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Taboo? Scarification | Taboo

Video vocabulary

underway

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US / ˌʌndəˈweɪ /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈwe /

B2
  • adverb
  • Happening now

pain

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US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

tree

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US / tri: /

UK / tri /

A1
  • noun
  • Tall green plants in a forest

partially

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US / ˈpɑ:ʃəli /

UK / ˈpɑ:rʃəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In part; in some degree; not wholly

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

lie

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US / laɪ /

UK / lai /

A2
  • noun
  • An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
  • verb
  • To be in a horizontal or flat position
  • To say something that you know is not true

hail

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US / heɪl /

UK / hel /

B2
  • noun
  • Small hard pieces of ice from rain storms
  • Bullets, stones etc. flying through the air
  • verb
  • To speak of something with admiration/excitement
  • To call out to (taxi) to get it to pick you up
  • To fly, fall together through the air
  • Used to say that hail is falling

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

prepare

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US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

UK / prɪˈper /

A1
  • verb
  • To make something ready for use

husband

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US / ˈhʌzbənd /

UK / ˈhʌzbənd /

A1
  • noun
  • Married man

hurt

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US / hɜ:t /

UK / hɚt /

A1
  • noun
  • Mental, emotional, or physical pain
  • verb
  • To cause pain, damage or injury

bloody

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US / 'blʌdɪ /

UK / ˈblʌdi /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Covered or spotted with blood on the surface
  • A word used when swearing or cursing
  • Violent and causing death

ancient

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US / 'eɪnʃənt /

UK / ˈenʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very old; having lived a very long time ago

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

knife

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US / naɪf /

UK / naɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • Long piece of metal you use for cutting things
  • verb
  • To attack someone with a sharp long blade
  • To move through something easily and quickly

flat

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US / flæt /

UK / flæt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Level; even; without curves or bumps
  • Lifeless; lacking energy or vitality
  • adverb
  • In a certain, direct or absolute manner
  • Against a surface without lifting or curving away
  • noun
  • Apartment; set of rooms for living in
  • The smooth or level part of something
  • Musical tone lower than another by a small degree
  • verb
  • To share an apartment with someone

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

skin

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US / skɪn /

UK / skɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
  • Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
  • Outer layer of an animal or human
  • Outer part of an object, such as a plane
  • verb
  • To defeat someone easily and completely
  • To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
  • To remove the outer covering from an animal

etch

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US / etʃ /

UK / ɛtʃ /

C1
  • verb
  • To cut lines on metal to make a picture

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

arrive

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US / əˈraɪv /

UK / əˈraɪv /

A1
  • verb
  • To reach the place you are traveling to

perform

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US / pə'fɔ:m /

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

A1
  • verb
  • To carry out an action well or successfully
  • To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

friend

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US / frend /

UK / frɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who you like and enjoy being with

ancestral

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US / ænˋsestrəl /

UK / ænˋsestrəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning dead relatives

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

thin

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US / θɪn /

UK / θɪn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Flowing with ease; with a high percentage of water
  • (Of air) having little oxygen
  • Being or growing far apart in small amounts
  • Not thick; not wide in size
  • Having little flesh or fat on the body
  • Being weak or useless
  • verb
  • To make flow more easily by adding water or liquid

africa

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US / 'æfrɪkə /

UK / ˈæfrɪkə /

A1
  • noun
  • Continent between the Atlantic and Indian oceans

stomach

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US / 'stʌmək /

UK / ˈstʌmək /

A2
  • noun
  • Place in the body where food is processed
  • verb
  • to be able to accept something unpleasant

please

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US / pli:z /

UK / pliz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used when you politely ask people for things
  • verb
  • To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
  • To make someone happy by doing something

facial

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US / 'feɪʃl /

UK / ˈfeʃəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or on the face
  • noun
  • Treatment to improve condition of the skin of face

wound

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US / waʊnd /

UK / waʊnd /

A2
  • noun
  • Sadness or displeasure caused by a bad memory
  • Physical injury, especially that suffered in war
  • verb
  • To rotate a part of say a watch to make it work
  • To hurt someone emotionally
  • To injure someone in a fight with a knife gun etc.

finish

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US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • End of something; completion
  • Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
  • verb
  • To use or consume all of something
  • To reach the end; to complete something
  • To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

childhood

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US / ˈtʃaɪldhʊd /

UK / ˈtʃaɪldˌhʊd /

B1
  • noun
  • The time when you are a child

cut

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US / kʌt /

UK / kʌt /

A1
  • noun
  • Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
  • Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
  • A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To reduce the size or amount of something
  • To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

preparation

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US / ˌprepəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌprɛpəˈreʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Cream or substance applied onto the skin
  • Act of making ready for a purpose or activity

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

mother

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US / ˈmʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈmʌðɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Female who has a child or children; female parent
  • verb
  • To take care of someone as if they were your child

nearly

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US / ˈniəli /

UK / ˈnɪrli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not completely; almost

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

child

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US / tʃaɪld /

UK / tʃaɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • A very young person, between about 2 and 15

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

sad

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US / sæd /

UK / sæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Unhappy; wishing something hadn't happened

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

father

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US / ˈfɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈfɑðɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A male parent
  • Man who is the first to do or invent something
  • verb
  • To create a child by making a woman pregnant

courageous

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US / kəˈreɪdʒəs /

UK / kəˈredʒəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to face danger without fear

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

ordeal

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US / ɔ:'di:l /

UK / ɔrˈdil /

B2
  • noun
  • Event that is difficult to survive, live through

community

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US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people who share a common idea or area

boy

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US / bɔɪ /

UK / bɔɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • A young male person

accord

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US / ə'kɔ:d /

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Agreement or harmony
  • An agreement or treaty between countries
  • verb
  • To be in harmony or agreement; consent
  • To give (someone) the respect due to them

young

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US / jʌŋ /

UK / jʌŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At an early stage of existence; not mature
  • Being recently created or started
  • noun
  • Babies in a group or family of animals

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

hundred

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US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

ceremony

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US / 'serəmənɪ /

UK / ˈsɛrəˌmoni /

B1
  • noun
  • Special social or religious event
  • Rigidly formal way of behaving

abdomen

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US / ˈæbdəmən /

UK / ˈæbdəmən /

C1
  • noun
  • The part of the body where the stomach is

away

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US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

mark

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US / mɑ:k /

UK / mɑrk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A dirty spot or line on something
  • Grade or score given for homework
  • Line or symbol made when writing
  • Particular point on a scale of measurement
  • Grade, such as a student receives in school
  • Stain or spot on something
  • Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
  • Written sign or symbol
  • verb
  • To put a dirty spot or line on something
  • To give a grade for homework
  • To indicate something with a sign or symbol
  • To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
  • (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
  • To write or draw a line on something

center

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US / 'sentə /

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Community place people go health or social reasons
  • Place in the middle of something
  • Person or thing that is attracting attention
  • verb
  • To direct focus toward something

scar

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US / skɑ:(r) /

UK / skɑr /

B1
  • noun
  • Long lasting emotional pain from a bad experience
  • A mark on something made by scratching it
  • verb
  • To cause long lasting emotional pain
  • To leave a mark on something by scratching it

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

cover

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US / 'kʌvə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A different version of another song
  • Bed sheets; blankets
  • (Police or military) protection from attack
  • Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
  • Thing you put over something to close or hide it
  • Front and back part of a book or magazine
  • Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
  • verb
  • To record a different version of another song
  • To include as part of its area
  • To put something over something to hide it
  • To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
  • To form a layer over something so it is hidden
  • To have sufficient funds to pay for something
  • To include something within an agreed limit
  • To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
  • (Police or military) to protect from attack
  • To travel a certain distance in a given time
  • To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

behind

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US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a later or slower time than expected
  • Being in a losing position in a sporting event
  • Being in the past; old fashioned
  • adverb
  • Remaining
  • noun
  • The part of the body that one sits on
  • preposition
  • At or toward the back of someone or something
  • Supporting or helping someone

nigeria

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US / naɪˈdʒɪərɪə /

UK / naɪˈdʒɪriə /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea

benin

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US / be'ni:n /

UK / be'ni:n /

A1
  • other
  • A country on western coast of Africa; formerly under French control

bellow

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US / 'beləʊ /

UK / ˈbɛlo /

B2
  • verb
  • To shout loudly in a deep and angry voice

shea

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US / ʃi: /

UK / ʃeɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • A small tropical African tree which bears oily nuts from which shea butter is obtained.

homemade

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US / 'həʊm'meɪd /

UK / ˈhomˈmed /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Made at home, not in a factory

cement

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US / sɪ'ment /

UK / sɪˈmɛnt /

B1
  • noun
  • Building material made from gray powder, water
  • verb
  • To bind or hold together strongly
  • To make something more stable or stronger

spirit

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US / 'spɪrɪt /

UK / ˈspɪrɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's strong determination or attitude
  • Unique qualities of person, place, or time
  • Part of a person thought to be moved by religion
  • Appearance or sense of a dead person
  • verb
  • To take someone away as if by magic

head

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US / hed /

UK / hɛd /

A1
  • noun
  • Counter for the number of cattle
  • Natural mental ability or intelligence
  • Leader or person with the greatest authority
  • Mind; mental ability; mental state
  • Side of a coin with a head on it
  • Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
  • Starting point of something, e.g. a river
  • verb
  • To hit a ball with your head in a game
  • To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
  • To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
  • To become the leader of something
  • To lead or be responsible for something

farm

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US / fɑ:m /

UK / fɑ:rm /

A1
  • noun
  • Land used for growing crops or raising animals
  • verb
  • To use land for raising plants or animals for food

tribe

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US / traɪb /

UK / traɪb /

B1
  • noun
  • Racial group united by language, religion, customs

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

signify

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US / ˈsɪgnɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈsɪɡnəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To mean something; be a symbol of something
  • To show or express something through your actions

ritual

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US / 'rɪtʃʊəl /

UK / ˈrɪtʃuəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Performed as part of a ceremony
  • Being done in a regular, expected or similar way
  • noun
  • Social or religious ceremony always done the same

scrap

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US / skræp /

UK / skræp /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Unneeded and thrown away
  • noun
  • A fight with someone
  • Small piece of something especially paper or cloth
  • other
  • Wasted things such as metal
  • verb
  • To fight with someone

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

initiate

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US / ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt /

UK / ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause something to begin
  • To allow someone into a group by a special ceremony

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

harm

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US / hɑ:m /

UK / hɑrm /

A2
  • noun
  • Damage or injury
  • verb
  • To damage, injure, or hurt someone or something

line

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US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

spend

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US / spend /

UK / spɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To use money to pay for something
  • To use time in order to do something
  • To use up something completely

short

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US / ʃɔ:t /

UK / ʃɔrt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Less than what is needed
  • Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
  • verb
  • (Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
  • adjecitve
  • Measuring a small distance
  • Happening for a small amount of time
  • Unfriendly or rude

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

soon

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US / su:n /

UK / sun /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time not long from now

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

peer

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US / pɪə(r) /

UK / pɪr /

B2
  • noun
  • A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
  • Person of the same age, class or situation
  • verb
  • To look closely and carefully, as if hard to see

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

fortify

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US / 'fɔ:tɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To protect against military attack, as with walls
  • To make someone or something stronger

bleed

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US / bli:d /

UK / blid /

A2
  • verb
  • To allow a liquid or gas to escape
  • To drain something such as water from a source
  • To flow out of something
  • (Of a wound, cut knee, etc.) to flow with blood
  • To take money from someone a little at a time

man

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US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

millet

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US / 'mɪlɪt /

UK / ˈmɪlɪt /

C1
  • noun
  • Type of grass grown for its seeds, which are eaten

crybaby

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US / ˈkraɪbeɪbi /

UK / ˈkraɪˌbebi /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who lacks confidence

accept

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US / ək'sept /

UK / ækˈsɛpt /

A1
  • verb
  • To agree to receive or take something offered
  • To admit that something is true or correct

vital

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US / 'vaɪtl /

UK / 'vaɪtl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Needed to support life; essential
  • Full of life; energetic

blacksmith

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US / 'blæksmɪθ /

UK / ˈblækˌsmɪθ /

B2
  • noun
  • Person making and repairing things in iron by hand

able

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US / 'eɪbl /

UK / ˈebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Skilled; good at something
  • Having the ability to do something

adulthood

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US / 'ædʌlthʊd /

UK / 'ædʌlthʊd /

B1
  • noun
  • Time of life when a person is fully grown

ones

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US / wʌnz /

UK / wʌnz /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1, a single person or thing

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

tradition

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US / trəˈdɪʃn /

UK / trəˈdɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • An event, custom or way common to a people or race
  • Way of thinking or behaving used for a long time

ready

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US / 'redɪ /

UK / ˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being likely or about to do something
  • Being willing to do a task
  • verb
  • To prepare something for use or action

happy

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US / ˈhæpi /

UK / ˈhæpi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

receive

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US / rɪ'si:v /

UK / rɪˈsiv /

A1
  • verb
  • To get something someone has given or sent to you
  • To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
  • To welcome someone as a guest into your home
  • To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

lived

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US / 'lɪvd /

UK / 'lɪvd /

A1
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

design

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US / dɪˈzaɪn /

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
  • verb
  • To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • To think of a plan

felix

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US / ˈfi:laɪn /

UK / ˈfiˌlaɪn /

A1

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

miss

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US / mɪs /

UK / mɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Action of not hitting something or someone
  • Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
  • verb
  • To be absent
  • To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
  • To do without something
  • To fail to see or sense something
  • To fail to understand someone's message
  • To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
  • To feel you want to see someone who is not there

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

endure

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US / ɪn'djʊə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr /

B1
  • verb
  • To last for a long time; continue to exist
  • To accept difficulties without struggle

custom

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US / ˈkʌstəm /

UK / ˈkʌstəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Specially made to order
  • noun
  • Tradition that most people in a community do

believe

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US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

son

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US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Male child; friendly way of addressing a boy

society

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US / sə'saɪətɪ /

UK / səˈsaɪɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • A group who meet to share values or interests
  • Group of people living together
  • Upper class of a community

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

prove

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US / pru:v /

UK / pruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

intricate

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US / ˈɪntrɪkət /

UK / ˈɪntrɪkɪt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Very detailed or difficult to untangle

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

salve

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US / sælv /

UK / sæv, sɑv /

C1
  • verb
  • To save someone from ruin, danger or loss

identity

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US / aɪ'dentətɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Collection of qualities that makes a person

alcohol

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US / 'ælkəhɒl /

UK / ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl /

B1
  • noun
  • A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
  • Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

celebrate

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US / 'selɪbreɪt /

UK / ˈsɛləˌbret /

A2
  • verb
  • To observe an event or occasion, e.g. a birthday
  • To lead or participate in a religious ceremony
  • To express praise or thanks for something

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

whenever

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US / wenˈevə(r) /

UK / hwɛnˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any or every time that

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

beneath

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US / bɪ'ni:θ /

UK / bɪˈniθ /

A2
  • preposition
  • Not worthy of you; not good enough for you
  • Under; In or to a lower position; below

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

officially

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US / əˈfɪʃəli /

UK / əˈfɪʃəlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • According to what is stated by an authority figure

arduous

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US / ˈɑ:djuəs /

UK / ˈɑ:rdʒuəs /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Requiring a lot of effort; difficult and tiring

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

ground

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US / graʊnd /

UK / ɡraʊnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Connection of electrical equipment to earth
  • Place where people play particular sports
  • Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
  • verb
  • To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
  • To make sharp or smooth through friction
  • To press together with force making a sound
  • To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
  • To hit the bottom
  • (Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
  • To prevent a plane from taking off
  • To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

elder

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US / ˈeldə(r) /

UK / ˈɛldɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Older than
  • noun
  • The person who is older than another
  • Wise, experienced and respected older person

fight

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US / faɪt /

UK / faɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • An argument or quarrel
  • Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
  • A struggle to do a difficult task
  • verb
  • To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • To try to hurt someone by hitting them
  • To struggle to do a difficult task

chest

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US / tʃest /

UK / tʃɛst /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong, lidded container for storing things
  • Front of the body between neck and stomach

step

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US / step /

UK / stɛp /

A1
  • noun
  • Movement done as part of a particular dance
  • Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
  • One part or stage in a process
  • Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
  • Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
  • verb
  • To raise and moving the foot to put it down

quiet

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US / 'kwaɪət /

UK / ˈkwaɪɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hidden, or done in a private way
  • Not loud; making very little sound
  • verb
  • To cause to become calmer or less loud

must

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US / məst /

UK / mʌst /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is necessary or required
  • other
  • (Used to state that something ought to be true)
  • Used to say something is required or necessary

honor

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US / 'ɒnə(r) /

UK / ˈɑnɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Award you get for doing well; prize, title, etc.
  • Chance to do something special; privilege
  • Respect given to someone who is admired
  • Good standing a person has in a community
  • verb
  • To fulfill an agreement
  • To give an award to someone
  • To respect someone or something

family

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US / 'fæməlɪ /

UK / ˈfæmli /

A1
  • noun
  • Close group of people or organizations
  • A group of people who are related through blood
  • Group of related plants or animals

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

fresh

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US / freʃ /

UK / frɛʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Clean; not used or dirty
  • Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
  • Newly made or gathered
  • (Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

felipe

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US / dɪ'kæpɪteɪt /

UK / dɪˈkæpɪˌtet /

A1

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

porridge

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US / ˈpɒrɪdʒ /

UK / ˈpɔ:rɪdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • Dish made of oatmeal, usually eaten at breakfast

bond

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US / bɒnd /

UK / bɑnd /

A2
  • noun
  • Rope, chain or other thing used to tie someone up
  • Closeness that is shared between people or groups
  • Loan that a government must buy back by a set date
  • Written agreement to pay back borrowed money
  • Joint or connection, often using glue
  • verb
  • To develop a close relationship with
  • To become joined or connected, e.g. using glue

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

bed

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US / bed /

UK / bɛd /

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  • noun
  • Flat bottom surface of a lake, ocean etc.
  • A piece of furniture that people sleep on
  • An area on which other things are put
  • Area of ground to grow vegetables or flowers
  • verb
  • To have sex with someone
  • To plant, fix, or attach something firmly to

quick

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US / kwɪk /

UK / kwɪk /

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  • adjecitve
  • Using very little time; moving far in little time
  • Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

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  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

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  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

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  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

shave

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US / ʃeɪv /

UK / ʃev /

A2
  • verb
  • To cut the beard/hair close to skin with a razor

sip

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US / sɪp /

UK / sɪp /

B1
  • verb
  • To drink just a little at a time

initiation

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US / ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn /

UK / ɪˌnɪʃiˈeʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Ritual ceremony to welcome newcomers

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

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  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

afraid

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US / əˈfreɪd /

UK / əˈfred /

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  • adjecitve
  • Worried that something bad will happen; scared

village

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US / 'vɪlɪdʒ /

UK / ˈvɪlɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Small town in the country

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

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  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

himself

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US / hɪmˈself /

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

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  • pronoun
  • The same (male) person who did the action
  • Subtitles section
  • In Benin, West Africa, the Bessaribi tribe has lived the same way for hundreds of years.
  • One key to the tribe's sense of identity is ritual scarification.
  • In this arduous, bloody process, the scars left by cuts form intricate designs.
  • The Bessaribi scar the face to mark the start of childhood, And the abdomen to signify adulthood.
  • Here in the village of Takisare, Nadar Mangu is preparing to leave his childhood behind.
  • Soon, slices in the skin of his stomach will officially initiate him into adulthood.
  • Whenever my friend and I are together, he always calls me a crybaby.
  • And now I want to show him that I too am courageous.
  • The Bessaribi initiate young men into adulthood every four years.
  • Mangu missed the last ceremony because he was in Nigeria working on a farm.
  • The ones who are already scarified, when they see me now, they don't accept me into society.
  • The village blacksmith, Nadar Felix, will perform the scarification.
  • Using scrap metal and an ancient bellows, Felix will make a knife to use on Mangu.
  • It's initiation day.
  • Mangu fortifies himself with millet porridge, and his mother offers a quick sip of homemade alcohol.
  • How should I lie down?
  • Like this?
  • Yes.
  • As his family looks on, Mangu receives the first cuts.
  • The process will take nearly an hour.
  • In a nearby village, preparations are underway for the facial scarification of a child, Nachafilip.
  • According to Bessaribi custom, once a child has been weaned from his mother, he is ready for scarification.
  • Felipe's mother, Kusanka Tenpe, considers the tradition a vital step.
  • She believes the ritual will please her ancestor's spirits and protect Felipe from harm.
  • I am happy and sad at the same time.
  • Sad because the child will cry and that will hurt me.
  • Happy because it is our tradition and he is only going to cry for a short time.
  • After that, I can console him.
  • Felipe's head has been partially shaved so the scarification can reach the very top of his forehead.
  • By tradition, the ceremony must take place on flat ground beneath a tree, with the child resting on a bed of fresh leaves.
  • The Blacksmith begins cutting.
  • With The village elders looking on, the blacksmith spends some 30 minutes etching designs into the boy's face.
  • Be quiet, be quiet.
  • When your father comes, you can tell him.
  • It is almost finished.
  • Soon you can get up.
  • The scarification is done.
  • Though Kusanka stayed with her son, her husband couldn't take it.
  • I went away.
  • I was afraid to see my child bleeding.
  • To fight infection, Kusanka covers Felipe's wounds with a salve made from the leaves of the shea tree.
  • Felipe's scars have initiated him as a child of the Besaribi.
  • In the other village, Mangu's ordeal is nearly over.
  • His scarified peers arrive to hail his courage.
  • The boys honor the ancestral spirits, singing, to celebrate their friend's hard-earned manhood.
  • I am very, very happy.
  • I didn't know if I was going to be able to make it through.
  • I showed the blacksmith exactly what designs I wanted.
  • I told him to give me the same designs that he has on his chest.
  • I told him that I didn't want the regular thin lines in the center.
  • By enduring the pain of scarification, Mangu has proved his manhood and cemented his bond with the community.