Subtitles section
Repeat sentence
Subtitles mode
Full screen
Previous
Next
x 1.0
Playback speed
More

Find Out The Deeper Causes of Brittle Nails

Video vocabulary

contain

Copy vocabulary

US / kənˈteɪn /

UK / kənˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep something from spreading
  • To hold something inside something else

eat

Copy vocabulary

US / i:t /

UK / it /

A1
  • verb
  • To put food in your mouth

inside

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

million

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

probably

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

profile

Copy vocabulary

US / 'prəʊfaɪl /

UK / ˈproˌfaɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • A short description of a person or group
  • Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
  • verb
  • To write a short description of a person or group

once

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

clue

Copy vocabulary

US / klu: /

UK / klu /

B1
  • noun
  • Information that helps explain something; hint

reason

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

reproductive

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌri:prəˈdʌktɪv /

UK / ˌriprəˈdʌktɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the process of making children
  • Relating to having children, young, or new plants

either

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
  • adverb
  • (After negative statements) likewise, in addition
  • conjunction
  • Used as the first of two connected things
  • determiner
  • Used as the first of two connected things
  • pronoun
  • The one or the other

here

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

complicate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt /

UK / ˈkɑ:mplɪkeɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To make more difficult to do, understand or use

production

Copy vocabulary

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of producing or growing food naturally
  • Process of making something on a large scale
  • Process of making a movie or TV show

satisfied

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsætɪsfaɪd /

UK / ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happy because you got what you wanted; content
  • verb
  • To make someone happy because they got their wish
  • To do what is required in order to finish

small

Copy vocabulary

US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

swollen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈswəʊlən /

UK / ˈswolən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Increased in size due to injury
  • verb
  • To increase in size or number larger than normal
  • To become larger than normal, often due to injury

try

Copy vocabulary

US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

develop

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'veləp /

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

A1
  • verb
  • To explain something in steps and in detail
  • To create or think of something
  • To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
  • To make a photograph from film

certain

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

combine

Copy vocabulary

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To mix several things together to form one thing

actually

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

amino

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'miːnəʊ /

UK / ə'miːnəʊ /

C2
  • noun
  • Of some substances that form proteins

realize

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

A1
  • verb
  • To become aware of or understand mentally

use

Copy vocabulary

US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

brittle

Copy vocabulary

US / 'brɪtl /

UK / ˈbrɪtl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Easily broken, cracked, or snapped

flow

Copy vocabulary

US / fləʊ /

UK / flo /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of something that moves through an area
  • verb
  • To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

survival

Copy vocabulary

US / səˈvaɪvl /

UK / sɚˈvaɪvəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of continuing to exist when facing difficulty

athlete

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈæθli:t /

UK / ˈæθˌlit /

B1
  • noun
  • Person trained to compete in sports

always

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

diet

Copy vocabulary

US / 'daɪət /

UK / ˈdaɪɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Plan of eating to reduce weight or improve health
  • other
  • The usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
  • verb
  • To eat special or less food, as to lose weight

many

Copy vocabulary

US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

will

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

balanced

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbælənst /

UK / ˈbælənst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being stable having equal weight on both sides
  • verb
  • To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
  • To make two or more things equal

incomplete

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t /

UK / ˌɪnkəmˈplit /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not finished; not having everything necessary

sort

Copy vocabulary

US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

unless

Copy vocabulary

US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

should

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

myself

Copy vocabulary

US / maɪˈself /

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • The same person who did the action mentioned
  • My regular, usual, or healthy self

pop

Copy vocabulary

US / pɒp /

UK / pɑp /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Type of music or art popular with many people
  • noun
  • Sweet soda drink
  • verb
  • To cause something to open or burst suddenly
  • To go to or in a place for a brief period of time

those

Copy vocabulary

US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

belly

Copy vocabulary

US / 'belɪ /

UK / ˈbɛli /

B2
  • noun
  • Middle part of the body; the stomach
  • verb
  • To expand outward; swell
  • To swell like a balloon

definitely

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without question; beyond doubt

pork

Copy vocabulary

US / pɔ:k /

UK / pɔ:rk /

B2
  • noun
  • Meat of a pig, used for food

prebiotic

Copy vocabulary

US / pri:baɪ'ɒtɪk /

UK / ˌpri:baɪ'ɒtɪk /

A1
  • adjective
  • Existing or occurring before the emergence of life.
  • noun
  • A nondigestible food ingredient that promotes the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intesti

bore

Copy vocabulary

US / bɔ:(r) /

UK / bɔr, bor /

A1
  • verb
  • To accept (responsibilities or duties)
  • To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
  • To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
  • To show (sign of something)
  • To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
  • To make a deep hole in the ground with a drill
  • To make someone not interested in something

carb

Copy vocabulary

US / kɑːb /

UK / kɑːrb /

A1
  • noun
  • Short form of carbohydrate

grow

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

salmon

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsæmən /

UK / ˈsæmən /

B1
  • noun
  • Light pinkish orange color
  • Large fish with silver skin and pink flesh

since

Copy vocabulary

US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

specifically

Copy vocabulary

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

A2
  • adverb
  • As regards a particular thing; closely related to
  • In particular

vegetable

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvedʒtəbl /

UK / ˈvɛdʒtəbəl, ˈvɛdʒɪtə- /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Made from plants such as tomato, lettuce, carrots
  • noun
  • Plant that is raised and eaten as food

well

Copy vocabulary

US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

start

Copy vocabulary

US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

combination

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
  • Act or result of mixing things together

much

Copy vocabulary

US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

probiotic

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌprəʊbaɪ'ɒtɪk /

UK / ˌproʊbaɪ'ɑ:tɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Beneficial bacterium found in the intestinal tract of healthy mammals; often considered to be a plan

oil

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔɪl /

UK / ɔɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • A liquid used for frying foods
  • Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
  • verb
  • To add a liquid for frying foods
  • To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

strong

Copy vocabulary

US / strɒŋ /

UK / strɔŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tea or beer) dark or thick
  • Having big muscles; physically powerful

system

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

amount

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'maʊnt /

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Quantity of something
  • verb
  • To add up to a certain figure

leg

Copy vocabulary

US / leɡ /

UK / lɛɡ /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of the body from the hips down
  • The piece of furniture that touches the ground

never

Copy vocabulary

US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

animal

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈænɪml /

UK / ˈænəməl /

A1
  • noun
  • A living creature that is not a plant or person

just

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

line

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

talk

Copy vocabulary

US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

consume

Copy vocabulary

US / kən'sju:m /

UK / kənˈsum /

A2
  • verb
  • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • To take all your energy; focus the attention

difficult

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

check

Copy vocabulary

US / tʃek /

UK / tʃɛk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Decorated with squares made up of lines
  • noun
  • Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
  • Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
  • A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
  • Mark used to show that something is correct
  • Procedure to prevent errors or control something
  • verb
  • To confirm the details of something are correct
  • To leave your things with staff who look after it
  • To examine something to see if something is wrong
  • To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

green

Copy vocabulary

US / gri:n /

UK / ɡrin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of young leaves
  • Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
  • Concerned about protecting the environment
  • The color of young leaves
  • Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
  • Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
  • noun
  • Large grassy area
  • used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

magnesium

Copy vocabulary

US / mægˈni:ziəm /

UK / mæɡˈniziəm,-ʒəm /

C2
  • noun
  • Silver, white metal burning with a white flame

nutrient

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈnju:triənt /

UK / ˈnutriənt /

B1
  • noun
  • A chemical living things needs to be healthy

question

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

for

Copy vocabulary

US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

necessarily

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

time

Copy vocabulary

US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

trace

Copy vocabulary

US / treɪs /

UK / tres /

B1
  • noun
  • Very small quantity of something
  • verb
  • To make an outline to determine a shape
  • To find someone or something that has disappeared
  • To draw the outline of an image through thin paper

through

Copy vocabulary

US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

Copy vocabulary

US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

example

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

chronically

Copy vocabulary

US / 'krɒnɪklɪ /

UK / 'krɒnɪklɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • In a habitual and long-standing manner

happen

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

recommend

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌrekə'mend /

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To advise or suggest that someone do something

element

Copy vocabulary

US / 'elɪmənt /

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Essential or particular part of something

get

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

roughly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈrʌfli /

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
  • In a manner that is violent or not careful
  • In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
  • In a basic, simple manner

block

Copy vocabulary

US / blɒk /

UK / blɑk /

A2
  • noun
  • Solid piece of material used for building
  • A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
  • Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
  • Building made up of offices or apartments
  • Area of a city divided by four streets
  • verb
  • To stop from going forward or making progress

egg

Copy vocabulary

US / eg /

UK / ɛɡ /

A2
  • noun
  • Hard-shelled thing from which a young bird is born

down

Copy vocabulary

US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

fatigue

Copy vocabulary

US / fəˈti:g /

UK / fəˈtiɡ /

B2
  • noun
  • Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
  • Being very tired
  • verb
  • To cause someone or something to become very tired

then

Copy vocabulary

US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

vegan

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvi:gən /

UK / ˈviɡən, ˈvɛdʒən /

C1
  • noun
  • Vegetarian who eats no animal or dairy products

lack

Copy vocabulary

US / læk /

UK / læk /

A2
  • noun
  • The state of not having or not having enough of
  • A shortage of something
  • verb
  • To not have, or not have enough, of something

place

Copy vocabulary

US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

similar

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

understanding

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ /

UK / ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sympathetic
  • noun
  • When you get the meaning correctly; comprehension
  • Knowledge about something or someone
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

beef

Copy vocabulary

US / bi:f /

UK / bif /

A2
  • noun
  • Red meat from cows

energy

Copy vocabulary

US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

enough

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
  • Adequate number or amount

mean

Copy vocabulary

US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

require

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

tend

Copy vocabulary

US / tend /

UK / tɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To move or act in a certain manner
  • To take care of
  • To regularly behave in a certain way

type

Copy vocabulary

US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

microflora

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌmaɪkrəʊˈflɒrə /

UK / ˌmaɪkroʊˈflɔːrə /

A1
  • noun
  • Microscopic plants; bacteria are often considered to be microflora

right

Copy vocabulary

US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

strengthen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈstreŋθn /

UK / ˈstrɛŋkθən,ˈstrɛŋ-,ˈstrɛn- /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something stronger

interesting

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

hit

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪt /

UK / hɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
  • Time when a player makes contact with the ball
  • Time when a website is accessed
  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • To press something, such as a button or switch
  • To suddenly realize the importance of something
  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
  • To fight, attack or damage something or someone
  • To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

number

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

methionine

Copy vocabulary

US / meˈθaɪəˌniːn /

UK / məˈθaɪəˌniːn /

A1
  • noun
  • Crystalline amino acid containing sulfur; found in most proteins and essential for nutrition

requirement

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • A demand that someone does something
  • Something that is a necessity

tissue

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtɪʃu: /

UK / ˈtɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
  • Thin soft paper for blowing the nose, etc.

tell

Copy vocabulary

US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

stay

Copy vocabulary

US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

about

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

deficient

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈfɪʃnt /

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking something necessary

different

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

Copy vocabulary

US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

indicator

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈɪndɪˌketɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • An instrument that shows temperature, speed etc.

iron

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈaɪən /

UK / ˈaɪərn /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very tough, strong, and determined
  • noun
  • Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
  • Golf club with a metal head
  • Strong hard metal used to make steel
  • verb
  • To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes

nail

Copy vocabulary

US / neɪl /

UK / nel /

B1
  • noun
  • Pointed piece of metal used to join pieces of wood
  • Hard part at the end of your finger
  • verb
  • To attach things together with metal nails
  • To catch someone doing an illegal activity
  • To complete something perfectly or successfully

people

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

like

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

what

Copy vocabulary

US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

Copy vocabulary

US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

average

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items

body

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbɒd.i /

UK / ˈbɑdi /

A1
  • noun
  • An object distinct from other objects
  • A group of people involved in an activity together
  • Main part of something
  • A person's physical self

make

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

pepper

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpepə(r) /

UK / ˈpɛpɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To spread around randomly, as with bullets
  • noun
  • Green, red, or yellow vegetable with hollow center
  • Hard covering of berries used as spices

choline

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kəuli:n /

UK / 'kəuli:n /

A1
  • noun
  • A B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat

classify

Copy vocabulary

US / 'klæsɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈklæsəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To arrange things into groups of similar items
  • To keep some information secret from the public

material

Copy vocabulary

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
  • Belonging to the world of physical things
  • noun
  • Cloth; fabric
  • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
  • Substance from which a thing is made of

person

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

might

Copy vocabulary

US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

let

Copy vocabulary

US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

the

Copy vocabulary

US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

unfortunately

Copy vocabulary

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

chicken

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtʃɪkɪn /

UK / ˈtʃɪkən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Acting like a coward
  • noun
  • A bird raised for its eggs and meat
  • Someone who is too afraid to do something

indigestion

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪndɪˈdʒestʃən /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən, -daɪ- /

C1
  • noun
  • Difficulty in digesting food, e.g. causing pain

garlic

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɡɑ:lɪk /

UK / ˈɡɑrlɪk /

B2
  • noun
  • Strong-smelling white bulb used in cooking

may

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

this

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

Copy vocabulary

US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

also

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

kind

Copy vocabulary

US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

how

Copy vocabulary

US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

you

Copy vocabulary

US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

cysteine

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪstɪˌiːn /

UK / ˈsɪstəˌin; ˈsɪstəˌɪn; ˈsɪstiˌin /

A1
  • noun
  • Amino acid containing sulfur that is found in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cys

immune

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈmju:n /

UK / ɪˈmjoon /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law

intestinal

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪntes'taɪnl /

UK / ɪnˈtɛstənəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or inside the intestines

soluble

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɒljəbl /

UK / ˈsɑ:ljəbl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to dissolve or be dissolved in a liquid
  • Able to be solved

extract

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ekstrækt /

UK / ɪkˈstrækt /

B1
  • noun
  • Essential ingredient of a natural thing
  • Part taken from a longer written work
  • verb
  • To get a substance out of a plant, etc.
  • To get a person to share secret information
  • To remove something by pulling or cutting

into

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

other

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

overdo

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌəʊvə'du: /

UK / ˌovɚˈdu /

C1
  • verb
  • To do or use too much of something

one

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

than

Copy vocabulary

US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

Copy vocabulary

US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

versus

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvə:səs /

UK / ˈvɚsəs, -səz /

A2
  • preposition
  • Used to show that two things are competing

deep

Copy vocabulary

US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

hungry

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhʌŋgri /

UK / ˈhʌŋɡri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling a need or want to eat food
  • Being eager to get or do something

genetic

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒəˈnetɪk /

UK / dʒəˈnɛtɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes

level

Copy vocabulary

US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

plant

Copy vocabulary

US / plɑ:nt /

UK / plænt /

A2
  • noun
  • Factory or a place where things are made
  • Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
  • verb
  • To firmly position something (in the ground)
  • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

differently

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dɪfrəntlɪ /

UK / ˈdɪfərəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In another and different manner

specific

Copy vocabulary

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

anemia

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'ni:mi:ə /

UK / əˈnimiə /

B2
  • noun
  • Condition of not having enough red blood cells

absorption

Copy vocabulary

US / əbˈsɔ:pʃn /

UK / əbˈsɔ:rpʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • Process of being absorbed e.g. liquid, attention

affect

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

put

Copy vocabulary

US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

two

Copy vocabulary

US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

any

Copy vocabulary

US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

dive

Copy vocabulary

US / daɪv /

UK / daɪv /

B1
  • noun
  • Restaurant, bar or club with a bad reputation
  • Rapid fall through air
  • A jump into water head-first from a high place
  • Rapid fall in the value or price of something
  • verb
  • To swim deep under water with an air supply
  • To rapid fall through air
  • To jump into water head-first
  • (Of prices) to rapidly fall

help

Copy vocabulary

US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

think

Copy vocabulary

US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

skin

Copy vocabulary

US / skɪn /

UK / skɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
  • Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
  • Outer layer of an animal or human
  • Outer part of an object, such as a plane
  • verb
  • To defeat someone easily and completely
  • To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
  • To remove the outer covering from an animal

another

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

emphasize

Copy vocabulary

US / 'emfəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz /

B2
  • verb
  • To stress the items that are important

issue

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

collagen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkɒlədʒən /

UK / ˈkɑlədʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Type of protein that is often used in skin cream and in plastic surgery because it makes skin look y

real

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

and

Copy vocabulary

US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

Copy vocabulary

US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

hair

Copy vocabulary

US / heə(r) /

UK / her /

A1
  • noun
  • Long thin strands growing on your head or body
  • Short distance; a very small amount

keratin

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkerətɪn /

UK / ˈkɛrətɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair,

lot

Copy vocabulary

US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

Copy vocabulary

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
  • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
  • noun
  • High-ranking officer in the army
  • Main subject you study at university
  • verb
  • To study a particular subject at university

sugar

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʃʊgə(r) /

UK / ˈʃʊɡɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance which the body stores or uses for energy
  • Amount of sugar contained in a small spoon
  • Used to address someone you like or love
  • White sweet substance used to make foods sweeter
  • verb
  • To add, put on, or mix a food or drink with sugar

beyond

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

A2
  • adverb
  • On or to the farther side
  • In addition to
  • preposition
  • Later in time than
  • Out of the limits of

couple

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kʌpl /

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Two people in a romantic relationship
  • Two of something; two people; a pair
  • verb
  • To join something to something else
  • (Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
  • To put two people or things together

keep

Copy vocabulary

US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

rather

Copy vocabulary

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Somewhat; fairly; not that much

something

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

typically

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a normal or usual way

biotin

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbaɪətɪn /

UK / ˈbaɪətɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • B vitamin that aids in body growth

deficiency

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈfɪʃnsi /

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Lack of something that is necessary

drink

Copy vocabulary

US / drɪŋk /

UK / drɪŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A liquid that you put in your mouth
  • verb
  • To put water in your body through your mouth

enzyme

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈenzaɪm /

UK / ˈɛnzaɪm /

B2
  • noun
  • A protein made by cells

grain

Copy vocabulary

US / greɪn /

UK / ɡren /

B1
  • noun
  • Seeds of plants used for food
  • Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
  • Very small piece of something such as sand, truth
  • Unit of weight based on a piece of wheat

most

Copy vocabulary

US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

remedy

Copy vocabulary

US / 'remədɪ /

UK / ˈrɛmɪdi,'rɛmədɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Way to solve or fix a problem
  • Treatment that relieves pain or cures illness
  • verb
  • To solve or correct a problem

call

Copy vocabulary

US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

lemon

Copy vocabulary

US / 'lemən /

UK / ˈlɛmən /

B2
  • noun
  • Badly made or poorly functioning product
  • Small yellow fruit with sour juice

zinc

Copy vocabulary

US / zɪŋk /

UK / zɪŋk /

B2
  • noun
  • Bluish white metal used in making brass

where

Copy vocabulary

US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

from

Copy vocabulary

US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

fish

Copy vocabulary

US / fɪʃ /

UK / fɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal that swims and lives in water
  • verb
  • To go fishing with a net or hook

out

Copy vocabulary

US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

Copy vocabulary

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

plenty

Copy vocabulary

US / 'plentɪ /

UK / ˈplɛnti /

A2
  • pronoun
  • When there is not too little of something; a lot

fat

Copy vocabulary

US / fæt /

UK / fæt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having too much weight for the body size
  • Bringing or having a large amount of money
  • noun
  • Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
  • Oily part of meat

sauerkraut

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsaʊəkraʊt /

UK / ˈsaʊərkraʊt /

C2
  • noun
  • Shredded cabbage fermented in salt water

take

Copy vocabulary

US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

all

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

chance

Copy vocabulary

US / tʃɑ:ns /

UK / tʃæns /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening by luck; not planned
  • Taking a risk to try something
  • noun
  • The way something happens without planning
  • An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
  • The possibility that something will happen
  • verb
  • To occur just through luck; happen
  • To take a risk to try something

heartburn

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhɑ:tbɜ:n /

UK / ˈhɑ:rtbɜ:rn /

C1
  • noun
  • Burning sensation in the chest, e.g. indigestion

common

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒmən /

UK / ˈkɑmən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
  • Typical, normal; not unusual
  • noun
  • Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • Field near a village owned by the local community

produce

Copy vocabulary

US / prə'dju:s /

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

A1
  • noun
  • Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • verb
  • To grow something naturally
  • To make something appear
  • To manufacture something using machines
  • To control the making a movie or television show

onion

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʌnjən /

UK / ˈʌnjən /

B1
  • noun
  • Strong-smelling, strong-tasting vegetable

beta

Copy vocabulary

US / 'bi:tə /

UK / 'beɪtə /

B2
  • noun
  • Test version of a product or software

option

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɒpʃn /

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A choice
  • Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

mineral

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mɪnərəl /

UK / ˈmɪnərəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Substance naturally formed in the ground

old

Copy vocabulary

US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

work

Copy vocabulary

US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

worry

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈwʌri /

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that causes trouble or concern
  • verb
  • To cause concern or trouble over something

symptom

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪmptəm /

UK / ˈsɪmtəm, ˈsɪmp- /

B1
  • noun
  • Sign that suggests that there is a problem

their

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

yes

Copy vocabulary

US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

way

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

act

Copy vocabulary

US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

look

Copy vocabulary

US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

general

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dʒenrəl /

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Widespread, normal or usual
  • noun
  • Top ranked officer in the army

legume

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈlegju:m /

UK / ˈlɛɡˌjum, ləˈɡjum /

C1
  • noun
  • Climbing bean or pea plant

red

Copy vocabulary

US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

miss

Copy vocabulary

US / mɪs /

UK / mɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Action of not hitting something or someone
  • Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
  • verb
  • To be absent
  • To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
  • To do without something
  • To fail to see or sense something
  • To fail to understand someone's message
  • To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
  • To feel you want to see someone who is not there

seafood

Copy vocabulary

US / 'si:fu:d /

UK / ˈsiˌfud /

B2
  • noun
  • Fish, shellfish, etc. that can be eaten

absorb

Copy vocabulary

US / əb'sɔ:b /

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

B1
  • verb
  • To take up all attention / energy of something
  • To take in a liquid; soak up

alcohol

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ælkəhɒl /

UK / ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl /

B1
  • noun
  • A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
  • Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer

calcium

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kælsɪəm /

UK / ˈkælsiəm /

C2
  • noun
  • A substance important for making bones and teeth

medicine

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmedsn /

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Something used in treating illness or pain
  • Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

show

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

bloat

Copy vocabulary

US / bləʊt /

UK / bloʊt /

C2
  • verb
  • To cause to swell up or inflate with gas or liquid

main

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪn /

UK / men /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most important; most often used

pretty

Copy vocabulary

US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

several

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsevrəl /

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Many of
  • pronoun
  • More than two but not a large amount

everything

Copy vocabulary

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

gut

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡʌt /

UK / ɡʌt /

B1
  • noun
  • Stomach and internal organs of digestion
  • Guts courage; emotional strength
  • verb
  • To destroy the inside of a building , e.g. by fire
  • To remove the internal parts of an animal or fish

hydrochloric

Copy vocabulary

US / 'haɪdrə'klɒrɪk /

UK / ˌhaɪdrə'kloʊrɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Chemistry) chem of or relating to hydrochloric acid

medication

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness

risk

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

sufficient

Copy vocabulary

US / səˈfɪʃnt /

UK / səˈfɪʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having or providing enough when needed

topic

Copy vocabulary

US / 'tɒpɪk /

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Subject or issue people talk or write about

they

Copy vocabulary

US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

Copy vocabulary

US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

antibiotic

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk /

UK / ˌæntibaɪˈɑ:tɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Drug) used to fight certain kinds of diseases
  • noun
  • Medicine that kills bacteria to fight infections

cruciferous

Copy vocabulary

US / k'ru:sɪfərəs /

UK / k'ru:sɪfərəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or belonging to the plant family Cruciferae

end

Copy vocabulary

US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

helper

Copy vocabulary

US / 'helpə(r) /

UK / ˈhɛlpɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A person who assists someone

focus

Copy vocabulary

US / 'fəʊkəs /

UK / ˈfokəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Main purpose or center of interest or activity
  • verb
  • To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
  • To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

shellfish

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʃelfɪʃ /

UK / ˈʃɛlˌfɪʃ /

C2
  • noun
  • Sea animals such as shrimps, lobsters, clams etc.

increase

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

sun

Copy vocabulary

US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
  • Hot shining star the Earth moves around
  • verb
  • To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

selenium

Copy vocabulary

US / səˈli:niəm /

UK / sɪˈliniəm /

A1
  • noun
  • Toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a sta

exercise

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eksəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical activity to increase health and strength
  • Set of questions in a text book
  • verb
  • To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • To retain your ability or practice your skills

have

Copy vocabulary

US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

without

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

carotene

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkærəti:n /

UK / ˈkærəˌtin /

A1
  • noun
  • Yellow or orange-red fat-soluble pigments in plants

hunger

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhʌŋgə(r) /

UK / ˈhʌŋɡɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Strong desire or need
  • Need for food; a severe lack of food

muscle

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mʌsl /

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical power
  • Body tissue that moves parts of the body
  • verb
  • To use or muscles of force to get what you want

silicon

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪlɪkən /

UK / ˈsɪlɪkən, -ˌkɑn /

B2
  • noun
  • Mineral used in making steel and computer parts

with

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

blood

Copy vocabulary

US / blʌd /

UK / blʌd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Related by birth; family
  • noun
  • Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
  • verb
  • To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

digest

Copy vocabulary

US / daɪˈdʒest /

UK / daɪˈdʒest /

B2
  • noun
  • A summary, as of the news
  • verb
  • To convert food into energy in your stomach
  • To think over facts, news etc.; take in information

estimate

Copy vocabulary

US / 'estɪmət /

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

A2
  • noun
  • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • verb
  • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

activate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈæktɪveɪt /

UK / ˈæktəˌvet /

B1
  • verb
  • To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
  • To make something start working

digestion

Copy vocabulary

US / daɪˈdʒestʃən /

UK / daɪˈdʒɛstʃən, dɪ- /

B2
  • noun
  • Process of changing eaten food for use in the body

could

Copy vocabulary

US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

know

Copy vocabulary

US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

complete

Copy vocabulary

US / kəm'pli:t /

UK / kəmˈplit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being finished; done; achieved
  • Being as perfect and as total as could be
  • verb
  • To finish or reach the end of doing something

boy

Copy vocabulary

US / bɔɪ /

UK / bɔɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • A young male person

meat

Copy vocabulary

US / mi:t /

UK / mit /

A2
  • noun
  • Flesh of a dead animal that you eat
  • Something that is important or significant

low

Copy vocabulary

US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

spinach

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈspɪnɪtʃ /

UK / ˈspɪnɪtʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Vegetable with dark green leaves, full of iron

see

Copy vocabulary

US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

appetite

Copy vocabulary

US / 'æpɪtaɪt /

UK / ˈæpɪˌtaɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Feeling of hunger or desire for something

next

Copy vocabulary

US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

problem

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

but

Copy vocabulary

US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

good

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

give

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

formation

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn /

UK / fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of creating; making a particular shape

leafy

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈli:fi /

UK / ˈlifi /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having or covered with leaves

can

Copy vocabulary

US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

whether

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈweðə(r) /

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

A1
  • conjunction
  • If something will happen or not

fix

Copy vocabulary

US / fɪks /

UK / fɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • Answer to a problem
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something
  • To attach something so it will not move or change
  • To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
  • To make an animal unable to produce young
  • To make something whole or able to work again

food

Copy vocabulary

US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

maybe

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmeɪbi /

UK / ˈmebi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

quite

Copy vocabulary

US / kwaɪt /

UK / kwaɪt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not very; fairly
  • Very; In a complete or total manner

not

Copy vocabulary

US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

sulfur

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sʌlfə /

UK / ˈsʌlfɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Smelly yellow chemical often found near volcanoes

cofactor

Copy vocabulary

US / kəʊ'fæktə /

UK / 'koʊˌfæktə /

A1
  • noun
  • Substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given result

now

Copy vocabulary

US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

organ

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:ɡən /

UK / ˈɔrɡən /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a person's body with a particular function
  • Large institution or body
  • Large wind instrument similar to a piano

protein

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

B1
  • noun
  • Group of molecules made from amino acids

yolk

Copy vocabulary

US / jəʊk /

UK / joʊk /

B2
  • noun
  • Yellow central part of a bird's egg

copper

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒpə(r) /

UK / ˈkɑpɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires

involve

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

A2
  • verb
  • To have or be included as a part of something

really

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

understand

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

Copy vocabulary

US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

stomach

Copy vocabulary

US / 'stʌmək /

UK / ˈstʌmək /

A2
  • noun
  • Place in the body where food is processed
  • verb
  • to be able to accept something unpleasant

endocrine

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈendəʊkrɪn /

UK / ˈendəkrɪn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or belonging to endocrine glands or their secretions

potentially

Copy vocabulary

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • That could happen or become reality

raw

Copy vocabulary

US / rɔ: /

UK / rɔ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being uncontrolled or strong, as your emotions
  • Being inexperienced
  • Being in a natural or unchanged state
  • (Of skin) being red and sore on the surface
  • (Of foods) uncooked

edema

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'di:mə /

UK / ɪ'di:mə /

A1
  • noun
  • Abnormal accumulation in parts of the body

yet

Copy vocabulary

US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

video

Copy vocabulary

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

want

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weigh

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪ /

UK / weɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To balance things against each other
  • To consider something carefully to form an opinion
  • To determine the weight of, using scales

weight

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A2
  • noun
  • How heavy something is
  • Metal object to measure how heavy something is
  • Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
  • A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

become

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

biochemistry

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌbaɪəʊ'kemɪstrɪ /

UK / ˌbaɪoˈkɛmɪstri /

B2
  • noun
  • Science of chemical processes in living things

coenzyme

Copy vocabulary

US / kəʊˈenzaɪm /

UK / koʊˈenzaɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes

liver

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈlɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈlɪvɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Organ from animals served as food
  • Organ that absorbs food and cleans the blood

macronutrient

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌmæk.rəʊˈnjuː.tri.ənt /

UK / ˌmæk.roʊˈnuː.tri.ənt /

A1
  • noun
  • A type of food (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in large amounts in the diet

slow

Copy vocabulary

US / sləʊ /

UK / sloʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
  • (Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
  • Having difficulty understanding simple things
  • Moving or happening without speed; not fast
  • verb
  • To move, with less speed than before
  • To move or go without much speed

tiny

Copy vocabulary

US / 'taɪnɪ /

UK / ˈtaɪni /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very, very small
  • Subtitles section
  • So I've gotten this question a lot, what remedy can help with my brittle nails?
  • Now that's a good question because there's a lot of different remedies that can work, but I always like to use the nail as an indicator to look deeper inside the body.
  • And the nail is a really good place to start because it gives you a lot of clues on what's going on in the body.
  • But brittle nails is very similar to like a symptom of fatigue.
  • There could be many different reasons for that problem.
  • So you have several options.
  • You can actually take a remedy to strengthen your nails or better yet, you can try to understand what the nail is doing so you can actually fix the problem once and for all.
  • Unfortunately in medicine, they don't do that.
  • Everything is based on a certain symptom and a treatment.
  • So today let's do this differently.
  • Let's take a look at the nail and look at all the potential reasons why you might have, I don't know, slow growing nails or brittle nails or lines to your nails or a problem with the nail.
  • And when I go through this, I think what's gonna happen is one or two things that I talk about will become more real to you and it'll pop out as a potential problem.
  • Let's say for example, something that's missing in your diet or maybe something that you're eating that you shouldn't be eating.
  • So let's start out with protein.
  • Your nail is protein.
  • It's a very specific type of protein called keratin.
  • And the thing that you need to know about keratin is that it's very high in sulfur and also amino acids because protein is just a combination of amino acids.
  • So doing a deep dive and understanding kind of what's making up this specific body tissue can give you clues on what you may need to eat more of.
  • So the two main sulfur amino acids are cysteine and methionine.
  • And so for example, if you're eating foods that don't have those two amino acids or are incomplete, that could be the reason why you are missing those amino acids and developing problems with your nail.
  • And realize if you have a problem with your nails, it's not just happening with your nails, it's happening all over the place.
  • So you could either be deficient in sulfur, okay?
  • Which by the way, the number one symptom of a sulfur deficiency is brittle nails or it can be very specific amino acids that you're deficient in because you're eating foods that are not complete with the amino acids.
  • Now, rather than bore you and complicate things, tell you all the foods that don't have that, I'm just gonna recommend eating foods that contain plenty of all of the amino acids.
  • That way you don't have to worry about trying to focus on just increasing very specific amino acids.
  • You gotta realize amino acids is not just about making your nails, your hair, your muscle, your skin, it's about making all these other proteins involved with biochemistry, energy production, digestion,
  • Everything.
  • Your body has millions of different enzymes and they need these amino acids.
  • So what kind of foods can you eat to get a complete amino acid profile, okay?
  • Well, the best foods you can eat would be animal products, specifically things like eggs, fish, meats, versus legumes or grain type proteins.
  • With those, you're always gonna be missing one or two amino acids, or those amino acids are gonna be very, very low and you're gonna have to do food combining to fix this problem.
  • You also have the factor of the hydrochloric acid in your stomach.
  • If you don't have enough hydrochloric acid, you can't digest these proteins to extract amino acids from the protein.
  • And so how do you know if you have a lack of hydrochloric acid?
  • Well, you have indigestion, you have gas, you have bloating, heartburn.
  • If you have intestinal inflammation, you could also have a problem with amino acid absorption.
  • Now, the other thing that's interesting about protein is that you may tend to not be satisfied when you eat unless you have sufficient amount of that balanced amino acids as your requirement.
  • Because out of all the macronutrients like carbs, protein, and fats, proteins are probably needed as the most important survival raw material.
  • And so in other words, let's say you're eating a lot of food but you're not hitting that requirement for amino acids, the hunger won't turn off.
  • You just stay hungry, you'll never be satisfied.
  • So this is one problem with vegans is that they'll tend to try to get their amino acids from plant type things and grains and legumes, but since they need to consume so much of those foods to get the required amount of amino acids,
  • They end up overdoing it on the carbohydrates.
  • Now, if you want a general, pretty good estimate of how much protein a person would need on average now, this is on average, it could go up, it can go down.
  • I would do this.
  • I would take 0.64 grams times your body weight in pounds that you weigh, and you'll get a good estimate of roughly how much protein that your body requires.
  • You know, when you're deficient in amino acids, boy, all sorts of things will happen.
  • Not just the increase in appetite without being satisfied, but you could even develop edema in your legs, a swollen belly, you can be chronically fatigued.
  • But again, I'm just emphasizing out of all the macro nutrients, protein is the most important.
  • And if you're deficient in amino acids and it's showing up in your nail, realize it's also going to be affecting your immune system, your endocrine system, your reproductive system.
  • The next topic is trace minerals and minerals.
  • Trace minerals act as helper called cofactors or coenzymes for proteins.
  • So we just talked about amino acids, which are proteins.
  • Now to activate these proteins that help you grow nails, you need certain helper minerals or trace minerals, which are just kind of minerals needed in smaller amounts.
  • So the most important mineral would be sulfur.
  • You can get it in cruciferous vegetables.
  • You can get it in eggs.
  • You can get it in meats and fish.
  • You can also get it in garlic and onion.
  • There's also a product that can help the brittle nails called MSM, but I would recommend try to get it from the food.
  • Then you have zinc, another very, very important cofactor.
  • Where do you get zinc?
  • Red meat, animal products, shellfish, seafood.
  • Selenium is another one.
  • Copper is another one.
  • Magnesium is a factor.
  • It's not very common, but that can show up in the nails if you're deficient in magnesium, and that would be more of the leafy greens.
  • But the amount of calcium that's in the nail is very, very, very tiny.
  • So if you have a calcium deficiency, it's probably not going to show up necessarily in brittle nails.
  • I mean, potentially it could, but it's more likely these other elements.
  • Silicon also, a lot of people take silicon to improve their nails because silicon is involved in the formation of collagen.
  • Now, another important vitamin to strengthen the nails is vitamin C. Now, typically you're going to get enough C if you're doing leafy greens or sauerkraut or peppers or lemons.
  • But if you're consuming a lot of sugar, that is definitely going to block your vitamin C. Biotin is another B vitamin that people take in very high levels to help their nails.
  • And yes, that will work.
  • But what you have to realize is that you produce just as much biotin as you get from your diet.
  • And chances are the real reason why you might be deficient in biotin has to do with your gut microflora more than your diet.
  • Maybe you had an antibiotic, maybe you have some type of gut issue, maybe you're not eating right, maybe you don't eat enough probiotic foods or prebiotic foods, and that's why you're low in biotin.
  • But biotin is very high in chicken liver, beef liver, eggs, salmon, and pork.
  • And a couple other reasons why you might be deficient in biotin.
  • You drink a good amount of alcohol, you're on some type of medication, you have low hydrochloric acid, you are an athlete, you exercise a lot, that can create a major deficiency in biotin.
  • Or you're getting older, and so the requirements for biotin go up.
  • B6 is another vitamin that is involved in the production of protein, but typically it's not gonna be very common for you to have brittle nails if you have a B6 deficiency.
  • B12 is another factor that can affect the blood flow to the nail.
  • Any type of anemia, whether it's B12 or iron, can show up in the nail as a brittle nail.
  • Choline is another, they classify it as a B vitamin.
  • If you're deficient in choline, maybe you have a genetic factor that doesn't allow you to absorb choline like myself, and that puts you at risk for a fatty liver.
  • And if you want to eat foods high in choline, eat more egg yolks.
  • Now, to keep the keratin strong, there are two fat soluble vitamins that are also very important, vitamin A and vitamin D. Where do you get vitamin A from?
  • I'm not talking about like spinach, that's beta carotene, which turns into vitamin A, but just a small amount.
  • You wanna get your vitamin A from egg yolk, okay?
  • Fish or animal organs like liver and things like that, or even cod liver oil.
  • And of course, vitamin D is difficult to get from the food, but cod liver oil has it.
  • You can get it from the sun.
  • And other types of fatty fish or seafood has some vitamin D in it.
  • Now, I created another video on nails that's actually quite interesting that goes beyond just the brittle nail.
  • And if you haven't seen that video, I put it up right here, check it out.