Channel

Animation and Film

Autos and Vehicles

Music Videos

Pets and Animals

Sports

Travel & Events

Gaming

People and Blogs

Comedy

Entertainment

News and Politics

How to And Style

Education

Science And Technology

NonProfit & Activism

Others

Subtitles section

No translation

x 1.0

	Shortcuts	Functions
1	Space	Pause/Play video
2	Right arrow	Next subtitle
3	Left arrow	Previous subtitle
4	r	Repeat sentence

Doctor Answers Blood Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED

Original YouTube Video | WIRED Published on 2023-10-12 Level：99 Speed：77 maxwordlevel：19

#science

Video vocabulary

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

leukaemia

US / luːˈkiːmiə /

•

UK / luːˈkiːmiə /

noun
Blood cancer in which white blood cells increase

oxygen

US / 'ɒksɪdʒən /

•

UK / ˈɑksɪdʒən /

noun
A gas in the air that we need to breathe

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

sensitive

US / 'sensətɪv /

•

UK / ˈsɛnsɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
(Private information) needing careful treatment
Concerning awareness of small differences
Able to recognize the feelings of others
Responsive to physical touch
Becoming unstable

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

variation

US / ˌveəriˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌvɛriˈeʃən, ˈvær- /

noun
Something almost the same as another but different
Music played with a different tune from another

mercury

US / ˈmɜ:kjəri /

•

UK / ˈmɜ:rkjəri /

noun
Silver-white metal that is used in thermometers
Planet that is closest to the sun

plasma

US / ˈplæzmə /

•

UK / ˈplæzmə /

noun
Substance in which the blood cells are carried
Gas-like substance with little electric charge

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tissue

US / ˈtɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈtɪʃu /

noun
Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
Thin soft paper for blowing the nose, etc.

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

prefer

US / prɪˈfɜ:(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈfɚ /

verb
To like something better than something else

siri

US / ˈsaɪnəs /

•

UK / ˈsaɪnəs /

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

ventricle

US / ˈventrɪkl /

•

UK / ˈvɛntrɪkəl /

noun
Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to arteries

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

baby

US / ˈbeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈbeɪbi /

adjecitve
Small in size; smaller than usual
noun
A very young child, who cannot yet speak
verb
To treat someone as if they were newly born

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

latch

US / lætʃ /

•

UK / lætʃ /

noun
A (door lock)
verb
To tightly attach yourself to something

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

rodriguez

US / rɑˈdrigɛz /

•

UK / /

cell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

noun
Smallest unit of living things in biology
Group of people - often from a secret organization
Prisoner's room in a jail
Shortened form of 'cellphone'

cute

US / kju:t /

•

UK / kjut /

adjecitve
Attractive in a pretty or endearing way

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

regenerate

US / rɪˈdʒenəreɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈdʒɛnəˌret /

verb
To form or create new things

anymore

US / 'enɪmɔ: /

•

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

adverb
No longer; no more

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

enoch

US / ˈiːnɒk /

•

UK / ˈinək /

proper noun
(in the Bible) the eldest son of Cain.
A Hebrew patriarch, father of Methuselah.

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

fancy

US / 'fænsɪ /

•

UK / ˈfænsi /

adjecitve
Unusual and attractive in design
verb
To want to have or do something; feel like
To imagine or suppose that something will happen
To believe or imagine something that is not true

fatigue

US / fəˈti:g /

•

UK / fəˈtiɡ /

noun
Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
Being very tired
verb
To cause someone or something to become very tired

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

malaria

US / məˈleəriə /

•

UK / məˈlɛriə /

noun
Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito

vein

US / veɪn /

•

UK / ven /

noun
Tube that returns blood from the body to the heart
Mood or particular turn of mind
Thin line of something that has a different color

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

clog

US / klɒg /

•

UK / klɑ:g /

noun
Heavy shoe with a thick or wooden bottom
verb
To make or become blocked or filled with something

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

sudden

US / ˈsʌdn /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn /

adjecitve
Happening or done quickly or unexpectedly

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

uniform

US / ˈju:nɪfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈju:nɪfɔ:rm /

adjecitve
Not changing your conduct or opinion
noun
Set of clothes showing you belong to an army, etc.
verb
To dress in formal clothes like the army wear
To make a group of things the same

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

regulate

US / ˈregjuleɪt /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌlet /

verb
To control something with rules or laws
To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in

spinning

US / ˈspɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈspɪnɪŋ /

verb
To make a ball rotate when throwing it
To feel dizzy / confused / light headed
To convert material such as cotton into thread
To move something in a rapid turning motion

slap

US / slæp /

•

UK / slæp /

verb
To hit with the open hand or with a flat object

theorize

US / ˈθɪəraɪz /

•

UK / ˈθiːəraɪz /

verb
To form new ideas about a particular subject

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

additional

US / əˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / ə'dɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Further or added

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

medical

US / ˈmedɪkl /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪkəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to physical health or medicine
noun
A health check or test

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

white

US / waɪt /

•

UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /

adjecitve
Belonging to a race of people with light skin
Of the color of fresh snow and milk
noun
Person's name
Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

beautiful

US / 'bju:tɪfl /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

adjecitve
Having dome something well
Being very attractive or appealing physically

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

complicated

US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /

adjecitve
Difficult to do, understand or use
verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

gravitational

US / ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Concerning the force of gravity

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

weird

US / wɪəd /

•

UK / wɪrd /

adjecitve
Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

circulate

US / 'sɜ:kjəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɚkjəˌlet /

verb
To go round continuously
To move from one person to another, as at a party
(Of a rumor) to go round from one person to others

bag

US / bæɡ /

•

UK / bæɡ /

noun
Soft container to put things in and carry with you
verb
To catch an animal while hunting
To put an item or items into a bag

component

US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

•

UK / kəmˈponənt /

adjecitve
Being a part of something
noun
One of the parts that something is made up of

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

passive

US / ˈpæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈpæsɪv /

adjecitve
Allowing things to happen with quiet acceptance
With sentence's subject being what verb acts on

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

stem

US / stem /

•

UK / stɛm /

noun
Long thin central part of a plant, bearing leaves
Long thin part supporting something e.g. a light
Main part of a word, e.g. 'use' in 'useful'
verb
To remove the stem of a flower or fruit
To start from or be the origin of
To stop something bad from spreading or developing

sanjay

US / ˈsænətri /

•

UK / ˈsænɪˌtɛri /

acutely

US / əˈkju:tli /

•

UK / əˈkjuːtli /

adverb
Strongly and suddenly

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

reticulocyte

US / /

•

UK / /

other
An immature red blood cell containing a network of filaments or granules

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

millimetre

US / ˈmɪlimi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪlimiːtər /

noun
Unit of measure, 1/1000 of a metre (symbol mm)

healthy

US / ˈhelθi /

•

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
In good condition physically, or financially; well

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

marine

US / mə'ri:n /

•

UK / məˈrin /

adjecitve
Of the ocean or ocean plants and animals
Concerning sailing or doing business by sea
noun
Soldier trained to serve on land and sea

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

consult

US / kənˈsʌlt /

•

UK / kənˈsʌlt /

verb
To ask the advice, opinion of a (paid) specialist
To discuss something to make a decision
To look at a book or map for information

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

poster

US / 'pəʊstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpostɚ /

noun
A large, printed notice or picture
Someone who writes and shares messages on online

marker

US / ˈmɑ:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkə(r) /

noun
Something that is easy to recognize or identify
Thick pen used for writing, e.g. on boards

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

antigen

US / ˈæntɪdʒən /

•

UK / ˈæntɪdʒən /

noun
Substance that produces antibodies in the body

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

clot

US / klɒt /

•

UK / klɑ:t /

noun
Mass of blood, etc. that has dried up/become thick
verb
To make a liquid such as blood turn thick or solid

dilate

US / daɪˈleɪt /

•

UK / daɪˈlet,ˈdaɪˌlet /

verb
(Of the iris of the eye, etc.) to get bigger

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

restore

US / rɪˈstɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈstɔr, -ˈstor /

verb
To return a thing to its original condition

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

apparently

US / əˈpærəntli /

•

UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /

adverb
According to what you heard; from what can be seen

endothelium

US / ˌendəʊ'θi:lɪəm /

•

UK / ˌendoʊ'θi:lɪrm /

noun
Layer of flattened cells lining some body cavities

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

scab

US / skæb /

•

UK / skæb /

noun
Person who works while other employees strike
Hard layer of dried blood that forms over a wound

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

finger

US / ˈfɪŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪŋɡɚ /

noun
One of the five long parts of the hand
verb
To touch something with the ends of the hands
To identify the person guilty of a crime

exhaustion

US / ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɔstʃən /

noun
Total loss of strength; extreme tiredness
Using up completely so that there is none left

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

neutrophils

US / /

•

UK / /

other

lymphocyte

US / ˈlɪmfəsaɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmfəˌsaɪt /

noun
; a white blood cell that attacks antigens (=harmful substances that the body reacts to)

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

wish

US / wɪʃ /

•

UK / wɪʃ /

noun
Expression of a hope for something in the future
verb
To want something to happen or to become true

fade

US / feɪd /

•

UK / fed /

verb
To cause to lose brightness of color
To lose strength or freshness

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

inner

US / ˈɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the inside part of something

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

pump

US / pʌmp /

•

UK / pʌmp /

noun
A device more moving liquids
Light woman's shoe
verb
To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
To make water/other liquid move using a machine
To move in or out, or up and down quickly
asking for information in an indirect way

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

treat

US / tri:t /

•

UK / trit /

noun
Something you buy for others as a surprise present
something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
verb
To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
To act in a certain way toward someone

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

chicken

US / ˈtʃɪkɪn /

•

UK / ˈtʃɪkən /

adjecitve
Acting like a coward
noun
A bird raised for its eggs and meat
Someone who is too afraid to do something

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

centrifuge

US / ˈsentrɪfju:dʒ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntrəˌfjudʒ /

noun
Machine to separate substances in a laboratory

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

elliott

US / ˈɛliət /

•

UK / ˈeliət /

downstream

US / ˌdaʊn'stri:m /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˌstrim /

adverb
In the direction of a stream's current

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

urine

US / ˈjʊərɪn /

•

UK / ˈjʊrən /

noun
Yellow liquid waste from the body

bleed

US / bli:d /

•

UK / blid /

verb
To allow a liquid or gas to escape
To drain something such as water from a source
To flow out of something
(Of a wound, cut knee, etc.) to flow with blood
To take money from someone a little at a time

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

hematuria

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Presence of blood in the urine; often a symptom of urinary tract disease

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

oxygenate

US / ˈɒksɪdʒəneɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑːksɪdʒəneɪt /

verb
To treat or combine with oxygen

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

haemorrhage

US / ˈhemərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈhemərɪdʒ /

noun
Heavy bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

ari

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
The constellation Aries. Chiefly as postpositive, designating a star of this constellation.

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

fuck

US / fʌk /

•

UK / fʌk /

noun
Vulgar term used as an intensifier
verb
(Vulgar) To have sex with someone

injury

US / 'ɪndʒərɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndʒəri /

noun
Physical or emotional harm or damage

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

mature

US / məˈtʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / məˈtʃʊr /

adjecitve
Behaving like an adult
Being fully developed physically
verb
(Wine, cheese) To age to improve its taste

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

pulmonary

US / ˈpʌlmənəri /

•

UK / ˈpʌlməneri /

adjecitve
Concerning the lungs/disease of the lungs

bloodstream

US / ˈblʌdstri:m /

•

UK / ˈblʌdˌstrim /

noun
Blood flowing through the circulatory system

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

count

US / kaʊnt /

•

UK / kaʊnt /

noun
Number of things added together, e.g. votes
With the number of crimes, knockouts, as stated
verb
To add things together to find the total number
To matter or be important
To include someone or something in a final number

hematology

US / ˌhi:mə'tɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˌhi:mə'tɑ:lədʒɪ /

noun
Branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

sample

US / ˈsɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ˈsæmpl /

noun
A small quantity of something used as a taster
verb
To try (e.g. food, drink), to see if you like it

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

bite

US / baɪt /

•

UK / baɪt /

noun
Amount of food taken into your mouth at one time
Wound left from being bitten
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught
To close your teeth onto something, usually to eat

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

lung

US / lʌŋ /

•

UK / lʌŋ /

noun
One of the two organs we use to breathe

spit

US / spɪt /

•

UK / spɪt /

verb
To forcefully blow saliva out from your mouth

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

recycle

US / ˌri:'saɪkl /

•

UK / riˈsaɪkəl /

verb
To use old ideas or concepts again
To send used things to be turned into new things

centripetal

US / senˈtrɪpɪtl /

•

UK / sɛnˈtrɪpɪtl /

adjecitve
Originating outside and passing toward the center

bicarbonate

US / ˌbaɪˈkɑ:bənət /

•

UK / ˌbaɪˈkɑ:rbənət /

noun
Salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3)

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

anywhere

US / ˈeniweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈeniwer /

adverb
To any extent or degree (often used with not)
In, at or to any place
other
Use to indicate limits or variation

black

US / blæk /

•

UK / blæk /

adjecitve
Color of the sky on a dark night
noun
A person with dark skin, often of African origin
Person's name
verb
To fill in something to make it a very dark color

exquisitely

US / ekˈskwɪzɪtlɪ /

•

UK / ɛkˈskwɪzɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a very beautiful and careful way

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

kidney

US / 'kɪdnɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɪdni /

noun
Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine

plaque

US / plæk /

•

UK / plæk /

noun
Sign on building as a reminder of an event/person
Hard matter that can build up on your teeth

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

ruddy

US / 'rʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈrʌdi /

adjecitve
Healthy, reddish color, as of the face

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

cascade

US / kæˈskeɪd /

•

UK / kæˈsked /

noun
Body of water falling from something tall
verb
To fall, flow, or hang down in a large amount

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

inhale

US / ɪnˈheɪl /

•

UK / ɪnˈhel /

verb
To breathe in something like air or smoke
To eat or drink something extremely fast

nerdy

US / ˈnɜːdi /

•

UK / ˈnɜːrdi /

adjecitve

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

steroid

US / ˈsterɔɪd /

•

UK / ˈstɪrˌɔɪd, ˈstɛr- /

noun
Drug making muscles bigger and giving more energy

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

unregulated

US / ˌʌn'reɡjʊleɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌn'reɡjʊleɪtɪd /

adjecitve
Not controlled by official government rules

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

jinnah

US / /

•

UK / /

other
Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

trace

US / treɪs /

•

UK / tres /

noun
Very small quantity of something
verb
To make an outline to determine a shape
To find someone or something that has disappeared
To draw the outline of an image through thin paper

cycle

US / ˈsaɪkl /

•

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

noun
Series of regular and repeated actions
Bicycle, bike
verb
To go through a series of events repeatedly
To ride on a bicycle

hematologist

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

letter

US / 'letə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɛtɚ /

noun
One of the 26 parts of the English alphabet
Message you put in an envelope and send by post

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

embolism

US / ˈembəlɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈɛmbəˌlɪzəm /

noun
Insertion into a calendar; occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus (a loose clot or air bubble or

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

michaela

US / maɪˈkɛlə /

•

UK / /

moxie

US / ˈmɒksi /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:ksi /

noun
Fortitude and determination

jettison

US / 'dʒetɪsn /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛtɪsən, -zən /

verb
To get rid of or throw out (from a plane, etc.)

pop

US / pɒp /

•

UK / pɑp /

adjecitve
Type of music or art popular with many people
noun
Sweet soda drink
verb
To cause something to open or burst suddenly
To go to or in a place for a brief period of time

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

tentacle

US / ˈtentəkl /

•

UK / ˈtɛntəkəl /

noun
Long thin arm of some animals like an octopus

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

die

US / daɪ /

•

UK / daɪ /

noun
Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
verb
To cease to function or work
(Of a thing) to stop being used or done
(Of a person) to stop living

specifically

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

•

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

adverb
As regards a particular thing; closely related to
In particular

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

cuff

US / kʌf /

•

UK / kʌf /

noun
Fold or band at the end of a sleeve

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

prompt

US / prɒmpt /

•

UK / prɑmpt /

adjecitve
Fast; in a quick manner; without delay
noun
Message on a computer requiring attention
Encouragement to ask someone else to talk
verb
To display a message to requires a user to act
To say something to encourage someone else to talk
To remind an actor of his or her lines (words)
To cause something to occur; be the cause of

ryan

US / ˈraɪən /

•

UK / ˈraɪən /

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

vaccine

US / 'væksi:n /

•

UK / vækˈsin,ˈvækˌsin /

noun
Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease

churn

US / tʃɜ:n /

•

UK / tʃə:n /

verb
To turn milk round and round to make butter
To move round and round, as of stomach when ill
To move with vigorous agitation

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

differentiate

US / ˌdɪfə'renʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃiˌet /

verb
To see or show how things are not the same

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

colloquial

US / kəˈləʊkwiəl /

•

UK / kəˈloʊkwiəl /

adjecitve
Like spoken language; conversational

blue

US / blu: /

•

UK / blu /

adjecitve
Color of the clear sky
Feeling sad or down

bone

US / bəʊn /

•

UK / bon /

noun
Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
verb
To remove bones from meat or fish

favour

US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfevɚ /

noun
What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
verb
To prefer or promote over another

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

elevate

US / ˈelɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛləˌvet /

verb
To make something higher
To raise something in status, importance, feeling

fuel

US / 'fju:əl /

•

UK / ˈfjuəl /

noun
Material used to produce heat or power when burned
verb
To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
To provide gas or petrol for something

dot

US / dɒt /

•

UK / dɑt /

noun
Small round mark
verb
To place small amounts/things in various places
To mark something by placing a small, round spot

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

cardiovascular

US / ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˌkɑrdioˈvæskjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the heart and vessels of the body

internet

US / ˈɪn.tə.net /

•

UK / ˋɪntɚ͵nɛt /

noun
Worldwide computer network system

usually

US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

adverb
Normally; regularly

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

disease

US / dɪˈzi:z /

•

UK / dɪˈziz /

noun
Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

internal

US / inˈtə:nəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

adjecitve
Being or happening in the body
Being, happening in a country, state, organization
Within or inside; interior; not external

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

randomly

US / 'rændəmlɪ /

•

UK / 'rændəmlɪ /

adverb
With no pattern or clear purpose; by chance

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

garrett

US / ˈɡærət /

•

UK / ˈɡærət /

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

generally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

formation

US / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn /

noun
Process of creating; making a particular shape

platelet

US / ˈpleɪtlət /

•

UK / ˈpletlɪt /

noun
Small blood cell that stops bleeding from cut, etc.

peck

US / pek /

•

UK / pɛk /

verb
To strike sharply at something with the beak

ooh

US / u: /

•

UK / u /

exclamation
Sound people make when they make a mistake

signal

US / 'sɪɡnəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪɡnəl /

adjecitve
Most important or most noticeable
noun
Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
Act/sound that tells people to do/start something
Road-side lights that direct traffic to go or stop
Sound and light waves carrying TV and radio data
verb
To be evidence/an indication something will happen
To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start

technically

US / ˈteknɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In an exact and particular manner

methamphetamine

US / ˌmeθæm'fetəmi:n /

•

UK / ˌmeθæm'fetəmi:n /

noun
Amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine) used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

baseline

US / ˈbeɪslaɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɪslaɪn /

noun
Imaginary standard by which things are compared

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

angle

US / ˈæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡəl /

noun
Place where two lines or surfaces meet

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

faint

US / feɪnt /

•

UK / fent /

adjecitve
Lacking strength; weak; lacking clarity
Very small, as in a chance or hope
verb
To suddenly become unconscious and fall down

perceive

US / pə'si:v /

•

UK / pɚˈsiv /

verb
To notice or become aware of something
To think of someone or something in a certain way

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

organ

US / 'ɔ:ɡən /

•

UK / ˈɔrɡən /

noun
Part of a person's body with a particular function
Large institution or body
Large wind instrument similar to a piano

protein

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

•

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

noun
Group of molecules made from amino acids

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

sickness

US / ˈsɪknəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪknɪs /

noun
State of illness or poor health

yellow

US / ˈjeləʊ /

•

UK / ˈjeloʊ /

adjecitve
Color of lemons or the sun
Lacking in courage; cowardly (used as an INSULT)
verb
To turn yellow, often due to being old

doctor

US / ˈdɒktə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /

noun
Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
Person awarded the highest university degree
verb
To treat someone's illness
To change something in order to trick someone

imran

US / /

•

UK / /

investigate

US / ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet /

verb
To try to find out facts; to carry out research

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

deviate

US / ˈdi:vieɪt /

•

UK / ˈdiviˌet /

verb
To do something unusual or different; depart from

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

concept

US / 'kɒnsept /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

noun
Abstract idea of something or how it works

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

plug

US / plʌg /

•

UK / plʌɡ /

noun
Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
Thing on a wire to connect to electricity supply
A promotion of a product
verb
To use an object to block a hole
To promote or advertise a product

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

antibody

US / ˈæntibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈæntibɑ:di /

noun
Substance produced by the body to fight disease

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

mccoy

US / məˈkɔɪ /

•

UK / məˈkɔɪ /

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

cancer

US / 'kænsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

noun
Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

deft

US / deft /

•

UK / dɛft /

adjecitve
Quick and skillful

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

trigger

US / 'trɪɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɪɡɚ /

noun
Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
Device that starts a process
verb
To start a process off e.g. a memory

girl

US / gɜ:l /

•

UK / gɜ:rl /

noun
A female child; a young woman

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

separation

US / ˌsepəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɛpəˈreʃən /

noun
A line that separates; a point of parting; a gap
State of not live together, but are still married

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

inject

US / ɪn'dʒekt /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʒɛkt /

verb
To add or put in more (money, energy etc.)
To motivate or put energy into something
To put medicine into someone with a syringe

harmony

US / 'hɑ:mənɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɑrməni /

noun
Pleasing, attractive combination of parts, things
When musical notes sound pleasing together
State of getting along together in peace

pathogen

US / ˈpæθədʒən /

•

UK / ˈpæθədʒən /

noun
Any disease-producing agent

pinpoint

US / ˈpɪnpɔɪnt /

•

UK / ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt /

adjecitve
Exact, as of accuracy
verb
To locate something exactly
To identify or explain exactly

spleen

US / spli:n /

•

UK / splin /

noun
Organ near stomach that controls quality of blood

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

vinegar

US / ˈvɪnɪgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvɪnɪɡɚ /

noun
Sharp-tasting liquid made from sour wine, malt etc.

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

hierarchy

US / 'haɪərɑ:kɪ /

•

UK / ˈhaɪəˌrɑrki, ˈhaɪˌrɑr- /

noun
Group that manages and controls an organization
A system for organizing according to importance

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

nice

US / naɪs /

•

UK / naɪs /

adjecitve
Being attractive or of high quality or value
Good or enjoyable
Being kind or friendly

dye

US / daɪ /

•

UK / daɪ /

noun
A liquid that colors hair, cloth etc.
verb
To make (hair, leather) colored by using chemicals

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

prep

US / prep /

•

UK / prɛp /

adjecitve
Preparation for an action or event
noun
Shortened form of 'preparation school'

red

US / red /

•

UK / rɛd /

adjecitve
Being the color of blood

acute

US / əˈkju:t /

•

UK / əˈkjut /

adjecitve
(Of an angle in math) of less than 90 degrees
Strong; very serious or severe

constantly

US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

adverb
Frequently, or without pause

dense

US / dens /

•

UK / dɛns /

adjecitve
Very thick and difficult to see, get through
Hard to understand
Uncomprehending; foolish; inconsiderate

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

predilection

US / ˌpriːdɪˈlekʃ(ə)n /

•

UK / ˌpred(ə)lˈekʃ(ə)n /

noun
Tendency or liking for

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

isolate

US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

verb
To identify, consider, or deal with separately
To keep in a place or situation apart from others
To separate something from another substance

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

medicine

US / ˈmedsn /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

noun
Something used in treating illness or pain
Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

virus

US / 'vaɪrəs /

•

UK / ˈvaɪrəs /

noun
File secretly put on computers to cause harm
Living organism that causes disease or sickness

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

movie

US / ˈmu:vi /

•

UK / ˈmuvi /

noun
Motion picture; film

spot

US / spɒt /

•

UK / spɑt /

noun
A certain place or area
A difficult time; awkward situation
Place or ranking on a list
A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
verb
To see someone or something by chance

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

oncologist

US / ɒŋ'kɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / ɒŋ'kɒlədʒɪst /

noun
Specialist in the study of cancers

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

confused

US / kənˈfju:zd /

•

UK / kənˈfjuzd /

adjecitve
Being hard to understand
verb
To make something unclear or hard to understand

hospital

US / ˈhɒspɪtl /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:spɪtl /

noun
Building for sick people, with doctors and nurses

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

correctly

US / kə'rektlɪ /

•

UK / kəˈrɛktlɪ /

adverb
In an accurate or correct manner

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

constitute

US / 'kɒnstɪtju:t /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut /

verb
To become a group of
To establish or form a government, etc.
To be similar or equal to something

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

minority

US / maɪ'nɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈnɔrɪti, -ˈnɑr-, maɪ- /

noun
Group that is smaller and different from the rest
Part that is less than half the whole; small part

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

nowhere

US / 'nəʊweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnoˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
Not in or at any place; no place

reflect

US / rɪ'flekt /

•

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

verb
To indicate or be a sign of something
To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
To think of something seriously and carefully

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

Introduction to Video Content

In this video titled 'Doctor Answers Blood Questions From Twitter', Dr. Sanjay Junaidjha, a hematologist and medical oncologist, is here to answer questions about blood from the internet. The video is a part of the series called Blood Support, where Dr. Junaidjha provides insights and explanations about various aspects of blood. The first question that is addressed in the video is what happens if a person gets injected with the wrong blood type. Dr. Junaidjha explains that this can have serious consequences as the body recognizes the foreign blood type as a virus and mounts an immune response to destroy it. To treat this, immediate steroids may be administered and consultation with specialized experts may be required to rectify the situation by manipulating the blood. The second question comes from a user named atpadon who asks why we have different types of blood. Dr. Junaidjha mentions that there are eight basic variations of blood types, including A, B, and O, and these types reflect the presence of specific antigens or proteins on the surface of red blood cells. While the exact reasons for the existence of different blood types are not fully understood, research suggests that variations in blood types may be influenced by factors like infections and viruses. For instance, regions with a higher incidence of malaria tend to have a higher prevalence of type O blood due to their higher survival rates. The next question focuses on whether blood can actually spray or jettison from the human body, as often portrayed in movies and media. Dr. Junaidjha confirms that this is possible, primarily when an artery is cut. Arteries carry oxygenated blood and are under higher pressure compared to other blood vessels. They supply oxygen, fuel, and essential nutrients to tissues throughout the body. Overall, this video provides valuable information about blood-related topics and addresses intriguing questions from Twitter users.

Subtitles section

I'm Dr. Sanjay Junaidjha, hematologist and medical oncologist.

I'm here to answer your questions from the internet.

This is Blood Support.

First up, what happens if a person gets injected with the wrong blood type?

It's going to be really bad, and that's because it recognizes that protein as foreign, as a virus, and it just goes rogue.

It's just like destroy, destroy, destroy, destroy, destroy.

Generally, we treat it with like immediate steroids and may need to consult some very fancy people to try to churn the blood and get it right.

We have a question from atpadon.

Do we even know why we have different types of blood?

Like really?

And the answer is, we don't.

There's basically eight different basic ones that are different variations.

You can have A, B, O, or some combination.

And when we're saying those letters, it basically reflects an antigen or a protein on the surface of the red blood cells.

But we do know that certain areas have more blood types than others.

One of the main reasons is because of infections and viruses.

For example, malaria likes to get into red blood cells and basically cause you all that sickness if you are type A. So you'll see more type O in those areas because they were less likely to die.

Next question from Ryan Rodriguez.

Could blood actually spray and or jettison from the human body, as is sometimes seen in movies, shows, and games?

The answer is yes.

If you cut an artery, that pressure is higher.

An artery is your oxygenated blood.

It's the stuff that just got the oxygen from the lungs and is being pumped out.

It's the top number on your blood pressure and it carries oxygen and all the fuel and the stuff that all your cells need to the tissue.

But when you're drawing blood and the stuff that's the veins, it shouldn't be at the pressure to be shooting out at somebody.

Veins are a passive, more limpy process because it's the bottom number of millimeters of mercury on your blood pressure.

And it's the blood that is now deoxygenated.

It's done its job and the red blood cells are coming back to get more oxygen into your lungs.

At Garrett Sandlin.

What the fuck is a hematologist, dot, dot, dot, ellipsis, question mark, LOL?

A very nerdy person usually that studies blood.

When we think of blood, you think of the red stuff and it carries oxygen, but it's actually far more than that.

It's constituted predominantly by three things.

Red blood cells, right?

They carry oxygen.

They're like, ooh, give me oxygen lungs.

And then they go deliver it to the rest of your body.

But the other parts are white blood cells, the antibody stuff that you hear about vaccines that live for years.

The third part is platelets.

Platelets help you clot.

They're the reason that when you get a cut, it actually closes up.

Those are generally the three parts.

And then the last one is what's called plasma.

And plasma is this beautiful harmony balance of taking care of things when it comes to clotting and should you clot more, should you clot less and fight infections.

Point being, there's a reason that you have to do all of internal medicine for three years and then an additional one or two years in hematology just to understand how complicated this is.

Next question by Dr. Moxie Combs Open.

What exactly is a hemorrhage?

A hemorrhage is a general term to just mean bleeding.

So you could be hemorrhaging technically from your arm, from a cut, but we usually use it in a colloquial sense to mean a lot.

At SPIIDYY, what's the difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?

Red blood cells are pretty much all the same thing in your body.

They carry oxygen.

Oxygen is the fuel on every cell in your body.

White blood cells have all different kinds.

There's neutrophils and lymphocytes.

Neutrophils are stuff that go up with bacterial infection and fight things when you inhale them all the time walking around.

And then you have the lymphocytes, which is all that antibody stuff.

Antibodies are smarter when it comes to attacking pathogens or viruses and stuff.

That's why you get vaccines when you're young.

They're already prepped and ready.

They're hardwired because you gave them the wanted poster.

They're kind of smarter marines.

And that's the whole concept behind vaccines as well as just getting an infection.

Hosted by ChampionK448.

How do scabs work?

Scabs are basically the evidence of the clotting process.

The moment the endothelium, that is the inner lining of the red blood vessel, when it feels injury, it sends a whole cascade of markers and signals and say, yo, I'm like, I'm cut here.

And then the platelets, which are the things that float in your bloodstream, they're actually yellow, which is why they're found in plasma.

They basically are the endothelium, the inside lining of the blood vessel, floating around.

And then they go to that point of the injury and then they get out these little tentacles and they latch on.

And that's the platelet plug.

And they start sending out a lot of signals.

Yo, yo, come, we need to regenerate this.

So when that platelet formation starts, then you start getting a blood clot after that.

That is the immediate process that's happening to quickly restore that as fast as possible.

Next question from at Magisha Elliott.

My doctor friends, what causes a blood clot and how does it kill somebody?

A blood clot is actually a complicated, downstream series of events to make something that's hard and put together.

That's clotting.

We need to be able to clot, right, all the time.

I mean, if you get a cut, you need to be able to clot it.

However, you can have a clot that comes out randomly.

This is an example of what happens if you get a blood clot, especially if this blood vessel was in your lungs, a pulmonary embolism, and you blocked the blood flow entirely to be able to get oxygenated,

You're in big trouble.

Next question, at McCoy.

What happens when you centrifuge blood?

We are basically spinning down the blood.

The blood has multiple components.

It has the red blood cells that carry oxygen.

It has plasma.

It has white blood cells that fight infection, and it has those platelets.

So today we'll be using an example back like science class of oil, vinegar, and dye.

When you take that uniform solution and you want to isolate your plasma, if you put it into the machine, and then the centripetal force forces the densest thing to the outside.

That's why it's angled.

And now you have a nice separation.

You have what looks like the plasma at the top, which is clear.

And that's the stuff that if you get platelets or you're getting the plasma stuff in a hospital, you'll notice that the bag is yellow.

And it's different than when you're getting red blood cells.

Next question, at I hate trace.

Hey Siri, there's still blood in my urine.

How much is too much?

If you were seeing blood in your urine, that's too much.

Even having red blood cells that you can't see called microscopic hematuria.

Any much is too much if you can see it.

At Jacques Derridade, is blood really blue in the body?

The blue concept is inaccurate.

The veins appear blue, which are the lining or the piping that has the blood in it.

At UMTHONOS, how does the blood pressure arm thing work?

What a blood pressure cuff is doing is assessing what pressure is your heart pumping at.

The left side of your heart is pumping blood all throughout your body.

You continue to elevate the pressure until the pressure in the cuff is more than the pressure of your heart pushing the blood to the end of your fingers.

And then you start to come down.

So you're at 180, 170, 160, 150, 140.

And then all of a sudden, you hear that top number of that strong left ventricle in your heart able to start pushing.

That's when you know your top number.

And eventually, the beat fades away.

Why?

Because the bottom number is the passive way that our blood, after it is done and given the oxygen to everything, it needs to come back to the heart to get more oxygen.

By deft with many Ts, why do people faint when they see blood?

The reason that we pass out in general is because if our blood vessels dilate, which is what's happening when you see something that's scary, and your brain is not perceiving enough blood anymore.

So the theory is, through evolution, our bodies learned that I'm having trouble getting blood with oxygen and fuel to the most important organ in my body.

The least I can do is completely collapse so I don't have to combat Newton's gravitational law like downward.

Next question by Michaela Phillips at 98cala.

Every time I'm on my period, I'm so confused how girls can bleed so much and still live.

Your bone marrow is constantly making blood.

And so if you were to check a reticulocyte, which is a baby blood vessel, it's cute, it's actually bigger than normal, you'll see that during and after your cycle, that reticulocyte count should be up.

That's showing that your bone marrow is spitting out and trying to accommodate for the circumstances because your red blood cells all only live about 90 to 120 days.

So it's always doing it.

And it knows when you need more.

At SirJeff32, can someone die from high blood pressure?

Like, this is a real question.

The answer is yes, two times over.

You can die from acutely high blood pressure, which means at that moment, too much, you know, Adderall, cocaine, methamphetamines, because they raise your blood pressure.

Now, the blood pressure itself will not, you know, kill someone, but those blood vessels that are taking that insult from the heart, it's 200, it's 220.

Then if it cracks and pops open, now you're bleeding into your brain or anywhere else, and that can cause, obviously, immediate death.

But then over time, the reason people are so obsessive about it is because that injury from that flow of that blood pressure over and over and over eventually start causing this kind of stuff, plaque burdens and a little injury.

And then now this coronary artery disease or cardiovascular disease is starting to clog up everything.

And remember, the way that your heart functions, your brain functions, your kidneys function, all the things that are called vital organs start losing the amount of circulating blood and oxygen they need to operate correctly.

Next question from at Mark Biskie.

How often are new blood cells made and what are they made from?

They're all made, for the most part, in the same place.

They are made in the same place, and that's your bone marrow.

When you break a chicken bone, you see that dark, you know, ruddy stuff.

It's in the bone within the bone itself.

And they're basically prompted by stem cells.

And your stem cells say, hey, I need some more.

Your red blood cells live about 90 to 120 days.

So when they're getting kind of recycled in the spleen and old, you make new ones from the bone marrow.

This next question from Ari.

Weird question.

Does anyone know if low white blood cell count is ever serious?

If it deviates from your baseline and you see this massive drop, then that generally is thought to be something to investigate or be serious.

But what's crazy is in black Americans and as well as some other minority groups, ranges we have for normal are actually based, for the most part, on Caucasian Americans from like the 1980s.

They took 10,000 healthy people and were like, you look really healthy.

Let's see what your number is, and said, this is what we consider normal.

So up to one out of three to one out of five black Americans will actually repeatedly look low on the white blood cell count, but more specifically on the neutrophils.

That's something to be said about ranges.

So if you're ethnic and you're using the range of someone in America of what our cutoffs are, realize that we only know normal by sampling people and saying, you look healthy and this is what we think is normal.

At Enoch underscore Nyans, what are the signs of leukemia?

Leukemia is when something has gone very wrong, very, very wrong in your bone marrow.

Your bone marrow has like a hierarchy and pecking order.

You have just the number of cells that you need to differentiate and mature and grow.

What leukemia happens is it's not regulated anymore.

Cancer means unregulated cell growth.

If you have acute leukemia, marked exhaustion, marked fatigue, your blood count is like super low and you may be losing weight and you're exquisitely sensitive to getting infections.

And oftentimes you'll notice you start getting, you know, spots of little pinpoint red dots out of nowhere because your platelets are so low.

At Jinnah to Imran, why do mosquitoes prefer some people but wouldn't bite others?

One of the main things that they're theorizing is if you have more CO2, which is bicarbonate, in your blood, apparently mosquitoes can kind of almost sense in the blood that has more bicarbonate.

Also, depending on what type you have, supposedly that may kind of trigger or have a predilection on what mosquitoes favor.

But the truth is it's quite complicated and we all wish that Noah had just slapped those two mosquitoes.

Well, that's all the questions.

I really hope you learned something and appreciate the blood system more.

We'll see you next time.