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The Surprising Benefits of the RHODIOLA Herb for Exercise Endurance

Video vocabulary

body

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US / ˈbɒd.i /

UK / ˈbɑdi /

A1
  • noun
  • An object distinct from other objects
  • A group of people involved in an activity together
  • Main part of something
  • A person's physical self

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

efficient

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US / ɪˈfɪʃnt /

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to produce results without waste

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

russian

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US / ˈrʌʃn /

UK / ˈrʌʃn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Russia
  • noun
  • Person from Russia

adapt

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US / ə'dæpt /

UK / əˈdæpt /

B1
  • verb
  • To change something for a different function
  • To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

cetera

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US / ˈsetərə /

UK / ˈsetərə /

A1
  • other

equally

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US / ˈi:kwəli /

UK / ˈiːkwəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an equal, even, or identical manner

intense

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US / ɪn'tens /

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very strong, great or extreme in degree

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

radar

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US / ˈreɪdɑ:(r) /

UK / ˈredɑr /

B2
  • noun
  • Radio device used to find the location of objects

apparently

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US / əˈpærəntli /

UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • According to what you heard; from what can be seen

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

physical

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US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the body of a person
  • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
  • noun
  • Health check at the doctors' or hospital

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

natural

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US / ˈnætʃərəl /

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • Not made by humans; without human intervention

person

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US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

rate

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US / reɪt /

UK / ret /

A1
  • noun
  • Current price or cost of something
  • Speed or frequency of events over time
  • verb
  • To assess something or consider its qualities

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

depression

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US / dɪ'preʃn /

UK / dɪˈprɛʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Medical condition of a lack of vitality
  • Period of unemployment and low economic activity

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

stress

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US / stres /

UK / strɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
  • Pressure on something or someone
  • A state of mental tension, worry due to problems
  • verb
  • To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
  • To put pressure on something or someone
  • To say your opinion strongly
  • To be in a state of mental tension due to problems

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

awake

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US / əˈweɪk /

UK / əˈwek /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not asleep; up; alert
  • verb
  • To make aware of (a certain feeling or memory)
  • To wake from sleep; wake someone from sleep

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

tremendous

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US / trəˈmendəs /

UK / trɪˈmɛndəs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very good or very impressive

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

anti

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US / 'æntɪ /

UK / ˈæntaɪ, -ti /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • A prefix meaning 'against' or 'opposed'

wavelength

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US / 'weɪvleŋθ /

UK / ˈwevˌlɛŋkθ, -ˌlɛŋθ /

C1
  • noun
  • To have similar feelings
  • The size of a wave

mind

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US / maɪnd /

UK / maɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • One's opinion or way of thinking about something
  • Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
  • verb
  • To be bothered or upset by something
  • To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

pad

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US / pæd /

UK / pæd /

B1
  • noun
  • Object that is thin, flat, and usually soft
  • Soft section on the bottom of some animals' feet
  • Set of sheets of paper that are glued together
  • verb
  • To put soft material in to provide comfort
  • To take money dishonestly by adding extra charges
  • To walk quietly

page

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US / peɪdʒ /

UK / pedʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • One side of a sheet of paper
  • (Olden times) boy servant of a king or queen
  • Screen of information on an online service
  • verb
  • To call for someone via a phone or speaker

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

parasympathetic

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US / ˌpærəˌsɪmpə'θetɪk /

UK / ˌpærəˌsɪmpə'θetɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the parasympathetic nervous system

tired

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US / ˈtaɪəd /

UK / ˈtaɪərd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Without energy so you want to rest or fall asleep
  • verb
  • To lose, cause to lose energy so you want to rest

weak

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not having a strong character
  • Less valuable compared to money of other countries
  • Ineffective; unconvincing; not strong
  • Having little power or ability
  • Not having the necessary or proper amount
  • Having little power; not strong; easy to break
  • (Of a drink) having lots of water and little taste

datum

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US / ˈdeɪtəm /

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Item of factual information

muscle

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US / 'mʌsl /

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical power
  • Body tissue that moves parts of the body
  • verb
  • To use or muscles of force to get what you want

recently

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US / ˈri:sntli /

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just a while ago; not long ago

store

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US / stɔ:(r) /

UK / stɔr, stor /

A2
  • noun
  • Place where things are kept for future use
  • Place where you can go to buy things
  • verb
  • To put things in a place for later use

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

pedal

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US / ˈpedl /

UK / ˈpɛdl /

B1
  • noun
  • Lever worked by the foot, e.g. the brakes of a car

tank

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US / tæŋk /

UK / tæŋk /

B1
  • noun
  • Container for holding liquid or gas
  • Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
  • verb
  • To fail completely or badly
  • To deliberately lose a game or contest

exercise

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US / 'eksəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical activity to increase health and strength
  • Set of questions in a text book
  • verb
  • To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • To retain your ability or practice your skills

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

information

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US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Collection of facts and details about something

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

mechanism

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US / 'mekənɪzəm /

UK / ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • System or process for achieving a certain result

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

machine

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US / mə'ʃi:n /

UK / məˈʃin /

A1
  • noun
  • Piece of equipment used to do work
  • Powerful group who control and organize things
  • verb
  • To shape, work on something, using a device

atp

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US / ˌeɪ tiː ˈpi /

UK / ˌeɪ tiː ˈpi /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • ATP is an acronym

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

attention

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US / əˈtenʃn /

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Taking notice of someone or something
  • (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

placebo

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US / plə'si:bəʊ /

UK / pləˈsibo /

B2
  • noun
  • Harmless pill for comparison in trial of new drug

device

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US / dɪˈvaɪs /

UK / dɪˈvaɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
  • Method of doing something; a way

download

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US / 'daʊnləʊd /

UK / ˈdaʊnˌlod /

A2
  • noun
  • Transfer of data from the internet to a computer
  • verb
  • To transfer data from a computer or the internet

damage

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US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical harm that is done to something
  • verb
  • To harm physically; to hurt or break something

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

mountain

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US / 'maʊntən /

UK / ˈmaʊntən /

A1
  • noun
  • Very high piece of land, higher than a hill

sleep

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US / sli:p /

UK / slip /

A1
  • noun
  • Substance in a person's eyes after waking up
  • Period of time during which a person is asleep
  • verb
  • To have enough beds for
  • To rest your body in bed, as at night time

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

angina

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US / ænˈdʒaɪnə /

UK / ænˈdʒaɪnə, ˈændʒə- /

C1
  • noun
  • Heart condition due to reduced oxygen to the heart

lethargy

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US / ˈleθədʒi /

UK / ˈleθərdʒi /

C1
  • noun
  • Little energy or interest in doing things

paper

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US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
  • Made from the material that we use to make books
  • noun
  • Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
  • Written test
  • Newspaper
  • Pages of a book are made from this

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

heart

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US / hɑ:t /

UK / hɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • A feeling of care for others; compassion
  • Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
  • Be cheerfully encouraging
  • Most essential, important, or central part
  • Referring to a promise or something important
  • State or feelings of affection or deep love
  • Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
  • The part of the body that pumps blood
  • Place where emotions are believed to be felt
  • A shape that represents love

symptom

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US / 'sɪmptəm /

UK / ˈsɪmtəm, ˈsɪmp- /

B1
  • noun
  • Sign that suggests that there is a problem

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

medicine

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US / ˈmedsn /

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Something used in treating illness or pain
  • Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

altitude

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US / 'æltɪtju:d /

UK / ˈæltɪˌtud,-ˌtjud /

B2
  • noun
  • Height of something above sea level

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

folk

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US / fəʊk /

UK / fok /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
  • noun
  • Ordinary common people

hypoxic

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US / haɪˈpɒksɪk /

UK / /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Denoting or characterized by hypoxia

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

sort

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US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

summary

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US / ˈsʌməri /

UK / ˈsʌməri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Brief, complete and accurate
  • noun
  • Shorter statement of the most important parts

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

regulate

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US / ˈregjuleɪt /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌlet /

A2
  • verb
  • To control something with rules or laws
  • To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

somehow

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US / ˈsʌmhaʊ /

UK / ˈsʌmˌhaʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is not known or certain

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

cramp

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US / kræmp /

UK / kræmp /

B2
  • noun
  • Sharp, unexpected pain when a muscle becomes tight
  • verb
  • To get a sudden sharp pain when muscle tightens
  • To stop something from developing freely

develop

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US / dɪ'veləp /

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

A1
  • verb
  • To explain something in steps and in detail
  • To create or think of something
  • To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
  • To make a photograph from film

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

someone

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US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person who is not known or named

rem

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US / ˌɑ:ri:'em /

UK / ˌɑ:ri:'em /

A1
  • noun
  • (Roentgen Equivalent Man) the dosage of ionizing radiation that will cause the same amount of injury
  • other
  • Rapid eye movement

army

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US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

UK / ˈɑrmi /

A2
  • noun
  • Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

currency

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US / 'kʌrənsɪ /

UK / ˈkɚrənsi, ˈkʌr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Widespread acceptance
  • Money system that a country uses

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

quick

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US / kwɪk /

UK / kwɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Using very little time; moving far in little time
  • Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

performance

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US / pə'fɔ:məns /

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of doing something
  • Activity done to entertain an audience

tool

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US / tu:l /

UK / tul /

A2
  • noun
  • Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
  • verb
  • To provide a workshop with the right equipment

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

release

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US / rɪ'li:s /

UK / rɪ'li:s /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
  • Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
  • Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
  • Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
  • verb
  • To free someone from a responsibility or burden
  • To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
  • To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
  • To let go of something you are holding

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

name

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US / neɪm /

UK / nem /

A1
  • noun
  • What something or someone is called
  • verb
  • To state what someone is called, e.g. John

soldier

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US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person working in an army to fight

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

variability

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US / ˌveəriəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌvɛrɪəˈbɪlətɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • (Statistics) degree scores depart from the mean

asleep

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US / əˈsli:p /

UK / əˈslip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a state of sleep; sleeping

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

autonomic

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US / ˌɔ:tə'nɒmɪk /

UK / ˌɔ:tə'nɒmɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of nervous system) involuntary or unconscious

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2
  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
  • To make something smaller in size, amount, level

trick

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US / trɪk /

UK / trɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not reliable; likely to deceive you
  • noun
  • Act of trying to fool someone
  • Quick or skillful way of doing something
  • Something done to make someone laugh
  • verb
  • To fool someone in order to obtain a result
  • To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

dive

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US / daɪv /

UK / daɪv /

B1
  • noun
  • Restaurant, bar or club with a bad reputation
  • Rapid fall through air
  • A jump into water head-first from a high place
  • Rapid fall in the value or price of something
  • verb
  • To swim deep under water with an air supply
  • To rapid fall through air
  • To jump into water head-first
  • (Of prices) to rapidly fall

effort

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US / ˈefət /

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of work used trying to do something

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

pain

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US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

significantly

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is important or noticeable
  • In a way that is meaningful

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

remedy

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US / 'remədɪ /

UK / ˈrɛmɪdi,'rɛmədɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Way to solve or fix a problem
  • Treatment that relieves pain or cures illness
  • verb
  • To solve or correct a problem

thorough

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US / ˈθʌrə /

UK / ˈθɚro, ˈθʌro /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Done completely; with great attention to detail

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

sometimes

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US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only at certain times; occasionally

cognitive

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US / ˈkɒgnətɪv /

UK / ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • The process of knowing and remembering

counter

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US / 'kaʊntə(r) /

UK / ˈkaʊntɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • A point in a discussion that puts an opposite view
  • A narrow table top for serving/preparing food
  • Person or device that adds the number of things
  • A token or flat piece used in games
  • prefix
  • Being opposite or against something
  • verb
  • To say or do something in opposition or resistance
  • To try to prevent, as by making a different point

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

light

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US / laɪt /

UK / laɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
  • Being pale and lacking darkness of color
  • Not heavy; weighing only a little
  • adverb
  • Carrying few bags when traveling
  • noun
  • A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
  • Way in which something or someone is understood
  • verb
  • To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
  • To provide a way to see ahead

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

brake

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US / breɪk /

UK / brek /

A2
  • noun
  • Mechanism on car, train, bike to make it slow down
  • verb
  • To stop or slow down a car when driving

anyway

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US / ˈeniweɪ /

UK / ˈɛniˌwe /

A1
  • adverb
  • A word used to change the topic of a conversation

consumption

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US / kənˈsʌmpʃn /

UK / kənˈsʌmpʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • The act of buying and using products
  • The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
  • A serious disease of the lungs

score

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US / skɔ:(r) /

UK / skɔr, skor /

A2
  • noun
  • A sharp mark or cut in the surface of something
  • Current number of points given in a game, contest
  • The written notes and parts of a piece of music
  • An achievement of success
  • Number of points on a test
  • verb
  • To mark or cut something with a sharp object
  • To get or give points in a game, contest, or test
  • To achieve success with something
  • To get points in a test

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

necessarily

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US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

flight

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US / flaɪt /

UK / flaɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of leaving a place, usually to escape danger
  • Trip by plane, helicopter etc.

generate

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US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

A2
  • verb
  • To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • To create electricity, heat, energy and power

graph

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US / græf /

UK / ɡræf /

A2
  • noun
  • Image expressing numerical data in lines or shapes
  • verb
  • To show data using images

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

situation

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US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Place, position or area that something is in
  • Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
  • An unexpected problem or difficulty

amazing

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US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising in a pleasing way
  • verb
  • To cause wonder; to surprise completely

climb

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US / klaɪm /

UK / klaɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
  • Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
  • verb
  • To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
  • To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

improvement

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US / ɪmˈpru:vmənt /

UK / ɪmˈpruvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Addition or change that makes something better

soon

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US / su:n /

UK / sun /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time not long from now

cortisol

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US / 'kɔ:tɪsɒl /

UK / 'kɔ:tɪsɒl /

A1
  • noun
  • Adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and prote

efficiently

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US / ɪ'fɪʃntlɪ /

UK / ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that does not create waste

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

positive

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US / ˈpɒzətɪv /

UK / ˈpɑzɪtɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Showing agreement or support for something
  • Being sure about something; knowing the truth
  • Having the charge produced by electrons
  • Being good or useful
  • Showing that a chemical is present in a test

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

cycle

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US / ˈsaɪkl /

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Series of regular and repeated actions
  • Bicycle, bike
  • verb
  • To go through a series of events repeatedly
  • To ride on a bicycle

gland

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US / ɡlænd /

UK / ɡlænd /

B2
  • noun
  • Organ that produces substances for the body to use

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

recover

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US / rɪ'kʌvə(r) /

UK / rɪ'kʌvər /

A2
  • verb
  • To return to a prior normal condition
  • To get back something that was lost

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

technology

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US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

decrease

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US / dɪˈkri:s /

UK / dɪˈkris /

B1
  • noun
  • Amount by which something has been reduced
  • verb
  • To reduce the size, amount or number of something

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

fight

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US / faɪt /

UK / faɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • An argument or quarrel
  • Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
  • A struggle to do a difficult task
  • verb
  • To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • To try to hurt someone by hitting them
  • To struggle to do a difficult task

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

prominent

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US / ˈprɒmɪnənt /

UK / ˈprɑmənənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being important or well known
  • Being easily noticeable
  • Sticking out beyond something

severity

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US / sɪ'verətɪ /

UK / səˈvɛrɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Degree of seriousness of an event or situation

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

enough

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US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
  • Adequate number or amount

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

oxygen

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US / 'ɒksɪdʒən /

UK / ˈɑksɪdʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • A gas in the air that we need to breathe

require

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US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

rejuvenate

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US / rɪ'dʒu:vəneɪt /

UK / rɪˈdʒuvəˌnet /

C1
  • verb
  • To make someone or something healthy/young again
  • To strengthen or improve something
  • To make someone look or feel younger

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

shut

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US / ʃʌt /

UK / ʃʌt /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop being open for business
  • To close something, e.g. a door

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

endurance

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US / ɪn'djʊərəns /

UK / ɛnˈdʊrəns, -ˈdjʊr- /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality of lasting or of being permanent
  • Ability to continue through difficulty

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tissue

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US / ˈtɪʃu: /

UK / ˈtɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
  • Thin soft paper for blowing the nose, etc.

aware

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US / əˈwɛə /

UK / əˈwɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Knowing or feeling that something exists

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

glycogen

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US / 'glɪkəʊdʒen /

UK / 'glaɪkoʊdʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • One form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose wh

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

lack

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US / læk /

UK / læk /

A2
  • noun
  • The state of not having or not having enough of
  • A shortage of something
  • verb
  • To not have, or not have enough, of something

mainly

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US / ˈmeɪnli /

UK / ˈmenli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Mostly; usually; being the largest part

similar

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US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

cough

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US / kɒf /

UK / kɔ:f /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of pushing out air from your body suddenly
  • verb
  • To suddenly expel air from the lungs

fascinating

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US / ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ /

UK / ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having your attention fixated as though by a spell
  • Very interesting
  • verb
  • To attract or interest greatly

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

headfirst

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US / 'hedf'ɜ:st /

UK / ˈhɛdˈfɚst /

A1
  • other
  • With the head foremost

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

fatigue

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US / fəˈti:g /

UK / fəˈtiɡ /

B2
  • noun
  • Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
  • Being very tired
  • verb
  • To cause someone or something to become very tired

student

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US / ˈstju:dnt /

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

A1
  • noun
  • Person studying at school

sick

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US / sɪk /

UK / sɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a physical or mental illness
  • Morally wrong; perverted

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

ability

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US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • The power, resources or skill to do something

automatic

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US / ˌɔ:tə'mætɪk /

UK / ˌɔtəˈmætɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done without conscious thought
  • Operating by itself, without an operator
  • noun
  • Car that is able to change gears by itself

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

especially

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US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • More than usual; extremely

research

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
  • Work done to find or discover knowledge
  • verb
  • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

compare

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US / kəm'peə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

A1
  • verb
  • To consider how similar and different things are

hypoxia

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US / haɪˈpɒksiə /

UK / haɪˈpɑːksiə /

A1
  • noun
  • Oxygen deficiency causing a very strong drive to correct the deficiency

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

carry

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US / ˈkæri /

UK / ˈkæri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have a child, be pregnant
  • To have a disease you might give to others
  • (Of stores) to sell a particular product
  • To hold something and move it to another place
  • To travel a long distance (sound)
  • To support the weight or burden of something

dream

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US / dri:m /

UK / drim /

A1
  • noun
  • A wish or hope for something to happen
  • Imagination or image of something you want
  • Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
  • verb
  • To wish for something to happen
  • To experience thoughts, images while asleep

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

adaptation

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US / ˌædæpˈteɪʃn /

UK / ˌædæpˈteʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Music, movie or play, changed to a new form
  • Changing to a new form; thing that is changed

calm

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US / kɑ:m /

UK / kɑm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
  • Relaxed and not worried or angry
  • verb
  • To make or become relaxed and not worried or angry

fuel

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US / 'fju:əl /

UK / ˈfjuəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Material used to produce heat or power when burned
  • verb
  • To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
  • To provide gas or petrol for something

transportation

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US / ˌtrænspɔ:ˈteɪʃn /

UK / ˌtrænspɔ:rˈteɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of moving people or goods between places

significant

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
  • Having meaning; important; noticeable
  • (Statistics) being clearly different

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

herb

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US / hɜ:b /

UK / ɜ:rb /

B1
  • noun
  • Small leafy plant used in medicines or food

perception

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US / pəˈsepʃn /

UK / pɚˈsɛpʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Way in which one sees or understands something

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

scale

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US / skeɪl /

UK / skel /

A2
  • noun
  • Size, level, or amount when compared
  • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
  • Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
  • Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
  • Dimensions or size of something
  • verb
  • To change the size of but keep the proportions
  • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
  • To remove the scales of a fish

measure

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US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Plan to achieve a desired result
  • Tool used to calculate the size of something
  • verb
  • To determine the value or importance of something
  • To calculate size, weight or temperature of

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

perceive

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US / pə'si:v /

UK / pɚˈsiv /

B1
  • verb
  • To notice or become aware of something
  • To think of someone or something in a certain way

organ

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US / 'ɔ:ɡən /

UK / ˈɔrɡən /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a person's body with a particular function
  • Large institution or body
  • Large wind instrument similar to a piano

recovery

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US / rɪˈkʌvəri /

UK / rɪˈkʌvəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of returning to a former (good) state
  • Act of getting back something that was lost

sickness

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US / ˈsɪknəs /

UK / ˈsɪknɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • State of illness or poor health

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

towards

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US / tə'wɔ:dz /

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the direction of someone or something

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The rhodiola herb, also known as an adaptogen, has been gaining attention for its surprising benefits in exercise endurance. Adaptogens are herbs that help the body adapt to stress, and rhodiola is one of the most interesting ones. One particular effect of rhodiola that caught my attention is its ability to significantly reduce perceived effort after exercise. This means that it tricks your mind into thinking that you're not tired, allowing you to push yourself further. But does this mean that pushing yourself further would actually have a negative impact on your physical performance? In order to better understand this, I delved deep into the research and found some fascinating information. Rhodiola is known for its anti-stress properties, as well as its effects on coughing, fatigue, and depression, especially if the depression is characterized by lethargy. Additionally, it has been shown to enhance endurance during exercise. A study comparing rhodiola to a placebo revealed that after taking rhodiola, participants experienced less fatigue and higher energy levels after exercise compared to those who took the placebo. This finding is quite significant and raises the question of why rhodiola has such a positive impact on exercise endurance. Further exploration into this topic will be covered in the following sections.
  • Subtitles section
  • Recently, I was doing some research on certain adaptogens.
  • Those are herbs that help you adapt to stress.
  • I did a thorough deep dive on ashwagandha, which is an amazing herb, but there's another herb that's equally interesting, especially for a certain effect that it can create that I really didn't understand until I really dove headfirst into it.
  • This herb is called rhodiola.
  • Rhodiola is an adaptogen.
  • It has this really interesting effect that I was just questioning.
  • And that is this, it can help significantly reduce perceived effort after exercise.
  • So basically, does it trick your mind into thinking that you're not tired, so you can go longer?
  • And if you kept going, would you actually get worse?
  • physically.
  • So that just didn't make sense to me.
  • So I'm going to show you what I found about it, which is going to be very interesting.
  • Now, just so you know, rhodiola being an adaptogen, it's anti stress, it has an anti coughing effect, it can help you if you cough.
  • It's anti fatigue, anti depression.
  • especially if that depression is more lethargy, but it can really improve one's endurance with exercise.
  • So let me just first show you this one graph right here.
  • This is part of the study, and I will put a link down below.
  • They're comparing rhodiola to a placebo.
  • And what you're looking at right here is just a numbered scale on
  • perceived effort, how much effort a person felt when they were exercising.
  • And so right here was after they were comparing the rhodiola to the placebo after just taking it, not exercising.
  • And there was some improvement.
  • But look what happened after exercise.
  • People had more energy, less fatigue than the placebo.
  • And this was very significant.
  • And that got my attention because I'm like, why would it do that?
  • Take a look at this.
  • we have the flight or fight mechanism, and then we have the recovery mechanism.
  • The names for this, if we're looking at the autonomic nervous system, that system that works on automatic, that kind of regulates all the body functions, including your heart and glands and everything, is made up of the sympathetic nervous system.
  • It's like your adaptation to stress.
  • And then once you go through the stress, and then you have to recovery.
  • And so both of these things can be measured on a device that I'm going to be releasing more information about that soon.
  • But I just wanted to let you know that
  • it is possible to measure what's going on.
  • This would be like the gas pedal, and this is like the brake pad.
  • But the problem is sometimes when we're stressed or we have body problems, we don't really know, do I have too much gas pedal?
  • Do I have too much stress?
  • Or is it just I don't have enough recovery?
  • Well, this device allows you to look at each one to measure it.
  • Because even right here, if your recovery is weak,
  • And this is sleep cycles, right?
  • We go through these four sleep cycles right here from a deep sleep to a light sleep, deep sleep, light sleep.
  • The lighter sleep is called the REM sleep.
  • And that is where you dream and you remember your dreams, but the wavelengths are similar to being awake, okay?
  • But you're actually asleep.
  • So that's the REM.
  • And you can see the REM gets longer towards the second half of sleep.
  • And that's controlled mainly by the sympathetic nervous system.
  • but the deeper sleep is controlled by the parasympathetic.
  • And so that's way more important in rejuvenating your body, okay?
  • Because it allows you to recover the physical damage that was created from the exercise or whatever you're doing.
  • And one quick way to know that you have a good parasympathetic is how fast can you go to sleep?
  • Can you go to sleep really fast?
  • You can just go right into this deep sleep, or does it take a while to get to sleep?
  • Because this recovery thing is pushing you down into the deeper sleep.
  • And the reason I'm talking about this is rhodiola has a really positive effect on your sleep.
  • It helps you sleep, especially this non REM sleep.
  • In fact, one study I found was that your body required less sleep to get rejuvenated, and that was even more interesting.
  • Now, I did find three research papers that showed taking rhodiola can improve something called heart rate variability, which is basically the technology of measuring the autonomic nervous system.
  • And so now it's starting to make sense.
  • Okay, so that's why someone can go longer, because you're improving
  • the ability to adapt and recover.
  • Of course, you're going to have more endurance.
  • So what's happening, it's not that your body's just reducing the perception of effort, it's actually making things more efficient.
  • Because I found other research that shows that rhodiola increases glycogen reserves, that's like stored fuel, especially for intense exercise, and even an increase in ATP, which is the energy currency of the body.
  • Now, I'm going to put this research down below, but there's some fascinating data showing how rhodiola is a prominent anti altitude sickness remedy.
  • Okay, what does that mean?
  • This means that it can help someone that is climbing mountains that then gets sick because of this high altitude situation, because the oxygen at the high altitudes is less, and people basically can get sick from that if they can't adapt to that.
  • But apparently, this is a well known remedy for people who do mountain climbing, which is very interesting.
  • So how does that work?
  • I mean, how does rhodiola help that?
  • And this is what they found.
  • It decreases oxygen consumption.
  • as well as increasing oxygen transportation.
  • That doesn't mean it shuts down oxygen.
  • It basically makes oxygen more efficient to help make ATP, the energy currency of the body, as well as its ability or capacity to carry oxygen to certain things.
  • It can decrease tissue and organ damage from hypoxia.
  • All right, what's hypoxia?
  • Well, that's basically a lack of oxygen.
  • Think about what happens when you do these massive climbs, right?
  • There's lack of oxygen, so you're going to develop all sorts of hypoxic symptoms.
  • like altitude sickness, et cetera.
  • So it puts a tremendous stress on the body.
  • So rhodiola counters the damage from hypoxia and it just allows oxygen to work better in your body, which makes a lot of sense because what stops you from doing a longer exercise?
  • Well, eventually you could run out of oxygen and your muscles cramp up.
  • So rhodiola is not just tricking your brain to perceive less effort, it's actually giving more endurance by making the machine, the recovery machine, the energy machine, the oxygen machine, just to work more efficiently.
  • It's like giving you more gas in the tank, more recovery reserve in the tank, which makes a lot of sense because now we don't have the severity of damage from this hypoxia that we had
  • if you didn't take it.
  • Even students take it to have a more cognitive function, yet at the same time be calm.
  • So it's really interesting about these adaptogens because they help you adapt if you have too much stress or not enough recovery.
  • So you don't necessarily have to use them for one situation.
  • I mean, rhodiola is considered like folk medicine, right?
  • And it's been around for a thousand years.
  • The Russian army would use it
  • for their soldiers when they got fatigued.
  • And the other two papers that I was looking at both improved the heart rate variability score, which is a very important thing, as well as improving angina pains.
  • Now, what is angina?
  • That's when your heart cramps, right?
  • Why?
  • Because of lack of oxygen.
  • So apparently, rhodiola somehow
  • improves the oxygen in the muscle.
  • And then the last study showed improvement in the heart muscle after exercise.
  • So when you exercise and you damage the heart muscle, rhodiola can help counter some of that damage from the hypoxia that's generated.
  • So anyway, I wanted to put this on your radar, so you're aware of it, so you have another tool to use to improve your exercise performance.
  • Also, if you want to download my one page summary of the Twenty Five Natural Ways to Lower Cortisol, I'll put that link down below.
  • you