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Federal government announces funding for housing in Toronto and Calgary

Original YouTube Video | CBCNews Published on 2023-11-15 Level：71 Speed：64 maxwordlevel：27

#Calgary #funding #government #housing #politics

Video vocabulary

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

jurisdiction

US / ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn /

•

UK / ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn /

noun
Specific area of legal authority

skyrocket

US / 'skaɪrɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈskaɪˌrɑkɪt /

verb
(Prices or things) to increase suddenly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

rent

US / rent /

•

UK / rɛnt /

verb
To give the use of something in return for payment
To cut a piece of cloth by tearing it

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

anticipate

US / æn'tɪsɪpeɪt /

•

UK / ænˈtɪsəˌpet /

verb
To expect or look ahead to something positively
To be aware of something that might happen

core

US / kɔ:(r) /

•

UK / kɔr, kor /

noun
Important central part of something
verb
To take out the central section of a fruit

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

parliament

US / ˈpɑ:ləmənt /

•

UK / ˈpɑrləmənt /

noun
Elected officials who govern a country (in the UK)
Period when the Uk government is in session

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

panel

US / 'pænl /

•

UK / ˈpænəl /

noun
Group who answer questions or give opinions
Flat surface with controls and switches
Flat, thin piece of material, often made of wood
verb
To cover a wall with thin pieces of wood

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

ontario

US / ɒn'teərɪəʊ /

•

UK / ɑ:n'terɪoʊ /

proper noun
A province in eastern Canada, between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes; population 12,160,282 (2006);
A commercial city in southwestern California, east of Los Angeles; population 171,691 (est. 2008).

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

ottawa

US / 'ɒtəwə /

•

UK / 'ɑ:təwə /

other
A member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

fair

US / feə(r) /

•

UK / fɛr /

adjecitve
Neither very good nor very bad; average
(Of skin) light colored; not dark
Quite good; quite a lot
Treating all people the same way
(Of hair) light colored; blonde
(Of weather) sunny; not raining
noun
Event for companies to show their products
Event to sell things to help a charity

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

greenbelt

US / ˈɡriːnˈbelt /

•

UK / ˈɡriːnˌbelt /

noun
Area of parks or rural land around a town or city

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

opposite

US / ˈɔpəzit /

•

UK / ˈɑpəzɪt /

adjecitve
Being totally different from
noun
Person, thing that is totally different to another
preposition
Across from or on the side facing something

discuss

US / dɪˈskʌs /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌs /

verb
To talk about seriously or in great detail

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

forest

US / 'fɒrɪst /

•

UK / ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr- /

noun
Large area with many trees

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

forbid

US / fəˈbɪd /

•

UK / fərˈbɪd /

verb
To order someone not to do something

millennial

US / mɪ'lenɪəl /

•

UK / mɪ'lenɪrl /

adjecitve
Concerning a millennium (a thousand years)

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

premier

US / 'premɪə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈmɪr,-ˈmjɪr,ˈprimɪr /

adjecitve
Being the most influential, important, or best
noun
Prime minister of a country
verb
To show/be shown for the first time (of film, etc.)

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

enunciate

US / ɪ'nʌnsɪeɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌnsiˌet /

verb
To say words clearly and with good pronunciation

municipal

US / mju:ˈnɪsɪpl /

•

UK / mjuˈnɪsəpəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a city or town government

battleground

US / 'bætlɡraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbætlˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Region where a battle was, or is being fought

casino

US / kəˈsi:nəʊ /

•

UK / kəˈsi:noʊ /

noun
Establishment that hosts legalized gambling

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

bucket

US / 'bʌkɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʌkɪt /

noun
Open container with a handle used to carry liquids

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

tie

US / taɪ /

•

UK / taɪ /

noun
Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
Strong connection between people, countries
When both sides in a game, vote get same score
One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
Something that lessens a person's freedom
Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
verb
To attach things (together) with a string or rope
To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
To require someone to be in a specific place

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

police

US / pəˈli:s /

•

UK / pəˈlis /

adjecitve
Concerning the police and its business
noun
People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
verb
To control an area, or group with a police force

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

payoff

US / 'peɪɔ:f /

•

UK / ˈpeˌɔf, -ˌɑf /

noun
Final payment of a debt

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

topic

US / 'tɒpɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

noun
Subject or issue people talk or write about

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

stevie

US / ˈstivi /

•

UK / /

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

chris

US / dʒɒʃ /

•

UK / dʒɑ:ʃ /

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

misfire

US / ˌmɪsˈfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / mɪsˈfaɪr /

verb
(Of a gun) to not go off properly

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

communication

US / kəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Talking to people; giving information to people

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

distant

US / 'dɪstənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

adjecitve
Unfriendly; cold
Existing or happening far away in place or time
(Of relationships) not being closely related

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

verb
To find something new that was not known before

bet

US / bet /

•

UK / bet /

noun
Act of gambling money on the result of a race etc.
verb
To gamble money to win more money, e.g. on horses

roof

US / ru:f /

•

UK / ruf,rʊf /

noun
Top of the inside a tunnel, cave, mouth etc.
Cover or top of a building or car
verb
To place a cover or top onto a building, vehicle

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

shuffle

US / 'ʃʌfl /

•

UK / ˈʃʌfəl /

verb
To change the order of items/people in a group

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

responsibility

US / rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Job, task or thing you are expected to look after
A thing to be done because it is morally correct
State of being dependable or reliable

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

builder

US / ˈbɪldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɚ /

noun
A person who makes buildings

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

red

US / red /

•

UK / rɛd /

adjecitve
Being the color of blood

aim

US / eɪm /

•

UK / em /

noun
Act of pointing something at a target
Purpose or goal
verb
To point something at a target
To intend to get a thing or for a thing to happen

finance

US / ˈfaɪnæns /

•

UK / fəˈnæns, faɪ-, ˈfaɪˌnæns /

adjecitve
Concerned with money
noun
Control of money a person, business has access to
verb
To support someone or something financially

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

coal

US / kəʊl /

•

UK / kol /

noun
Dark hard substance from the earth burnt as a fuel

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

session

US / ˈseʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛʃən /

noun
Period of time used for a specific activity
Series of meetings for e.g. a court, legislature

attentive

US / əˈtentɪv /

•

UK / əˈtɛntɪv /

adjecitve
Thoughtful and considerate
Paying attention to; concentrating on

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

noun
Man; boy; any person

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

immigration

US / ˌɪmɪˈgreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn /

noun
Process of moving your home to a new country

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

defensive

US / dɪˈfensɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Protecting something, yourself from attack

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

battle

US / 'bætl /

•

UK / ˈbætl /

noun
Military fight between armies
Working hard to stop something; struggle
verb
To fight or struggle against someone or something
To work hard to stop something; struggle

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

turbocharge

US / 'tɜ:bəʊtʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / 'tɜ:boʊtʃɑ:dʒ /

verb
To equip with a turbocharger

calculation

US / ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkælkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Process or result of using mathematics
An educated guess about something

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

municipality

US / mju:ˌnɪsɪˈpæləti /

•

UK / mjuˌnɪsəˈpælɪti /

noun
Small city or town that has its own government

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

commitment

US / kə'mɪtmənt /

•

UK / kəˈmɪtmənt /

noun
Permanent love or concern for person, thing
Promise or decision to do something for a purpose

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

pierre

US / pɪə /

•

UK / pɪr /

other
Capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

jurisdictional

US / ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən(ə)l /

•

UK / ˌdʒʊrəsˈdɪkʃənəl /

adjecitve
Restricted to area under a particular jurisdiction

bloc

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑ:k /

noun
People or nations with similar political aims

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

zone

US / zəʊn /

•

UK / zoʊn /

noun
Area of space designated for a particular use
verb
To divide an area for a particular reason

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

chocolate

US / ˈtʃɒklət /

•

UK / ˈtʃɑ:klət /

adjecitve
Being made from cocoa beans
noun
Hard brown candy made from cocoa beans

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

rental

US / ˈrentl /

•

UK / ˈrɛntl: /

noun
Home, car etc. rented for a while
Act of renting something for a period of time

relief

US / rɪˈli:f /

•

UK / rɪˈlif /

noun
Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
Artwork, e.g. part of wall, that partly sticks out
People who replace other workers and their duties
Release from worry, stress or tension

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

gambling

US / 'ɡæmblɪŋ /

•

UK / 'ɡæmblɪŋ /

noun
Act of betting money on events
verb
To play games to win money

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

claude

US / klɔːd /

•

UK / klɔd /

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

folk

US / fəʊk /

•

UK / fok /

adjecitve
(Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
noun
Ordinary common people

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

regulation

US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

noun
Act of controlling something with rules or orders
other

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

exclusive

US / ɪk'sklu:sɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪv /

adjecitve
Being available only to people with a lot of money
Available to only a particular person, group

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

raid

US / reɪd /

•

UK / red /

noun
Sudden entry by police; surprise attack by army
(Army) to suddenly enter or attack a place
verb
(Army) to suddenly enter or attack a place
To suddenly enter or attack, e.g. to steal or harm

endorphin

US / enˈdɔ:fɪn /

•

UK / enˈdɔ:rfɪn /

noun
Neurochemical having analgesic properties

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

definitive

US / dɪˈfɪnətɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Clear and leaving no further question

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

meantime

US / ˈmi:ntaɪm /

•

UK / ˈminˌtaɪm /

noun
For the present; for a while

politician

US / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Someone whose job is in politics

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

carbon

US / 'kɑ:bən /

•

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

noun
Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

housing

US / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

noun
Homes; houses in general
Cover for a machine
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

clamour

US / ˈklæmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈklæmər /

verb
To demand something in a noisy way

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

fes

US / feɪz /

•

UK / /

noun
A flat-topped conical red hat with a black tassel on top, worn by men in some Muslim countries (form
proper noun
A city in northern Morocco, founded in 808; population 977,946 (2004).

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

shock

US / ʃɒk /

•

UK / ʃɑ:k /

noun
The passage of an electricity through the body
Sudden bad feeling caused by something unexpected
verb
To affect someone with an electrical current
To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

sean

US / ʃɔ:n /

•

UK / ʃɔ:n /

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

rack

US / ræk /

•

UK / ræk /

noun
A frame, stand, hook on which things are hung
verb
To cause someone pain or suffering

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

assert

US / ə'sɜ:t /

•

UK / əˈsɚt /

verb
To state or declare your ideas positively strongly

agenda

US / ə'dʒendə /

•

UK / əˈdʒɛndə /

noun
Plan or policy to achieve your goal or intentions
Outcome you want to happen but do not reveal
List of matters to be discussed at a meeting

initiative

US / ɪ'nɪʃətɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃətɪv /

noun
Ability to come up with solutions by yourself
New plan or idea that is meant to fix a problem

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

dunk

US / dʌŋk /

•

UK / dʌŋk /

verb
To put a donut, etc. into a liquid to wet it

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

historically

US / hɪ'stɒrɪklɪ /

•

UK / hɪsˈtɔrɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In history; in the past

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

legacy

US / 'leɡəsɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɛɡəsi /

noun
Literature, arts etc. from previous generations
Something left or given by a person who has died

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

announcement

US / əˈnaʊnsmənt /

•

UK / əˈnaʊnsmənt /

noun
Act of informing people about something publicly

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

loan

US / ləʊn /

•

UK / lon /

noun
Act of allowing someone to borrow something
verb
To give money, etc. that must be paid back

visibility

US / ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality of being able to be seen, as at a distance
Ability to be seen by others

voter

US / ˈvəʊtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvotɚ /

noun
Person who can vote in an election

tape

US / teɪp /

•

UK / tep /

noun
Narrow strip of magnetic material for recording on
Thin material used to mark an area or seal things
verb
To record some sounds using an electric device
To stick things together using an adhesive strip

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

criticism

US / ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Article or essay that judges quality
Negative judgment of something
Something negative that you say about something
School of thought

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

fraser

US / ˈfreɪzə /

•

UK / ˈfreɪzər /

proper noun
A river in British Columbia, Canada. It rises in the Rocky Mountains and flows in a wide curve for 8

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

vancouver

US / vænˈkuːvə(r) /

•

UK / vænˈkuːvər /

proper noun
A city and port in British Columbia, in southwestern Canada, on the mainland opposite Vancouver Isla
An industrial port city in southwestern Washington, on the Columbia River, north of Portland in Oreg

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

tune

US / tju:n /

•

UK / tun, tjun /

noun
Group of musical notes that make a pleasant sound
verb
To make adjustments to equipment to make it better
To adjust to be at the right musical pitch
To modify how something operates, looks, e.g. car

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

cash

US / kæʃ /

•

UK / kæʃ /

noun
Physical money (not credit card or digital)
verb
To sell or give something to get money

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

credit

US / 'kredɪt /

•

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

adjecitve
Having a positive amount of money
noun
System to buy something and pay for it later
Points earned instead of money
Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
Points earned towards a university degree
verb
To add a certain amount of money to a total
To recognize someone's achievements or help

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

luck

US / lʌk /

•

UK / lʌk /

noun
Accidental way things happen, often good things

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

urban

US / 'ɜ:bən /

•

UK / ˈɚbən /

adjecitve
Concerning a city; located in a city

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

quebec

US / kwɪ'bek /

•

UK / kwɪ'bek /

proper noun
A heavily forested province in eastern Canada; population 7,546,131 (2006). Settled by the French in
A code word representing the letter Q, used in radio communication.

expert

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

adjecitve
Having special knowledge or skill
noun
Skillful person with special knowledge

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

feed

US / fi:d /

•

UK / fid /

noun
Food given to animals
verb
To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
To push something through an opening
To provide necessary supplies to

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

pure

US / pjʊə(r) /

•

UK / pjʊr /

adjecitve
Not mixed with anything else
Being morally good

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

inspector

US / ɪnˈspektə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈspɛktɚ /

noun
Person whose job is to inspect places
Policeman or policewoman with a high rank

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

parallel

US / 'pærəlel /

•

UK / ˈpærəˌlɛl /

adjecitve
(Of two lines) at equal distance from each other
(Of computer operation) happening at the same time
Very similar and often occurring at the same time
noun
A line on a map a set distance from the equator
verb
To be equal to, or like, something else
To compare

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

tonight

US / təˈnaɪt /

•

UK / təˈnaɪt /

adverb
Night following this day
noun
This evening; the night of today

gear

US / ɡɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɡɪr /

noun
A speed selector connected to an engine
Special clothes you use for a purpose
Toothed wheel shifting power from engine to wheels
verb
To aim at or prepare yourself for something

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

whom

US / hu:m /

•

UK / hum /

pronoun
Used in formal writing or speech

scene

US / si:n /

•

UK / sin /

noun
Incident where someone behaves angrily, badly
View that looks like a picture
Place where something particular happened
Part of an act in a play

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

constitutional

US / ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju- /

adjecitve
Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
Regarding the basic health, character of a person

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

sad

US / sæd /

•

UK / sæd /

adjecitve
Unhappy; wishing something hadn't happened

affordability

US / əˌfɔːdəˈbɪlɪti /

•

UK / əˌfɔrdəˈbɪləti /

noun
Cheap enough to buy something you want

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

seriously

US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

adverb
Involving or requiring great thought or study

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

systemic

US / sɪ'stemɪk /

•

UK / sɪˈstɛmɪk /

adjecitve
Affecting the entire body, system

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

metro

US / ˈmetrəʊ /

•

UK / ˈmetroʊ /

noun
Underground railway or subway

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

retreat

US / rɪ'tri:t /

•

UK / rɪˈtrit /

noun
Act of a force moving back from a winning enemy
A place away from home and work to relax
Movement slowly backward, like floods of water
A change away from a previous opinion or belief
Act of going away from something difficult
verb
(Of army, etc.) to move back from a winning enemy
To go away from home and work for a vacation
To move slowly backward, like floods of water
To stop arguing for a particular opinion or belief
To go away from something difficult/dangerous

lately

US / ˈleɪtli /

•

UK / ˈletli /

adverb
In the recent period of time; recently; just now

danger

US / ˈdeɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdendʒɚ /

noun
The possibility of getting hurt, damaged, killed

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

success

US / sək'ses /

•

UK / səkˈsɛs /

noun
Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
A successful person; one who achieved their aims

accelerator

US / əkˈseləreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ækˈsɛləˌretɚ /

noun
Pedal that controls the speed a vehicle moves

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

labor

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
The people with work in a community
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

proudly

US / ˈpraʊdli /

•

UK / ˈpraʊdlɪ /

adverb
With pride; in a proud manner

equation

US / ɪˈkweɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

subject

US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

noun
Citizen of an area or country
The person or thing that does the action of a verb
People who take part in experiments or tests
An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
What a book, article etc. is about; theme
verb
To cause to suffer or experience something

opposition

US / ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn /

noun
Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
Group that you are fighting or competing against

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

pei

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
Prince Edward Island.

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

window

US / ˈwɪndəʊ /

•

UK / ˈwɪndoʊ /

noun
Opening in a wall or door to let in light
Opening in a wall through which people do business

negotiate

US / nɪˈgəʊʃieɪt /

•

UK / nɪˈgoʊʃieɪt /

verb
To have a formal discussion to reach an agreement
To manage a difficult task or path successfully

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

infrastructure

US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

noun
Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

optic

US / ˈɒptɪk /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ptɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning vision or helping people see

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

statement

US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˈstetmənt /

noun
Record of activity in a bank account over time
Act or process of saying something formally

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

carrot

US / ˈkærət /

•

UK / ˈkærət /

noun
Reward offered to make someone do something
Long hard orange vegetable that grows underground

repayable

US / rɪˈpeɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈpeɪəbl /

adjecitve
That must be repaid

necessarily

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

•

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

adverb
In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

funding

US / ˈfʌndɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfʌndɪŋ /

verb
To supply money for something

mortgage

US / 'mɔ:ɡɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ /

noun
Long-term loan from a bank for buying property

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

shortage

US / ˈʃɔ:tɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈʃɔ:rtɪdʒ /

noun
A lack of something necessary

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

communicate

US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

verb
To give and exchange information

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

remind

US / rɪ'maɪnd /

•

UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /

verb
To cause someone to remember what they forgot

toronto

US / tə'rɒntəʊ /

•

UK / tə'rɑnto /

proper noun
A city in Canada, capital of Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario; population 2,503,281 (2

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

liberal

US / 'lɪbərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl /

adjecitve
Open-minded; willing to hear others' opinions
Political party for freedom and social change
Supporting progress and social change
Not being strict
noun
Someone who is open-minded and favors progress

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

smile

US / smaɪl /

•

UK / smaɪl /

noun
Raising the corners of the mouth showing happiness
verb
To put up the corners of mouth to show happiness

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

province

US / 'prɒvɪns /

•

UK / ˈprɑvɪns /

noun
Subject that a person has a good knowledge of
Area a country is divided into outside the capital

kick

US / kɪk /

•

UK / kɪk /

noun
Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
verb
To hit or move something with the foot

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

sustain

US / sə'steɪn /

•

UK / səˈsten /

verb
To lengthen or continue to do something
To support or maintain someone or something
To suffer something damaging or bad

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

student

US / ˈstju:dnt /

•

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

noun
Person studying at school

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

swing

US / swɪŋ /

•

UK / swɪŋ /

noun
Movement in a curved motion
Flowing, curved movement, e.g. of the arm
A back and forth motion, while hanging
Change in opinion or theme
Outdoor seat that hangs by two ropes, or chains
verb
To move something in a back and forth motion
To move in a back and forth motion, while hanging
To change opinion or mood, usually quickly

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

ride

US / raɪd /

•

UK / raɪd /

noun
Machine at an amusement park for riding on for fun
Trip on a bicycle or a horse
verb
To travel in a particular vehicle as a passenger
To sit on and control a horse or vehicle

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

cabinet

US / ˈkæbɪnət /

•

UK / ˈkæbənɪt /

noun
Piece of furniture resembling a cupboard
Group of advisors to a leader of a government

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

conservative

US / kənˈsɜ:vətɪv /

•

UK / kənˈsɚvətɪv /

adjecitve
(Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
Resistant to change
noun
Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change

frankly

US / ˈfræŋkli /

•

UK / ˈfræŋkli /

adverb
Speaking honestly and directly

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

corporation

US / ˌkɔ:pəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn /

noun
Big company or a combination of several companies

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

curl

US / kɜ:l /

•

UK / kɚrl /

noun
Something that has the shape of a curve or ring
verb
To form something into a round or curved shape
To become curved around the edges

suppose

US / sə'pəʊz /

•

UK / səˈpoʊz /

conjunction
What if
verb
To imagine or guess what might happen

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

sensitive

US / 'sensətɪv /

•

UK / ˈsɛnsɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
(Private information) needing careful treatment
Concerning awareness of small differences
Able to recognize the feelings of others
Responsive to physical touch
Becoming unstable

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

mayor

US / meə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmeɪər /

noun
Head of a town or city government

doug

US / dʌg /

•

UK / dʌg /

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

cognizant

US / 'kɒɡnɪzənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑɡnɪzənt /

adjecitve
Taking notice

beef

US / bi:f /

•

UK / bif /

noun
Red meat from cows

primarily

US / praɪˈmerəli /

•

UK / praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr- /

adverb
In the most basic or important way

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
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Introduction to Video Content

The federal government has made announcements regarding funding for housing construction in Toronto and Calgary. However, provincial governments were notably absent from these announcements. The finance minister has expressed her desire for premiers to contribute their own funding towards housing initiatives. This article will discuss the political optics surrounding these housing announcements.Last week, the Premiers criticized the Housing Accelerator Fund, expressing their disapproval of Ottawa directly dealing with cities and distributing funds without their involvement. This means that the provinces cannot take credit for the funding and have no control over its distribution. The question then arises as to whether there is a problem with the current structure and if the provinces need to step up and contribute more.The Calgary mayor, in an earlier interview, expressed her willingness to accept cash from Ottawa regardless of its source. As long as it helps alleviate the housing crisis, she is grateful for the funding. This raises the question of whether conservative premiers have misunderstood the urgency of the housing crisis and the importance of funding, regardless of its origin.It is clear that conservative premiers do understand the severity of the housing crisis, as evidenced by developments in Ontario. (200 words)

Subtitles section

Speaking of housing, we'll go to our next topic.

The federal government announced more deals to fund housing construction in Toronto and Calgary today, but absent from those announcements, provincial governments.

The finance minister says she'd be happy to have premiers kick in their own funding.

Have a look.

I am really pleased to see the premiers paying attention to municipalities.

I would love to see them providing even more support to the municipalities over whom they are proudly asserting their jurisdiction.

What are the political optics around these housing announcements?

The Power Panel is still with me to discuss this.

So, Kate, some criticism from the Premiers last week about the Housing Accelerator Fund saying that they don't like it when Ottawa goes directly to the cities and cuts deals.

They don't get to be there when they hand out the cash and the provinces doesn't get to take any credit for that.

Or assert any control.

or assert any control.

And that's the question to you.

Do you think that there is a problem with how this is all structured?

And do you think that the provinces need to step up?

I mean, we spoke to the Calgary mayor earlier in the program and she said, look, I'm not going to turn down cash from Ottawa.

If they're coming with two hundred and twenty eight million dollars, I don't care who comes from as long as it helps with this crisis.

Do you think that the conservative premiers have misfired here?

Like maybe they're just not getting it, that it's a crisis and it doesn't really matter where the cash comes from.

Yeah, no, I think they certainly get it.

And we're seeing that play out in Ontario.

Doug Ford's entire political legacy is probably going to be determined on the housing file, which is why we're seeing him switch gears on things like Greenbelt and other things.

So I think they certainly get it.

I do think it is, of course, about control and parameters.

playing a bit of a role in who gets what.

I also think the provinces are probably a little bit more sensitive to municipal concerns on things like zoning.

They're probably hearing about that much more often than necessarily the federal government.

I think at the end of the day, though, what we're seeing is a huge injection of cash from the federal government for something that is going to be realized medium to long term.

I think, you know, the Liberals are right to focus on housing.

I think the way they're going about it is going to benefit the next government and maybe the one after that, not them today.

And when it comes to kind of the jurisdictional question, we see a lot of carrot in terms of the federal government's approach.

I don't think we're seeing any stick.

We don't see the feds really asking municipalities to remove red tape and regulation.

We haven't seen any kind of parallel commitment like what Pierre Polyev has talked about in terms of actually holding cash back if certain housing targets aren't met.

So this is a really complex problem.

Seventy thousand units is great.

It's not even a drop in the bucket to the five point three million we need to sustain the growth the country is having.

But it's going to cost four hundred and fifty thousand dollars per unit based on the calculation today, which is a lot of dough for very limited short term political gain for this government.

Yeah, so the Freeland announcement in Toronto today, as you were just saying there, Kate, one point two billion dollars in loans.

They are repayable low interest loans to folks that are building these units.

And they're going to get two thousand six hundred and forty four rental homes across seven projects.

So it's a lot of money for not that many units, but I guess that's just the cost of doing business now in Canada.

Francoise, what do you make of this?

I mean, the CMHC, the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, says they need to build

three and a half million units by twenty thirty we only build about two hundred sixty thousand a year.

So we really have to turbocharge the amount of homes that we're building.

It's a huge political problem, especially among millennials.

Young people really care about this.

The largest voter bloc, the government's trying to be attentive to it.

How do you see this housing file play out?

Well, I see it as a big right now, the same way we said in the first block that the Liberals were really bad at communicating what they were trying to do with their carbon tax.

Now, all we'll see is them going to announce indifferent in as many municipalities that will welcome them with open arms and with a check.

And that makes for good TV, because I saw Minister Fraser today, I saw Chris Jeffrey Land today.

And that's just a few example.

Is it good for the country?

Is it good for the housing crisis?

I do not think so.

The ex law student in me went back to my books because I'm like, my God, when I was a politician and I was in the House of Commons, I would have dreamed to go do some announcement directly with my municipality of Gatineau.

But we were forbidden because municipalities, according to my law books, falls under provincial total exclusive jurisdiction.

So it's going to be a battle, but the feds are betting

that it looks bad to go battle jurisdiction when people need a home, need a roof on top of their head.

But this is a dangerous, dangerous play.

Just to be able to go in certain writings that you want to keep,

from here to the election, I think it's a dangerous game, and they might see province answering, doing what Quebec has been doing all along, because we do not have those problems in Quebec, because we said, no, you want to come and spend in our province?

Well, you make some deals with the province.

And for those who say, well, it takes time for the federal to negotiate with the provinces, just imagine Ontario has

four hundred and forty four municipalities.

Good luck dealing with four hundred and maybe, what, forty left to negotiate with.

And in other provinces, it's even more than that.

So it's like

Seriously, I think it's just for OPTIC, and I find it sad that we play OPTIC political game with a subject that is so serious as the housing crisis in Canada.

I was at the cabinet retreat in Charlottetown, PEI, just before this session of Parliament returned, and the government was there meeting, trying to discuss what the housing agenda would be for the fall.

cognizant of the fact that it was a big issue among young people and in the polls.

And we were quite critical of them at the time that they didn't have anything to announce.

There was no real plan.

There was nothing enunciated from that cabinet retreat that was supposed to be about housing.

We're like, OK, where's the beef?

But at least now, I guess we're seeing the beef, right?

We are seeing the Housing Accelerator Fund roll out.

Sean Fraser is racking up the Aeroplan points, flying across the country, announcing new deals seemingly every day with different municipalities, and he's getting units built.

I mean, that's what people were clamoring for, right?

People want to see homes

built and he is having some success.

Shachi, do you think that that is going to help them in the standings with millennials and young voters who really, I don't know what the latest numbers are, but I know historically over the last few months, this has been at the top of the list of priorities for them.

It continues to be a top priority.

It continues to be a top priority for two reasons.

One, because mortgage rates are as high as they are.

And so the dream of owning a home becomes that much more distant.

And also the rental factor and how rents really that the rental equation of this has skyrocketed.

A couple of points.

First of all,

I started to smile when Francoise was talking because, you know, it's almost as though we're all realizing it.

It's like that scene in Casablanca where the police inspector, Louis, who's played by Claude Rains, comes in, raids the casinos.

I'm shocked, shocked to discover gambling.

Are we shocked to discover that now some of these announcements are rolling out in what are very obviously swing ridings and in cities and urban areas that are in play?

Of course that's happening.

What else do we expect is going to happen at this stage?

But you said something a moment ago, JP, about getting units built.

What we're hearing and what we're seeing from the federal government, from this level of politician at this federal level, are announcements.

aimed at spending some money, aimed at eventually getting some units built.

And there are so many steps in between.

And I say this to you as somebody living in Metro Vancouver, speaking to you from Vancouver, where people have been clamoring for more supply and greater affordability and relief for the better part of a decade.

We've been the canary in the coal mine, and guess what?

It remains a crisis.

So dropping in from riding to riding and swing region to swing region and battleground to battleground with some checks, yes, it helps the optics and the visibility, and I'm not going to dunk on the communications of that.

But frankly, housing has not been a winning file for this government, in part because we've heard the prime minister say in the past it's not primarily a federal responsibility.

And now realizing and once again playing defense because you've got an opposition leader

who is playing on the fact that people are not necessarily experts in jurisdictional law saying, well, what are you guys doing on this front?

So it's defensive.

It's also, as Kate mentioned, the payoff comes years from now.

But in the meantime, it's like, here's a chocolate, release some endorphins.

Please just stop beating us up on so many different files.

Stevie, I think that Shachi makes a good point there that

The prime minister got in trouble for saying, well, it's primarily a provincial responsibility.

He wasn't necessarily saying that.

He said that they would step up, they would be there, they would help.

But he did kind of make that definitive statement that it maybe is more of a provincial problem.

Now they're just throwing that out the window, right?

Like, let's just cut deals with the cities directly.

I want to be there.

I want Sean Frazier to be in Calgary with that big check, and we're going to announce all these units.

Like, they've just gone the opposite direction, right?

Realizing that when it comes to politics, you might as well just do it, right?

You might as well just sign these deals.

Forget about the constitutional considerations.

Pollyev's up to twenty points among millennials.

You know, we've got to do something.

Is that a fair read of how this is playing out?

I don't think it's pure politics.

I think a crisis is a crisis, and it's a top issue, and they heard over the summer, and they've been hearing from caucus, and they've been hearing from Canadians that this is where they want their government to focus.

They've even been hearing from the opposition leader that this is where they want the government to focus, so that is where they are.

putting their focus.

And as you said, Sean Frazier has been on fire since the shuffle.

It feels like there's an announcement every week.

And like I said earlier, the FES is next week, and I think we largely anticipate seeing more housing related announcements coming out of that.

My only concern is that we may be losing

the forest for the trees here a little bit.

And there's a danger of oversaturating the voters with these housing announcements to the point where they start tuning them out.

And there aren't those economic action plan signs up to remind them.

Kate, really quick final word to you.

Where do you think this goes?

Do you think the feds will have a bunch of cash to splash around on housing?

Yeah, I think that's really the only place they seem to be putting cash lately.

Certainly would expect that to be the core focus.

But again, it's not, you can't really buy your way out of the housing crisis.

It's tied to so many things.

It's tied to immigration, which, you know, finally, just now, the government is deciding they need to link, you know, infrastructure support to and that includes housing.

and it's tied to labor shortages.

So more money for the Housing Accelerator Fund or the Rental Construction Financing Initiative, all well and good.

Not going to fix the housing crisis tomorrow, and it doesn't get at some of those more systemic challenges to do with population growth, to do with labor market shortages.

That really needs to be addressed in order to have any kind of a short term impact.

And it'll be hard for builders to build in this interest rate environment, no matter what the government does.

So that is a real concern.

OK, thank you to the power panel, Stevie O'Brien, Kate Harrison, Francoise Boivin, and Shashi Curl.

You guys are great.

Thank you so much for joining us tonight.

Thank you.