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How Ferrari can get payback for F1's 'stupidest' penalty

Original YouTube Video | WeAreTheRace Published on 2023-11-20 Level：63 Speed：75 maxwordlevel：29

#EnglishLearning #F1 #Ferrari

Video vocabulary

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

criticism

US / ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Article or essay that judges quality
Negative judgment of something
Something negative that you say about something
School of thought

george

US / dʒɔ:dʒ /

•

UK / dʒɔ:dʒ /

noun
Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in whic

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

boss

US / bɒs /

•

UK / bɔs, bɑs /

noun
Person in charge of you at work
verb
To give orders to someone in an unpleasant way

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

sport

US / spɔ:t /

•

UK / spɔː(r)t /

noun
Something that is done for fun, e.g. football
Game or physical exercise with rules
Someone with a good attitude when things go badly
verb
To do something for fun, e.g. playing with animals
To wear, or show something off by wearing it

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

vengeance

US / 'vendʒəns /

•

UK / ˈvɛndʒəns /

noun
Punishment in return for an injury or a wrong

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

camp

US / kæmp /

•

UK / kæmp /

noun
A (military) base
Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
Place where people live for a short time in tents
verb
To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

mandatory

US / 'mændətərɪ /

•

UK / ˈmændəˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

adjecitve
Absolutely required; not optional

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

recovery

US / rɪˈkʌvəri /

•

UK / rɪˈkʌvəri /

noun
Process of returning to a former (good) state
Act of getting back something that was lost

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

showdown

US / 'ʃəʊdaʊn /

•

UK / ˈʃoˌdaʊn /

noun
Game or contest where final result will be decided

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

preventable

US / prɪ'ventəbl /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛntəbl: /

adjecitve
Being capable of being stopped from happening

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

automatic

US / ˌɔ:tə'mætɪk /

•

UK / ˌɔtəˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Done without conscious thought
Operating by itself, without an operator
noun
Car that is able to change gears by itself

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

sixteen

US / ˌsɪksˈti:n /

•

UK / sɪkˈstin /

number
16

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

repair

US / rɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈper /

noun
How well cared for a thing is; physical condition
Action to fix or restore something that is broken
verb
To fix or restore something that is broken
To fix or correct the damage that one has caused

yellow

US / ˈjeləʊ /

•

UK / ˈjeloʊ /

adjecitve
Color of lemons or the sun
Lacking in courage; cowardly (used as an INSULT)
verb
To turn yellow, often due to being old

unprecedented

US / ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd /

•

UK / ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd /

adjecitve
Not having happened before, or to such a degree

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

fault

US / fɔ:lt /

•

UK / fɔlt /

noun
A failure or negative aspect of
Crack in the earth where earthquakes can happen
Responsibility for a bad result or problem
verb
To blame someone, something for a negative result

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

guarantee

US / ˌɡærən'ti: /

•

UK / ˌɡærənˈti /

noun
A promise to repair a broken product
Promise that something will be done as expected
verb
To promise to repair a broken product
To promise that something will happen or be done
To promise to pay if another person fails to do so

engine

US / 'endʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɛndʒɪn /

noun
Machine that changes energy into mechanical motion
The part of a train that pulls railway cars

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

replacement

US / rɪˈpleɪsmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈplesmənt /

noun
Getting a new object to use instead of an old one

grid

US / ɡrɪd /

•

UK / ɡrɪd /

noun
Electrical network supplying electricity to area
Metal structure with bars used to cover a hole
Pattern made up of lines and small squares

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

constructor

US / kənˈstrʌktə(r) /

•

UK / kən'strʌktə /

noun
Someone who builds things, like houses

correctly

US / kə'rektlɪ /

•

UK / kəˈrɛktlɪ /

adverb
In an accurate or correct manner

gentle

US / 'dʒentl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛntl /

adjecitve
Kind and quiet in nature; not harsh or violent

prize

US / praɪz /

•

UK / praɪz /

adjecitve
Being an excellent or valuable example of a thing
noun
Something won in a contest or given as an award
Something valuable that many people would like
verb
To value greatly and consider it important

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

deliberately

US / dɪˈlɪbərətli /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪbərɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a careful, considered manner; on purpose
Purposely; on purpose

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

cap

US / kæp /

•

UK / kæp /

noun
Covering for the end or top of something
Small, soft hat often with a front visor or shade
An upper limit on the amount of (e.g. budget)
verb
To cover the top or end of an object
To limit the amount of usage of something

observation

US / ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑbzɚˈveʃən /

noun
Remark or comment on something you noticed
Practice of performing actions required by rules

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

vote

US / vəʊt /

•

UK / vot /

noun
Act of deciding who to choose in an election
verb
To make a choice for or against, as in an election

red

US / red /

•

UK / rɛd /

adjecitve
Being the color of blood

damage

US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

noun
Physical harm that is done to something
verb
To harm physically; to hurt or break something

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

curiously

US / 'kjʊərɪəslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkjʊrɪəslɪ /

adverb
In a manner differing from the usual or expected

spark

US / spɑ:k /

•

UK / spɑrk /

noun
Small piece of burning material produced by fire
Tiny, brief bit of light caused by electric energy
First small part of an idea or feeling
verb
To make tiny, brief bits of light
To start something new; To set in motion, activate

literal

US / ˈlɪtərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəl /

adjecitve
Being the basic exact meaning of a word/expression
Being real and true and without exaggerating

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

wary

US / 'weərɪ /

•

UK / ˈwɛri /

adjecitve
Concerned about danger; cautious; circumspect

cop

US / kɒp /

•

UK / kɑp /

noun
Slang for police officer

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

avenue

US / 'ævənju: /

•

UK / ˈævəˌnu, -ˌnju /

noun
Wide street
Way to approach something or some issue
other

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

las

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

acknowledge

US / ək'nɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ækˈnɑlɪdʒ /

verb
To say you have received a letter, gift, etc.
To say you accept the truth or value of something
to publicly express appreciation

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

apparent

US / ə'pærənt /

•

UK / əˈpærənt, əˈpɛr- /

adjecitve
Easy to see or clearly understand
Seeming to exist or be true, but may not be

severe

US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

•

UK / səˈvɪr /

adjecitve
Very bad; harsh
Being very serious or extremely bad
(Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

abuse

US / ə'bju:s /

•

UK / əˈbjuz /

noun
Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
verb
To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
To use something wrongly or dishonestly
To insult someone or swear at them

speed

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

noun
How fast or slow something is or is done
verb
To move quickly when completing an action
To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

crumb

US / krʌm /

•

UK / krʌm /

noun
Small drop of food, usually of bread or cake

lobby

US / ˈlɒbi /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:bi /

noun
Main entrance and waiting room of public building
Group employed to persuade people to change laws
verb
To try to persuade a government to change laws

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

succeed

US / sək'si:d /

•

UK / səkˈsid /

verb
To have achieved what you were trying to achieve
To take over position of one who has died or left
To come after or replace in a series

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

beside

US / bɪˈsaɪd /

•

UK / bɪˈsaɪd /

preposition
In comparison to; compared with
By the side of something; next to something

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

clearly

US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

veil

US / veɪl /

•

UK / vel /

noun
Covering of fine net to protect or hide the face

informally

US / ɪn'fɔ:məlɪ /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔml:ɪ /

adverb
In a casual or relaxed way
Unofficially; not in the official way

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

silverstone

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A motor-racing circuit near Towcester in Northamptonshire.

indirect

US / ˌɪndəˈrekt /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈrɛkt, -daɪ- /

adjecitve
Being not directly connected to or caused by
Having a path that is not straight or direct
Said in a way that is not direct or clear

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

valve

US / vælv /

•

UK / vælv /

noun
A device along a pipe or tube to regulate flow

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

agency

US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

noun
Business that provides some service for others

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

estimation

US / ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛstəˈmeʃən /

noun
Judgment; opinion; guess at the value of

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

lawyer

US / ˈlɔ:jə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɔjɚ /

noun
Professional who helps people with the law

harsh

US / hɑ:ʃ /

•

UK / hɑrʃ /

adjecitve
Rough; tough; hard to experience or accept
Being severe and unkind

sore

US / sɔ:(r) /

•

UK / sɔr, sor /

adjecitve
Angry; annoyed
Upset or angry about something that happened
Feeling or giving pain, as when skin is rubbed
noun
An open or raised painful spot on the skin

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

exemption

US / ɪgˈzempʃn /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɛmpʃən /

noun
Release from duties others are required to do
Deduction allowed to a taxpayer due to a status

cite

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

verb
To officially order someone to appear in court
To officially praise someone, e.g. for bravery
To reference the work of others in your writing

legitimate

US / lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət /

•

UK / ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt /

adjecitve
Being born to legally married parents
Being reasonable and sound
verb
To make acceptable and sound

flag

US / flæɡ /

•

UK / flæɡ /

noun
Piece of cloth representing a team, country etc.
verb
To indicate something should get special attention
To work, run etc. more slowly or with less power

external

US / eksˈtə:nl /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɚnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning foreign countries
Concerning the outside of something; outer
Coming from the outside

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

floor

US / flɔ:(r) /

•

UK / flɔr, flor /

noun
Large area used for a particular purpose
Part of a room on which you stand
Particular level in a building; storey
verb
To hit or push someone to the ground
To surprise or confuse someone who can't respond

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

trigger

US / 'trɪɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɪɡɚ /

noun
Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
Device that starts a process
verb
To start a process off e.g. a memory

hazard

US / 'hæzəd /

•

UK / ˈhæzəd /

noun
Something that is dangerous and causes problems
verb
To try, with the risk of being wrong or losing

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

payback

US / ˈpeɪbæk /

•

UK / ˈpeɪbæk /

noun
Financial return or reward in return for a loan

illegal

US / ɪ'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ɪˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Not allowed by the laws or rules

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

inevitably

US / ɪnˈevɪtəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈevɪtəbli /

adverb
(Happening) with complete certainty

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

distance

US / 'dɪstəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

noun
Lack of friendliness toward another person
Amount of space between two places or things
verb
To make it clear that you are not involved

waive

US / weɪv /

•

UK / wev /

verb
To allow a rule to be ignored; dispense with

seat

US / si:t /

•

UK / sit /

noun
Place where a government or organization is based
A chair or place to sit
Official position in an organization
Part of a chair on which a person sits
verb
To have seats available for a number of people
To give someone a place to sit down

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

tight

US / taɪt /

•

UK / taɪt /

adjecitve
Showing anxiety or anger; tense
Positioned physically close together
Managed or controlled in a strict and careful way
(Of road, bend) curving sharply
Drunk
Being equally matched in ability or score
Lacking extra space
Having limited time available
Being very limited in supply
Not generous; mean with money; stingy
(Rope or tie) pulled strongly
Being in a good solid relationship
adverb
Firmly; so it can't move

session

US / ˈseʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛʃən /

noun
Period of time used for a specific activity
Series of meetings for e.g. a court, legislature

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

tyre

US / 'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / taɪr /

noun
Rubber rings around wheels on cars and trucks

unpreventable

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Not able to be stopped

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

fre

US / /

•

UK / /

fuss

US / fʌs /

•

UK / fʌs /

noun
Act of being excited in a complaining manner
Act of complaining; a quarrel
verb
To be very over-worried or excited

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

kudo

US / krɑ:ft /

•

UK / kræft /

calculate

US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

verb
To find an answer using mathematics
To make an educated guess about something

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

investigation

US / ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən /

noun
Search for information about something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

incident

US / ˈɪnsɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈɪnsɪdənt /

noun
Event, usually unusual or important; accident

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

dhabi

US / ˈdɑːbi /

•

UK / ˈdɑbi /

universal

US / ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:sl /

•

UK / ˌjunəˈvɚsəl /

adjecitve
Existing in all places at all times for all people
Done or experienced by everyone
noun
Things which apply equally to everyone

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

mitigate

US / 'mɪtɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɪtˌɪɡet /

verb
To make less severe or serious

restock

US / ˌriːˈstɒk /

•

UK / ˌriːˈstɑːk /

verb
(Of stores) to stock (their shelves)

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

unlikely

US / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

•

UK / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

adjecitve
Not seeming suitable for a particular purpose
adverb
Not likely to happen; not likely to be the truth

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

intervene

US / ˌɪntəˈvi:n /

•

UK / ˌɪntərˈvi:n /

verb
To get involved to try to prevent trouble

uniquely

US / jʊ'ni:klɪ /

•

UK / jʊ'ni:klɪ /

adverb
In an unusual manner

lewis

US / 'lʊɪs /

•

UK / 'lʊɪs /

noun
A steel device for gripping heavy blocks of stone or concrete for lifting, consisting of three piece

scene

US / si:n /

•

UK / sin /

noun
Incident where someone behaves angrily, badly
View that looks like a picture
Place where something particular happened
Part of an act in a play

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

inspection

US / ɪnˈspekʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈspɛkʃən /

noun
Official examination to make sure everything is ok

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

transgressor

US / trænzˈɡresə(r) /

•

UK / trænzˈɡresər /

other
Someone who transgresses; someone who violates a law or command

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

mate

US / meɪt /

•

UK / met /

noun
A friend who you work, live, or go to school with
Partner in a (sexual) relationship
One of a matched pair e.g. a shoe or glove
A kind of officer on a ship
other
Person your wish to, or are married to
verb
To pair a male and female so they have children
To join or fit two things together

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

baku

US / bʌˈkuː /

•

UK / bɑˈku /

proper noun
The capital of Azerbaijan, on the Caspian Sea; population 1,917,000 (est. 2008). It is an industrial

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

commercial

US / kəˈmə:ʃəl /

•

UK / kəˈmɚʃəl /

adjecitve
noun
Radio or television advertisement

circuit

US / ˈsɜ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rkɪt /

noun
An area where cars race in a circle
Route for journey all the way around a place
Series of events moving from place to place
other
Electronic equipment consisting of switches
verb
To complete a journey all the way round an area

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

fair

US / feə(r) /

•

UK / fɛr /

adjecitve
Neither very good nor very bad; average
(Of skin) light colored; not dark
Quite good; quite a lot
Treating all people the same way
(Of hair) light colored; blonde
(Of weather) sunny; not raining
noun
Event for companies to show their products
Event to sell things to help a charity

valuable

US / ˈvæljuəbl /

•

UK / ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə- /

adjecitve
Being useful or important
Being worth a lot of money

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

stint

US / stɪnt /

•

UK / stɪnt /

noun
Short period of time
verb
To try not to spend money, time, effort etc. on

bull

US / bʊl /

•

UK / bʊl /

noun
Large male animal such as a cow or elephant
Nonsense; untrue or foolish statements
verb
To push/force something into a certain direction

vegas

US / ˈveɪgəs /

•

UK / ˈveɪgəs /

proper noun
Informal name for Las Vegas.

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

sixth

US / sɪksθ /

•

UK / sɪksθ /

noun
6th

freak

US / friːk /

•

UK / friːk /

adjecitve
(Of weather, etc.) unusual; unpredictable; amazing
noun
verb

controversial

US / ˌkɔntrəˈvə:ʃəl /

•

UK / ˌkɑntrəˈvɚʃəl, -siəl /

adjecitve
Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict

regard

US / rɪ'ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrd /

noun
Admiration or respect for a person or thing
verb
To think about a person, thing in a particular way
To look at a person or thing in a particular way

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

won

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn, won /

verb
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

hamilton

US / 'hæmɪltən /

•

UK / 'hæmɪltən /

proper noun
A port and industrial city in southern Canada, at the western end of Lake Ontario, in Ontario; popul
A city on North Island in New Zealand; population 129,249 (2006).
A town in southern Scotland, near Glasgow; population 48,000 (est. 2009).
The capital of Bermuda; population 11,000 (est. 2009).
A township in west central New Jersey, southeast of Trenton; population 90,402 (est. 2008).
An industrial city in southwestern Ohio, north of Cincinnati; population 62,477 (est. 2008).

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

dish

US / dɪʃ /

•

UK / dɪʃ /

noun
Good-looking person of the opposite sex
Shallow container that you cook or serve food in
Food that has been prepared in a certain way

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

highlight

US / ˈhaɪlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈhaɪˌlaɪt /

noun
Best or most interesting part of something
Spot or section lighter than the area around it
verb
To use chemicals to make some hair a lighter color
To make people aware of a problem, subject, issue
To focus particular attention on; draw attention
To use a pen to mark places of interest in a book

sensible

US / ˈsensəbl /

•

UK / ˈsɛnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to judge something reasonably or fairly
Being useful/practical rather than fun/fashionable

separately

US / ˈseprətli /

•

UK / ˈsɛpərɪtlɪ /

adverb
Not with another person or thing

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

budget

US / 'bʌdʒɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʌdʒɪt /

adjecitve
Low cost; inexpensive
noun
Amount of money planned to be spent
verb
To make a plan for how to spend your money

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

weekend

US / ˌwi:kˈend /

•

UK / ˈwi:kend /

noun
Saturday and Sunday, after the normal working week

egregious

US / ɪˈgri:dʒiəs /

•

UK / ɪˈɡridʒəs, -dʒiəs /

adjecitve
Conspicuously or outrageously bad or contemptible

badly

US / ˈbædli /

•

UK / ˈbædli /

adverb
Not in a good way; not as wanted or liked
To a severe degree; very much
In an unkind or unfavorable manner

prix

US / pri: /

•

UK / pri: /

noun
(In titles) a competition in which a prize is won

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

carlos

US / kɑ:ˈlail /

•

UK / kɑrˈlaɪl, ˈkɑrˌlaɪl /

grand

US / ɡrænd /

•

UK / ɡrænd /

adjecitve
A counter for 1000 of something
Great in amount, number or size
Being highest in status or rank; impressive

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

loose

US / lu:s /

•

UK / lus /

adjecitve
(Idea, thought, or work) unclear or imprecise
Not tightly attached or held
Not being attached to or contained within anything
Not tightly controlled, organized, or governed
verb
To shoot or fire something from a gun

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

pit

US / pɪt /

•

UK / pɪt /

noun
Hole in the ground
Garage area for racing cars on a circuit
Large, hard seed in the center of a fruit
verb
To use your strength, skill or wit to beat another
To make holes or marks on a surface
(Racing car) to come into a garage to change tires
To take the seed out of a fruit

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

partly

US / ˈpɑ:tli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rtli /

adverb
In part; not completely

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

finale

US / fɪˈnɑ:li /

•

UK / fɪˈnæli /

noun
Last part of a musical piece or performance

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

unlucky

US / ʌn'lʌkɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈlʌki /

adjecitve
Unfortunate; having bad things happen by chance

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

sustain

US / sə'steɪn /

•

UK / səˈsten /

verb
To lengthen or continue to do something
To support or maintain someone or something
To suffer something damaging or bad

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

aware

US / əˈwɛə /

•

UK / əˈwɛr /

adjecitve
Knowing or feeling that something exists

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

russell

US / ˈrʌsəl /

•

UK / ˈrʌsəl /

noun
English film director (born in )

predictable

US / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of being guessed before it happens

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

rival

US / 'raɪvl /

•

UK / 'raɪvl /

verb
To be nearly as good as others in quality, skill
To be in opposition often as competitors
adjecitve
Matching the quality, skill, et. of others
Opposing; being the team you compete against
noun
Someone you are competing against/trying to beat

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

ferrari

US / fəˈrɒsəti /

•

UK / fəˈrɑsɪti /

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

reimburse

US / ˌri:ɪmˈbɜ:s /

•

UK / ˌri:ɪmˈbɜ:rs /

verb
To repay a person who has spent or lost money

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

exceed

US / ɪk'si:d /

•

UK / ɪkˈsid /

verb
To be greater in number, degree than something
To go above or beyond a limit or rule

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

seasonal

US / ˈsi:zənl /

•

UK / ˈsizənəl /

adjecitve
Of or occurring at a particular time of year

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

unfit

US / ʌn'fɪt /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɪt /

adjecitve
Not healthy; in poor condition
Not in good physical condition; out of shape

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

pitbull

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Small strong dog known for its aggression

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

unsurprisingly

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
In an expected manner; predictably

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

sympathy

US / 'sɪmpəθɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəθi /

noun
Feeling for other people when they are in trouble

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

bitter

US / 'bɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɪtɚ /

adjecitve
Feeling angry and sad over something
Sharp unpleasant taste (e.g. strong black coffee)

dismiss

US / dɪsˈmɪs /

•

UK / dɪsˈmɪs /

verb
To consider that something is at an end
To end someone's employment; fire someone
To not to think about something seriously

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

enforce

US / ɪnˈfɔ:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔ:rs /

verb
To force something to be done or accepted
To make (a rule) active or effective

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

silver

US / 'sɪlvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪlvɚ /

adjecitve
Being the shiny gray color of mercury
noun
Person's name
Shiny gray color
Near white color metal with high value
Objects made from silver, such as dishes, forks
verb
To coat something with a layer of silver
To polish silver objects to make them shine

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

undoubtedly

US / ʌn'daʊtɪdlɪ /

•

UK / ʌn'daʊtɪdlɪ /

adverb
With certainty; without question; for sure

minor

US / 'maɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Not so large in size; not important or valuable
An interval a half tone smaller than its major
noun
Subject studied in college, but not the main one
Someone too young to be legally responsible

chassis

US / ˈʃæsi /

•

UK / ˈʃæsi, ˈtʃæsi /

noun
Supporting frame of a structure, esp. a car

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

interpretation

US / ɪnˌtɜːprəˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˌtɜːrprəˈteɪʃn /

noun
Explanation of the meaning of something
Act of translating between languages

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

profile

US / 'prəʊfaɪl /

•

UK / ˈproˌfaɪl /

noun
A short description of a person or group
Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
verb
To write a short description of a person or group

memory

US / 'memərɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛməri /

noun
Ability of the mind to call back past things
Space for the storage of information on a computer
Something that has been remembered

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

motivation

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

noun
Reason behind why someone did something

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

precedent

US / ˈpresɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛsɪdənt /

noun
A similar action happening before now

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

satisfy

US / ˈsætɪsfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ /

verb
To make someone happy because they got their wish
To do what is required in order to finish

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

race

US / reɪs /

•

UK / res /

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture
verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

lap

US / læp /

•

UK / læp /

noun
A gentle repeated motion against something
Area between the waist and knees when seated
Single trip around a track or swimming pool
verb
(Of water) to move in a gentle repeated motion
To drink with the tongue like a cat
To go one more lap further than another racer

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

scenario

US / sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ /

•

UK / səˈner.i.oʊ /

noun
An imagined sequence of events in a plan/project

formally

US / 'fɔ:məlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrml:ɪ /

adverb
In a formal manner; officially
In your best clothes, e.g. for a prom

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

unpredictable

US / ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl /

•

UK / ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbəl /

adjecitve
Difficult to guess about (the future)

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

promoter

US / prəˈməʊtə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈmoʊtə(r) /

noun
A sponsor who arranges public entertainment

williams

US / ˈwɪljəmz /

•

UK / ˈwɪljəmz /

noun
A dessert pear of an early green variety.

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

foolish

US / ˈfu:lɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈfulɪʃ /

adjecitve
Lacking good sense or judgment; not sensible

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

penalty

US / 'penəltɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɛnəlti /

noun
Negative effect resulting from your actions
Punishment for committing a crime or offense
A punishment for breaking the rules of the game

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

stupid

US / ˈstju:pɪd /

•

UK / ˈstu:pɪd /

adjecitve
Not intelligent; lacking ability to learn easily

deploy

US / dɪˈplɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈplɔɪ /

verb
To put into position (often a military operation)

comfort

US / 'kʌmfət /

•

UK / ˈkʌmfət /

noun
Acts or words that reduce pain or sadness
State of being relaxed, warm or happy
verb
To try to make distressed person feel better

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

euro

US / ˈjʊərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈjʊroʊ /

noun
The unit of money of the European Union

handedly

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Ability to do something with your hand

nonchalant

US / ˈnɒnʃələnt /

•

UK / ˌnɑ:nʃəˈlɑ:nt /

adjecitve
Seeming calm and not to care; unconcerned

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

incur

US / ɪn'kɜ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈkɚ /

verb
To bring something (bad) on yourself

component

US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

•

UK / kəmˈponənt /

adjecitve
Being a part of something
noun
One of the parts that something is made up of

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

driver

US / ˈdraɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdraɪvɚ /

noun
People who move cattle from one place to another
Someone who operates a vehicle
A club with a wooden head used when playing golf

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

punishment

US / ˈpʌnɪʃmənt /

•

UK / ˈpʌnɪʃmənt /

noun
Being punished; thing you do when being punished
Physically rough treatment

deterrent

US / dɪˈterənt /

•

UK / dɪˈtə:rənt, -ˈtʌr- /

noun
Something stopping people wanting to do something

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

fortune

US / 'fɔ:tʃu:n /

•

UK / ˈfɔrtʃən /

noun
What might happen to you in the future
Chance or luck, particularly good luck
Very large amount of money

allocation

US / ˌæləˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌæləˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Sharing out of work/resources for some purpose

massively

US / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

•

UK / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

adverb
To a very large degree or in a large manner

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

majeure

US / mæˈʒɜː(r) /

•

UK / mæˈʒɜːr /

noun

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

max

US / mæks /

•

UK / mæks /

noun
Person's name
Short for 'maximum'

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

compensation

US / ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpənˈseʃən /

noun
(Money) given or received as payment for loss

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

explicitly

US / ɪk'splɪsɪtlɪ /

•

UK / ɪk'splɪsɪtlɪ /

adverb
Clearly; specifically

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

define

US / dɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To explain the meaning of words
To set or mark the limits of something

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

malaysia

US / mə'leɪʒə /

•

UK / mə'leɪʒə /

other
A constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independe

fia

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
FIA is an acronym

anyway

US / ˈeniweɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwe /

adverb
A word used to change the topic of a conversation

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

escalate

US / ˈeskəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛskəˌlet /

verb
To increase in size, intensity, or scope
To become much worse or more severe

abu

US / /

•

UK / /

spare

US / speə(r) /

•

UK / spɛr /

adjecitve
Being extra or in reserve
noun
Extra part; something in reserve for replacements
verb
To make (money or time) available for
To save from being hurt or punished
To allow someone not to do something unpleasant

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

steward

US / ˈstju:əd /

•

UK / ˈstu:ərd /

noun
Person who manages an event or activity
Male cabin attendant on an airplane

split

US / splɪt /

•

UK / splɪt /

adjecitve
No longer married or in a relationship
(Injured) by cutting it open, as in someone's lip
(Of a decision) when people cannot decide a winner
noun
Difference of opinion in a group causing a break
Separation or a break in something
verb
To become divided or broken along a straight line
To cause a cut in (lip, etc.)
To have difference of opinion in a group
To separate into two or more pieces
To divide something in an even or fair way

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

judgement

US / ˈdʒʌdʒmənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒʌdʒmənt /

noun
An opinion or decision made after consideration
Official court decision given by judge

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

victory

US / 'vɪktərɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɪktəri /

noun
Defeating or beating someone or something

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

circumstance

US / 'sɜ:kəmstəns /

•

UK / ˈsɚkəmˌstæns /

noun
Condition or fact that affects a situation

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

competitive

US / kəmˈpetətɪv /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Being strongly driven to win or be better than

holder

US / 'həʊldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈholdɚ /

noun
Person who owns or has received something
Device intended to support another object

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

Introduction to Video Content

How Ferrari can Seek Payback for F1's 'Unfair' PenaltyIn a recent incident that left many surprised and sympathizing with Ferrari, the team now has two opportunities to seek payback. Carlos Sainz, one of Ferrari's drivers, was penalized with a ten-place grid penalty for the Las Vegas Grand Prix due to a major car damage caused by a track fault. During the practice session, Sainz hit a loose water valve inspection cover, leading to significant damage to various parts of his car, including the floor, chassis, seat, and engine. As a result, Ferrari had to provide Sainz with a new battery, which exceeded his seasonal allocation and triggered the automatic grid drop penalty.Even the race stewards recognized the harshness of the penalty, acknowledging that the damage was caused by highly unusual external circumstances. They expressed their willingness to waive the penalty if only they had a legitimate way to do so. This decision sparked widespread sympathy for Ferrari and raised questions about the fairness of the rules.Ferrari's boss, Fred Vasseur, criticized the decision, stating that it was foolish not to consider force majeure as a reason to excuse the team. Sainz also expressed disappointment, expecting more from the sport, while Max Verstappen, a former teammate, called for rule changes despite benefiting from Sainz's penalty.Interestingly, Verstappen also suggested that teams should not have a say in these matters since they would likely vote against granting any leniency. This further adds to the complexity of the situation. However, some experts argue that the involvement of money in the constructors' championship may influence teams' decisions to apply for penalties.As the aftermath of this penalty unfolds, Ferrari now faces the challenge of seeking payback. With two upcoming opportunities, the team can demonstrate their resilience and determination to overcome this setback. How Ferrari will approach this quest remains to be seen, but it's clear that they will be motivated to prove their worth and fight for justice on the race track.

Subtitles section

After receiving one of the most unlucky F One penalties in recent memory, Ferrari still has two shots at payback.

Carlos Sainz copped a very controversial ten place grid penalty for the Las Vegas Grand Prix after sustaining major damage because of a track fault just a few minutes into the new race's first ever practice session.

Sainz struck a loose water valve inspection cover in FP One, which badly damaged his car's floor, chassis, seat and engine.

Ferrari had to give Sainz a new battery among his replacement engine parts, which triggered an automatic ten place grid drop because doing so exceeded his seasonal allocation for that component for the first time.

Even the stewards knew this was massively harsh, acknowledging the damage was caused by highly unusual external circumstances and admitting they would have waived the penalty if only they had a legitimate way to do so.

It sparked universal sympathy for sites and a few choice criticisms of the rules.

The officials

and the apparent political motivations of Ferrari's rivals for exactly why this penalty needed to be dished out and couldn't just be dismissed in such a freak scenario.

Ferrari boss Fred Vasseur said it was stupid not to let the team off on reasons of force majeure, Sainz said he expected more from F One and even his former team mate Max Verstappen called for rule changes despite gaining a place on the grid and a clearer shot at victory from Sainz's penalty.

Verstappen also curiously claimed the team should not be allowed to have a say in these things because for sure they'll vote against that.

Science would eventually follow up Verstappen's comments by calling it a business matter, stating there's too much money involved in the constructors or whatever for a team not to apply for a penalty for me.

Both of them were obviously making thinly veiled observations that Ferrari's chief championship rival Mercedes blocked the stewards from helping in some way.

We'll come to how Ferrari can exact vengeance on Mercedes in a moment and in this video we'll also get into a more literal form of payback Ferrari might be able to achieve.

But first, let's understand what really caused this.

Because teams can't, as Sainz put it, apply for a penalty.

And despite the suggestion of rival interference, there was no vote, formally or informally, about whether Sainz should have been allowed to avoid one.

Any influence from Mercedes or any other team would have been indirect, as in, they had no avenue to block the stewards from granting a penalty exemption.

But a threat of the decision being appealed, whether Mercedes had explicitly said they would do this, or the stewards just had to be wary they might, would be a real factor.

One of the main things the stewards consider when dealing with contentious matters

which an unprecedented allowance of someone not getting a mandatory penalty absolutely would be, is what would happen if their decision was appealed.

They have to make sure their reasoning is robust, and one test of this is how confident they would be should the matter escalate to the International Court of Appeal.

In this case, the only way to avoid giving sites a penalty would be to cite force majeure, which Ferrari obviously felt was stupid not to consider.

International Sporting Co.

defines this as an unpredictable, unpreventable and external event.

Arguing what happened is predictable or not external would seem foolish but, while this is still a harsh interpretation, it may not have been unpreventable.

Even though Ferrari and Sainz couldn't have done anything about this part,

Clearly it was preventable from a circuit point of view because the water valve cover should never have come loose.

And it's worth noting there was a yellow flag deployed at the scene.

Ferrari argues this means the FIA must have been aware there was a problem on track and could have intervened sooner with a quicker red flag, not just a yellow one.

But a yellow flag does mean a driver is required to reduce your speed, do not overtake and be prepared to change direction as there is a hazard beside or partly on the track.

And while we don't think this would be a fair interpretation, this at least makes it possible for lawyers to argue the incident could have been avoided or mitigated by Sainz and Ferrari.

We also understand why the likes of Verstappen, not just the Ferrari camp, were arguing the rules have to change.

Verstappen is still sore over the penalty he eventually took in the year after losing an engine in the huge crash he had with Lewis Hamilton at Silverstone.

So we know he has his own reasons for arguing this point.

But if a sensible framework existed so that this kind of thing could be dealt with through common sense, then we'd be all for that.

Clearly, Sainz was massively unlucky here.

At the moment, while it would be good in theory to apply common sense in such situations, F One's competitive reality makes that difficult to enforce.

And if force majeure applied in this scenario, it would definitely set a precedent, meaning teams would undoubtedly start lobbying for it to be applied in other circumstances, making it difficult for officials to know where to draw the line.

Sainz and Ferrari were unsurprisingly still bitter about this at the end of the Las Vegas weekend, given the strong performance of their car.

Starting first and second on the grid would have given them a better shot at succeeding in a race Charles Leclerc came close to winning while fighting the Red Bulls single handedly.

And given Ferrari was clearly quicker than Mercedes this weekend, Sainz's penalty did in hindsight stop Ferrari from claiming second in the championship.

But there was a silver lining in the form of Sainz beating both Mercedes drivers anyway as part of his recovery drive to sixth.

And that meant Ferrari did move to within just four points of Mercedes in the constructors' standings.

You can guarantee this was very satisfying to Sainz and anyone at Ferrari who felt Mercedes was the only reason they had to serve that penalty in the first place.

It has set up a final race showdown in Abu Dhabi for a very valuable position in terms of prize money and competitive kudos.

That's payback of sorts, but there could be more coming.

Team boss Fred Vasseur said a fortune is a good estimation of the cost of the damage sustained in Science's crash, and separately suggested it was worth a couple of million euros.

This will have to come out of Ferrari's capped budget for the year,

and even though teams build in a crash damage allowance, it is going to be a tight one to manage at the end of the season.

There will be extra costs involved as Ferrari cannot repair the chassis so needs to bring another spare out to Abu Dhabi for the finale, on top of all the costs associated with the various parts that got replaced and whatever other spares may now need to be restocked.

The crumb of comfort is that Ferrari has a very good case to claim compensation.

There is clear precedent from two recent incidents where a car suffered significant damage because of faults relating to the track surface.

The Baku City circuit had to reimburse Williams for the cost of damage incurred when George Russell struck a loose drain cover in the year of the car, and Haas won compensation from the Sepang circuit when the same thing happened to Romain Grosjean in Malaysia in the year of the car.

Ferrari will take the matter up with the Las Vegas Grand Prix, which is effectively F One itself given the commercial rights holder is uniquely also the promoter of this event.

Sainz's ten place grid drop was the most egregious penalty in Vegas, but it wasn't the only contentious one.

We also had more evidence to support the growing case against the penalty that is clearly unfit for purpose in F One.

Verstappen picked up this season's latest high profile five second penalty for his move on Leclerc at the start, where he pushed the Ferrari wide into the run off area when taking the lead.

We've talked in detail recently on this channel about how drivers are abusing the five second penalty, sometimes even going as far as deliberately making an illegal move they know will benefit their race by a greater amount than the time penalty they'll inevitably have to serve.

While it's unlikely Verstappen weighed that up in the split second he had to make his move at the start, he and his team were able to make a judgement call in the laps that followed.

And once the Red Bull pitbull learned that Verstappen's move was under investigation, it decided it was better to keep the advantage of track position over Leclerc and run the risk of receiving the relatively gentle penalty, rather than try to avoid the penalty by making the more sporting move of giving the place back on track.

There was nothing wrong with Red Bull's decision here.

It knew that keeping Verstappen out front was the safer route and it also kept him in clean air, which would help with managing his tyres.

That's why Verstappen was also so nonchalant when told about the penalty, telling Red Bull to give the officials his regards.

The flaw here is in the rules themselves, which allow a transgressor to decide a course of action before penalties are applied.

Because of this, they can choose to do what they calculate will have the least impact on their own race, taking a degree of agency away from the officials.

And that highlights one of the many areas where the five second penalty falls down as a fitting punishment.

By being served either at a driver's next pit stop or at the end of the race if there are no more stops to make, it creates too much distance between the offence being committed and the penalty being served.

So, using the Verstappen example, if a driver commits an offence at the first corner of the race, they shouldn't get to wait sixteen laps before paying the price for that, as was the case last weekend.

At most races this year, Verstappen would easily have been able to build a five second gap before his first pit stop, meaning the penalty would have achieved nothing.

In this case, Leclerc was able to catch and pass Max before the Red Bull stopped.

But how different might the first stint have played out had Leclerc been given track position during the first couple of laps, if Verstappen was ordered to give the place back?

Verstappen didn't see it that way and felt that if he'd given the place back, it would have probably cost him around the same amount of time across his entire race, so he doesn't see what all the fuss is about.

Ultimately, like with science, according to the way F One works, the right penalty was applied.

Smaller time penalties were brought in because the time lost to drive throughs or stop goes was often considered too severe for minor offences.

Unfortunately, the main penalty that has replaced them is often not severe enough and lacks the immediate impact on a driver's race needed for it to act as a true deterrent.

And, like with science, it shows that F One's rules can be applied correctly but at the same time make it feel like the right thing has not been done at all.