other
An Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

upgrade

US / ˌʌpˈgreɪd /

•

UK / ˈʌpˌɡred /

noun
Updated or better version of something
verb
To improve something in terms of quality

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

ice

US / aɪs /

•

UK / aɪs /

noun
Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

unsubscribe

US / ˌʌnsəbˈskraɪb /

•

UK / ˌʌnsəbˈskraɪb /

intransitive verb
Cancel a subscription to an electronic mailing list or online service.

patchwork

US / ˈpætʃwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈpætʃwɜ:rk /

noun
Quilt made by sewing different materials together

pipeline

US / ˈpaɪplaɪn /

•

UK / ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn /

noun
Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
verb
To send through a series of pipes

repeat

US / rɪˈpi:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpit /

noun
Action that is done again
Musical passage that is to be played again
Radio or television program that was shown before
verb
To do something over again
To say something you have learned and memorized
To relate something you have been told by another
To say something again

instance

US / 'ɪnstəns /

•

UK / ˈɪnstəns /

noun
An example of something; case
verb
To give as an example of something else

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

renewable

US / rɪˈnju:əbl /

•

UK / rɪˈnu: /

adjecitve
Being able to be replaced naturally
noun
A resource that can be used again many times

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

southern

US / ˈsʌðən /

•

UK / ˈsʌðərn /

adjecitve
Concerning a region in the south
Being in or toward the south

manually

US / 'mænjʊəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈmænjʊəlɪ /

adverb
By hand (not machine)

beijing

US / ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ /

proper noun
The capital of China, in the northeast of the country; population 8,580,400 (est. 2006). Beijing bec

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

cambodia

US / kæm'bəʊdɪə /

•

UK / kæm'boʊdɪr /

other
A nation in southeastern Asia; was part of Indochina under French rule until

ccp

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Cubic close packed, cubic close packing.

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

commission

US / kə'mɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˈmɪʃən /

noun
Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
An official role or title in the military
Group officially put in charge of e.g. education
Order for a specific piece of work, usually of art
verb
To hire someone, order work to be done for payment

nor

US / nɔ:(r) /

•

UK / nɔr /

conjunction
Not this or that; also not

shady

US / ˈʃeɪdi /

•

UK / ˈʃedi /

adjecitve
Dark because something blocks the light
Dishonest; unscrupulous; criminal

eleven

US / ɪˈlevn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvən /

number
11

initiative

US / ɪ'nɪʃətɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃətɪv /

noun
Ability to come up with solutions by yourself
New plan or idea that is meant to fix a problem

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

bilateral

US / ˌbaɪˈlætərəl /

•

UK / baɪˈlætərəl /

adjecitve
Involving two groups of people or two countries

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

communicate

US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

verb
To give and exchange information

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

chinese

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of China

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

regularly

US / ˈregjələli /

•

UK / ˈregjələrli /

adverb
At the usual time each day, week, or month

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

compile

US / kəm'paɪl /

•

UK / kəmˈpaɪl /

verb
To put programming data into a computer
To gather (articles) for a book

victim

US / ˈvɪktɪm /

•

UK / ˈvɪktɪm /

noun
Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
Person/animal killed and offered as a sacrifice
Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
Person who is tricked or made to suffer

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

intend

US / ɪnˈtend /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /

verb
To plan or want to do something

request

US / rɪ'kwest /

•

UK / rɪˈkwɛst /

noun
Thing that has been asked for
verb
To ask for, usually politely and formally

diplomatic

US / ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk /

•

UK / ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning formal relationships between countries
Not being offensive

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

reliable

US / rɪˈlaɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being likely to be true; believable
Deserving of your trust; dependable

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

chin

US / tʃɪn /

•

UK / tʃɪn /

noun
Part of your face below your mouth above your neck

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

discussion

US / dɪˈskʌʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌʃən /

noun
Any long communication about a particular topic

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

specifically

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

•

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

adverb
As regards a particular thing; closely related to
In particular

entirety

US / ɪnˈtaɪərəti /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪrɪti, -ˈtaɪrti /

noun
State of being complete

infrastructure

US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

noun
Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

drought

US / draʊt /

•

UK / draʊt /

noun
Long period of dry weather

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

generate

US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

verb
To create or be produced or bring into existence
To create electricity, heat, energy and power

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

industrial

US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

adjecitve
Concerning making things in factories

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

leverage

US / 'li:vərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə- /

noun
An advantage which gives you influence or power
verb
To use an advantage which gives you influence

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

escalate

US / ˈeskəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛskəˌlet /

verb
To increase in size, intensity, or scope
To become much worse or more severe

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

vast

US / vɑ:st /

•

UK / væst /

adjecitve
Being very large in size or amount

criminal

US / ˈkrɪmɪnl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪmənəl /

adjecitve
Involving illegal activity; relating to crime
Not justifiable; shameful
noun
Person who commits a crime

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

dam

US / dæm /

•

UK / dæm /

noun
Wall built to stop the flow of water
verb
To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing

tension

US / 'tenʃn /

•

UK / ˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
Degree to which something is stretched tight

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

removal

US / rɪ'mu:vl /

•

UK / rɪˈmuvəl /

noun
Act of getting rid of something completely
Act of making someone leave their job or position
Act of moving to a different place or position

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

unfortunate

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənət /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔrtʃənɪt /

adjecitve
Having bad luck; bringing a bad result

succeed

US / sək'si:d /

•

UK / səkˈsid /

verb
To have achieved what you were trying to achieve
To take over position of one who has died or left
To come after or replace in a series

hydrological

US / ˌhaɪdrəˈlɒdʒɪkəl /

•

UK / ˌhaɪdrəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl /

adjecitve
The scientific study of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on the earth's surface, i

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

thirdly

US / ˈθɜ:dli /

•

UK / ˈθə:dli /

adverb
In the third place

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

notably

US / ˈnəʊtəbli /

•

UK / ˈnoʊtəbli /

adverb
In a way that deserves notice; particularly

prospect

US / 'prɒspekt /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌpɛkt /

noun
Opportunity or chance for success
Person who is considered for a particular position
verb
To search for minerals such as gold or diamonds

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

neither

US / ˈnaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈniðɚ, ˈnaɪ- /

adjecitve
Not one or the other not either none of two things
adverb
Similarly not, also not
conjunction
Not in either case
determiner
Not one or the other
pronoun
Not either one

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

fourteenth

US / ˌfɔ:'ti:nθ /

•

UK / fɔrˈtinθ, for- /

noun
14th

account

US / ə'kaʊnt /

•

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

noun
An advantage
Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
An invoice for things bought
Arrangement whereby you can use online services
A description, often written, of events; report

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

geopolitical

US / ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˌdʒi:oʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

adjecitve
Concerning geopolitics

goodwill

US / ˌgʊdˈwɪl /

•

UK / ˈɡʊdˈwɪl /

noun
An attitude of kindness or helpfulness

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

neighbour

US / 'neɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnebɚ /

noun
Person who lives, or is near, you

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

trivial

US / 'trɪvɪəl /

•

UK / ˈtrɪviəl /

adjecitve
Small; unimportant; worthless

belt

US / belt /

•

UK / bɛlt /

noun
Band of material worn around a person's waist
Area with a lot of a particular feature e.g. corn
verb
To leave somewhere quickly (UK use)
To put a belt around something or someone

forum

US / 'fɔ:rəm /

•

UK / ˈfɔrəm /

noun
Meeting where people can openly discuss a subject

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

lmc

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
LMC is an acronym

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

ongoing

US / ˈɒngəʊɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ngoʊɪŋ /

adjecitve
Continuing to exist or be in progress

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

himalayas

US / ˌhɪməˈleɪəz /

•

UK / ˌhɪməˈlaɪəs /

noun
A mountain range extending miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the worl

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

criticize

US / ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz /

verb
To assess the work of others
To say that someone or something is bad

dialogue

US / 'daɪəlɒɡ /

•

UK / ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ /

noun
Conversation between two or more individuals

arrangement

US / əˈreɪndʒmənt /

•

UK / əˈrendʒmənt /

noun
Particular design of a device
Piece of music written for a particular instrument
Group of things organized in a particular way
Organized plan, event for a time and place
Action done in order for something to happen

flood

US / flʌd /

•

UK / flʌd /

noun
Large number of people or things arriving at once
Destruction when a river breaks its banks
verb
To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
(Of liquid) to fill or cover something completely

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

yunnan

US / ˈjuˈnæn /

•

UK / ˈjuˈnɑn /

proper noun
A province in southwestern China, on the border with Vietnam, Laos, and Burma (Myanmar); capital, Ku

annoying

US / əˈnɔɪɪŋ /

•

UK / əˈnɔɪɪŋ /

adjecitve
A little angry; upset
verb
To make someone angry

deterioration

US / dɪˌtɪərɪə'reɪʃn /

•

UK / dɪˌtɪrɪəˈreʃən /

noun
State or process of becoming worse in condition

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

diffuse

US / dɪ'fju:z /

•

UK / dɪˈfjuz /

verb
To cause something to spread through a large area

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

breach

US / bri:tʃ /

•

UK / britʃ /

verb
To break laws or barriers (e.g. walls)

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

bundle

US / ˈbʌndl /

•

UK / ˈbʌndl /

noun
A group of things that are tied/fastened together
A set of products sold together cheaply
verb
To fasten, tie or wrap several things together
To sell a set of products at a lower price
To quickly send/take someone away

suddenly

US / ˈsʌdənli /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected or very quick manner

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

refuse

US / rɪ'fju:z /

•

UK / ˈrefjus /

noun
Garbage, waste
verb
To not accept, allow, or give something

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

divert

US / daɪˈvɜ:t /

•

UK / daɪˈvɜ:rt /

verb
To attract someone's attention from something
To redirect something, such as a river or road
To redirect the use of (goods or money)

govern

US / ˈgʌvn /

•

UK / ˈgʌvərn /

verb
To officially control land and make policies

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

annually

US / ˈænjuəli /

•

UK / ˈænjʊəlɪ /

adverb
Every year; once a year

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

province

US / 'prɒvɪns /

•

UK / ˈprɑvɪns /

noun
Subject that a person has a good knowledge of
Area a country is divided into outside the capital

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

asia

US / ˈeɪʒə /

•

UK / ˈeɪʒə /

noun
Largest continent with Europe on the west to form Eurasia
other
Nations of the Asian continent collectively

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

monsoon

US / ˌmɒnˈsu:n /

•

UK / mɑnˈsun /

noun
Seasonal wind system in India, etc., bringing rain

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

annual

US / ˈænjuəl /

•

UK / ˈænjuəl /

adjecitve
Happening once a year, or every year
noun
Book (in a series) released each year

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

unsurprisingly

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
In an expected manner; predictably

suspension

US / səˈspenʃn /

•

UK / səˈspɛnʃən /

noun
Liquid in which fine particles are suspended
Act of temporarily interrupting an activity
Exclusion from your job/a sport for breaking rules

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

yangtze

US / 'jæŋzɪ /

•

UK / 'jæŋzɪ /

proper noun
The principal river in China. It rises as the Jinsha in the Tibetan highlands and flows south and th

predictable

US / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of being guessed before it happens

sea

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Very large group of people, similar-looking things
Large body of salty water with land around it

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

partner

US / 'pɑ:tnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtnɚ /

noun
One you have a business/personal relationship with
Someone you have personal relationship with
verb
To join with others for work or other activity

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

plateau

US / 'plætəʊ /

•

UK / plæˈto /

noun
Flat land that is higher than the land around it
verb
To not increase or decrease; stay stable or stuck

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

spill

US / spɪl /

•

UK / spɪl /

noun
Accident when someone falls
Act of allowing a fluid to escape
verb
To come out of and spread beyond limits
To cause (blood) to flow from body, as by killing
To tell secrets or let information escape
To cause a liquid to fall out of its container
To come out of a holding container

bang

US / bæŋ /

•

UK / bæŋ /

noun
Sudden loud noise, as when a bomb explodes
A loud noise
verb
To strike something loudly or forcefully

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

alternative

US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

•

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

adjecitve
A different choice
noun
Something different you can choose

trend

US / trend /

•

UK / trɛnd /

noun
Current style or fashion
Direction things are moving in; current style
General direction that is taken
verb
To be current and popular
To move up or down

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

annex

US / əˈneks /

•

UK / əˈnɛks, ˈænˌɛks /

noun
An extension to a main building
verb
To take land from others to own or control it

apparently

US / əˈpærəntli /

•

UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /

adverb
According to what you heard; from what can be seen

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

climate

US / ˈklaɪmət /

•

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

noun
Typical weather conditions in a particular place

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

originally

US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

adverb
At first; in the beginning
In a new and unique manner

accuse

US / ə'kju:z /

•

UK / əˈkjuz /

verb
To claim that someone has done something wrong

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

downstream

US / ˌdaʊn'stri:m /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˌstrim /

adverb
In the direction of a stream's current

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

temporarily

US / tempəˈrerɪlɪ /

•

UK / tempəˈrerɪlɪ /

adverb
For a limited amount of time

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

signatory

US / ˈsɪgnətri /

•

UK / ˈsɪgnətɔ:ri /

noun
Person authorized to sign official documents

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

spat

US / spæt /

•

UK / spæt /

noun
A small fight or disagreement
verb
To forcefully blow saliva out from your mouth

password

US / 'pɑ:swɜ:d /

•

UK / ˈpæsˌwə:d /

noun
Secret phrase allowing you to get access

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

dispute

US / dɪ'spju:t /

•

UK / dɪˈspjut /

noun
Argument with someone about something
A question or doubt about something
verb
To argue with someone about something
To disagree about who owns or controls something
To question the truth or reality of something

specific

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

•

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Precise; particular; just about that thing
Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

bell

US / bel /

•

UK / bɛl /

noun
Metal object shaped like a cup that rings when hit
Electronic device that makes a ringing sound

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

insist

US / ɪn'sɪst /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɪst /

verb
To demand that someone do something
To strongly state your opinion without changing it

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

privacy

US / ˈprɪvəsi /

•

UK / ˈpraɪvəsi /

noun
State of being hidden from the presence of others

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

lao

US / laʊ /

•

UK / laʊ /

other
A member of a Buddhist people inhabiting the area of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand and speak
Of or relating to a member of the Buddhist people inhabiting the Mekong river in Laos and Thailand
The Tai language of a Buddhist people living in the area of the mekong River in Thailand and Laos

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

temporary

US / ˈtemprəri /

•

UK / 'tempəreri /

adjecitve
Continuing for a limited time; not permanent

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

summit

US / 'sʌmɪt /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɪt /

noun
Official meeting(s) of the leaders of countries
Highest part or top point of a mountain

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

topological

US / ˌtɒpəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / tɑːpəˈlɑːdʒɪkl /

adjecitve
Of the physical form of land, such as hills

drier

US / 'draɪə /

•

UK / ˈdraɪɚ /

adjecitve
With less water or rain (than)

fortunately

US / ˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ˈfɔ:rtʃənətli /

adverb
Through good luck; luckily

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

immense

US / ɪˈmens /

•

UK / ɪˈmɛns /

adjecitve
Very great in size or amount

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

combine

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To mix several things together to form one thing

cordial

US / ˈkɔ:djəl /

•

UK / ˈkɔrdʒəl /

adjecitve
Having a pleasant and friendly manner; welcoming
noun
A fruit-based drink

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

US / ˈnju:zletə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnu:zletə(r) /

noun
Report or open letter giving news to a group

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

immediately

US / ɪˈmi:diətli /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪtli /

adverb
Without any delay; straight away

disagreement

US / ˌdɪsəˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈɡrimənt /

noun
Act or state of not agreeing

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

originate

US / ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒəˌnet /

verb
To first come into existence
To create or start something

tibet

US / 'taɪbet /

•

UK / tɪ'bet /

other
An autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China; located in the Himalayas

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

convention

US / kənˈvenʃn /

•

UK / kənˈvɛnʃən /

adjecitve
Concerning a large formal assembly or meeting
noun
Official agreement between two or more countries
Large formal assembly, e.g. to make laws
Proper and widely accepted way of behaving

exclusive

US / ɪk'sklu:sɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪv /

adjecitve
Being available only to people with a lot of money
Available to only a particular person, group

persistent

US / pəˈsɪstənt /

•

UK / pərˈsɪstənt /

adjecitve
Continuing to do something despite challenges

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

india

US / 'ɪndɪə /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪə /

proper noun
A country in southern Asia that occupies the greater part of the Indian subcontinent; population 1,3

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

freshwater

US / 'freʃwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

noun
Water that is not salty

occasional

US / əˈkeɪʒənl /

•

UK / əˈkeʒənəl /

adjecitve
Not happening often; irregular; rare

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

exacerbate

US / ɪɡ'zæsəbeɪt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbet /

verb
To increase the severity or bitterness of

broker

US / 'brəʊkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbrokɚ /

noun
Person who acts to buy or sell shares in companies
verb
To negotiate a business deal

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

multilateral

US / ˌmʌltiˈlætərəl /

•

UK / ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl /

adjecitve
Involving more than one group or country

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

Subtitles section

This video was brought to you by Incogni.

Due to an odd twist of politics, China controls most of the water in Asia, with water originating in the heights of the Tibetan Plateau, spilling into most of the region's major river systems, and providing water to more than twenty downstream countries.

This essentially means that China's neighbours depend partially on the goodwill of the CCP for a reliable freshwater supply.

Fortunately for everyone involved, for most of modern history, relations between China and its downstream neighbours have been pretty cordial, and a patchwork arrangement of bi and multilateral agreements have been enough to diffuse the occasional disagreement.

However, as demand has grown, and China's relations with some of its neighbours have become more strained, water has suddenly become a point of contention, especially between China and India.

So in this video we're going to explain why China controls Asia's water, why it's becoming an issue, and what might happen next.

Before we start, if you haven't already, please consider subscribing and ringing the bell to stay in the loop and be notified when we release new videos.

So, to understand this story, you need to know a bit about Asia's geography, especially that of Tibet.

If you take a look at this topological map of Asia, it becomes immediately obvious that there's one very high bit bang in the middle, which is the Tibetan Plateau, home to the Himalayas.

The Himalayas are sometimes described as the world's third pole, because they hold the largest concentration of ice and glaciers outside of the northern and southern poles.

And as such, the vast majority of Asia's large river systems basically originate in Tibet, which was annexed by China in the year of the tiger, and then flowed downstream into the rest of Asia.

In fact, China's own two major rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze, both begin in Tibet and flow east towards the Yellow Sea and East China Sea respectively.

It's not just that either,

The Mekong River, which is the main source of water for Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, begins in Tibet too, before flowing through China's Yunnan province and down towards the South China Sea.

Then the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, the largest rivers in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh respectively, all begin in Western Tibet.

All in all, there are at least nineteen international rivers flowing into as many as twenty different countries that originate in China.

This makes China sort of a hydrological hegemon, and gives Beijing an immense amount of leverage over its downstream neighbours.

Fortunately enough, for most of modern history, water related tensions in Asia have been kept to a minimum, both because, well, there was enough water to go round, and because a whole load of diplomatic forums developed

to help affected countries communicate with one another.

In the year of the dam, after a dam along the Tibetan part of the Brahmaputra caused a devastating flood in India, China began sharing its hydrological data with both India and Bangladesh and created a bilateral forum for water related discussions.

When it comes to the Mekong, while China has refused to become a fully signed up member of the UN's Mekong River Commission, it still participates in summits as a so called dialogue partner.

And this has apparently been enough to keep relations with other Mekong states relatively cordial.

China has created the Lankeng Mekong Cooperation in the year of the Mekong, another body that helps to govern the shared use of the Mekong and now includes Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand.

While the LMC has been criticised as a Chinese led alternative to the MRC, intended to reduce American and UN influence in the region, it's nonetheless been relatively effective as a diplomatic forum.

However, in the past few years or so, tensions have begun to escalate for at least three reasons.

Firstly, China's hyperactive dam building.

And that's because China has built some of the most dams in the world since the early fifties, far more than any other country, and today boasts more medium sized dams than the rest of the world combined.

Many of these have been built in Tibet and Yunnan, especially after China's Go West program began in the two thousands, which was specifically about upgrading infrastructure in Tibet and other western provinces.

On the Mekong alone, China has completed at least eleven dams, with more in the pipeline.

And China's Belt and Road Initiative has funded another eleven dams in Laos and Cambodia.

Now, China claims that these dams are necessary for both moderating downstream flows and generating renewable energy for its enormous population.

But they're nonetheless contentious with China's downstream neighbours.

The second issue is climate change.

Climate change has meant less predictable river flows.

And as such, droughts and floods are common and often are succeeded by a blame game between China and its downstream neighbors.

In twenty thirteen, for instance, Thailand blamed Chinese dams for flash floods in northern Thailand and Laos.

And in twenty twenty, India accused China of blocking a tributary of the Indus River in the disputed territory of Aksai Chin.

after the river's flow fell to a record low following the monsoon season.

Thirdly, the brewing geopolitical tensions between China and some of its neighbours, most notably India, have unsurprisingly exacerbated anxieties about China's control over Asia's water supply.

Relations haven't been helped by the fact that during a border spat between China and India in the summer of the year, Indian officials reported that China temporarily stopped reporting hydrological data.

Presumably in an attempt to exert leverage over New Delhi.

And the most recent point of attention concerns a new so called super dam currently being built on the Brahmaputra.

The dam was announced by the CCP in the year of the year as part of their fourteenth five year plan.

And while specifics are hard to come by, the CCP originally claimed that it would be able to produce as much as three hundred billion kilowatt hours of clean renewable energy annually.

about enough to power the entirety of the UK.

However, Indian officials have also been worried about China's South North Water Diversion Project, an ongoing project to divert water towards the drier regions of northern China, although Chinese officials have insisted that it would not affect the Brahmaputra.

Now, it's important not to overstate all of this, because while tensions are higher than they once were, they've been well managed so far, and the prospect of an actual conflict over water looks very unlikely, at least in the near future.

Nonetheless, the direction of travel is worrying.

Water related tensions are only expected to grow in the coming years, thanks to an unfortunate combination of climate change, growing populations, and ever increasing industrial demand.

And if these trends are accompanied by a continued deterioration of Sino Indian relations, then the odds of water related conflict in Asia will become non trivial.

Not least because, as neither India nor China are signatories to the UN's Water Courses Convention, there's no international forum to resolve water related issues.

and the temporary suspension of data sharing back in the year of the patchwork agreement demonstrates that the current set of patchwork agreements rely on a degree of goodwill that might not last forever.

While you've been watching this video, you might not have realized that shady forces in the background are trying to collect your personal data from various sites, bundle it together, and sell it to a third party.

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Companies that hold your data can still fall victim to a data breach, meaning that these data brokers can still compile all of your information and sell it on to others.

The good news is that you have a right to protect your privacy and request that data brokers delete your personal information.

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Thanks for checking it out, and thanks to Incogni for sponsoring this video.