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Neck Stretching | National Geographic

Video vocabulary

eagerly

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US / 'i:gəlɪ /

UK / ˈiɡɚlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • With eagerness; in an eager manner

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

incredible

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US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very good; amazing
  • Really good; amazing; great
  • Very hard to believe

border

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US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer part or edge of something
  • Line separating one country, state from another
  • verb
  • To be right next to another country or state
  • To form the edge of something
  • To form the edge of (road, etc.)

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

express

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US / ɪk'spres /

UK / ɪkˈsprɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sent by a fast mail service
  • Traveling at high speed
  • noun
  • Fast train or bus
  • verb
  • To send something by fast mail
  • To state or show what you think or how you feel

grow

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US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

define

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US / dɪ'faɪn /

UK / dɪˈfaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To explain the meaning of words
  • To set or mark the limits of something

dress

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US / dres /

UK / drɛs /

A1
  • noun
  • Women's garment with a top part and a skirt
  • Clothing suitable for a time period or occasion
  • verb
  • To prepare food (e.g. salad) before cooking or eating
  • To decorate something for display e.g. a mannequin
  • To put clothes on
  • To clean, care for and apply a cover to a wound

light

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US / laɪt /

UK / laɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
  • Being pale and lacking darkness of color
  • Not heavy; weighing only a little
  • adverb
  • Carrying few bags when traveling
  • noun
  • A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
  • Way in which something or someone is understood
  • verb
  • To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
  • To provide a way to see ahead

limb

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US / lɪm /

UK / lɪm /

B1
  • noun
  • Leg, arm, branch or wing
  • Part of something that extends out over an area

promise

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US / 'prɒmɪs /

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

A1
  • verb
  • To say you will certainly do something

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

tribe

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US / traɪb /

UK / traɪb /

B1
  • noun
  • Racial group united by language, religion, customs

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

clothe

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US / kləʊð /

UK / kloʊð /

B1
  • verb
  • To put a certain type of clothing on someone; dress

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

pull

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US / pʊl /

UK / pʊl /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
  • Force something has that draws other things to it
  • Using your hands to move something to you
  • verb
  • To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
  • To hold something and move it toward you
  • To remove something by force

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

stretch

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US / stretʃ /

UK / strɛtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
  • A consecutive row of things
  • A period of time
  • verb
  • To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
  • To make something bigger by pulling on it

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

tribal

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US / ˈtraɪbl /

UK / ˈtraɪbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or about a tribe

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

identify

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US / aɪ'dentɪfaɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To indicate who or what someone or something is

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

woman

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US / ˈwʊmən /

UK / ˈwʊmən /

A1
  • noun
  • Adult female human being

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

dialect

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US / ˈdaɪəlekt /

UK / ˈdaɪəˌlɛkt /

B2
  • noun
  • Way of speaking used by a group or in a region

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

tradition

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US / trəˈdɪʃn /

UK / trəˈdɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • An event, custom or way common to a people or race
  • Way of thinking or behaving used for a long time

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

crack

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US / kræk /

UK / kræk /

B1
  • noun
  • Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
  • Unexpected and hard hit to the body
  • Joke or impolite comment about something
  • Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
  • Small gap between two things or parts of things
  • verb
  • To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
  • To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
  • To tell (a joke)
  • To solve a challenging problem or mystery
  • To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
  • To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
  • To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

chafe

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US / tʃeɪf /

UK / tʃeɪf /

C1
  • verb
  • To rub the skin and make it sore

illusion

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US / ɪ'lu:ʒn /

UK / ɪˈluʒən /

B2
  • noun
  • Idea, image or impression that is not correct

passage

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US / 'pæsɪdʒ /

UK / ˈpæsɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of moving through time
  • Journey by ship from one place to another
  • Narrow opening which things can go through

cave

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US / keɪv /

UK / kev /

A2
  • noun
  • Large hole in the side of a cliff or hill
  • verb
  • To give in to pressure

harbour

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US / 'hɑ:bə(r) /

UK / ˈhɑrbɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Area of water protected by land and used by ships
  • Place providing comfort and shelter from danger
  • verb
  • To contain, hold, include, or hide something
  • To feel certain thoughts/emotions for a long time
  • To have a thought/feeling without expressing it
  • To hide or give shelter to (when in danger)
  • To secretly give shelter/protection to a criminal

profitable

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US / ˈprɒfɪtəbl /

UK / ˈprɑ:fɪtəbl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being useful; benefiting someone or something
  • Able to gain a benefit from something you did
  • Making more money than it cost to make

although

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US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

UK / ɔlˈðo /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Despite the fact that; however

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

wear

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US / weə(r) /

UK / wer /

A1
  • noun
  • Clothing designed for a purpose e.g. skiing
  • Damage from continual use over a long period
  • verb
  • To have clothes, glasses, shoes etc. on your body
  • To display an expression or emotion on the face
  • To become weaker or damaged from continued use

brass

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US / brɑ:s /

UK / bræs /

B1
  • noun
  • Yellow metal made by combining copper and zinc
  • The section of a band playing trumpets, horn etc.
  • Musical instruments such as trumpet or trombone
  • Shiny objects made of a golden metal

draw

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US / drɔ: /

UK / drɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that attracts people to visit a place
  • A lottery or prize
  • Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
  • verb
  • To attract attention to someone or something
  • To get closer to or approach something or someone
  • To influence a person's involvement in something
  • To move an object by pulling
  • To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
  • To take one thing out of a container, etc.
  • (Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

decade

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US / ˈdekeɪd /

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

B1
  • noun
  • Period of 10 years

collapse

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US / kə'læps /

UK / kəˈlæps /

B1
  • verb
  • To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
  • To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
  • To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

deem

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US / di:m /

UK / dim /

B2
  • verb
  • To judge something to be a certain thing, way

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

persecution

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US / ˌpɜ:sɪ'kju:ʃn /

UK / ˌpə:sɪˈkjuʃən /

C1
  • noun
  • Act of treating badly due to race, religion etc.

modernization

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US / ˌmɒdənaɪ'zeɪʃn /

UK / ˌmɑdɚnəˈzeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • The process of making something up-to-date

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

western

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US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

mark

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US / mɑ:k /

UK / mɑrk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A dirty spot or line on something
  • Grade or score given for homework
  • Line or symbol made when writing
  • Particular point on a scale of measurement
  • Grade, such as a student receives in school
  • Stain or spot on something
  • Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
  • Written sign or symbol
  • verb
  • To put a dirty spot or line on something
  • To give a grade for homework
  • To indicate something with a sign or symbol
  • To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
  • (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
  • To write or draw a line on something

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

young

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US / jʌŋ /

UK / jʌŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At an early stage of existence; not mature
  • Being recently created or started
  • noun
  • Babies in a group or family of animals

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

unexpectedly

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US / ˌʌnɪk'spektɪdlɪ /

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspɛktɪdlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a surprising way because not expected

identity

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US / aɪ'dentətɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Collection of qualities that makes a person

pressure

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US / 'preʃə(r) /

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
  • Strong persuasion to do something
  • verb
  • To apply force to something
  • To persuade or force someone to do something

persecute

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US / ˈpɜ:sɪkju:t /

UK / ˈpɜ:rsɪkju:t /

C1
  • verb
  • To ill-treat, oppress or harass, as for religion

military

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US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the army or navy
  • noun
  • Army or armed forces

travel

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US / ˈtrævl /

UK / ˈtrævəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Going to other places, esp. distant places
  • verb
  • To go to a place that is far away

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

return

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US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Do again; repeated
  • noun
  • Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
  • Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
  • Profit made as a result of a business activity
  • Process of going back to a previous way or state
  • verb
  • To hit something back to the other player or team
  • To come back after being away from somewhere
  • To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
  • To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
  • To occur again

strange

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US / streɪndʒ /

UK / strendʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

tourist

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US / ˈtʊərɪst /

UK / ˈtʊrɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who travels to a place for pleasure

lour

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US / ˈlaʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊər /

A1
  • verb
  • To set lower

signature

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US / ˈsɪgnətʃə(r) /

UK / ˈsɪɡnətʃɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Something that represents a person's work or style
  • noun
  • Person's name written in their handwriting

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

neighbour

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US / 'neɪbə(r) /

UK / ˈnebɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who lives, or is near, you

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

custom

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US / ˈkʌstəm /

UK / ˈkʌstəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Specially made to order
  • noun
  • Tradition that most people in a community do

endure

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US / ɪn'djʊə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr /

B1
  • verb
  • To last for a long time; continue to exist
  • To accept difficulties without struggle

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

rings

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US / rɪŋz /

UK / rɪŋz /

A1
  • other
  • Roped areas in which people fight or box
  • Circular objects with a hole in it
  • Circular shapes or marks around some things
  • People doing illegal businesses or criminal activities
  • Round pieces of metal that goes on your finger
  • Acts of calling someone using a phone
  • verb
  • To draw a circular shape or mark around something
  • To make a loud, noisy constant sound
  • To produce a sound from a bell, alarm or telephone
  • To call someone using a phone

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

crowd

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US / kraʊd /

UK / kraʊd /

A2
  • noun
  • Large group of people together in one place
  • verb
  • To force too many things, people into
  • (Lots of people) to meet together in one place

painful

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US / ˈpeɪnfl /

UK / ˈpenfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing or feeling physical pain or hurt

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

shoulder

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US / ˈʃəʊldə(r) /

UK / ˈʃoldɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of the body where an arm attaches or joins
  • Meat that comes from an animal's upper front leg
  • Part of a shirt or coat that covers the shoulders
  • verb
  • To carry something around your neck
  • To push something using the top part of your arm
  • To accept a job or responsibility

rib

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US / rɪb /

UK / rɪb /

B2
  • noun
  • One of the curved bones protecting the chest/heart
  • verb
  • To tease; joke about something with someone

house

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US / haʊs /

UK / haʊs /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where a specific activity or business occurs
  • Building in which a family, person lives
  • verb
  • To give someone a place to live
  • To contain or store something

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

balloon

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US / bəˈlu:n /

UK / bəˈlun /

B1
  • noun
  • Thin bag of rubber filled with air, used as a toy
  • Large air-filled bag to carry people into the air
  • verb
  • To grow larger quickly; spring up suddenly
  • To travel in a large balloon

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

own

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US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
  • verb
  • To have something as your property

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

preserve

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US / prɪˈzɜ:v /

UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /

B1
  • noun
  • Protected area of land with plants and animals
  • verb
  • To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
  • To protect something from harm, loss or damage
  • To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect

practice

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US / 'præktɪs /

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • The office and place for legal or medical work
  • Doing something many times to become better at it
  • verb
  • To work as a doctor or lawyer
  • To live according to the teachings of a religion
  • To do something many times to improve a skill

chest

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US / tʃest /

UK / tʃɛst /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong, lidded container for storing things
  • Front of the body between neck and stomach

flexible

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US / ˈfleksəbl /

UK / ˈflɛksəbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Bending easily
  • Able to adjust to new events, requirements easily

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

outlaw

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US / ˈaʊtlɔ: /

UK / ˈaʊtˌlɔ /

B2
  • noun
  • Person hiding from police after breaking the law
  • verb
  • To make a practice or thing illegal

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

catch

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US / kætʃ /

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of something that has been caught
  • Trick or something trying to deceive
  • verb
  • To stop something flying and hold it
  • To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
  • To get sick or get a disease from someone else
  • To find someone to do something, a task
  • To get stuck on or in something
  • To be trapped so you can’t escape
  • To be able to understand what someone is saying

civil

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US / ˈsɪvl /

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
  • Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

requirement

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US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • A demand that someone does something
  • Something that is a necessity

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

witness

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US / 'wɪtnəs /

UK / ˈwɪtnɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who was present to see an event take place
  • Evidence or proof of something
  • verb
  • To see the signing of an official document
  • To see an event take place (usually a crime)
  • To serve as an example or evidence of something

shackle

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US / 'ʃækl /

UK / ˈʃækəl /

C1
  • verb
  • To tie someone up in chains to restrict movements

astonish

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US / ə'stɒnɪʃ /

UK / əˈstɑnɪʃ /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel great wonder or surprise

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

past

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US / pɑ:st /

UK / pæst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • No longer current or new
  • adverb
  • So as to go beyond, or further than something
  • noun
  • Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
  • preposition
  • After a particular time
  • At a later point in distance; beyond

extreme

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US / ɪk'stri:m /

UK / ɪkˈstrim /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very great in degree
  • Farthest from a center
  • Very severe; very strong
  • noun
  • Effort that is thought more than is necessary

northwest

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US / 'nɔ:θ'west /

UK / nɔrθˈwɛst, nɔrˈwɛst /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being between west and north
  • Coming from the northwest, e.g. a northwest wind

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

imagine

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US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To think creatively about; form mental picture of

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

restriction

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US / rɪˈstrɪkʃn /

UK / rɪˈstrɪkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Law or rule that controls or limits something

safe

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US / seɪf /

UK / sef /

A2
  • noun
  • Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
  • adjecitve
  • Highly likely
  • Being out of danger

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

speak

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US / spi:k /

UK / spik /

A1
  • verb
  • To be able to use a certain language
  • To use words to tell information, express thoughts

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

appear

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US / ə'pɪə(r) /

UK / əˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • To seem to be
  • To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

primitive

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US / ˈprɪmətɪv /

UK / ˈprɪmɪtɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking a written language and advanced technology
  • Being rough and underdeveloped
  • Being at an early or simple stage of development
  • noun
  • Self-taught artist; the art done in this style
  • Offensive people considered lacking a culture

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

achieve

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US / ə'tʃi:v /

UK / əˈtʃiv /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

camp

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US / kæmp /

UK / kæmp /

A2
  • noun
  • A (military) base
  • Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
  • Place where people live for a short time in tents
  • verb
  • To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

war

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US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

coil

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US / kɔɪl /

UK / kɔɪl /

B2
  • noun
  • Wire wound into circles to carry electricity
  • Long material wound into circular rings
  • verb
  • To curl or wind around especially in neat rings
  • To make (rope, hair, etc.) into circles; wind

intentional

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US / ɪnˈtenʃənl /

UK / ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Done with a deliberate plan to do or achieve

represent

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US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
  • To show or describe something in a particular way
  • To act on behalf of others in government
  • To act or speak for another person or other people

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

leader

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US / ˈli:də(r) /

UK / ˈlidɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who is in charge of a group or task
  • Person or group who is currently winning

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

belong

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US / bɪ'lɒŋ /

UK / bɪˈlɔŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be a welcomed as a new member of a group
  • To own something
  • To be in the right place or situation

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

refugee

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US / ˌrefjuˈdʒi: /

UK / ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi /

B2
  • noun
  • Person forced to leave their home e.g. due to war

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

bone

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US / bəʊn /

UK / bon /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
  • verb
  • To remove bones from meat or fish

embrace

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US / ɪm'breɪs /

UK / ɛmˈbres /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of holding someone closely
  • verb
  • To hold closely; cuddle, kiss or hug

excited

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US / ɪkˈsaɪtɪd /

UK / ɪkˈsaɪtɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happy, interested or eager; enthusiastic
  • verb
  • To make something or someone become more active
  • To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

neck

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US / nek /

UK / nɛk /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of the body joining the head and the body
  • Opening of a piece of clothing for your head
  • verb
  • (Lovers) to play affectionately; kissing

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

carry

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US / ˈkæri /

UK / ˈkæri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have a child, be pregnant
  • To have a disease you might give to others
  • (Of stores) to sell a particular product
  • To hold something and move it to another place
  • To travel a long distance (sound)
  • To support the weight or burden of something

feeling

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US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Sensation or emotion you experience
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

opportunity

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US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

A2
  • noun
  • Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

thailand

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US / 'taɪlænd /

UK / 'taɪlænd /

A1
  • other
  • A country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay Peninsul

cage

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US / keɪdʒ /

UK / kedʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Box made of wire or metal bars, e.g. for a bird
  • verb
  • To put (an animal) in a box made of metal bars

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

homeland

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US / ˈhəʊmlænd /

UK / ˈhoʊmlænd /

C1
  • noun
  • Country where you were born

squeeze

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US / skwi:z /

UK / skwiz /

C1
  • noun
  • Amount of liquid from firmly pressing e.g. orange
  • Act of putting pressure on, as to get liquid out
  • When there is not enough space for things/people
  • Act of firmly pressing on two or more sides
  • verb
  • To force or threaten someone to give you something
  • To strongly compress something to get liquid out
  • To be pressed together or crowded into an area
  • To press together the opposite sides of something
  • To reduce the amount of something

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

commitment

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US / kə'mɪtmənt /

UK / kəˈmɪtmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Permanent love or concern for person, thing
  • Promise or decision to do something for a purpose

culture

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US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Beliefs and customs of a particular group

hair

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US / heə(r) /

UK / her /

A1
  • noun
  • Long thin strands growing on your head or body
  • Short distance; a very small amount

pain

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US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

ancient

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US / 'eɪnʃənt /

UK / ˈenʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very old; having lived a very long time ago

girl

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US / gɜ:l /

UK / gɜ:rl /

A1
  • noun
  • A female child; a young woman

hurt

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US / hɜ:t /

UK / hɚt /

A1
  • noun
  • Mental, emotional, or physical pain
  • verb
  • To cause pain, damage or injury

burmese

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US / bɜ:'mi:z /

UK / bɚˈmiz, -ˈmis /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Burma

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
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refit

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US / ˌri:ˈfɪt /

UK / riˈfɪt /

C1
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two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
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lie

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US / laɪ /

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outsider

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US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪdə(r) /

UK / aʊtˈsaɪdɚ /

B1
  • noun
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maintain

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US / meɪn'teɪn /

UK / menˈten /

A2
  • verb
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call

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US / kɔ:l /

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A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
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seize

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US / si:z /

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from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
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escape

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US / ɪ'skeɪp /

UK / ɪˈskep /

A2
  • noun
  • Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
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out

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US / aʊt /

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A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
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  • To tell people a secret
  • Subtitles section
  • In northwest Thailand close to the Burmese border lies a refugee camp.
  • It harbors an unusual tribe.
  • Stretched necks and shackled limbs define these women as Padang.
  • For centuries, the Padang women have carried the tribe's mark, the collar known as wang.
  • Each of them began the painful process as a girl when her bones were small and flexible.
  • Even on the young, however, the coils chafe.
  • To achieve the stretched neck look of her elders, she'll have to return every few years to have more coils added.
  • The collar continues to hurt, but for Padang girls pain is a requirement of belonging.
  • The long neck look is actually an illusion.
  • When you wear the rings, it is not your neck that gets longer.
  • It is your shoulders that gets pushed down and lowered.
  • As the coil grows, its pressure pushes down on the shoulders and chest.
  • The rib cage caves like a squeezed balloon and the neck appears to rise higher from the collapsed collar bones.
  • The intentional deformation might seem masochistic to outsiders, but to the Padang, the wang is the signature mark of a tribe's woman.
  • But the extreme practice that identified them as Padang also marked them for persecution in their homeland of Burma, now called Myanmar.
  • In 1962, the military seized control of a country promising modernization.
  • The new leaders cracked down on tribes deemed primitive and tribal customs, including the wang, were outlawed.
  • To maintain their identity and escape civil war, Manang and others fled to the neighboring country of Thailand.
  • Although safe from war, the tribe is now caught between two countries and two worlds.
  • Housed in refugee camps, the Padang have drawn crowds of Western tourists who travel to witness their ancient ways.
  • Unexpectedly, what was once a persecuted mark of identity is now a profitable way to make a living.
  • Today, Mabang will have the opportunity to find out how she'll look without her brass collar.
  • After 10 years, it's time for the rings to be refitted.
  • It will take close to an hour of pulling at the brass before the rings can be lifted from her shoulders.
  • Mabang is astonished at how light she feels.
  • She only speaks the Burmese dialect, so Majaw helps her express her feelings.
  • Well, we never get to see what the neck looks like, so we want to have a look and see how it turned out.
  • For outsiders, it's incredible to imagine never seeing one's own neck.
  • For Mabang, it's a transformative experience.
  • She wants to dress up in regular clothes and let her hair down and see if she will look pretty.
  • As excited as she was to try on a new identity, Mabang eagerly returns to her old one, even though it may be years, even decades, before she sees her neck again.
  • She says this is our tradition, so it does not feel strange.
  • For Mabang, the embrace of a coiled metal offers a passage back to who she is, not a restriction on who she might be.
  • As refugees, the Padang have endured much to preserve their culture and their customs.
  • Today, these rings of brass represent one tribe's commitment to a future that does not sacrifice its past.