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Fibrocystic Breast, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Video vocabulary

channel

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US / 'tʃænl /

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
  • TV or radio station or its programs
  • Method or way of sending or receiving information
  • Narrow passage through which water travels
  • Method or route used for sending or getting things
  • verb
  • To dig a long hole for carrying water
  • To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
  • To direct water or liquid through a passage
  • To direct energy or feelings into something

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

sore

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US / sɔ:(r) /

UK / sɔr, sor /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Angry; annoyed
  • Upset or angry about something that happened
  • Feeling or giving pain, as when skin is rubbed
  • noun
  • An open or raised painful spot on the skin

continuous

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US / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

UK / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening, existing, or performed without stops

visual

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US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to vision
  • noun
  • Pictures/images used to help audience understand

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2
  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
  • To make something smaller in size, amount, level

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

cancer

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US / 'kænsə(r) /

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

pain

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US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

contraceptive

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US / ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv /

UK / ˌkɑ:ntrəˈseptɪv /

B2
  • noun
  • Device used to prevent pregnancy

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

share

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US / ʃeə(r) /

UK / ʃɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Part-ownership in a property, business or company
  • Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
  • verb
  • To divide something between two or more people
  • To allow others to use your things equally
  • To give information, etc. to someone

swell

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US / swel /

UK / swɛl /

B1
  • noun
  • Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
  • Act of growing in size or increasing in number
  • The size of the waves (surfing)
  • verb
  • To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
  • To increase in size or number larger than normal
  • To become larger than normal, often due to injury

doctor

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US / ˈdɒktə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
  • Person awarded the highest university degree
  • verb
  • To treat someone's illness
  • To change something in order to trick someone

estrogen

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US / 'i:strədʒən /

UK / ˈɛstrədʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • General term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typi

firm

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US / fɜ:m /

UK / fɚm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Fairly hard or solid, not soft
  • Unchanging and strong
  • noun
  • Company that sells goods or services
  • verb
  • To make something become more solid or durable

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

during

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US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

A1
  • preposition
  • At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

node

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US / nəʊd /

UK / noʊd /

B1
  • noun
  • A junction point in a network or stem
  • Raised area caused by a mass of cells in the body

thicken

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US / ˈθɪkən /

UK / ˈθɪkən /

B1
  • verb
  • To make something more dense or concentrated
  • To become more complex or difficult to understand
  • To make thicker

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tissue

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US / ˈtɪʃu: /

UK / ˈtɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
  • Thin soft paper for blowing the nose, etc.

monthly

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US / ˈmʌnθli /

UK / ˈmʌnθli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Occurring about once every 4 weeks

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

cause

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US / kɔ:z /

UK / kɔz /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • Reason for
  • verb
  • To make something happen; create effect or result

similar

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US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

uncomfortable

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US / ʌnˈkʌmftəbl /

UK / ʌnˈkʌmfətəbəl, -ˈkʌmftə- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not being relaxed; worried about something

biopsy

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US / ˈbaɪɒpsi /

UK / ˈbaɪɑ:psi /

A1
  • noun
  • Removal and analysis of body tissue

lymph

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US / lɪmf /

UK / lɪmf /

C1
  • noun
  • Clear fluid containing white blood cells

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

area

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US / 'eərɪə /

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of measured space
  • A specific section or space; part of a region
  • A subject or field of study

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

normal

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US / 'nɔ:ml /

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • Having standard mental or physical ability, health

compress

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US / kəmˈpres /

UK / kəmˈprɛs /

B1
  • verb
  • To press tightly together
  • To make smaller; reduce in time, size etc.

fibrocystic

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US / faɪbrəʊ'sɪstɪk /

UK / ˌfaɪbroʊ'sɪstɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

swollen

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US / ˈswəʊlən /

UK / ˈswolən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Increased in size due to injury
  • verb
  • To increase in size or number larger than normal
  • To become larger than normal, often due to injury

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

fluid

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US / 'flu:ɪd /

UK / ˈfluɪd /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
  • Able to move smoothly or gracefully
  • Changing often and without warning
  • noun
  • Liquid that flows smoothly, such as water

relate

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US / rɪ'leɪt /

UK / rɪˈlet /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate a logical relationship between
  • To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
  • To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

mild

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US / maɪld /

UK / maɪld /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Gentle in nature or behavior
  • Being neither too cold nor too hot

withdraw

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US / wɪð'drɔ: /

UK / wɪðˈdrɔ, wɪθ- /

B1
  • verb
  • To take money out of a bank account
  • To pull back; move away or backward from something
  • To remove something from its place or position
  • To stop taking a strong, usually illegal, drug
  • To take something back that was given or offered

acetaminophen

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US / əˌsi:təˈmɪnəfen /

UK / əˌsitəˈmɪnəfən, ˌæsə- /

A1
  • other
  • An analgesic for mild pain but not for inflammation; also used as an antipyretic; (Datril, Tylenol,

examination

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US / ɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn /

UK / ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • (Medical) test to find out what is wrong
  • Test of your knowledge of, or ability in something
  • A close look at something to assess it

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

characterize

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US / 'kærəktəraɪz /

UK / ˈkærəktəˌraɪz /

A2
  • verb
  • To describe the qualities of person, place, thing

associate

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US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Part of a job title indicating a junior position
  • noun
  • Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
  • verb
  • To spend time with other people; mix with
  • To form a connection in your mind between things

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

persist

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US / pə'sɪst /

UK / pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst /

B1
  • verb
  • To continue a course of action despite opposition

relieve

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US / rɪ'li:v /

UK / rɪˈliv /

B1
  • verb
  • To make less boring by making some change
  • To replace workers with others
  • To make a problem less difficult or serious
  • To reduce pain, stress or an unpleasant feeling

age

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US / eɪdʒ /

UK / edʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • To get older
  • noun
  • Period of time in history
  • Number of years a person or thing has lived

cyst

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US / sɪst /

UK / sɪst /

C1
  • noun
  • Lump containing liquid growing in your body

medical

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US / ˈmedɪkl /

UK / ˈmɛdɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to physical health or medicine
  • noun
  • A health check or test

respond

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US / rɪ'spɒnd /

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To answer something or someone
  • To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

lumpiness

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US / 'lʌmpɪnəs /

UK / 'lʌmpɪnəs /

A1
  • noun
  • Having bumps or lumps

lessen

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US / 'lesn /

UK / ˈlɛsən /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something smaller in amount or importance

option

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US / 'ɒpʃn /

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A choice
  • Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

discharge

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US / dɪsˈtʃɑ:dʒ /

UK / dɪsˈtʃɑ:rdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • A substance that has been released
  • The retirement of someone from service e.g. army
  • Act of firing a weapon
  • Substance that is released
  • verb
  • To complete a task that has been assigned
  • To produce or release a substance
  • To deliver an electric charge
  • To let someone leave the army or other service
  • To fire or shoot (a gun)
  • To release a person or thing from jail, hospital

lumpy

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US / 'lʌmpɪ /

UK / ˈlʌmpi /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Like or containing small hard or sticky lumps

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

severe

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US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

UK / səˈvɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very bad; harsh
  • Being very serious or extremely bad
  • (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

update

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US / ˌʌpˈdeɪt /

UK / ʌpˈdet /

B1
  • noun
  • Addition of a current version of something
  • New information or data to make more current
  • verb
  • To download the latest version of software
  • To make more current or modern

symptom

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US / 'sɪmptəm /

UK / ˈsɪmtəm, ˈsɪmp- /

B1
  • noun
  • Sign that suggests that there is a problem

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

aspiration

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US / ˌæspəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌæspəˈreʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Great desire to achieve something

medication

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US / ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness

painful

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US / ˈpeɪnfl /

UK / ˈpenfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing or feeling physical pain or hurt

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

topic

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US / 'tɒpɪk /

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Subject or issue people talk or write about

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

premenopausal

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US / priːˌmenəˈpɔːz(ə)l /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • Prior to menopause

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

fluctuate

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US / 'flʌktʃʊeɪt /

UK / ˈflʌktʃuˌet /

B1
  • verb
  • To shift back and forth uncertainly; change a lot

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

community

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US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people who share a common idea or area

expert

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US / 'ekspɜ:t /

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having special knowledge or skill
  • noun
  • Skillful person with special knowledge

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

wear

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US / weə(r) /

UK / wer /

A1
  • noun
  • Clothing designed for a purpose e.g. skiing
  • Damage from continual use over a long period
  • verb
  • To have clothes, glasses, shoes etc. on your body
  • To display an expression or emotion on the face
  • To become weaker or damaged from continued use

abnormal

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US / æbˈnɔ:ml /

UK / æbˈnɔ:rml /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not normal, not typical, not usual, not regular

needle

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US / 'ni:dl /

UK / ˈnidl /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a medical device used to inject medicine
  • Very thin pointed object used in sewing
  • Thin pointed leaves of some trees, e.g. pine tree
  • verb
  • To upset someone by making rude or hurtful remarks

upper

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US / ˈʌpə(r) /

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Located above others of the same kind
  • Being the northern part of a region
  • Being closer to the source of a river
  • noun
  • Drug that improves mood or increases energy
  • Something happy or encouraging
  • Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

collapse

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US / kə'læps /

UK / kəˈlæps /

B1
  • verb
  • To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
  • To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
  • To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

dangerous

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US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

tenderness

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US / 'tendənɪs /

UK / ˈtɛndɚnɪs /

B2
  • noun
  • Pain that is felt (as when the area is touched)

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

clear

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US / klɪə(r) /

UK / klɪr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Empty; without anything in it or on it
  • Being certain and without doubt
  • Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
  • Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely; through the whole of
  • Away from; free from
  • verb
  • To recover from or remove a problem
  • To get rid of the entire contents of
  • To give permission for something to happen
  • To make a place or surface empty by removing
  • To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

review

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US / rɪˈvju: /

UK / rɪˈvju /

A2
  • noun
  • Examination of soldiers and supplies
  • Opinion, as in a paper, about movie, book, or play
  • Studying again to remind yourself about something
  • verb
  • To carefully look at the quality of something
  • To formally examine something in the military
  • To write an opinion about movie, book, or play
  • To study again to remind yourself about something

dark

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US / dɑ:k /

UK / dɑrk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of a color that is not light
  • Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
  • Having little or no light; not light in color
  • noun
  • The time of day when the sky is black

estimate

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US / 'estɪmət /

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

A2
  • noun
  • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • verb
  • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

bra

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US / brɑ: /

UK / brɑ /

B2
  • noun
  • Woman’s undergarment worn to support the breasts

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

size

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US / saɪz /

UK / saɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • How big or small a thing is
  • Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
  • verb
  • To make something to fit a particular measurement
  • To organize or group from small to large

texture

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US / ˈtekstʃə(r) /

UK / ˈtɛkstʃɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Quality from different elements, as in music
  • Look and feel of a substance or material
  • verb
  • To give a particular look or feel to a surface

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

usually

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US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Normally; regularly

commonly

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US / ˈkɒmənli /

UK / ˈkɑmənlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Typically, normally; not unusually

oral

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US / ˈɔ:rəl /

UK / ˈɔrəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the mouth
  • Spoken text

potentially

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US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • That could happen or become reality

apply

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US / ə'plaɪ /

UK / əˈplaɪ /

A1
  • verb
  • To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
  • To commit your time and effort to doing something
  • To make something useful in a certain situation
  • To be relevant for a situation
  • To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

especially

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US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • More than usual; extremely

reliever

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US / rɪˈliːvə(r) /

UK / rɪˈliːvər /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who reduces the intensity (e.g., of fears) and calms and pacifies

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

carry

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US / ˈkæri /

UK / ˈkæri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have a child, be pregnant
  • To have a disease you might give to others
  • (Of stores) to sell a particular product
  • To hold something and move it to another place
  • To travel a long distance (sound)
  • To support the weight or burden of something

disease

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US / dɪˈzi:z /

UK / dɪˈziz /

A2
  • noun
  • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

mammogram

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US / 'mæməɡræm /

UK / 'mæməɡræm /

C2
  • noun
  • X-ray film of the soft tissue of the breast

lump

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US / lʌmp /

UK / lʌmp /

B1
  • noun
  • Small swollen mass in body, e.g. showing disease
  • A small hard part of something smooth
  • verb
  • To combine things together in a group

subscribe

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US / səb'skraɪb /

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

B1
  • verb
  • To regularly pay to receive a service

neck

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US / nek /

UK / nɛk /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of the body joining the head and the body
  • Opening of a piece of clothing for your head
  • verb
  • (Lovers) to play affectionately; kissing

please

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US / pli:z /

UK / pliz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used when you politely ask people for things
  • verb
  • To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
  • To make someone happy by doing something

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

formerly

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US / ˈfɔ:məli: /

UK / ˈfɔrməli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a past time; at a time before now

ibuprofen

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US / ˌaɪbju:'prəʊfen /

UK / ˌaɪbju:'proʊfen /

A1
  • noun
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic medicine (trade names Advil and Motrin and Nuprin) used

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

arm

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US / ɑ:m /

UK / ɑrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
  • A branch of another object e.g. company
  • The side part of a chair where your arms go
  • The influence or power an authority has
  • verb
  • To activate a weapon or bomb for use
  • To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

manual

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US / ˈmænjuəl /

UK / ˈmænjuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done by hand (not machine)
  • (Of a car) using individual gears ( not automatic)
  • noun
  • Book explaining how to use a machine

nipple

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US / ˈnɪpl /

UK / ˈnɪpəl /

B2
  • noun
  • Part of a breast; (on a woman) part baby sucks

breast

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US / brest /

UK / brɛst /

B1
  • noun
  • Fleshy part of a woman's body for feeding babies
  • (Poetic) upper front part of the body; the heart

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

suggest

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US / səˈdʒest /

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

A1
  • verb
  • To mention something that could be done; propose

treat

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US / tri:t /

UK / trit /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you buy for others as a surprise present
  • something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
  • verb
  • To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
  • To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
  • To act in a certain way toward someone

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

cancerous

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US / 'kænsərəs /

UK / ˈkænsɚrəs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being a growth caused by abnormal cell division

fine

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US / faɪn /

UK / faɪn /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Good, acceptable or satisfactory
  • Of high quality; made with great skill
  • In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
  • Being of high quality
  • Good; okay; no problem
  • (Of weather) good; not raining
  • noun
  • Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
  • verb
  • To pay money because you broke a law

hormone

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US / 'hɔ:məʊn /

UK / ˈhɔrˌmon /

B2
  • noun
  • Chemical produced by the body to control functions

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

identify

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US / aɪ'dentɪfaɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To indicate who or what someone or something is

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

woman

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US / ˈwʊmən /

UK / ˈwʊmən /

A1
  • noun
  • Adult female human being

specific

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US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

discomfort

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US / dɪsˈkʌmfət /

UK / dɪsˈkʌmfərt /

B2
  • noun
  • Feelings of being uncomfortable or uneasy
  • verb
  • To cause to feel uncomfortable or not at ease

bothersome

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US / ˈbɒðəsəm /

UK / ˈbɑ:ðərsəm /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing problems, concerns or worry for someone

such

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US / sʌtʃ /

UK / sʌtʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Being similar to
  • (Thing) as previously stated or referred to
  • adverb
  • (Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

warm

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US / wɔ:m /

UK / wɔrm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Friendly, sincere and kind to others
  • Being friendly or sincere
  • Slightly hot; not very hot
  • verb
  • To become more friendly or to like something
  • To make something hotter

exact

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US / ɪɡ'zækt /

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Completely correct; accurate; specific
  • verb
  • To get something, sometimes using force

lower

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US / 'ləʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position more near the bottom
  • verb
  • To move something downward to the ground

test

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US / test /

UK / test /

A1
  • noun
  • A medical examination
  • Action to establish the truth or nature of
  • Examination; questions to measure knowledge
  • verb
  • To be given a medical examination
  • To try to establish the truth or nature of
  • To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

check

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US / tʃek /

UK / tʃɛk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Decorated with squares made up of lines
  • noun
  • Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
  • Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
  • A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
  • Mark used to show that something is correct
  • Procedure to prevent errors or control something
  • verb
  • To confirm the details of something are correct
  • To leave your things with staff who look after it
  • To examine something to see if something is wrong
  • To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

difficult

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US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

green

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US / gri:n /

UK / ɡrin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of young leaves
  • Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
  • Concerned about protecting the environment
  • The color of young leaves
  • Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
  • Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
  • noun
  • Large grassy area
  • used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

cycle

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US / ˈsaɪkl /

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Series of regular and repeated actions
  • Bicycle, bike
  • verb
  • To go through a series of events repeatedly
  • To ride on a bicycle

diagnosis

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US / ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs /

UK / ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsɪs /

B1
  • other
  • Judgments by a doctor about a person's illness

strong

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US / strɒŋ /

UK / strɔŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tea or beer) dark or thick
  • Having big muscles; physically powerful

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

association

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US / əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn /

UK / əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Organization of people with the same interest

replace

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US / rɪ'pleɪs /

UK / rɪˈples /

A2
  • verb
  • To use instead of something else
  • To return an item to its original location

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

supportive

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US / səˈpɔ:tɪv /

UK / səˈpɔ:rtɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Providing help and support to someone or something
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • Fibrocystic breast is a non-cancerous condition characterized by breast tissue that feels lumpy or rope-like in texture and may be painful at times. It is estimated that up to 60% of women experience fibrocystic changes at some point in their lives, with premenopausal women between the ages of 30 and 50 being most commonly affected. Fibrocystic breasts are not dangerous, but they may cause discomfort for some women. This condition is now referred to as fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic breast changes, replacing the term fibrocystic breast disease. The reason for this change is that having fibrocystic breasts is not a disease, but rather a normal change in breast tissue. It is important to note that fibrocystic breast does not increase the risk of getting cancer. However, the breast changes associated with this condition can make it more challenging for doctors to identify potentially cancerous lumps during breast exams and mammograms. The exact cause of fibrocystic breasts is unknown, but it is believed to be strongly associated with hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen. Breast tissue responds to these hormone changes during the menstrual cycle, which can cause discomfort in areas of lumpy breast tissue that feel sore and swollen. Symptoms of fibrocystic breasts include generalized breast pain or tenderness, similar breast changes in both breasts, a monthly increase in breast pain or lumpiness related to the menstrual period, breast lumps that change in size with the menstrual cycle, swelling, and dark brown or green discharge from the nipple.
  • Subtitles section
  • Today's topic is fibrocystic breasts.
  • Fibrocystic breast is a non-cancerous condition characterized by breast tissue that feels lumpy or rope-like in texture and may be painful at times.
  • Fibrocystic breasts are not dangerous, but they may be uncomfortable for some women.
  • It is estimated that up to 60% of women experience fibrocystic changes at some point in their lives.
  • Premenopausal women between the ages of 30 and 50 are most commonly affected.
  • In the medical community, fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic breast changes have now replaced fibrocystic breast disease, the term formerly used to refer to this condition.
  • This is because having fibrocystic breasts is not really a disease, as breast changes characterized as fibrocystic are considered normal.
  • Fibrocystic breast doesn't increase the risk of getting cancer.
  • But breast changes associated with this condition can make it more difficult for doctors to identify potentially cancerous lumps during breast exams and on mammograms.
  • Causes.
  • The exact cause of this condition is unknown, but experts suggest a strong association between hormones, especially estrogen, and breast changes.
  • Breast tissue responds to fluctuating hormone levels during menstrual cycle.
  • This can cause discomfort in areas of lumpy breast tissue that feel sore and swollen.
  • Fibrocystic breast changes are more bothersome right before the menstrual period, and the pain may lessen or clear up once menstrual period begins.
  • Symptoms.
  • Generalized breast pain or tenderness.
  • Similar breast changes in both breasts.
  • Monthly increase in breast pain or lumpiness related to menstrual period.
  • Breast lumps that changes in size with menstrual cycle.
  • Swelling.
  • Dark brown or green discharge from the nipple.
  • You should see a doctor if… Breast changes persist after period.
  • There is a new breast lump or area of thickening.
  • You have specific areas of continuous or worsening breast pain.
  • Diagnosis and treatment.
  • To make a diagnosis, the doctor will carry out tests, including reviewing symptoms.
  • Clinical breast exam to check for lumps and abnormal areas by visual and manual examination of breasts and the lymph nodes in the lower neck and upper arm.
  • Mammogram.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Breast biopsy.
  • A fine needle aspiration to see if fluid can be withdrawn from your lump.
  • Treatment.
  • For people experiencing no or mild symptoms, treatment is usually not needed.
  • Severe pain or large, painful cyst may need to be treated.
  • Treatment options include… Medications.
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, to reduce discomfort.
  • Applying a warm compress can also help relieve pain in the breast.
  • Oral contraceptives.
  • Fine needle aspiration to help drain fluid from the cyst.
  • This helps to collapse the cyst and reduce discomfort.
  • Wearing firm and supportive bra.
  • Thank you for watching our video.
  • Please do not forget to like and share the video.
  • Also, please subscribe to the channel to stay updated on our latest videos.