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Emergencies Act: Why a judge ruled the feds got it wrong | About That

Original YouTube Video | CBCNews Published on 2024-01-26 Level：80 Speed：26 maxwordlevel：28

Video vocabulary

draconian

US / drəˈkəʊniən /

•

UK / drəˈkoʊniən /

adjecitve
(Of action, punishment) very strong or severe

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

nationwide

US / ˌneɪʃnˈwaɪd /

•

UK / ˌneʃənˈwaɪd /

adjecitve
Including or existing in every part of a country

necessary

US / 'nesəsərɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

adjecitve
Needed or required; unavoidable

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

definition

US / ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən /

noun
Explanation of word's meaning, as in dictionaries
The sharpness of an image on a screen
Visual clearness in a photo or on a screen

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

paragraph

US / ˈpærəgrɑ:f /

•

UK / ˈpærəgræf /

noun
Section of writing dealing with one point
verb
To organize a written work into paragraphs

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

demonstrate

US / 'demənstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /

verb
To display a feeling or ability openly
To protest about something often as a group
To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
To show how something works (e.g. product)

conspiracy

US / kən'spɪrəsɪ /

•

UK / kənˈspɪrəsi /

noun
Plan made in secret to do something illegal

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

shout

US / ʃaʊt /

•

UK / ʃaʊt /

noun
Speaking loudly so you get attention
verb
To speak very loudly to get attention

technically

US / ˈteknɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In an exact and particular manner

admission

US / ədˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / ædˈmɪʃən /

noun
Act of allowing someone to enter
Taking responsibility for an error or mistake

belief

US / bɪˈli:f /

•

UK / bɪˈlif /

noun
Being sure that something exists or is true
Trust in an idea or set of ideas
A particular opinion about something

commandeer

US / ˌkɒmənˈdɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:mənˈdɪr /

verb
To take something by force or without permission

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

reasonable

US / ˈri:znəbl /

•

UK / ˈrizənəbəl /

adjecitve
Being somewhat good, but not great
Fair and sensible; appropriate

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

lump

US / lʌmp /

•

UK / lʌmp /

noun
Small swollen mass in body, e.g. showing disease
A small hard part of something smooth
verb
To combine things together in a group

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

freeze

US / fri:z /

•

UK / friz /

noun
Sudden stop to prevent increase or decreases
Period of very cold weather under zero degrees
verb
To harden to a solid below zero degrees
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

resolve

US / rɪ'zɒlv /

•

UK / rɪˈzɑlv /

verb
To make a decision to do something
To find an answer, solution to a problem/ question
To change gradually into a different form
To decide to try to do something
To change into something, other parts, etc.

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

ought

US / ˈɔːt /

•

UK / ˈɑːt /

verb
Used to indicate duty or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

pandemic

US / pæn'demɪk /

•

UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
noun
a pandemic disease

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

safety

US / ˈseɪfti /

•

UK / ˈsefti /

noun
Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
State of being free from harm or danger

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

sweep

US / swi:p /

•

UK / swip /

noun
Man who cleans chimneys
Act of cleaning a surface with a brush
Long, smooth movement made with your arm or a tool
Movement or search that covers a large area
verb
To clean something from a surface with a brush
To move or pass quickly and steadily
To search a very wide area for something

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

bid

US / bɪd /

•

UK / bɪd /

verb
To propose an amount you want to pay for something
To order someone to do something
To express words of good wishes to someone leaving

coot

US / ku:t /

•

UK / kut /

noun
Small black water bird of lakes and rivers

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

violent

US / ˈvaɪələnt /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələnt /

adjecitve
Done with force; likely to produce physical damage

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

declare

US / dɪ'kleə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈklɛr /

verb
To make a statement in a strong and confident way
To show the cost of things purchased overseas
To say something in an official or sure way

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

trade

US / treɪd /

•

UK / treid /

noun
A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
Action of buying and selling things in business
The buying and selling of goods and services
Exchanging something for something else
Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
verb
To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
To give something in return for something else

traffic

US / 'træfɪk /

•

UK / ˈtræfɪk /

noun
The cars or vehicles on the road
Amount of activity over a communication system

violence

US / ˈvaɪələns /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələns /

noun
Strong physical force of nature
Use of physical force to harm someone

convenient

US / kənˈvi:niənt /

•

UK / kənˈvinjənt /

adjecitve
Allowing you to do something with less trouble

criminalize

US / ˈkrɪmɪnəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪz /

other
Treat as a criminal

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

tool

US / tu:l /

•

UK / tul /

noun
Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
verb
To provide a workshop with the right equipment

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

authority

US / ɔ:ˈθɒrəti /

•

UK / əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr- /

noun
The power to give orders to people
Person who is an expert on a particular topic
Expert knowledge on a given subject
The power to decide or approve things
a group of people who have the official power to make decisions

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

respond

US / rɪ'spɒnd /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

verb
To answer something or someone
To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

raid

US / reɪd /

•

UK / red /

noun
Sudden entry by police; surprise attack by army
(Army) to suddenly enter or attack a place
verb
(Army) to suddenly enter or attack a place
To suddenly enter or attack, e.g. to steal or harm

undeniably

US / ˌʌndɪ'naɪəblɪ /

•

UK / ˌʌndɪ'naɪəblɪ /

adverb
Without question; certainly true

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

castle

US / ˈkɑ:sl /

•

UK / ˈkæsl /

noun
Large defensive building in historical times

cope

US / kəʊp /

•

UK / koʊp /

verb
To deal with something in spite of difficulties

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

ammunition

US / ˌæmjuˈnɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən /

noun
Supply of bullets, etc. that are fired from guns

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

descend

US / dɪˈsend /

•

UK / dɪˈsɛnd /

verb
To go down; to move from a higher to a lower place

perfectly

US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

•

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

adverb
In a faultless manner; without mistakes

print

US / prɪnt /

•

UK / prɪnt /

noun
Process of making books, magazines etc.
verb
To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
To write individual letters by hand in capitals

noisy

US / 'nɔɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɔɪzi /

adjecitve
Being loud; too much sound

tow

US / təʊ /

•

UK / to /

noun
Pulling another vehicle; being pulled thus
verb
To pull a vehicle with ropes using another vehicle

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

barbecue

US / ˈbɑ:bɪkju: /

•

UK / ˈbɑ:rbɪkju: /

noun
Grill used for cooking food over an open fire
Outdoor gathering to cook and eat food on a grill
verb
To cook something on an outdoor grill

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

bouncy

US / ˈbaʊnsi /

•

UK / ˈbaʊnsi /

adjecitve
Easily returning to previous state or position

forth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔrθ, forθ /

adverb
So as to be seen; out
Outward or forward in space, time

eleventh

US / ɪ'levnθ /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvənθ /

noun
11th

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

ourselves

US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

•

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

pronoun
(Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

noise

US / nɔɪz /

•

UK / nɔɪz /

noun
Loud sounds that cause discomfort or annoyance

ontario

US / ɒn'teərɪəʊ /

•

UK / ɑ:n'terɪoʊ /

proper noun
A province in eastern Canada, between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes; population 12,160,282 (2006);
A commercial city in southwestern California, east of Los Angeles; population 171,691 (est. 2008).

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

fine

US / faɪn /

•

UK / faɪn /

adjecitve
Good, acceptable or satisfactory
Of high quality; made with great skill
In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
Being of high quality
Good; okay; no problem
(Of weather) good; not raining
noun
Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
verb
To pay money because you broke a law

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

donor

US / ˈdəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdoʊnə(r) /

noun
Someone giving money or gifts to support a cause

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

unreasonable

US / ʌnˈri:znəbl /

•

UK / ʌnˈrizənəbəl /

adjecitve
Being too high, or otherwise inappropriate
Having unfair or unrealistic expectations
Excessive; immoderate; exorbitant

suspend

US / sə'spend /

•

UK / səˈspɛnd /

verb
To hang something or someone from something
To stop something for a period of time; interrupt

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

faction

US / ˈfækʃn /

•

UK / ˈfækʃən /

noun
Group within a larger group, with a different aim

bridge

US / brɪdʒ /

•

UK / brɪdʒ /

noun
Structure built over river, road so you can cross
verb
To make a link between; bring together

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

peacefully

US / 'pi:sfəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈpisfʊlɪ /

adverb
In a calm and quiet manner; without using force

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

judge

US / dʒʌdʒ /

•

UK / dʒʌdʒ /

noun
Person who decides on the results of a contest
Person who has the power to make a decision
verb
To reach a decision about who won a contest
To form an opinion after careful consideration
To make a decision in court

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

truck

US / trʌk /

•

UK / trʌk /

noun
Homegrown vegetables and fruit for sale
Large vehicle suitable for transporting things
Simple frame with wheels for moving things; cart
verb
To transport something on a lorry, van

broad

US / brɔ:d /

•

UK / brɔd /

adjecitve
General; not detailed
Wide; from the shorter two sides to the other

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

core

US / kɔ:(r) /

•

UK / kɔr, kor /

noun
Important central part of something
verb
To take out the central section of a fruit

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

hill

US / hɪl /

•

UK / hɪl /

noun
High land not as high as a mountain
Where the road or land goes upward; slope
Person's name

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

jurisdiction

US / ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn /

•

UK / ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn /

noun
Specific area of legal authority

tumultuous

US / tju:ˈmʌltʃuəs /

•

UK / tʊˈmʌltʃuəs, tjʊ- /

adjecitve
Chaotic

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

eyeglass

US / ˈaɪɡlɑːs /

•

UK / ˈaɪɡlæs /

other
Lens for correcting defective vision in one eye; held in place by facial muscles

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

murder

US / 'mɜ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɚdɚ /

noun
Something that is difficult or painful to do
Crime of deliberately killing a person
verb
To intentionally kill a person
To spoil, ruin something by doing it poorly

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

dispute

US / dɪ'spju:t /

•

UK / dɪˈspjut /

noun
Argument with someone about something
A question or doubt about something
verb
To argue with someone about something
To disagree about who owns or controls something
To question the truth or reality of something

firework

US / ˈfaɪəwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈfaɪərwɜ:rk /

noun
Exploding object making bright lights/loud bangs

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

ottawa

US / 'ɒtəwə /

•

UK / 'ɑ:təwə /

other
A member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

phone

US / fəʊn /

•

UK / foʊn /

noun
Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
verb
To talk to someone using a telephone

psychological

US / ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˌsaɪkəˈlɑdʒɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the study of the mind
Concerning psychology

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

exception

US / ɪkˈsepʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Something different or not included

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

frozen

US / 'frəʊzn /

•

UK / ˈfroʊzn /

adjecitve
Hard, solid because it is below zero degrees
verb
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

machete

US / mə'ʃetɪ /

•

UK / məˈʃɛti, -ˈtʃɛti /

noun
Heavy knife used as a weapon or for cutting jungle

physical

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the body of a person
Concerning things that can be seen or touched
noun
Health check at the doctors' or hospital

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

whose

US / hu:z /

•

UK / huz /

pronoun
Refers to the person who owns something

truly

US / 'tru:lɪ /

•

UK / ˈtruli /

adverb
In accordance with truth, fact or reality; really

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

properly

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

adverb
In an appropriate or correct manner

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

commission

US / kə'mɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˈmɪʃən /

noun
Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
An official role or title in the military
Group officially put in charge of e.g. education
Order for a specific piece of work, usually of art
verb
To hire someone, order work to be done for payment

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

handful

US / 'hændfʊl /

•

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

noun
an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

intention

US / ɪnˈtenʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Aim or purpose

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

discovery

US / dɪ'skʌvərɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvəri /

noun
Learning something for the first time

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

complain

US / kəmˈpleɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈplen /

verb
To say something is wrong and should be changed

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

hence

US / hens /

•

UK / hɛns /

adverb
A place far away from here
Therefore
From this time forward

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

trucker

US / ˈtrʌkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrʌkɚ /

noun
Someone who drives a truck as an occupation

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

freedom

US / 'fri:dəm /

•

UK / ˈfridəm /

noun
State of being free, not being controlled

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

ambassador

US / æm'bæsədə(r) /

•

UK / æmˈbæsədɚ, -ˌdɔr /

noun
Official representing a country in another country

costly

US / 'kɒstlɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɔstli /

adjecitve
Being very expensive, often wasteful

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

eleven

US / ɪˈlevn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvən /

number
11

saga

US / ˈsɑ:gə /

•

UK / ˈsɑɡə /

noun
Description of events occurring over a long period

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

busy

US / 'bɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɪzi /

adjecitve
Working hard doing something; full of activity
verb
To actively be occupied with doing something

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

trust

US / trʌst /

•

UK / trʌst /

noun
Wealth or property held by one person for another
The belief that someone is honest
Care or responsibility of a person
verb
To expect confidently
To have confidence or faith
To be confident someone is honest and reliable
To believe someone to be honest and reliable

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

tub

US / tʌb /

•

UK / tʌb /

noun
Another word for a bath

inconvenient

US / ˌɪnkənˈvi:niənt /

•

UK / ˌɪnkənˈvinjənt /

adjecitve
Causing difficulty, discomfort, or problems

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

fume

US / fju:m /

•

UK / fjum /

other
Unpleasant smoke or gas, e.g. from cars
verb
To feel angry; show that one is angry
To produce unpleasant smoke or gas

joint

US / dʒɔɪnt /

•

UK / dʒɔɪnt /

adjecitve
Shared; involving working together; in common
noun
Body parts where bones meet and can move together
Point at which two things meet (e.g. a road)
A club or restaurant; place where you are

joke

US / dʒəʊk /

•

UK / dʒoʊk /

noun
A funny or amusing statement
Something or someone not taken seriously
verb
To say or do things that are meant to be funny

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

objective

US / əbˈdʒektɪv /

•

UK / əbˈdʒɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Being real, rather than simply being an idea
noun
Something you decide you want to do; goal

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

scope

US / skəʊp /

•

UK / skoʊp /

noun
Opportunity for action or thought
Range of things included or dealt with
Instrument that you use to look at things
verb
to look at especially for the purpose of evaluation —usually used with out

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

financial

US / faɪˈnænʃl /

•

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

adjecitve
Involving money

emergency

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒənsi /

noun
Sudden event needing an immediate action

individual

US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

•

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

adjecitve
Made for use by one single person
Having a distinct manner different from others
noun
Single person, looked at separately from others

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

vehicle

US / ˈvi:əkl /

•

UK / ˈvi:hɪkl /

noun
Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
Means of expressing, showing, or achieving

camper

US / 'kæmpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæmpɚ /

noun
Someone staying in a tent or camping vehicle

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

unsafe

US / ʌnˈseɪf /

•

UK / ʌnˈsef /

adjecitve
Likely to be dangerous or harmful

arrest

US / əˈrest /

•

UK / əˈrɛst /

noun
Act of catching people who committed crimes
verb
To attract someone's attention and hold interest
(Police) to catch and keep criminals
To stop or slow something that is happening

everybody

US / ˈevribɒdi /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

pronoun
Every person; everyone

express

US / ɪk'spres /

•

UK / ɪkˈsprɛs /

adjecitve
Sent by a fast mail service
Traveling at high speed
noun
Fast train or bus
verb
To send something by fast mail
To state or show what you think or how you feel

harm

US / hɑ:m /

•

UK / hɑrm /

noun
Damage or injury
verb
To damage, injure, or hurt someone or something

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

protest

US / 'prəʊtest /

•

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

noun
Forceful argument against something
Objection to something
verb
To argue against something in a forceful way
To express a strong objection or dislike

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

resort

US / rɪ'zɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪ'zɔ:rt /

noun
Act of choosing something to help with a problem
Vacation hotel or complex; area for holidays

twelfth

US / twelfθ /

•

UK / twɛlfθ /

noun
12th

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

convoy

US / ˈkɒnvɔɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:nvɔɪ /

noun
Group of moving vehicles, e.g. of an army/navy

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

mandate

US / 'mændeɪt /

•

UK / ˈmænˌdet /

noun
Official command or order
verb
To order that something is done

interpret

US / ɪn'tɜ:prɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚprɪt /

verb
To express so that others understand it
To translate what is said into another language

opinion

US / əˈpɪnjən /

•

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

noun
Court judge's statement why a decision was made
A person's thoughts on a topic

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

vaccine

US / 'væksi:n /

•

UK / vækˈsin,ˈvækˌsin /

noun
Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease

criminal

US / ˈkrɪmɪnl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪmənəl /

adjecitve
Involving illegal activity; relating to crime
Not justifiable; shameful
noun
Person who commits a crime

disagree

US / ˌdɪsə'ɡri: /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈɡri /

verb
To have a different opinion; to fail to agree

complaint

US / kəmˈpleɪnt /

•

UK / kəmˈplent /

noun
Saying something is wrong and should be changed
Official charge against a person by the police
A medical problem with your body; illness

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

insurance

US / ɪnˈʃʊərəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈʃʊrəns /

noun
Protection against loss/injury/death you pay for

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

justin

US / 'dʒʌstɪn /

•

UK / 'dʒʌstɪn /

convince

US / kən'vɪns /

•

UK / kənˈvɪns /

verb
To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

columbia

US / kə'lʌmbɪə /

•

UK / kə'lʌmbi:ə /

noun
A North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form t

harassment

US / 'hærəsmənt /

•

UK / hə'ræsmənt /

noun
Continually bothering someone in an unfair way

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

street

US / stri:t /

•

UK / strit /

noun
Road in a city with buildings and places to walk

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

fourteenth

US / ˌfɔ:'ti:nθ /

•

UK / fɔrˈtinθ, for- /

noun
14th

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

constitute

US / 'kɒnstɪtju:t /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut /

verb
To become a group of
To establish or form a government, etc.
To be similar or equal to something

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

activity

US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

noun
An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

minimize

US / 'mɪnɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz /

verb
To make something seem small or less important

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

british

US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of British

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

unmanageable

US / ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbl /

•

UK / ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl /

adjecitve
Hard to control

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

damage

US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

noun
Physical harm that is done to something
verb
To harm physically; to hurt or break something

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

fear

US / fɪə(r) /

•

UK / fɪr /

noun
Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
verb
To be afraid of or nervous about something

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

placard

US / ˈplækɑ:d /

•

UK / ˈplækɑ:rd /

noun
Large notice, e.g. carried by people in a march

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

blockade

US / blɒˈkeɪd /

•

UK / blɑ:ˈkeɪd /

noun
Arrangement that blocks or impedes movement
verb
To block or impede the movement of people, objects

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

sarnia

US / ˈsɑːniə /

•

UK / /

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

suspicion

US / sə'spɪʃn /

•

UK / səˈspɪʃən /

noun
Feeling that something or something is doubtful
Feeling that someone could be guilty of something
A tiny amount of something

police

US / pəˈli:s /

•

UK / pəˈlis /

adjecitve
Concerning the police and its business
noun
People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
verb
To control an area, or group with a police force

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

supreme

US / su:ˈpri:m /

•

UK / sʊˈprim /

adjecitve
Greatest in degree/nature/quality; absolute best
Holding the highest power, status or authority

account

US / ə'kaʊnt /

•

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

noun
An advantage
Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
An invoice for things bought
Arrangement whereby you can use online services
A description, often written, of events; report

asset

US / 'æset /

•

UK / ˈæsˌɛt /

noun
Thing that has value to you

charter

US / ˈtʃɑ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃɑ:rtə(r) /

noun
Official document giving certain rights to a group
verb
To hire (plane, bus) for your exclusive use

expression

US / ɪk'spreʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsprɛʃən /

noun
Act of making your thoughts and feelings known
Group of words that have a specific meaning

oppose

US / əˈpəʊz /

•

UK / əˈpoʊz /

verb
To fight against someone in a contest or game

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

flood

US / flʌd /

•

UK / flʌd /

noun
Large number of people or things arriving at once
Destruction when a river breaks its banks
verb
To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
(Of liquid) to fill or cover something completely

conclusion

US / kənˈklu:ʒn /

•

UK / kənˈkluʒən /

noun
End of something; finish
Judgment or opinion after thinking for a while
Opinion or final judgment at end of book, essay

harden

US / 'hɑ:dn /

•

UK / 'hɑ:rdn /

verb
To make or become hard or firm

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

mayor

US / meə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmeɪər /

noun
Head of a town or city government

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

biden

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

unrealistic

US / ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌʌnri:əˈlɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Not seeing or interpreting things as they are

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

cell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

noun
Smallest unit of living things in biology
Group of people - often from a secret organization
Prisoner's room in a jail
Shortened form of 'cellphone'

province

US / 'prɒvɪns /

•

UK / ˈprɑvɪns /

noun
Subject that a person has a good knowledge of
Area a country is divided into outside the capital

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

christian

US / ˈkrɪstʃən /

•

UK / ˈkrɪstʃən /

adjecitve
Based on the teachings of Jesus
noun
Person believing in the teachings of Jesus Christ

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

seizure

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Act of taking control of something by force
(Medical) sudden attack of illness, e.g. epileptic fit

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

infiltrate

US / ˈɪnfɪltreɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɪlˌtret, ˈɪnfɪl- /

verb
To enter a group, place to get secret information
(Of liquids/gases) to enter into something slowly

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

enforce

US / ɪnˈfɔ:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔ:rs /

verb
To force something to be done or accepted
To make (a rule) active or effective

president

US / ˈprezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

noun
Person in charge of a country, or organization

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

precondition

US / ˌpri:kənˈdɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌprikənˈdɪʃən /

noun
Condition that must be done before other things
verb
To condition or train in advance

breach

US / bri:tʃ /

•

UK / britʃ /

verb
To break laws or barriers (e.g. walls)

downtown

US / ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˌtaʊn /

adjecitve
Located in the business part of a town

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

cache

US / kæʃ /

•

UK / kæʃ /

noun
(Weapons etc.) which are hidden away illegally
Memory where webpages are kept until needed
verb
To hide something, e.g. weapons or drugs

disrupt

US / dɪsˈrʌpt /

•

UK / dɪsˈrʌpt /

verb
To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress

highway

US / 'haɪweɪ /

•

UK / ˈhaɪˌwe /

noun
Main road connecting places

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

winter

US / ˈwɪntə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪntɚ /

adjecitve
(Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
noun
Time or season of idleness or decay
Coldest season of the year
verb
To spend the cold months at a certain place

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

february

US / ˈfebruəri /

•

UK / ˈfebrueri /

noun
2nd month of the year

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

environmental

US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

•

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

adjecitve
Of the natural world of plants and animals

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

abandon

US / ə'bændən /

•

UK / əˈbændən /

noun
Wild, carefree behavior
verb
To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
To withdraw your support, or leave someone
To stop doing or having (hope, plans); give up
To leave a place, car and not go back
To surrender to a desire, with little self-control

fort

US / fɔ:t /

•

UK / fɔ:rt /

noun
Group of military buildings with high walls

dozen

US / ˈdʌzn /

•

UK / ˈdʌzən /

noun
12 people or things

illegal

US / ɪ'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ɪˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Not allowed by the laws or rules

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

lawyer

US / ˈlɔ:jə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɔjɚ /

noun
Professional who helps people with the law

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

tenet

US / ˈtenɪt /

•

UK / ˈtɛnɪt /

noun
Principle or belief, usually religious

finance

US / ˈfaɪnæns /

•

UK / fəˈnæns, faɪ-, ˈfaɪˌnæns /

adjecitve
Concerned with money
noun
Control of money a person, business has access to
verb
To support someone or something financially

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

invoke

US / ɪn'vəʊk /

•

UK / ɪnˈvok /

verb
To appeal for help/protection to higher authority
To use a law, concept, or right to achieve a goal

intent

US / ɪnˈtent /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnt /

adjecitve
Having a fixed purpose or intention; not deviating
noun
Aim or purpose

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

possibility

US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Something with a chance of happening or being true

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

emphasize

US / 'emfəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz /

verb
To stress the items that are important

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

neighbourhood

US / ˈneɪbəhʊd /

•

UK / ˈneɪbərhʊd /

noun
Area of a town or city that people live in

erie

US / ˈɪəri /

•

UK / ˈɪri /

other
A member of an Iroquoian people formerly living on the south shore of Lake Erie in northern Ohio and

zone

US / zəʊn /

•

UK / zoʊn /

noun
Area of space designated for a particular use
verb
To divide an area for a particular reason

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

deeply

US / ˈdi:pli /

•

UK / ˈdiplɪ /

adverb
To a significant degree
To a great, intense or extreme extent

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

diesel

US / ˈdi:zl /

•

UK / ˈdizəl, -səl /

noun
Heavy mineral oil used for power engines

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

mountie

US / ˈmaʊnti /

•

UK / ˈmaʊnti /

noun
Member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

terrorize

US / ˈterəraɪz /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəˌraɪz /

verb
To frighten by saying you will hurt or kill

attend

US / əˈtend /

•

UK / əˈtɛnd /

verb
To take care of someone in need
To listen or watch carefully; to concentrate
To be present at an event
To go to a place regularly

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

anybody

US / ˈenibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

pronoun
Any person; anyone

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

haul

US / hɔ:l /

•

UK / hɔl /

verb
To pull or drag something heavy (e.g. boat)

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

wave

US / weɪv /

•

UK / wev /

noun
Movement of sound, air or energy
Deep and strong emotion that is suddenly felt
Slightly curved shape in hair
Frequency of movement of objects together
Up and down movement of water in a lake or sea
Signal with your hand to say hello or goodbye
verb
To cause to move side to side or back and forth
To swing back and forth as a result of the wind
To move your hand or arm to say hello or goodbye

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

ban

US / bæn /

•

UK / bæn /

noun
Official action preventing something happening
verb
To make something illegal or not allowed

bar

US / bɑ:(r) /

•

UK / bɑ:r /

noun
Piece of (soap, chocolate etc.)
Professional organization of lawyers and judges
String of musical notes
Place to meet friends and buy alcoholic drinks
Long solid round piece of metal shaped like a pipe
verb
To prevent entry, exit or an action

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

resident

US / ˈrezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈrɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

adjecitve
Someone who lives in a particular place
noun
Trainee doctor who works/lives in a hospital

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

trailer

US / 'treɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrelɚ /

noun
Advertisement of short scenes from a movie
Vehicle pulled by a truck/car to transport things

vaccination

US / ˌvæksɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌvæksəˈneʃən /

noun
Type of injection to prevent getting a disease

trudeau

US / truˈdoʊ /

•

UK / /

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

disruption

US / dɪs'rʌpʃn /

•

UK / dɪs'rʌpʃn /

noun
When a disturbance stops an activity in progress

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

seize

US / si:z /

•

UK / siz /

verb
To take a place with force, as by military action
To arrest or catch someone
To take someone's property with legal authority
To take hold of something suddenly and violently

publicly

US / 'pʌblɪklɪ /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪkli /

adverb
In a way that anyone can see, hear, use or know

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

tyrannical

US / tɪˈrænɪkl /

•

UK / tɪˈrænɪkəl, taɪ- /

adjecitve
Forcing people to do what you want, as by threats

Subtitles section

Twenty twenty two was the year hot tubs, barbecues and bouncy castles got lumped in with the words national security threat.

The goal of protesters who had descended on Ottawa from across the country was to disrupt.

They can arrest us.

We'll go peacefully and send in more people.

They were angry about covid vaccination rules.

I think it's time that these mandates end.

These tyrannical COVID passports gotta go.

They blocked traffic downtown, threw parties, launched fireworks, shouted... Freedom!

Freedom!

And the government responded by invoking a draconian, decades old law that had never been used before.

Well, now it's the year of the law, and the law has spoken.

A federal judge ruled this week that the Trudeau government was wrong to invoke the Emergencies Act against convoy protesters.

It's a handful of people that are gathered in front of this line of police that have a lot of

a lot of armor behind them.

The ruling makes very clear.

Yes, things were bad.

Yes, this could even have been interpreted as a dangerous situation.

But was national security under threat in a way that no other law could handle?

No.

Did the government infringe on people's charter rights?

Yes.

So let's take you through what was a very tumultuous winter and why a judge says the government went too far.

Within just days of the convoy protesters setting up for the long haul downtown it was clear Ottawa police were not able to cope.

This is day six.

The downtown of a G Seven capital still shut down.

And there was this moment that made everyone's jaw drop where the Ottawa police chief was speaking publicly.

He says every option is on the table to resolve this demonstration.

But then he takes off his glasses, stares into the camera and says

There may not be a policing solution to this demonstration.

By this point, the complaints in Ottawa went well beyond just noise and diesel fumes.

Residents complained about harassment, threats.

The idea that you couldn't drive down some of the key arteries of the city, that the city was taken over.

And especially the people, perhaps, you know, in the LGBT community felt threatened by people.

It was an environment that many people, not all, but many people felt unsafe in.

The neighbourhood turned into an abandoned

It was very difficult to get in and out of the neighborhood.

Services would not come in and out of the neighborhood for fear of safety.

We had an entire neighborhood that was being terrorized and people unable to live their lives.

Ottawa's emergency services were flooded with calls and the protest had broad reach and support.

According to data from a Christian crowdfunding site, fifty five point seven percent of the funds received, totaling three point six million U.S.

dollars, were made by U.S.

based donors.

By February eleventh, about two weeks into the protest, Justin Trudeau and Joe Biden spoke on the phone.

Ottawa's mayor had already declared a state of emergency.

Ontario was about to.

And the U.S.

president was concerned about trade.

Four days earlier, protesters and their vehicles blocked the Ambassador Bridge in Windsor.

That's the busiest crossing along the Canada U.S.

border, handling over a hundred and forty billion dollars in goods a year.

Then, protesters blocked the highway leading to the second busiest crossing in Sarnia.

On February twelfth, a protest targeted the third busiest crossing in Fort Erie.

And these were just the Ontario blockades.

There would also be blockades in Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia.

But a critical piece of what had happened during this period came on February fourteenth.

Mounties and coots moved in overnight, acting to neutralize a small, potentially violent faction inside this larger protest.

The RCMP raided three camper trailers in Cootes, Alberta, near one of the blockades.

Police arrested eleven people and seized a cache of weapons, more than a dozen guns, a large supply of ammunition, a machete and multiple sets of body armor.

Four people were charged with conspiracy to commit murder.

The Prime Minister invoking the Emergencies Act for the first time in history.

The Government of Canada declared an emergency.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau invoking the Emergencies Act.

That's in a bid to end protests led by truckers opposed to a COVID vaccine mandate.

Today, in these circumstances, it is now clear

Responsible leadership requires us to do this.

On the same day as the RCMP raid, the government invoked the Emergencies Act.

It gave authorities sweeping powers to break up protests, freeze bank assets, commandeer tow trucks to remove protesters' vehicles from the streets, basically shut everything down.

Up until now, this highest law of the land has never been used in any emergency, including the pandemic, including times of major environmental disruption, and so forth.

It is a major power.

The legal question the judge in this case had to weigh was whether the government had the legal right to invoke this law at this time, given what was going on.

there's a very high bar to meet.

To invoke the Emergencies Act, there must be a threat to the security of Canada.

But what does that mean?

Well, this is it.

Paragraph two C of the CSIS Act.

within Canada or a foreign state.

OK.

But according to the judge, the key part to pay attention to is this, serious violence against persons or property.

What, if any, of what the convoy protesters were doing constituted serious violence?

Noisy protests?

Not quite.

Blockades?

Not even.

The judge emphasized in his ruling that economic harm is not serious violence.

It's inconvenient, costly, but not violent.

Okay, but what about that cache of weapons police found in Cootes, Alberta?

Links to extremist groups.

The threat of what Justin Trudeau himself called hardened cells infiltrating the convoy movement.

Well, the judge had an answer for that, too.

It is not disputed that the discoveries of weapons, ammunition and other materials at Cootes was deeply troubling, as was the possibility that similar findings would emerge at any of the other blockades across the country.

But those threats were being dealt with by the police of provincial and local jurisdictions outside of Ottawa.

That's key.

Up until this point, with the exception of Ottawa, which kind of was a gone joke, everything had been dealt with by police enforcing laws in the criminal code.

That's fine.

That's what laws are for.

But in the fine print of the Emergencies Act, a precondition for whether it should be used at all is that whatever emergency you're dealing with,

cannot be effectively dealt with under any other law of Canada.

The Emergencies Act allows the government to bring in extraordinary powers that infringe Canadians' charter rights.

So to do it, there are two very high bars.

Number one, there has to be a truly national emergency that other powers cannot take care of.

The second bar comes from the definition of threats to the security to Canada that come from the CSIS Act.

That means physical violence or psychological damage to individuals.

The Emergencies Act is meant to be a last resort when nothing else will work.

And what the government failed to demonstrate to the judge in this case was that the scale of violence or potential violence was so high and so unmanageable that it just didn't have any other options.

But the judge said you can't just use the Emergencies Act because it's convenient or even because it would be the most effective tool.

It may be considered unrealistic to expect the federal government to wait when the country is threatened by serious and dangerous situations.

However, that is what the Emergencies Act appears to require.

There were two other central complaints, not about invoking the act, per se, but more about the impact on people of invoking the act.

The problem for Mosley is if you ban protest, for example, create protest no go zones through the use of the Emergencies Act, you are not only targeting at that point the people who are breaking laws, you are basically not allowing anybody to express any opinion in that space, even if it's perfectly legal.

Free speech and political expression are core tenets of Canadian democracy.

And the argument was made that the Emergencies Act had the effect of criminalizing anyone who showed up, whether they were intent on carrying out violent acts or just happy to be there waving a placard.

And this applied nationwide.

Was that really necessary?

On this, the judge agreed.

The scope was overbroad.

Under the act, he said anyone could have been the target of police no matter their intentions.

The other charter right the judge had to weigh was the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure.

The federal government is saying banks have already started to freeze the accounts of people involved in the protests.

If your truck is being used in these protests, your bank account will be frozen.

and your insurance will be suspended.

The government's lawyer argued, well, technically freezing assets isn't the same as seizing them.

Like, the money was still there in the bank account.

Nothing was seized.

But the judge didn't buy that argument.

And he was critical of how there didn't really seem to be much of an objective standard that the RCMP followed in deciding whose assets to freeze.

That all the RCMP required, by their own admission, was bare belief that someone's assets ought to be frozen.

the idea that they could freeze people's bank accounts, people who might not even have been partaking in some illegal activity or the breach of trust, but were just participants who had just shown up to the Hill that day.

If everybody who attends a protest zone

is now under suspicion of being part of an illegal movement and has their resources potentially seized and their bank accounts frozen by the state.

Mosley is again saying that this is too broad.

In the end, the judge ruled that the act gave the RCMP too free a hand when meddling with people's personal finances.

Too many people were frozen out of their accounts, including family members, if these were joint accounts, and with no clear effort on the government's part to minimize the financial damage.

This charter right was infringed.

What's interesting in all of this is that the judge in this case actually comes across as quite sympathetic to the government.

He said in his ruling, had I been at their tables at that time, I may have agreed that it was necessary to invoke the act.

That's how crazy the whole situation was, in his opinion.

But he also admits hindsight is twenty twenty.

We have now learned that it is essential for cities and provinces to enforce the rules of protest so as to never again find ourselves in the position where the Emergencies Act would even be considered.

controlling protests across the country.

Now we know the facts.

And the legal standard for invoking the Emergencies Act is just so undeniably high.

Hence the judge's finding that the federal government's use of the act was unreasonable.

But, and there's always a but, the federal government disagrees.

It plans to appeal the decision, meaning this could go all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada.

We were convinced at the time, I was convinced at the time, it was the right thing to do.

It was the necessary thing to do.

In its defense, the government argues there was already a public commission that looked into whether the government invoked the act properly.

And its conclusion was, yeah, it did.

So, the government argues.

Reasonable people can come to different conclusions.

And this most recent legal ruling, it's just one step in what will be a much longer saga.