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Fed Chair Jerome Powell: The 2024 60 Minutes Interview

Original YouTube Video | 60minutes Published on 2024-02-05 Level：47 Speed：31 maxwordlevel：24

Video vocabulary

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

rescue

US / 'reskju: /

•

UK / ˈrɛskju /

verb
To save someone who is in danger or in trouble

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

complicate

US / ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mplɪkeɪt /

verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

valley

US / 'vælɪ /

•

UK / ˈvæli /

noun
Area between mountains with river running through

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

regulation

US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

noun
Act of controlling something with rules or orders
other

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

characterize

US / 'kærəktəraɪz /

•

UK / ˈkærəktəˌraɪz /

verb
To describe the qualities of person, place, thing

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

ultimate

US / ˈʌltɪmət /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪt /

adjecitve
Basic; original; most significant
Being the greatest example of something
Happening or coming at the end of process; final

regulate

US / ˈregjuleɪt /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌlet /

verb
To control something with rules or laws
To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

indispensable

US / ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being essential and hard to live without

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

failure

US / ˈfeɪljə(r) /

•

UK / 'feɪljər /

noun
When things go wrong; lack of function
Act or result of not achieving your goals

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

career

US / kə'rɪə(r) /

•

UK / kəˈrɪr /

noun
Particular occupation in professional life
verb
To move forward very fast and without control

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

sustainability

US / səsˌteɪnəˈbɪlɪti /

•

UK / səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Property of being able to be continued/repeated

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

commodity

US / kə'mɒdətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmɑdɪti /

noun
Something useful or valuable, usually for sale

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

obama

US / kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / koˌɑpəˈreʃən /

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

solid

US / 'sɒlɪd /

•

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

adjecitve
Being able to be trusted; reliable
Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
Being well made and expected to last long
Having no space or emptiness inside
Being made entirely of one material or substance
noun
Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

sharp

US / ʃɑ:p /

•

UK / ʃɑrp /

adjecitve
Being very clear and easy to see
(Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
adverb
At precisely the time given
Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
noun
Person's name
A musical tone

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

board

US / bɔ:d /

•

UK / bɔrd, bord /

noun
Surface for posting or showing information
Group of persons who direct an organization
Long piece of material used for riding the waves
Long thin piece of wood, used for building; plank
verb
To enter a ship, plane, or other vehicle
To cover with long wooden strips of wood
To pay money to live in someone's house; lodge

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

incorporate

US / ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈkɔrpəˌret /

verb
To form into a company or business corporation
To include or involve as part of something else

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

skeptical

US / 'skeptɪkəl /

•

UK / 'skeptɪkəl /

adjecitve
Doubting that something is true/probable/useful

debt

US / det /

•

UK / dɛt /

noun
Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

ammunition

US / ˌæmjuˈnɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən /

noun
Supply of bullets, etc. that are fired from guns

regional

US / ˈri:dʒənl /

•

UK / ˈridʒənəl /

adjecitve
Of a particular area, not the whole of a country

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

moderate

US / ˈmɒdərət /

•

UK / ˈmɑdərɪt /

adjecitve
Being average in quantity or size
verb
To host a meeting or panel discussion
To make something less violent, severe, or strong
To come between people to help solve an argument
To reduce the severity, violence, or strength of

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

estate

US / ɪˈsteɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈstet /

noun
A large piece of land, usually with a large house
Group of houses all built at the same time

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

tight

US / taɪt /

•

UK / taɪt /

adjecitve
Showing anxiety or anger; tense
Positioned physically close together
Managed or controlled in a strict and careful way
(Of road, bend) curving sharply
Drunk
Being equally matched in ability or score
Lacking extra space
Having limited time available
Being very limited in supply
Not generous; mean with money; stingy
(Rope or tie) pulled strongly
Being in a good solid relationship
adverb
Firmly; so it can't move

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

recession

US / rɪˈseʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈsɛʃən /

noun
Act of moving backward gradually
Decreased business activity, when work is scarce

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

appropriate

US / ə'prəʊprɪət /

•

UK / əˈpropriɪt /

adjecitve
Right or suitable for some situation or purpose
verb
To set aside money for a specific later purpose
To take (money or goods) without permission

disruption

US / dɪs'rʌpʃn /

•

UK / dɪs'rʌpʃn /

noun
When a disturbance stops an activity in progress

thursday

US / ˈθɜːzdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈθɜːrzdeɪ /

noun
Fourth day of the week; the day after Wednesday

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

disaster

US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /

noun
State of extreme ruin and misfortune

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

mostly

US / ˈməʊstli /

•

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

office

US / ˈɒfɪs /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

noun
Room or building used for business
Important job position, often in a government

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

merge

US / mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / mɜ:rdʒ /

noun
Causing two or more things to combine into one
verb
To cause two or more things to combine into one
To be combined into one

grain

US / greɪn /

•

UK / ɡren /

noun
Seeds of plants used for food
Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
Very small piece of something such as sand, truth
Unit of weight based on a piece of wheat

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

feed

US / fi:d /

•

UK / fid /

noun
Food given to animals
verb
To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
To push something through an opening
To provide necessary supplies to

eleven

US / ɪˈlevn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvən /

number
11

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

donald

US / dəˈmɪnɪkən /

•

UK / dəˈmɪnɪkən /

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

suburb

US / ˈsʌbɜ:b /

•

UK / ˈsʌbɜ:rb /

noun
Residential area on the outskirts of a city

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

jerome

US / dʒəˈrəʊm /

•

UK / dʒəˈroʊm /

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

economist

US / ɪˈkɒnəmɪst /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑ:nəmɪst /

noun
A person who studies economics

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

semiconductor

US / ˌsemikənˈdʌktə(r) /

•

UK / sɛmikənˈdʌktɚ /

noun
Silicon chip used in computers

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

concentrate

US / 'kɒnsntreɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsənˌtret /

verb
To cause to be present in large amount or number
To pay great attention to a task; focus
To remove water from a thing to make it more pure

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

silicon

US / ˈsɪlɪkən /

•

UK / ˈsɪlɪkən, -ˌkɑn /

noun
Mineral used in making steel and computer parts

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

exposure

US / ɪk'spəʊʒə(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈspoʒɚ /

noun
Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
Being talked about in the media
Act of making something that is secret known
Experience of something directly

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

sustainably

US / səˈsteɪ.nə.bli /

•

UK / səˈsteɪ.nə.bli /

adverb
In a way that can continue over a period of time

soften

US / 'sɒfn /

•

UK / ˈsɔfən, ˈsɑfən /

other
To make something less hard or firm
verb
To make more sympathetic or less strict
To make something less hard or firm

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

negative

US / 'neɡətɪv /

•

UK / ˈnɛɡətɪv /

adjecitve
Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
In mathematics, being less than zero
Focusing on the bad aspects; pessimistic
noun
The opposite to a positive electrical charge
In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
Reply to a question or statement that means 'no'
Image on camera film used to make a photo

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

spike

US / spaɪk /

•

UK / spaɪk /

noun
The top point in a graph
Long, thin metal rod that ends in a point
verb
To go up to a point on a graph

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

oversight

US / ˈəʊvəsaɪt /

•

UK / ˈoʊvərsaɪt /

noun
A mistake; something you forget to do
Supervision of someone or something

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

halt

US / hɔ:lt /

•

UK / hɔlt /

verb
To stop, or cause something, e.g. a car, to stop

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

bear

US / bɛː /

•

UK / bɛr /

noun
Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
Someone who expects stock market to fall
verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To keep moving left or right while going forward
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

repeat

US / rɪˈpi:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpit /

noun
Action that is done again
Musical passage that is to be played again
Radio or television program that was shown before
verb
To do something over again
To say something you have learned and memorized
To relate something you have been told by another
To say something again

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

permission

US / pəˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / pɚˈmɪʃən /

noun
Right to do something as allowed by another

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

pivot

US / 'pɪvət /

•

UK / ˈpɪvət /

noun
Point on which something turns or balances
verb
To turn or balance on a center point

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

stability

US / stəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / stəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality or state of being even or consistent

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

necessity

US / nəˈsesəti /

•

UK / nəˈsɛsɪti /

noun
Something that you must have or do

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

suspect

US / sə'spekt /

•

UK / səˈspɛkt /

adjecitve
(Of a thing) causing doubt; suspicious
noun
Person thought to have committed a crime
verb
To consider someone is the one guilty of a crime
To doubt or lack trust

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

trump

US / trʌmp /

•

UK / trʌmp /

noun
Any playing card of a suit that outranks another
verb
To gain an advantage over others

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

sixteenth

US / ˌsɪks'ti:nθ /

•

UK / sɪkˈstinθ /

noun
16th

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

congress

US / 'kɒŋɡres /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋɡrɪs /

noun
Meeting of elected or appointed representatives
American governing body of elected representatives

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

restore

US / rɪˈstɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈstɔr, -ˈstor /

verb
To return a thing to its original condition

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

adapt

US / ə'dæpt /

•

UK / əˈdæpt /

verb
To change something for a different function
To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

reverse

US / rɪ'vɜ:s /

•

UK / rɪˈvɚs /

noun
Setting that makes the vehicle go backward
(Drive a vehicle) backward gear of a vehicle
Instance of a significant change, for the worse
In a backwards order
Back part or side of something
verb
To drive a vehicle backward
To change to an opposite state, way or condition
To change back to a previous or normal condition
To change something to its opposite

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

integrity

US / ɪnˈtegrəti /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti /

noun
Quality of being honest, fair and honorable

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

depression

US / dɪ'preʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈprɛʃən /

noun
Medical condition of a lack of vitality
Period of unemployment and low economic activity

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

commercial

US / kəˈmə:ʃəl /

•

UK / kəˈmɚʃəl /

adjecitve
noun
Radio or television advertisement

predict

US / prɪ'dɪkt /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

verb
To guess or estimate what will or might happen

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

settle

US / 'setl /

•

UK / ˈsɛtl /

noun
Type of wooden seat
verb
To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
To end some troubles by reaching an agreement
To become accustomed to a new environment
(Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

transitory

US / ˈtrænsətri /

•

UK / ˈtrænsətɔ:ri /

adjecitve
Not lasting; passing away; not permanent

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

priceless

US / ˈpraɪsləs /

•

UK / ˈpraɪslɪs /

adjecitve
So valuable that no cost can be set

outcome

US / ˈaʊtkʌm /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌkʌm /

noun
Something that happens as a result, consequence

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

enormously

US / ɪˈnɔ:məsli /

•

UK / ɪˈnɔ:rməsli /

adverb
Extremely (happy, popular, etc.)

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

activity

US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

noun
An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

vote

US / vəʊt /

•

UK / vot /

noun
Act of deciding who to choose in an election
verb
To make a choice for or against, as in an election

sale

US / seɪl /

•

UK / sel /

noun
Event during which the prices of goods are reduced
Giving something for money; the amount sold

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

fourth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔ:rθ /

noun
4th

downturn

US / ˈdaʊntɜ:n /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˌtə:n /

noun
Worsening of business or economic activity
verb
(Of business or economy) to worsen

committee

US / kəˈmɪti /

•

UK / kəˈmɪti /

noun
Group of people who do or decide something

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

appoint

US / ə'pɔɪnt /

•

UK / əˈpɔɪnt /

verb
To officially choose a person for a job, position

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

adaptable

US / əˈdæptəbl /

•

UK / əˈdæptəbəl /

adjecitve
Having the ability to change to new conditions

wednesday

US / ˈwenzdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈwenzdeɪ /

noun
Third day of the week; the day after Tuesday

spelman

US / /

•

UK / /

rapid

US / ˈræpɪd /

•

UK / ˈræpɪd /

adjecitve
Moving or happening very quickly
noun
Rough and fast-moving part of a river

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

interview

US / 'ɪntəvju: /

•

UK / ˈɪntɚˌvju /

noun
Meeting to ask questions to get information
verb
To formally ask questions about a given topic

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

otherwise

US / ˈʌðəwaiz /

•

UK / ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz /

adverb
In an additional or different way
Unless; or

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

prosperity

US / prɒ'sperətɪ /

•

UK / prɑˈspɛrɪti /

noun
State of being financially/economically successful
State of growing and being healthy

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

consensus

US / kənˈsensəs /

•

UK / kənˈsɛnsəs /

noun
A decision that is shared by most of a group

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

retain

US / rɪ'teɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈten /

verb
To continue to have or use; keep the quality of
To keep one thing inside another for a time
To memorize information

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

mismanagement

US / ˌmɪs'mænɪdʒmənt /

•

UK / ˌmɪs'mænɪdʒmənt /

noun
Management that is careless or inefficient

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

inflation

US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

noun
Act of filling something with air or gas
Continual rise in the prices of products

listen

US / ˈlɪsn /

•

UK / ˈlɪsən /

verb
To carefully consider what someone is saying

fairly

US / 'feəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɛrli /

adverb
Quite; pretty; between very and a little
In a manner that is right and acceptable

chair

US / tʃeə(r) /

•

UK / tʃer /

noun
A person in charge of an official meeting
A piece of furniture you sit on
verb
To be in charge of a meeting or department

empower

US / ɪm'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛmˈpaʊɚ /

verb
To give someone a power or ability

ignite

US / ɪɡ'naɪt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈnaɪt /

verb
To catch fire
To cause something to start burning
To give energy to something or someone

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

forthrightly

US / ˈfɔːθraɪtli /

•

UK / ˈfɔːrθraɪtli /

adverb
In a direct and honest way

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

unemployment

US / ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt /

•

UK / ˌʌnɛmˈplɔɪmənt,-ɪm- /

noun
Number of people without jobs in a country
State of not having a job

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

college

US / 'kɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / 'kɑːlɪdʒ /

noun
School or educational institution for adults

bread

US / bred /

•

UK / brɛd /

noun
Money or earnings
Baked food made from flour, used in sandwiches

inevitably

US / ɪnˈevɪtəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈevɪtəbli /

adverb
(Happening) with complete certainty

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

tighten

US / ˈtaɪtn /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtn: /

verb
To make a rule, law or system tougher
To stretch, pull until movement becomes difficult
To turn lid, bolt etc., until it is firmly in place
To make face, body stiff due to anger or anxiety

tumble

US / 'tʌmbl /

•

UK / ˈtʌmbəl /

verb
To fall downwards, hitting the ground a few times

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

chairman

US / 'tʃeəmən /

•

UK / ˈtʃɛrmən /

noun
A man in charge of a meeting
The person who leads a company or organization

employment

US / ɪmˈplɔɪmənt /

•

UK / ɛmˈplɔɪmənt /

adjecitve
Concerning the number of people who are in work
noun
The state of being in work or having a job

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

milk

US / mɪlk /

•

UK / mɪlk /

noun
White liquid produced by females to feed babies
verb
To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
To take as much from a person/situation as you can

rare

US / reə(r) /

•

UK / rɛr /

adjecitve
(Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

labor

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
The people with work in a community
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

reconsider

US / ˌri:kənˈsɪdə(r) /

•

UK / ˌrikənˈsɪdɚ /

verb
To think whether to change an earlier decision

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

gasoline

US / ˈgæsəli:n /

•

UK / ˈɡæsəˌlin, ˌɡæsəˈlin /

noun
Liquid we put in cars to make them run

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

shortage

US / ˈʃɔ:tɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈʃɔ:rtɪdʒ /

noun
A lack of something necessary

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

unique

US / jʊ'ni:k /

•

UK / juˈnik /

adjecitve
Unlike other things; being the only one like it

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

dissatisfied

US / dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd /

•

UK / dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd /

adjecitve
Feeling displeased or unhappy about something
verb
To cause not to be content; displease

generation

US / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdʒɛnəˈreʃən /

noun
Act or process of producing or causing something
People born and living at about the same time

pace

US / peɪs /

•

UK / pes /

noun
Rate of speed at which something moves or happens
Single step, often used to measure a distance
verb
To set and control your speed, as in a race
To walk with slow purposeful steps

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

banking

US / ˈbæŋkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbæŋkɪŋ /

noun
Act of keeping your money in a bank
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

danger

US / ˈdeɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdendʒɚ /

noun
The possibility of getting hurt, damaged, killed

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

overall

US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

adjecitve
Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

strangely

US / ˈstreɪndʒli /

•

UK / ˈstrendʒlɪ /

adverb
In an unusual, odd or surprising way

dynamic

US / daɪˈnæmɪk /

•

UK / daiˈnæmik /

adjecitve
Always active or energetic; getting things done

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

ride

US / raɪd /

•

UK / raɪd /

noun
Machine at an amusement park for riding on for fun
Trip on a bicycle or a horse
verb
To travel in a particular vehicle as a passenger
To sit on and control a horse or vehicle

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

predictable

US / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of being guessed before it happens

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

biden

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

borrow

US / ˈbɒrəʊ /

•

UK / ˈbɑ:roʊ /

verb
To take and later return something from another
To carry one number to another column when adding

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

tend

US / tend /

•

UK / tɛnd /

verb
To move or act in a certain manner
To take care of
To regularly behave in a certain way

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

afloat

US / əˈfləʊt /

•

UK / əˈflot /

adjecitve
Remaining on top of a liquid; floating

boardroom

US / 'bɔ:dru:m /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdˌrum, -ˌrʊm, ˈbord- /

noun
Room where top officials meet

arrangement

US / əˈreɪndʒmənt /

•

UK / əˈrendʒmənt /

noun
Particular design of a device
Piece of music written for a particular instrument
Group of things organized in a particular way
Organized plan, event for a time and place
Action done in order for something to happen

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

egg

US / eg /

•

UK / ɛɡ /

noun
Hard-shelled thing from which a young bird is born

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

existence

US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /

noun
State of being present, alive or real

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

flexible

US / ˈfleksəbl /

•

UK / ˈflɛksəbəl /

adjecitve
Bending easily
Able to adjust to new events, requirements easily

percentage

US / pəˈsentɪdʒ /

•

UK / pərˈsentɪdʒ /

noun
Part of a whole divided into hundredths

barack

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A type of apricot brandy made in Hungary; a drink of this.

dead

US / ded /

•

UK / dɛd /

adjecitve
Not alive
Being bored or not interested
Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
adverb
Completely; absolutely

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

manageable

US / ˈmænɪdʒəbl /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to be managed or controlled

pandemic

US / pæn'demɪk /

•

UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
noun
a pandemic disease

powell

US / ˈru:ftɒp /

•

UK / ˈru:ftɑ:p /

sharply

US / ˈʃɑ:pli /

•

UK / ˈʃɑ:rpli /

adverb
In an angry or unfriendly manner
In a sharp manner; sharply

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

safety

US / ˈseɪfti /

•

UK / ˈsefti /

noun
Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
State of being free from harm or danger

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

transportation

US / ˌtrænspɔ:ˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌtrænspɔ:rˈteɪʃn /

noun
Act of moving people or goods between places

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

likelihood

US / ˈlaɪklihʊd /

•

UK / ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd /

noun
Chance that something might happen

panic

US / 'pænɪk /

•

UK / ˈpænɪk /

noun
Overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
verb
To feel sudden anxiety and fear and cannot think

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

inadequate

US / ɪnˈædɪkwət /

•

UK / ɪnˈædɪkwɪt /

adjecitve
Unsatisfactory; not good enough; not enough

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

loan

US / ləʊn /

•

UK / lon /

noun
Act of allowing someone to borrow something
verb
To give money, etc. that must be paid back

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

zero

US / ˈzɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊ /

noun
Temperature when water turns to ice
number
Number 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

unchanged

US / ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd /

•

UK / ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd /

adjecitve
Not made or become different

Subtitles section

Jerome Powell, the chair of the Federal Reserve, may have just rescued the economy from inflation without throwing millions out of work.

When Americans were suffering through the highest inflation in forty years, Powell's Fed raised interest rates eleven times to cool the economy.

Economists expected a recession.

But now, inflation is tumbling while employment is near a fifty year high.

Thursday, we met Powell for a rare interview to talk about interest rates, remaining dangers, and the one question that's on everyone's mind.

The story will continue in a moment.

Is inflation dead?

I wouldn't go quite so far as that.

What I can say is that inflation has come down really over the past year and fairly sharply over the past six months.

We're making good progress.

The job is not done.

And we're very much committed to making sure that we fully restore price stability for the benefit of the public.

But inflation has been falling steadily for eleven months.

Right.

You've avoided a recession.

Why not cut the rates now?

Well, we have a strong economy.

Growth is going on at a solid pace.

The labor market is strong, three point seven percent unemployment.

With the economy strong like that, we feel like we can approach the question of when to begin

to reduce interest rates carefully.

And we want to see more evidence that inflation is moving sustainably down to two percent.

We have some confidence in that.

Our confidence is rising.

We just want some more confidence before we take that very important step of beginning to cut interest rates.

Inflation has fallen from just over nine percent to about three percent, near the Fed's ultimate goal of two percent.

Why is your target rate two percent?

Interest rates will always include an estimate of future inflation.

If that estimate is two percent, that means you'll have two percent more that you can cut in interest rates.

The central bank will have more ammunition, more power to fight a downturn if rates are a little bit higher.

Are you committed to getting all the way to two point zero before you cut the rates?

No, no, that's not what we say at all.

We're committed to returning inflation to two percent over time.

I've said that we wouldn't wait to get to two percent to cut rates.

We met Powell in the Federal Reserve boardroom where this committee meets every six weeks or so to set the so called federal funds interest rate, which influences most loans.

Last week, Powell announced the rate would stay at its twenty three year high, about five and a half percent, unchanged for six months.

You disappointed a lot of people on Wednesday.

I can't overstate how important it is to restore price stability, by which I mean inflation is low and predictable and people don't have to think about it in their daily lives.

That's where we were for twenty years.

We want to get back to that.

Moving too soon would set off inflation again.

You could, or you could just halt the progress.

I think more likely, if you move too soon, you'd see inflation settling out somewhere well above our two percent target.

And what is the danger of moving too late?

If you move too late, then you might, policy would be too tight, and that could easily weigh on economic activity and on the labor market.

Maybe a recession.

Right, and we have to balance those two risks.

There is no

you know, easy, simple, obvious path.

So in hindsight, it would have been better to have tightened policy earlier.

We thought that the economy was so dynamic that it would fix itself fairly quickly.

And we thought that inflation would go away fairly quickly without an intervention by us.

And so in the fourth quarter of ''' it became clear that inflation was not transitory in the sense that I mentioned.

And we pivoted and started tightening.

And as I said, it's essential that we did that.

It was critical that we did that.

And that's part of the story why inflation is coming down now.

We wondered about an interest rate cut in the next committee meeting in March.

I think it's not likely that this committee will reach that level of confidence in time for the March meeting, which is in seven weeks.

The next committee vote, then, would be in May.

How would you characterize the consensus around this table for rate cuts?

Is everyone on board?

Almost all.

Almost all of the nineteen participants who sit around this table believe that it will be appropriate in their most likely case for us to cut the federal funds rate this year.

Cuts in the federal funds rate would likely be a quarter, maybe half a percentage point at a time, as long as inflation data remain good.

We just want to see more good data along those lines.

It doesn't need to be better than what we've seen or even as good.

It just needs to be good.

And so we do expect to see that.

Back in twenty twenty one, little seemed good.

Inflation ignited after pandemic disruptions and when the federal government spent five trillion dollars to keep the economy afloat.

Many in Congress questioned Powell's rapid rate increases and predicted disaster.

And I hope you'll reconsider that before you drive this economy off a cliff.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

But strangely, when rates went up, the economy added more than five million jobs.

Powell told us that's because of the odd dynamics of the pandemic.

Car sales, for example.

It was a semiconductor shortage because so many people were buying goods that involved a lot of semiconductors.

So while demand for cars was spiking because people didn't want to ride public transportation, for example, and they're moving to the suburbs, while that's happening,

You can't get semiconductors, you can't make cars.

So there's a shortage.

So what happened is inflation just spiked.

But as the semiconductor supply came back, inflation has moderated a great deal.

So really, these unique features of the pandemic did reverse in a way that brought inflation down.

Jerome Powell turns seventy one today.

After a career in investment banking, he was appointed to the Fed by Barack Obama, made chairman by Donald Trump, and retained by Joe Biden.

Powell often travels to listen to the country, and we met him at Spelman College in Atlanta, where the talk was of higher prices.

Inflation is one thing, prices are another.

And I wonder if there is any reason to believe that people will see the prices of things decline.

So the prices of some things will decline, others will go up, but we don't expect to see a decline in the overall price level.

That doesn't tend to happen in economies except in

very negative circumstances.

If you think about the basic necessities, things like bread and milk and eggs, prices are substantially higher than they were before the pandemic.

And so we think that's a big reason why people are

have been relatively dissatisfied with what is otherwise a pretty good economy.

But those prices will not soften short of something like a recession.

Things that are affected by commodity prices, like, for example, gasoline prices have come way down.

Some food prices that incorporate the price of commodities, grains and things like that, those can come down.

But the overall price level doesn't come down.

The Federal Reserve was empowered in the Great Depression to regulate the economy by controlling the supply of money and setting interest rates.

It also regulates commercial banks for safety, something still challenged by the effects of the pandemic.

The value of commercial office buildings all across the country is dropping as people work from home.

Those buildings support the balance sheets of banks all across the country.

What is the likelihood of another real estate led banking crisis?

I don't think that's likely.

We looked at the larger banks' balance sheets, and it appears to be a manageable problem.

There's some smaller and regional banks that have concentrated exposures in these areas that are challenged.

And, you know, we're working with them.

You believe it's a manageable problem.

I think we're not going to see bank failures across the country as we did in two thousand eight.

I don't think there's much risk of a repeat of two thousand eight.

Certainly there will be some banks that have to be closed or merged out of existence because of this.

That'll be smaller banks, I suspect, for the most part.

Just last year, there was a panic at the sixteenth largest bank.

A Federal Reserve report blamed bank mismanagement, but also inadequate supervision by the Fed itself.

You seem confident in the banks, and yet the Silicon Valley Bank, second largest failure in U.S.

history.

Did the Fed miss that?

So, yes, we did, and we forthrightly

saw that we needed to do better.

So we've spent a lot of time working on ways to make supervision more effective and also to adapt regulation to a more to a modern context in which a bank run can happen so much faster than it could have even been twenty years ago.

Another economic hangover after the pandemic is a sharp increase in the national debt.

Thirty years from now, it is projected to be one hundred and forty four trillion dollars, or one million dollars per household.

How do you assess the national debt?

We mostly try very hard not to comment on fiscal policy and

you know, instruct Congress on how to do their job when actually they have oversight over us.

But is the national debt a danger to the economy, in your view?

In the long run.

The US is on an unsustainable fiscal path.

The US federal government's on an unsustainable fiscal path.

And that just means that the debt is growing faster than the economy.

I have the sense this worries you very much.

Over the long run, of course it does.

You know, we're effectively we're borrowing from future generations.

It's time for us to get back to putting a priority on fiscal sustainability.

and sooner is better than later.

What would you say is the single most important factor for the future of American prosperity?

With your permission, I'll name two things.

One is I think we need to just remember that we have this dynamic, innovative, flexible, adaptable economy, more so than other countries.

And this is the big reason why our economy has come through so well.

The other thing I'll point to for the United States is really since World War II,

The United States has been the indispensable nation, supporting and defending democracy, security arrangements, economic arrangements.

We've been the leading voice on that, and it is clear that the world wants that.

And I would want the United States to know, people in the United States to know, that this has benefited our country enormously.

It benefits our economy so much to have this role.

And I just, I hope we, I hope that continues.

Jerome Powell has about two years in his current term as chairman.

He suggested to us the likely time for the first interest rate cut would be the middle of the year, a few months before the election.

Your decisions inevitably are going to have a bearing on this year's election.

And I wonder to what degree does politics determine your timing?

We do not consider politics in our decisions.

We never do, and we never will.

It's not easy to get the economics of this right in the first place.

These are complicated risk balancing decisions.

If we tried to incorporate a whole other set of factors in politics into those decisions, it could only lead to worse economic outcomes.

So we simply don't do that, and we're not going to do it.

We haven't done it in the past, and we're not going to do it now.

There are people watching this interview who are skeptical about that.

You know, I would just say this.

Integrity is priceless.

And at the end, that's all you have.

And we plan on keeping ours.