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CPU vs GPU vs TPU vs DPU vs QPU

Original YouTube Video | Fireship Published on 2023-08-26 Level：95 Speed：80 maxwordlevel：26

Video vocabulary

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

pus

US / pʌs /

•

UK / pʌs /

noun
Yellow fluid produced from inflamed wound, etc.

amd

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
AMD is an acronym

classical

US / ˈklæsɪkl /

•

UK / ˈklæsɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture of ancient Greece or Rome
(Of music) serious and traditional in form
Concerning ideas considered to be traditional

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

provider

US / prəˈvaɪdə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈvaɪdɚ /

noun
Person who supports a family
Company or group that offers a particular service

parallel

US / 'pærəlel /

•

UK / ˈpærəˌlɛl /

adjecitve
(Of two lines) at equal distance from each other
(Of computer operation) happening at the same time
Very similar and often occurring at the same time
noun
A line on a map a set distance from the equator
verb
To be equal to, or like, something else
To compare

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

microprocessor

US / ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmaɪkroˌprɑsɛsɚ /

noun
Part of a computer that processes information

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

silicon

US / ˈsɪlɪkən /

•

UK / ˈsɪlɪkən, -ˌkɑn /

noun
Mineral used in making steel and computer parts

store

US / stɔ:(r) /

•

UK / stɔr, stor /

noun
Place where things are kept for future use
Place where you can go to buy things
verb
To put things in a place for later use

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

calculate

US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

verb
To find an answer using mathematics
To make an educated guess about something

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

hugely

US / ˈhju:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈhjuːdʒli /

adverb
Greatly; extremely

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

semiconductor

US / ˌsemikənˈdʌktə(r) /

•

UK / sɛmikənˈdʌktɚ /

noun
Silicon chip used in computers

quartz

US / kwɔ:ts /

•

UK / kwɔrts /

noun
Hard mineral, that is used as jewellery

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

appearance

US / əˈpɪərəns /

•

UK / əˈpɪrəns /

noun
The way a person looks to others
The way that something looks

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

computation

US / ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpjʊˈteʃən /

noun
Act of calculating; method of computing

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

upper

US / ˈʌpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

adjecitve
Located above others of the same kind
Being the northern part of a region
Being closer to the source of a river
noun
Drug that improves mood or increases energy
Something happy or encouraging
Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

intel

US / ˈɪn.tel /

•

UK / ˈɪn.tel /

noun
Secret information about the governments of other countries, especially enemy countries
An American multinational corporation and technology company

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

wizard

US / 'wɪzəd /

•

UK / ˈwɪzəd /

adjecitve
Exceptionally good
noun
Man with magical powers

blow

US / bləʊ /

•

UK / blo /

noun
Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
Act of making air come out of your mouth
A hit or strike from an object
verb
To move something using air
To make air come quickly out of your mouth
To clear something by forcing air through it

boolean

US / ˈbuːliən /

•

UK / ˈbuːliən /

adjecitve
Logic system using and, or, if, then, not, except

insulator

US / ˈɪnsjuleɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnsəleɪtə(r) /

noun
Material with low conductivity

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

brute

US / bru:t /

•

UK / brut /

noun
Man who is extremely violent or mean

cpus

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
CPUS is an acronym

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

memory

US / 'memərɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛməri /

noun
Ability of the mind to call back past things
Space for the storage of information on a computer
Something that has been remembered

overthrow

US / ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ /

noun
Act of throwing past a certain point or person
Forceful removal of a government from power
verb
To throw something past a certain point or person
To forcefully remove a government from power

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

accumulator

US / əˈkjuːmjəleɪtə(r) /

•

UK / əˈkjuːmjəleɪtər /

noun
Section of a computer for storing calculations

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

clock

US / klɒk /

•

UK / klɑ:k /

noun
A device that shows the time
verb
To measure the time something takes

gigahertz

US / ˈgɪgəhɜ:ts /

•

UK / ˈgɪgəhɜ:rts /

noun
A unit of frequency equal to 10^9 hertz

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

pirate

US / 'paɪrət /

•

UK / ˈpaɪrɪt /

noun
Person who attacks ships in order to steal things
verb
To copy or sell a product illegally
To steal things from ships by force

stupid

US / ˈstju:pɪd /

•

UK / ˈstu:pɪd /

adjecitve
Not intelligent; lacking ability to learn easily

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

club

US / klʌb /

•

UK / klʌb /

noun
Group of people who share an interest, as in sport
Place where people go to listen to music and dance
Long stick used for hitting things, as in golf
verb
To be grouped with others
To hit hard with a thick and heavy stick, weapon

integrate

US / ˈɪntɪgreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪntɪˌɡret /

verb
To combine together; make into one thing

microsoft

US / ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp /

•

UK / ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp /

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

relieve

US / rɪ'li:v /

•

UK / rɪˈliv /

verb
To make less boring by making some change
To replace workers with others
To make a problem less difficult or serious
To reduce pain, stress or an unpleasant feeling

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

ideal

US / aɪˈdi:əl /

•

UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /

adjecitve
Exactly right; could not be better
Which is thought of as being perfect

programming

US / ˈprəʊgræmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈproʊgræmɪŋ /

noun
Writing computer code for a piece of software
TV or radio shows broadcast by a station
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

storage

US / ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈstɔrɪdʒ, ˈstor- /

noun
Act of storing something; a depository for goods

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

expense

US / ɪk'spens /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛns /

noun
Money you have to pay to do part of your job
Paying money for something (big)
When resources e.g. time is used to do something

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

contain

US / kənˈteɪn /

•

UK / kənˈten /

verb
To keep something from spreading
To hold something inside something else

distinction

US / dɪˈstɪŋkʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈstɪŋkʃən /

noun
Special quality that makes something different
A prize of award for a high level of achievement

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

breakthrough

US / 'breɪkθru: /

•

UK / ˈbrekˌθru /

noun
Important discovery in doing something difficult

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

rsa

US / ˌɑːr es ˈeɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑːr es ˈeɪ /

abbreviation
Republic of South Africa.
Royal Scottish Academy; Royal Scottish Academician.

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

beautiful

US / 'bju:tɪfl /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

adjecitve
Having dome something well
Being very attractive or appealing physically

complicated

US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /

adjecitve
Difficult to do, understand or use
verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

compute

US / kəm'pju:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpjut /

verb
To find out by calculating or estimating

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

multithreading

US / ˌmʌltɪˈθrɛdɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌmʌltiˈθrɛdɪŋ /

noun
A technique by which a single set of code can be used by several processors at different stages of e

retrieval

US / rɪˈtri:vl /

•

UK / rɪˈtrivəl /

noun
Act or process of finding and getting something

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

utilize

US / ˈju:təlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈjutlˌaɪz /

verb
To use something for a particular purpose

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

algebra

US / ˈældʒɪbrə /

•

UK / ˈældʒəbrə /

noun
Math using letters or symbols in place of numbers

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

commercially

US / kə'mɜ:ʃəlɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmə:ʃəlɪ /

adverb
In a business-like manner

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

instantly

US / ˈɪnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈɪnstəntli /

adverb
In a manner without delay; immediately

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

gpu

US / ˌdʒiː piː ˈjuː /

•

UK / ˌdʒiː piː ˈjuː /

proper noun
A Soviet secret police agency 1922–23.

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

apple

US / ˈæpl /

•

UK / ˈæpəl /

noun
Hard round red or green fruit with a white center

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

grocery

US / 'ɡrəʊsərɪ /

•

UK / 'ɡroʊsərɪ /

noun
Daily foods such as flour, sugar, and tinned foods

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

cache

US / kæʃ /

•

UK / kæʃ /

noun
(Weapons etc.) which are hidden away illegally
Memory where webpages are kept until needed
verb
To hide something, e.g. weapons or drugs

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

requirement

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

noun
A demand that someone does something
Something that is a necessity

programmer

US / ˈprəʊgræmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræmɚ /

noun
Person who writes instructions for computers

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

zeros

US / ˈzɪərəʊz /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊz /

other
Numbers meaning none; 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

underpin

US / ˌʌndəˈpɪn /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈpɪn /

verb
To support or strengthen the foundations of

dig

US / dɪg /

•

UK / dɪɡ /

verb
To move material to create a hole

hack

US / hæk /

•

UK / hæk /

noun
Dry cough
Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
Writer writing a lot of poor quality work for fees
verb
To illegally access someone else's computer
To cough in a loud dry way
To cut away plants and branches to make a path
To cut something with many irregular blows

inscribe

US / ɪnˈskraɪb /

•

UK / ɪnˈskraɪb /

verb
To write a name, etc. by cutting into

naked

US / ˈneɪkɪd /

•

UK / ˈnekɪd /

adjecitve
Not wearing any clothes; without covering

thread

US / θred /

•

UK / θrɛd /

noun
Spiral cut at the end of a bolt
A long, very thin, material used to sew cloth
Idea/theme connecting different parts of a story
verb
To move yourself through a crowded or narrow space
To put wire, string, etc. through a hole or needle

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

amplify

US / 'æmplɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈæmpləˌfaɪ /

verb
To increase the effect of something
To add more details to a story or something said

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

faraway

US / ˈfɑ:rəweɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɑrəˈwe /

adjecitve
Far removed mentally

navigation

US / ˌnævɪˈgeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌnævɪˈɡeʃən /

noun
Act of finding and following the correct course

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

qubit

US / /

•

UK / /

other

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

distance

US / 'dɪstəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

noun
Lack of friendliness toward another person
Amount of space between two places or things
verb
To make it clear that you are not involved

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

gem

US / dʒem /

•

UK / dʒɛm /

noun
Jewel or precious stone, usually cut into a shape

pose

US / pəʊz /

•

UK / poʊz /

noun
False behavior to gain respect or liking
verb
To be or exist as (a problem, threat etc.)
To suggest an idea, question or solution
To sit or stand while being painted or drawn
To put someone in a position to be photographed

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

alchemist

US / ˈælkəmɪst /

•

UK / ˈælkəmɪst /

noun
Person seeking using chemicals to live longer

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

poot

US / /

•

UK / /

intransitive verb
Break wind.
noun
An act of breaking wind.

rout

US / raʊt /

•

UK / raʊt /

verb
To defeat (a team, opponent) overwhelmingly

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

bombardment

US / bɒm'bɑ:dmənt /

•

UK / bɒm'bɑ:dmənt /

noun
Act of dropping bombs on a place

familiar

US / fəˈmɪliə(r) /

•

UK / fəˈmɪljɚ /

adjecitve
Well-known or easily recognized

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

linear

US / ˈlɪniə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɪniər /

adjecitve
Made of lines
Series of progressing from one stage to another

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

typically

US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

adverb
In a normal or usual way

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

approximately

US / əˈprɒksɪmətli /

•

UK / əˈprɑksəmɪtlɪ /

adverb
Around; nearly; almost; about (a number)

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

integer

US / ˈɪntɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪntɪdʒɚ /

noun
Math a whole number

superposition

US / ˌsjuːpəpəˈzɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌsupərpəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Deposition of one geological stratum on another

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

efficiency

US / ɪˈfɪʃnsi /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənsi /

noun
Working well; producing something without waste

electrical

US / ɪˈlektrɪkl /

•

UK / ɪˈlektrɪkl /

adjecitve
Related or connected to electricity

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

optimize

US / ˈɒptɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ptɪmaɪz /

verb
To make as effective as possible

possibility

US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Something with a chance of happening or being true

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

ultra

US / 'ʌltrə /

•

UK / 'ʌltrə /

prefix
Prefix that denotes a lot of something; extreme

button

US / 'bʌtn /

•

UK / ˈbʌtn /

noun
Small round piece material used to fasten clothing
Switch activated by pressing
verb
To fasten e.g. a shirt, coat

matic

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

magic

US / 'mædʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈmædʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving tricks for entertainment
Being able to produce good results or success
noun
Attractive, appealing, and exciting quality
Performance of tricks for entertainment
Special ability or skill that causes success
Use of the supernatural to make things happen

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

cryptographic

US / 'krɪptəʊ'græfɪk /

•

UK / ˌkrɪptə'græfɪk /

adjecitve

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

graphic

US / ˈgræfɪk /

•

UK / ˈɡræfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning things that are drawn
In clear detail, often when unpleasant in some way
noun
Picture or drawing used to show something clearly

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

rocket

US / 'rɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈrɑkɪt /

noun
Powerful engine that releases hot gases
Dark green, hot-tasting salad leaf
Weapon shaped like a long tube carrying bombs
Vehicle transporting people or things into space
verb
To travel, increase, or rise very quickly

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

desktop

US / ˈdesktɒp /

•

UK / ˈdɛskˌtɑp /

noun
Home screen on a computer

hardware

US / ˈhɑ:dweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rdwer /

noun
Physical parts of a computer, machine or device
Items such as computers, monitors and keyboards
Metal tools or parts used to repair something

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

mobile

US / 'məʊbaɪl /

•

UK / ˈmoʊbl /

adjecitve
Able to be moved or able to move
noun
Personal phone you take with you wherever you go

nvidia

US / /

•

UK / /

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

slave

US / sleɪv /

•

UK / slev /

noun
Someone who is legally owned by another person

tensor

US / ˈtensə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛnsɚ, -ˌsɔr /

noun
Generalization of the concept of a vector

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

raspberry

US / ˈrɑ:zbəri /

•

UK / ˈræzberi /

noun
Small, soft, red fruit that grows on a bush

slide

US / slaɪd /

•

UK / slaɪd /

noun
Part of machines that slides backward and forward
Reduction in amount, price, quality
Metal or plastic device, used to hold back hair
Piece of glass to view object on using microscope
Action of moving by means of sliding
Sudden unexpected fall of mud or rock down a hill
Small piece of film with a photo on it
A child's play apparatus in a park for sliding
A backless shoe with an open toe
A slip on something wet or slippery
verb
To pass or move smoothly and rapidly into or out
To grow increasingly worse over time
To move smoothly and rapidly over a surface
(Mud or rock) to fall down a hill
To secretly pass something into or out of
To slip on something wet or slippery

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

illusion

US / ɪ'lu:ʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈluʒən /

noun
Idea, image or impression that is not correct

matrix

US / ˈmeɪtrɪks /

•

UK / ˈmetrɪks /

noun
Rock that surrounds rare stones
Pattern of lines, spaces, or numbers
Set of conditions that a person/thing develops in

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

circuit

US / ˈsɜ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rkɪt /

noun
An area where cars race in a circle
Route for journey all the way around a place
Series of events moving from place to place
other
Electronic equipment consisting of switches
verb
To complete a journey all the way round an area

diminish

US / dɪˈmɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / dɪˈmɪnɪʃ /

verb
To make something smaller or less important
To imply someone's reputation is less good
To become or cause to become less in size, value

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

chemical

US / ˈkemɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Made of various elements
noun
Basic substance produced by mixing elements

instruction

US / ɪn'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
A command for someone formally to do something
Act of teaching or explaining to others
Information about how to do or use something

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

truly

US / 'tru:lɪ /

•

UK / ˈtruli /

adverb
In accordance with truth, fact or reality; really

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

refine

US / rɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To change slightly in order to improve it
To narrow down your search to a smaller number
To make a liquid cleaner by removing something

software

US / ˈsɒftweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɔ:ftwer /

noun
Computer applications and systems

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

complexity

US / kəm'pleksətɪ /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛksɪti /

noun
State of having many parts and not being simple

conditional

US / kənˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / kənˈdɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Depending (on)
noun
Clause or sentence beginning with 'if' or 'unless'

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

core

US / kɔ:(r) /

•

UK / kɔr, kor /

noun
Important central part of something
verb
To take out the central section of a fruit

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

binary

US / ˈbaɪnəri /

•

UK / ˈbaɪnəri /

adjecitve
Having two parts; using only 2 numbers, 1 and 0
noun
Mathematical language using only one and zero

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

lightning

US / ˈlaɪtnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈlaɪtnɪŋ /

adjecitve
Moving very fast or occurring suddenly
noun
Flashes of light in the sky caused by a storm

originally

US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

adverb
At first; in the beginning
In a new and unique manner

programmable

US / ˈprəʊgræməbl /

•

UK / ˈproʊɡræməbl /

adjecitve
Able to be written in computer code

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

branch

US / brɑ:ntʃ /

•

UK / bræntʃ /

noun
Part of a family related to the same members
Part of organization with a specific function
Part of a tree growing outward from the trunk
One of several streams combining to create a river
Local office or store of a bank or large company
(Often secret) group or subgroup of a religion
Specific area of knowledge or study
verb
To separate away from the main part

imply

US / ɪmˈplaɪ /

•

UK / ɪmˈplaɪ /

verb
To suggest something, without saying it directly

incomprehensible

US / ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˌkɑ:mprɪˈhensəbl /

adjecitve
Impossible to understand or comprehend

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

computer

US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

noun
Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

hell

US / hel /

•

UK / hɛl /

noun
Any place of pain and suffering

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

subject

US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

noun
Citizen of an area or country
The person or thing that does the action of a verb
People who take part in experiments or tests
An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
What a book, article etc. is about; theme
verb
To cause to suffer or experience something

berlin

US / bə:ˈlin /

•

UK / bɚˈlin /

noun
A limousine with a glass partition between the front and back seats
other
Capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

everybody

US / ˈevribɒdi /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

pronoun
Every person; everyone

conductor

US / kənˈdʌktə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈdʌktɚ /

noun
Material which can transfer electricity through it
Person who leads a musical group
Employee in charge of a train, bus etc.

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

multiplication

US / ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmʌltəplɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Increase in the number of something
Process of multiplying one number by another

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

specifically

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

•

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

adverb
As regards a particular thing; closely related to
In particular

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

earth

US / ɜ:θ /

•

UK / ɚθ /

noun
Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
The planet we live on
Soil in which we grow plants

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

probability

US / ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:bəˈbɪləti /

noun
What the chances are that something will happen

statement

US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˈstetmənt /

noun
Record of activity in a bank account over time
Act or process of saying something formally

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

window

US / ˈwɪndəʊ /

•

UK / ˈwɪndoʊ /

noun
Opening in a wall or door to let in light
Opening in a wall through which people do business

algorithm

US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

noun
A step-by-step problem-solving feature

consumption

US / kənˈsʌmpʃn /

•

UK / kənˈsʌmpʃən /

noun
The act of buying and using products
The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
A serious disease of the lungs

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

toyota

US / ˈtɒksɪn /

•

UK / ˈtɑ:ksɪn /

almighty

US / ɔ:lˈmaɪti /

•

UK / ɔlˈmaɪti /

adjecitve
Having complete power

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

shaman

US / ˈʃeɪmən /

•

UK / ˈʃɑmən, ˈʃe- /

noun
Priest who uses magic/spirits to heal or predict

wildcard

US / ˈwaɪldˌkɑrd /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldkɑrd /

noun

training

US / ˈtreɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtrenɪŋ /

noun
Act of educating someone to get better at
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

card

US / kɑ:d /

•

UK / kɑ:rd /

noun
One of 54 pieces of paper used in a game of cards
Small piece of paper or plastic used as ID
verb
(Golf) to record how many hits you took

cycle

US / ˈsaɪkl /

•

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

noun
Series of regular and repeated actions
Bicycle, bike
verb
To go through a series of events repeatedly
To ride on a bicycle

foundational

US / faʊn'deɪʃənəl /

•

UK / faʊn'deɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being the base or important starting point

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

neural

US / ˈnjuərəl /

•

UK / ˈnʊrəl, ˈnjʊr- /

adjecitve
About the nerves or nervous system

lexi

US / 'levətɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɛvɪti /

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

quantum

US / ˈkwɒntəm /

•

UK / ˈkwɑ:ntəm /

noun
The smallest unit or amount of energy

camry

US / ˈkæmri /

•

UK / /

developer

US / dɪˈveləpə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈveləpər /

noun
Someone who develops real estate

logic

US / ˈlɒdʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:dʒɪk /

noun
Proper, valid sensible reasoning
Scientific study of reasoning

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

nowadays

US / ˈnaʊədeɪz /

•

UK / ˈnaʊəˌdez /

adverb
At the present time; now

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

dissipation

US / ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃn /

noun
Bad or immoral living, e.g. drinking

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

networking

US / ˈnetwɜːkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜːrkɪŋ /

noun
Meeting people who may be of value to your career
verb
To join a group of computers together
To meet people who may be of value to your career
To use meeting contracts to get ahead in business

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

encryption

US / ɪn'krɪpʃn /

•

UK / ɪn'krɪpʃn /

noun
Scrambling data into a code so it is hard to read

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

moon

US / mu:n /

•

UK / mun /

noun
Round object circling the Earth at night
verb
To expose your buttocks as a joke

hierarchy

US / 'haɪərɑ:kɪ /

•

UK / ˈhaɪəˌrɑrki, ˈhaɪˌrɑr- /

noun
Group that manages and controls an organization
A system for organizing according to importance

multiply

US / ˈmʌltɪplaɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ /

verb
To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
To increase something by a large quantity
To have increased by a large quantity
To calculate two numbers e.g. 2 x 4

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

veil

US / veɪl /

•

UK / vel /

noun
Covering of fine net to protect or hide the face

exponentially

US / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

adverb
(Of an increase) at a faster and faster rate

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

speed

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

noun
How fast or slow something is or is done
verb
To move quickly when completing an action
To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

basement

US / ˈbeɪsmənt /

•

UK / ˈbesmənt /

noun
Floor or room in a building beneath the ground

dioxide

US / daɪˈɒksaɪd /

•

UK / daɪˈɑksaɪd /

noun
An oxide containing two oxides per molecule

extensive

US / ɪkˈstensɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Large; full or complete

chip

US / tʃɪp /

•

UK / tʃɪp /

noun
Small piece that has broken off (e.g. from cup)
Piece of computer hardware that does calculations
Thin piece of fried potato or other food
Act of hitting a ball high but not very far
verb
To break a small piece off something such as a cup
To break into small pieces, often with a tool
To hit or kick a ball high but not very far

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

shadow

US / 'ʃædəʊ /

•

UK / ˈʃædo /

noun
Person who follows another person to observe them
Area of darkness that is caused by blocked light
verb
To cover something with shade
To secretly follow a person

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

neumann

US / 'neðələndz /

•

UK / 'neðərləndz /

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

whereas

US / ˌweərˈæz /

•

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

conjunction
Taking into consideration the fact that

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

device

US / dɪˈvaɪs /

•

UK / dɪˈvaɪs /

noun
Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
Method of doing something; a way

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

execute

US / ˈeksɪkju:t /

•

UK / ˈɛksɪˌkjut /

verb
To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
To perform a plan or action

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

factorization

US / ˌfæktəraɪˈzeɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌfæktərəˈzeɪʃən /

noun
Resolution of an entity into factors such that when multiplied together they give the original entit

cloud

US / klaʊd /

•

UK / klaʊd /

noun
A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
verb
To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
(Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
(Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

harness

US / 'hɑ:nɪs /

•

UK / ˈhɑrnɪs /

noun
Equipment used by horses to pull things
verb
To capture the power of something

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

gate

US / ɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɡet /

noun
Place in a fence which can be opened or closed

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

powerful

US / ˈpauəful /

•

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

adjecitve
Having control or influence over
Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

cpu

US / ˌsiː piː ˈjuː /

•

UK / ˌsiː piː ˈjuː /

abbreviation
CPU is an acronym

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

ceo

US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

•

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

abbreviation
CEO for Chief Operating Officer

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

limitation

US / ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɪmɪˈteʃən /

noun
Act of controlling or reducing the size of

equal

US / 'i:kwəl /

•

UK / ˈikwəl /

adjecitve
Same in shape, size, or number
verb
To add up or be the same as

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

pillar

US / ˈpɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪlɚ /

noun
Tall strong post that supports a building
Person in a group who is important or respected
Very important or essential idea or belief

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

sequential

US / sɪˈkwenʃl /

•

UK / sɪˈkwɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Arranged or occurring in a certain order or series

stock

US / stɒk /

•

UK / stɑk /

adjecitve
(E.g. of a response) standard; usual; not original
noun
Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
Tasty liquid added to stews, soups etc.
Merchandise; goods kept by a business for sale
Piece of a business, bought in the form of shares
verb
To keep some of, as items for sale

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

invention

US / ɪnˈvenʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛnʃən /

noun
Something new that is different from other things
Power or ability to create new things
Process of creating a new device or idea

packet

US / ˈpækɪt /

•

UK / ˈpækɪt /

noun
Small, thin container that holds something
Computer data controlling the flow of data
Group of papers with relevant information

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

google

US / 'ɡu:ɡl /

•

UK / 'ɡu:ɡl /

noun
A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important
other
Search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine

compression

US / kəm'preʃn /

•

UK / kəmˈprɛʃən /

noun
Act of reducing something in time, size, quantity

konrad

US / kəʊn /

•

UK / koʊn /

nintendo

US / ˌnɪnˈtɛndəʊ /

•

UK / nɪnˈtɛndoʊ /

noun
A trademark for: a range of computer games played on a games console.

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

ram

US / ræm /

•

UK / ræm /

noun
Heavy device used to break through a door by force
Male sheep
verb
To hit something hard with another object
To push something forcefully into place

signal

US / 'sɪɡnəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪɡnəl /

adjecitve
Most important or most noticeable
noun
Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
Act/sound that tells people to do/start something
Road-side lights that direct traffic to go or stop
Sound and light waves carrying TV and radio data
verb
To be evidence/an indication something will happen
To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

US / rɪ'leɪtɪd /

•

UK / rɪˈletɪd /

adjecitve
Connected to; in association with
verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

von

US / vɒn /

•

UK / vɑːn /

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

versatile

US / ˈvə:sətail /

•

UK / ˈvɚsətəl, -ˌtaɪl /

adjecitve
Having many uses or skills

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

javascript

US / ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt /

•

UK / ˈdʒɑvəˌskrɪpt /

noun
An object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive effects within

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

register

US / 'redʒɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛdʒɪstɚ /

noun
Till; machine used add up things you buy
Range of notes of a person's (singing) voice
verb
To record your name on an official list; sign up
To show an amount on a measurement device
(Of feelings) to show or make visible

Subtitles section

In faraway lands, slaves dig the earth for beautiful gems called quartz, which contain silicon dioxide.

Alchemists, or chemical engineers, then refine and cook them into silicon substrate, a material that can be doped to act as both a conductor and insulator.

Shamans, also known as electrical engineers, then inscribe billions of microscopic symbols on them that can't be seen with the naked eye.

When lightning passes through them, they can speak the incomprehensible language of binary.

Highly trained wizards called software engineers can learn this language to build powerful machines that create illusions.

These illusions can then control the way people think and act in the real world.

In today's illusion, I will harness this magic to pull back the veil on the almighty computer by looking at four different ways computers actually compute things at the hardware level.

Because to poot, a computer needs a PU, like a CPU, GPU, TPU, or a DPU.

The last 100 years have been crazy.

The first truly programmable computer was the Z1, which was created by Konrad Zuse in 1936 in his mom's basement.

But then it got blown up in 1943 during the bombardment of Berlin.

It's entirely mechanical with over 20,000 parts.

It represents binary data with sliding metal sheets.

It could do things like Boolean algebra and floating point numbers, and had a clock rate of 1 Hz, which means it could execute one instruction per second.

To put that in perspective, modern CPUs are measured in gigahertz, or billions of cycles per second.

Over the next 10 years, people thought really hard about how computers should actually work.

And in 1945, we got the von Neumann architecture, which is still used in modern chips today.

It's the foundational design that describes how data and instructions are stored in the same memory space, then handled by a processing unit.

A couple years later, there is a huge breakthrough with the invention of the transistor, which is a semiconductor that can amplify or switch electrical signals.

Like, a transistor could represent a 1 if current passes through it, or a 0 if current doesn't pass through it.

This was a hugely forward, then in 1958, the integrated circuit was developed, allowing multiple transistors to be placed on a single silicon chip.

Then finally, in 1971, Intel released the first commercially available microprocessor that had all the features you know and love from a modern CPU.

It was a 4-bit processor, meaning it could handle 4 bits of data at a time, with approximately 2,300 transistors.

The clock speed was 740 kHz, which was extremely fast at the time.

CPUs are pretty complicated, and if you really want to learn how they work, I'd highly recommend reading CPU.land, which does an amazing job of breaking down how they actually execute programs.

It's totally free, and was written by high schoolers Lexi Matic and Hack Club, but what I want to focus on is what they're actually used for, so we can compare them to the other PUs.

Like its name implies, the central processing unit is like the brain of a computer.

It runs the operating system, executes programs, and manages hardware.

It has access to the system's RAM, and includes a hierarchy of caches on the chip itself for faster data retrieval.

A CPU is optimized for sequential computations that require extensive branching and logic, like imagine some navigation software that needs to run an algorithm to compute the shortest possible route between two points.

The algorithm may have a lot of conditional logic, like if-else statements, that can only be computed one by one, or sequentially.

A CPU is optimized for this type of work.

Now, modern CPUs also have multiple cores, which allows them to do work in parallel, which allows you to use multiple applications on your PC at the same time, and programmers can write code that does multithreading to utilize the cores on your machine to run code in parallel.

Check out this video on my second channel if you want to learn how to do that in JavaScript.

Now, to make a computer faster, one might think we could just add more and more CPU cores.

The reality, though, is that CPU cores are expensive.

As the cores scale up, so does power consumption and the heat dissipation requirements.

It becomes a matter of diminishing returns, and the extra complexity is just not worth it.

At the time of this video, 24 cores is typically the upper limit of higher-end chips, like Apple's M.2 Ultra and Intel's i9, but there are massive chips like the 128-core AMD Epyc designed for data centers.

Now, when it comes to CPUs, there are multiple different architectures out there, and that's a big deal if you're doing low-level systems programming, but every developer should be familiar with ARM and x86.

64-bit x86 is what you'll find on most modern desktop computers, while ARM is what you'll find on mobile devices, because it has a more simplified instruction set and better power efficiency, which means better battery life.

However, this distinction has been changing over the last few years thanks to the Apple Silicon chips, which have proven that the ARM architecture can also work for high-performance computing on laptops and desktops,

And even Microsoft is investing in running Windows with ARM.

In addition, ARM is becoming more and more popular with cloud providers, like the Neoverse chip or Amazon's Graviton3, which allows the cloud to compute more stuff with less power consumption, which is one of the biggest expenses in a data center.

But at some point, we've all hit the limitations of a CPU.

Like when I try to run pirated Nintendo 64 games on my Raspberry Pi, it lags like crazy.

That's because a lot of computation is required to calculate the appearance of all the lights and shadows in a game on demand.

Well, that's where the GPU comes in.

A graphics processing unit, or graphics card, is highly optimized for parallel computing.

Unlike a CPU with a measly 16 cores, Nvidia's RTX 4080 has nearly 10,000 cores.

Each one of these cores can handle a floating point or integer computation per cycle, and that allows games to perform tons of linear algebra in parallel to render graphics instantly every time you push a button on your controller.

GPUs are also essential for training deep learning models that perform tons of matrix multiplication on large data sets.

This has led to massive demand in the GPU market, and Nvidia's stock price recently landed on the moon.

So he says, okay, give me $200.

I gave him $200.

And for $200,

I bought 15%, I think it was 20% of Nvidia.

If GPUs have so many cores, why not just use a GPU over a CPU for everything?

The short answer is that not all cores are created equal.

A single CPU core is far faster than a single GPU core, and its architecture can handle complex logic and branching, whereas a GPU is only designed for simple computations.

Most of the code out in the world can't take advantage of parallel computing, and needs to run sequentially with a single thread.

A CPU is like a Toyota Camry.

It's extremely versatile, but can't take you to the moon.

A GPU is more like a rocket ship.

It's really fast when you want to go in a straight line, but not really ideal for going to pick up your groceries.

As the name implies, GPUs were originally designed for graphics, but nowadays everybody wants them to train an AI that can overthrow the government.

But there's actually hardware designed for that use case, called the TPU, or Tensor Processing Unit.

These chips are very similar to GPUs, but designed specifically for tensor operations, like the matrix multiplication required for deep learning.

They were developed by Google in 2016 to integrate directly with its TensorFlow software.

A TPU contains thousands of these things called multiply accumulators that allows the hardware to perform matrix multiplication without the need to access registers or shared memory like a GPU would.

And if you have a neural network that's going to take weeks or months to train, a TPU could save you millions of dollars.

That's pretty cool, but that brings us to the newest type of PU, the DPU, or Data Processing Unit.

The CEO of Nvidia described it as the third major pillar of computing going forward.

But you'll likely never use one in your own computer, because they're designed specifically for big data centers.

They're most like a CPU and typically based on the ARM architecture, but are highly optimized for moving data around.

They handle networking functions like packet processing, routing, and security, and also deal with data storage like compression and encryption.

The main goal is to relieve the CPU from any data processing jobs, so it can focus on living its best life by doing general purpose computing.

And with that, we've looked at four different ways a computer computes.

But there's one more wildcard that we might get to experience in our lifetime, and that's the QPU, or Quantum Processing Unit.

All the chips we've looked at so far deal in bits, ones and zeros.

But quantum computers deal in qubits, or quantum bits that can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously.

Now, a qubit can represent multiple possibilities at once, but when measured, it collapses into one of the possible states based on probability.

These qubits are subject to quantum entanglement, which means the state of one is directly related to another, no matter the distance between them.

These properties are used together to create quantum gates, which are like logic gates in regular computers, but work in entirely different ways that I'm too stupid to understand.

What I do understand is that if this technology ever gets good, it will completely change the world.

Currently, cryptographic systems like RSA are underpinned by the fact that classical algorithms used for factorization would take billions of years to crack with brute force, even with the best computers of today.

But quantum computers will be able to run different algorithms, like Shor's algorithm, that's exponentially faster at factorization, and thus poses a major threat to modern encryption and security.

Luckily, there's no quantum computer today that can run this algorithm, and even if there were, they sure as hell wouldn't be telling you and me about it.