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How To Get The Perfect Crust On Your Steak, According To Chefs

Original YouTube Video | MashedFood Published on 2024-01-11 Level：92 Speed：66 maxwordlevel：20

#cookingtips #foodscience

Video vocabulary

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

marinate

US / ˈmærɪneɪt /

•

UK / 'mærɪneɪt /

verb
To put food in sauce to add flavor before cooking

char

US / tʃɑ:(r) /

•

UK / tʃɑr /

verb
To become burnt and the outside appears black

grate

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

verb
To shred food into very small pieces
To be unpleasantly harsh or annoying

thickness

US / ˈθɪknəs /

•

UK / ˈθɪknɪs /

noun
Distance between the opposite edges of a thing

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

lover

US / 'lʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlʌvɚ /

noun
Someone's romantic and often sexual partner
Someone having a great interest in something
Person who loves someone or is loved by someone

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

cheap

US / tʃi:p /

•

UK / tʃip /

adjecitve
Not costing a lot of money
Having a low quality or value
Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy

pat

US / pæt /

•

UK / pæt /

noun
Person's name
verb
To hit or touch lightly

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

therefore

US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

adverb
And so; for that reason

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

overcook

US / ˌəʊvəˈkʊk /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈkʊk /

verb
To spoil a food by cooking it for too long

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

grill

US / ɡrɪl /

•

UK / ɡrɪl /

noun
Plate of food that has been grilled
Metal bars on which food is cooked over fire
Restaurant where meat, esp. steaks, are served
verb
To cook directly over fire on a flat metal bars
To ask many (difficult) questions for a long time

wet

US / wet /

•

UK / wɛt /

adjecitve
Concerning a bar that serves or sells alcohol
Having or experiencing a great deal of rain
Containing water or liquid; not dry
verb
To accidentally pee in clothes or a bed

newfound

US / 'nju:faʊnd /

•

UK / ˈnuˌfaʊnd, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Newly discovered

butter

US / ˈbʌt.ə /

•

UK / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ /

noun
Yellow substance made of cream, spread on bread
verb
To spread butter on bread

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

pepper

US / ˈpepə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɛpɚ /

verb
To spread around randomly, as with bullets
noun
Green, red, or yellow vegetable with hollow center
Hard covering of berries used as spices

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

bourbon

US / ˈbə:bən /

•

UK / ˈbɚbən /

noun
Type of whiskey made in the US

flip

US / flɪp /

•

UK / flɪp /

noun
Act of turning your body in the air; somersault
Movement of something from one position to another
verb
To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
To move into a different position quickly
To move a button or switch to turn on or off

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

vary

US / ˈveəri /

•

UK / ˈveri /

verb
To change something and make it different
To be changeable, both up and down

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

unnecessary

US / ʌnˈnesəsəri /

•

UK / ʌnˈnesəseri /

adjecitve
Being more than needed or not needed

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

flair

US / fleə(r) /

•

UK / fler /

noun
Natural ability to do something well

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

brawl

US / brɔ:l /

•

UK / brɔl /

noun
Noisy quarrel/fight among a group, e.g. in public
verb
To quarrel or fight noisily, often in public

flavour

US / ˈfleɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflevɚ /

noun
Taste of something, especially in food or drink
verb
To add extra taste to a food

executive

US / ɪɡ'zekjətɪv /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv /

adjecitve
Of a high ranking job in a company
noun
A senior manager in a business or organization

chemist

US / ˈkemɪst /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪst /

noun
Person who sells medicines; drug store
Person who studies or does research in chemistry

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

thin

US / θɪn /

•

UK / θɪn /

adjecitve
Flowing with ease; with a high percentage of water
(Of air) having little oxygen
Being or growing far apart in small amounts
Not thick; not wide in size
Having little flesh or fat on the body
Being weak or useless
verb
To make flow more easily by adding water or liquid

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

bone

US / bəʊn /

•

UK / bon /

noun
Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
verb
To remove bones from meat or fish

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

color

US / 'kʌlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

noun
Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
verb
To change or affect someone's opinion
To make something colorful using colored pencils

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

oak

US / əʊk /

•

UK / oʊk /

adjecitve
Made from a special hard durable wood
noun
Hard, tough wood taken from an oak tree

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

parmesan

US / ˈpɑ:mɪzæn /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rməzɑ:n /

adjecitve
Strong aged Italian cheese, e.g. grated over pasta

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

caramelize

US / ˈkærəməlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkærəməˌlaɪz, ˈkɑrmə- /

verb
To convert into caramel or add caramel to

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

blue

US / blu: /

•

UK / blu /

adjecitve
Color of the clear sky
Feeling sad or down

garnish

US / ˈgɑ:nɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈgɑ:rnɪʃ /

noun
Salad, etc. added as decoration to food
verb
To add salad, etc. as decoration to food

distribute

US / dɪˈstrɪbju:t /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɪbjut /

verb
To hand out or give to people
To send products to stores to sell
To spread something over an area

finish

US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

noun
End of something; completion
Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
verb
To use or consume all of something
To reach the end; to complete something
To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

brine

US / braɪn /

•

UK / braɪn /

noun
Water that contains a lot of salt, e.g. sea water

protein

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

•

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

noun
Group of molecules made from amino acids

tenderloin

US / ˈtendəlɔɪn /

•

UK / ˈtendərlɔɪn /

noun
The tender meat of Loin muscle of a cow

formation

US / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn /

noun
Process of creating; making a particular shape

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

reputation

US / ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən /

noun
Common opinion that people have about someone

sixteen

US / ˌsɪksˈti:n /

•

UK / sɪkˈstin /

number
16

crispy

US / 'krɪspɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrɪspi /

adjecitve
Dry and breaking with a sharp sound

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

towel

US / ˈtaʊəl /

•

UK / ˈtaʊəl /

noun
Piece of cloth used for drying things
verb
To dry something or yourself using a towel

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

favour

US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfevɚ /

noun
What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
verb
To prefer or promote over another

necessary

US / 'nesəsərɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

adjecitve
Needed or required; unavoidable

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

trim

US / trɪm /

•

UK / trɪm /

verb
To cut (hair, etc.) to make it neater/shorter

halfway

US / ˌhɑ:fˈweɪ /

•

UK / ˌhæfˈweɪ /

adverb
A middle point between two extremes

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

internal

US / inˈtə:nəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

adjecitve
Being or happening in the body
Being, happening in a country, state, organization
Within or inside; interior; not external

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

moisture

US / 'mɔɪstʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɔɪstʃɚ /

noun
Small amount of wetness that can be felt

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

thermometer

US / θəˈmɒmɪtə(r) /

•

UK / θərˈmɑ:mɪtə(r) /

noun
Instrument for measuring temperature

crustless

US / /

•

UK / ˈkrʌstlɪs /

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

hurry

US / 'hʌrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɚri, ˈhʌr- /

noun
Act of moving quickly because you are late
verb
To move, act, get somewhere, do something quickly

coat

US / kəʊt /

•

UK / koʊt /

noun
Clothing worn outside over your normal clothes
verb
To cover something thinly with something

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

roulette

US / ru:'let /

•

UK / ruˈlɛt /

noun
Wheel with teeth for making a row of perforations

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

justin

US / 'dʒʌstɪn /

•

UK / 'dʒʌstɪn /

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

luxury

US / ˈlʌkʃəri /

•

UK / ˈlʌɡʒəri, ˈlʌkʃə- /

noun
Something expensive bought for pleasure
Something that gives great comfort and pleasure
Something useful, helpful but not always available

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

traditional

US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Involved in a custom or event common to a people

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

compound

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

•

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

adjecitve
(Of a term) created by combining two or more words
noun
Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
Chemical made up of several others
Closed walled area, as in a prison
Something formed by combining elements/parts
Term created by using two or more words together
verb
To pay interest on a loan including the interest
To make something from various parts or components
To make a mistake or problem worse

unpracticed

US / ʌnˈpræktɪst /

•

UK / ʌnˈpræktɪst /

verb
Not having had extensive practice

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

special

US / 'speʃl /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəl /

adjecitve
Being additional or extra
Different, better or greater than normal
noun
Heavily discounted sales item

caramelization

US / 'trɪbju:n /

•

UK / 'trɪbju:n /

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

inch

US / ɪntʃ /

•

UK / ɪntʃ /

noun
1/12th of a foot (2.54 centimeters)
Very small distance
verb
To move or cause to move a small bit at a time

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

rub

US / rʌb /

•

UK / rʌb /

noun
Act of moving you hand forcefully along a surface
verb
To spread a cream, etc., using a repeated motion
To move something back and forth along a surface

canopy

US / 'kænəpɪ /

•

UK / ˈkænəpi /

noun
Structure that hangs over something to shelter it
Tops of trees that shade the ground in forests

steam

US / sti:m /

•

UK / stim /

adjecitve
(Train, engine) powered by boiling water
noun
Mist collecting on a surface when wet air cools
Source of stamina, strength or energy
Mist of water in the air formed when water boils
verb
To cover a surface with steam, so as to clean it
To cook in mist of tiny drops from boiling water
To produce or give off a hot gas by boiling liquid
To travel or move using steam as a force

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

culinary

US / ˈkʌlɪnəri /

•

UK / ˈkjuləˌnɛri,ˈkʌlə- /

adjecitve
Concerned with cooking

hickory

US / 'hɪkərɪ /

•

UK / 'hɪkərɪ /

noun
American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts

black

US / blæk /

•

UK / blæk /

adjecitve
Color of the sky on a dark night
noun
A person with dark skin, often of African origin
Person's name
verb
To fill in something to make it a very dark color

opinion

US / əˈpɪnjən /

•

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

noun
Court judge's statement why a decision was made
A person's thoughts on a topic

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

afterwards

US / 'ɑ:ftəwədz /

•

UK / 'æftərwərdz /

adverb
At a time after something else already mentioned

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

chef

US / ʃef /

•

UK / ʃɛf /

noun
Person whose job is to cook food in a restaurant
The top assistant in a professional kitchen

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

vegetable

US / ˈvedʒtəbl /

•

UK / ˈvɛdʒtəbəl, ˈvɛdʒɪtə- /

adjecitve
Made from plants such as tomato, lettuce, carrots
noun
Plant that is raised and eaten as food

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

relax

US / rɪˈlæks /

•

UK / rɪˈlæks /

verb
To calm or quiet yourself, or stop worrying
To release the tightness in muscles
To make a rule or law less strict

coffee

US / ˈkɒfi /

•

UK / ˈkɔ:fi /

adjecitve
A brown chocolate color
noun
A brown drink made from roasted beans and water

consume

US / kən'sju:m /

•

UK / kənˈsum /

verb
To eat, drink, buy or use up something
To take all your energy; focus the attention

room

US / ru:m /

•

UK / rum, rʊm /

noun
All of the people inside a particular room
Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
verb
To share a home with someone

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

stove

US / stəuv /

•

UK / stov /

noun
Device that burns fuel for heating or cooking

crucial

US / 'kru:ʃl /

•

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely important or necessary

dinner

US / ˈdɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɪnɚ /

noun
Main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

crunch

US / krʌntʃ /

•

UK / krʌntʃ /

noun
A difficult time (e.g. for the economy)
verb
To crush something into pieces
To chew noisily with a crackling sound

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

absorb

US / əb'sɔ:b /

•

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

verb
To take up all attention / energy of something
To take in a liquid; soak up

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

removal

US / rɪ'mu:vl /

•

UK / rɪˈmuvəl /

noun
Act of getting rid of something completely
Act of making someone leave their job or position
Act of moving to a different place or position

error

US / ˈerə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛrɚ /

noun
Something that is not correct; a mistake

celsius

US / ˈselsiəs /

•

UK / ˈselsiəs /

noun
Another name for 'centigrade'

personally

US / ˈpɜ:sənəli /

•

UK / ˈpəsənəli /

adverb
By a specific person, and not by anyone else
Knowing someone as a friend, or closely

paper

US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

adjecitve
Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
Made from the material that we use to make books
noun
Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
Written test
Newspaper
Pages of a book are made from this

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

oven

US / ˈʌvn /

•

UK / ˈʌvən /

noun
Kitchen appliance you put food in to bake, roast

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

sirloin

US / ˈsɜ:lɔɪn /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rlɔɪn /

noun
Portion of beef loin in front of the rump

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

inferior

US / ɪnˈfɪəriə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɪriɚ /

adjecitve
Being of little importance or worth
Of lower status; not powerful or rich
Not as good as something else
noun
Person of lower status

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

hilton

US / 'hɪlbɪlɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪlˌbɪli /

pan

US / pæn /

•

UK / pæn /

noun
Open metal container used for cooking
Steel drum
Big, flat bowl, used to find gold with water
verb
To follow an object being filmed with a camera
To criticize, e.g. a film, in a strong way
To sort gold from other materials using water

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

fridge

US / frɪdʒ /

•

UK / frɪdʒ /

noun
An electric cool box for keeping food fresh

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

camille

US / ˌkæmə'ru:nɪən /

•

UK / ˌkæmə'ru:nɪrn /

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

patience

US / ˈpeɪʃns /

•

UK / ˈpeʃəns /

noun
Ability to wait without being annoyed

weld

US / weld /

•

UK / wɛld /

verb
To bring things together in close association
To join two pieces of metal together with heat

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

dry

US / draɪ /

•

UK / draɪ /

adjecitve
(Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
Without water; not wet
(Of wine, etc.) not sweet
Without butter or jam
verb
To remove liquid or water from something

welch

US / weltʃ /

•

UK / weltʃ /

adjective
Relating to Wales, its people, or their language.
noun
The Celtic language of Wales, spoken by about 500,000 people (mainly bilingual in English). Descende
The people of Wales collectively.
verb
Fail to honour (a debt or obligation incurred through a promise or agreement)

fat

US / fæt /

•

UK / fæt /

adjecitve
Having too much weight for the body size
Bringing or having a large amount of money
noun
Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
Oily part of meat

technique

US / tekˈni:k /

•

UK / tɛkˈnik /

noun
Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

minimize

US / 'mɪnɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz /

verb
To make something seem small or less important

quentin

US / kwɪə(r) /

•

UK / kwɪr /

sear

US / sɪə(r) /

•

UK / sɪr /

other
To make a strong, unpleasant impression on
verb
To use high heat to quickly burn the surface of
To make a strong, unpleasant impression on

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

stovetop

US / 'stəʊvtɒp /

•

UK / 'stoʊvtɑ:p /

noun
The upper surface of a cooking stove, including the burners

guest

US / ɡest /

•

UK / ɡɛst /

adjecitve
Referring to people visiting or staying at a place
noun
Person invited to visit or stay in someone's home
Paying customer at a hotel or restaurant

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

method

US / 'meθəd /

•

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

noun
(Organized and planned) way of doing something

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

crush

US / krʌʃ /

•

UK / krʌʃ /

noun
Strong attraction to someone
verb
To break something into small pieces by pressing
To defeat someone or something (in a game)
To damage something by flattening it
To cause someone to feel humiliated

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

physicist

US / ˈfɪzɪsɪst /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪsɪst /

noun
Person who studies and works in physics

lean

US / li:n /

•

UK / lin /

adjecitve
Having a low fat content
Efficient; well-designed with no waste
Thin; slim; skinny; with little fat on your body
verb
To balance against or on something for support
To have a tendency to do something; favor

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

generous

US / ˈdʒenərəs /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəs /

adjecitve
Giving or ready to give freely
(Of an amount) larger than usual; lavish

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

tempt

US / tempt /

•

UK / tɛmpt /

verb
To make someone want something, even if it's bad

prefer

US / prɪˈfɜ:(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈfɚ /

verb
To like something better than something else

skillet

US / ˈskɪlɪt /

•

UK / ˈskɪlɪt /

noun
Pan used for frying food

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

cast

US / kɑ:st /

•

UK / kæst /

noun
People who appear in a play or movie
Small amount of a particular color
Shape to pour hot metal in to create objects
Hard covering put around injured arm, leg etc.
verb
To give specific roles to actors in a movie, play
To describe someone's personality or character
To make objects using a mold
To be presented in a certain way
To send out or direct something
To throw something using a line, e.g. when fishing

advise

US / ədˈvaɪz /

•

UK / ædˈvaɪz /

verb
To suggest what would be helpful

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

toronto

US / tə'rɒntəʊ /

•

UK / tə'rɑnto /

proper noun
A city in Canada, capital of Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario; population 2,503,281 (2

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

juice

US / dʒu:s /

•

UK / dʒus /

noun
Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

master

US / 'mɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæstɚ /

adjecitve
Being very skilled at doing something
Being the main or most important thing or part
noun
Someone who is very skilled at doing something
Holding a higher degree from a university
Male teacher
Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog
verb
To gain control over something
To learn to do something very well

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

lesson

US / 'lesn /

•

UK / ˈlɛsən /

noun
Something done to learn or teach something; class
Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

lastly

US / ˈlɑ:stli /

•

UK / ˈlæstli /

adverb
In conclusion; at the final part of something

erika

US / /

•

UK / /

rib

US / rɪb /

•

UK / rɪb /

noun
One of the curved bones protecting the chest/heart
verb
To tease; joke about something with someone

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

tricky

US / 'trɪkɪ /

•

UK / ˈtrɪki /

adjecitve
Difficult, so needing skill to do or deal with
Likely to use tricks; dishonest or deceptive

bitter

US / 'bɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɪtɚ /

adjecitve
Feeling angry and sad over something
Sharp unpleasant taste (e.g. strong black coffee)

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

kick

US / kɪk /

•

UK / kɪk /

noun
Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
verb
To hit or move something with the foot

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

hiss

US / hɪs /

•

UK / hɪs /

noun
A very long 's' sound to show disapproval
verb
To make a very long 's' sound to show disapproval

ribeye

US / 'rɪb.aɪ /

•

UK / 'rɪb.aɪ /

noun
A cut of beef from the outer side of the ribs

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

unevenly

US / ʌn'i:vnlɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈivənlɪ /

adverb
In an unfair way; not equally
In a way that is unequal or different
With an irregular pattern

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

sauce

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔs /

noun
Food made from cooked fruit, e.g. apples or mangos

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

reaction

US / rɪ'ækʃn /

•

UK / riˈækʃən /

noun
Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
Feeling or action in response to something

iron

US / ˈaɪən /

•

UK / ˈaɪərn /

adjecitve
Being very tough, strong, and determined
noun
Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
Golf club with a metal head
Strong hard metal used to make steel
verb
To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

restaurant

US / 'restrɒnt /

•

UK / ˈrɛstərənt, -təˌrɑnt /

noun
Place where you can order, buy and eat a meal

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

optional

US / ˈɒpʃənl /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being possible or available, but not required

rare

US / reə(r) /

•

UK / rɛr /

adjecitve
(Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

aim

US / eɪm /

•

UK / em /

noun
Act of pointing something at a target
Purpose or goal
verb
To point something at a target
To intend to get a thing or for a thing to happen

preheat

US / ˌpri:'hi:t /

•

UK / priˈhit /

verb
To warm up beforehand

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

brush

US / brʌʃ /

•

UK / brʌʃ /

noun
Quick and gentle movement
Thing with hairs used to apply paint, etc.
Thing used to comb your hair or to clean the floor
verb
To touch against a thing very lightly when moving
To clean, paint, or apply something with a brush
To clean using a long stick with stiff hairs

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

inhibit

US / ɪn'hɪbɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈhɪbɪt /

verb
To stop a person expressing themselves normally
To stop something happening; restrain something

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

peppercorn

US / ˈpepəkɔ:n /

•

UK / ˈpepərkɔ:rn /

noun
Strong-smelling seasoning from the pepper berry

evenly

US / ˈi:vnli /

•

UK / ˈivənlɪ /

adverb
Equally; with advantage to both sides
In a smooth, level or regular way
In a regular, steady, and equally paced manner

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

aromatic

US / ˌærəˈmætɪk /

•

UK / ˌærəˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
(Of herbs, etc.) with a strong, but pleasant smell

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

significantly

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is important or noticeable
In a way that is meaningful

experiment

US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

noun
Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
verb
To create and perform tests to research something
To try something new that you haven't tried before

flame

US / fleɪm /

•

UK / flem /

noun
The red part you can see in fire
verb
To glow
To burn or glow in a fire
To glow (as in the sun or sunset)
To send angry messages over the Internet; to troll

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

temperature

US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

noun
When you your body heat is above normal
How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

chemistry

US / 'kemɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪstri /

noun
The study of the structure of substances

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

reabsorb

US / ˌrɪəb'sɔ:b /

•

UK / ˌrɪrb'sɔ:b /

other
Undergo resorption

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

layer

US / ˈleiə /

•

UK / ˈleɚ /

noun
One of several sheets of a material or object
verb
To put things one on top of another

erica

US / 'erɪkə /

•

UK / 'erɪkə /

other
Any plant of the genus Erica

supermarket

US / ˈsju:pəˌmɑ:kit /

•

UK / ˈsupɚˌmɑrkɪt /

noun
Self-service store selling groceries etc.

understandable

US / ˌʌndəˈstændəbl /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstændəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to be understood; intelligible
Which would be reasonable in the circumstances

evaporate

US / ɪˈvæpəreɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈvæpəˌret /

verb
To pass off or away; to disappear
To change from a liquid into a gaseous state

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

typically

US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

adverb
In a normal or usual way

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

trick

US / trɪk /

•

UK / trɪk /

adjecitve
Not reliable; likely to deceive you
noun
Act of trying to fool someone
Quick or skillful way of doing something
Something done to make someone laugh
verb
To fool someone in order to obtain a result
To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

maillard

US / mɛˈlɑrd /

•

UK / /

noun
a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

ingredient

US / ɪnˈgri:diənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈɡridiənt /

noun
Food item used when making a meal or drink
Quality necessary to be something to work well

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

sugar

US / ˈʃʊgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʃʊɡɚ /

noun
Substance which the body stores or uses for energy
Amount of sugar contained in a small spoon
Used to address someone you like or love
White sweet substance used to make foods sweeter
verb
To add, put on, or mix a food or drink with sugar

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

chuck

US / tʃʌk /

•

UK / tʃʌk /

noun
Person's name
verb
To throw carelessly or casually

academy

US / ə'kædəmɪ /

•

UK / əˈkædəmi /

noun
School that specializes in certain subjects

gristly

US / ˈɡrɪsli /

•

UK / ˈɡrɪsəli /

adverb
Difficult to chew

fibre

US / ˈfaɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪbɚ /

noun
Thin natural thread that can be used to make yarn

interior

US / ɪn'tɪərɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɪriɚ /

adjecitve
Being the inside part of a building, car etc.
noun
Part of country that is far from the border, coast
Remote central area of a continent

ninety

US / 'naɪntɪ /

•

UK / ˈnaɪnti /

number
90

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

wood

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

adjecitve
Living or existing in the woods
Made from the material from trees
noun
Person's name
Land covered with trees, smaller than a forest
Cut tree used for making fires or building things
verb
To plant an area of land with trees

charcoal

US / ˈtʃɑ:kəʊl /

•

UK / ˈtʃɑ:rkoʊl /

noun
Burnt wood used for fuel/drawing

salt

US / sɔ:lt /

•

UK / sɔlt /

adjecitve
Being preserved or seasoned with salt
noun
Natural white crystal used to flavor food
verb
To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
To add salt to ice in order to melt it
To preserve food by adding salt

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

creativity

US / ˌkri:eɪ'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ˌkrieˈtɪvətɪ /

noun
Ability to imagine new ideas

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

art

US / ɑ:t /

•

UK / ɑrt /

noun
Creative skill using the imagination e.g. painting
A skill or talent you have

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

meat

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Flesh of a dead animal that you eat
Something that is important or significant

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

broil

US / brɔɪl /

•

UK / brɔɪl /

verb
To cook under a grill

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

expert

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

adjecitve
Having special knowledge or skill
noun
Skillful person with special knowledge

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

slightly

US / ˈslaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈslaɪtli /

adverb
Only a little

cherry

US / ˈtʃeri /

•

UK / ˈtʃɛri /

adjecitve
Bright red color
noun
Small, round fruit with a red or black skin

likewise

US / ˈlaɪkwaɪz /

•

UK / ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz /

adverb
In addition; also; in the same way

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

crust

US / krʌst /

•

UK / krʌst /

noun
Hard outer layer of something, e.g. the earth
Hard crisp outer layer of bread, baked goods

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

med

US / med /

•

UK / med /

abbreviation
MED is an acronym

tuck

US / tʌk /

•

UK / tʌk /

noun
Fold sewn into a skirt, etc. to improve the fit
verb
To put something into a small or safe place
To put something gently into place, as to hide it
To put a fold in a piece of clothing

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

recombine

US / ˌri:kəm'baɪn /

•

UK / ˌrikəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To put things together to make a whole again

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

chicago

US / ʃɪ'kɑ:gəʊ, -'kɔ:- /

•

UK / ʃɪ'kɑ:ɡoʊˌ -'kɔ:- /

proper noun
A city in northeastern Illinois, on Lake Michigan; population 2,853,114 (est. 2008). Chicago develop

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

ruin

US / 'ru:ɪn /

•

UK / ˈruɪn /

verb
To damage or completely destroy something
To cause someone to lose their money or status
noun
Remains of a building that has been destroyed

smoke

US / sməʊk /

•

UK / smoʊk /

noun
Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
verb
To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
To add a taste to food by putting it near a fire
To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

flour

US / ˈflaʊə(r) /

•

UK / flaʊr /

noun
Powder made from a grain used in cooking
verb
To cover something with flour in cooking

splatter

US / ˈsplætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsplætɚ /

verb
To throw drops of e.g. blood, on surface violently

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

fahrenheit

US / ˈfærənhaɪt /

•

UK / ˈfærənˌhaɪt /

noun
Measurement of temperature

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

repeat

US / rɪˈpi:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpit /

noun
Action that is done again
Musical passage that is to be played again
Radio or television program that was shown before
verb
To do something over again
To say something you have learned and memorized
To relate something you have been told by another
To say something again

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

marble

US / 'mɑ:bl /

•

UK / ˈmɑrbəl /

noun
A hard type of stone, often used in monuments

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

liquid

US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

adjecitve
(Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
In a state of being uncertain
Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
noun
Something that is similar to the state of water

blend

US / blend /

•

UK / blɛnd /

noun
Product known for mixing ingredients
verb
To combine different elements or substances
To mix ingredients when cooking
To mix things in an effective or pleasing way

sudden

US / ˈsʌdn /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn /

adjecitve
Happening or done quickly or unexpectedly

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

winner

US / 'wɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪnɚ /

noun
Person or thing that wins a contest or race
A hit; something successful

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

healthy

US / ˈhelθi /

•

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
In good condition physically, or financially; well

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

enhance

US / ɪn'hɑ:ns /

•

UK / ɛnˈhæns /

verb
To improve; make bigger or better

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

widely

US / ˈwaɪdli /

•

UK / ˈwaɪdlɪ /

adverb
To a large degree; over a large range
By or among a large number of people

component

US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

•

UK / kəmˈponənt /

adjecitve
Being a part of something
noun
One of the parts that something is made up of

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

fortunately

US / ˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ˈfɔ:rtʃənətli /

adverb
Through good luck; luckily

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

yield

US / ji:ld /

•

UK / jild /

noun
Amount of crops grown
Amount of profit you make
verb
To bend or break because of a strong force
To give way to someone or something else
To produce, usually in agriculture or business
To produce a certain amount of profit; result in
To total to a certain amount, as in a calculation

taste

US / teɪst /

•

UK / test /

noun
(Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
A liking for something; preference
Brief experience of something
verb
To experience something
To experience the flavor of food, drink
To briefly experience to see if you like something

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

uniform

US / ˈju:nɪfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈju:nɪfɔ:rm /

adjecitve
Not changing your conduct or opinion
noun
Set of clothes showing you belong to an army, etc.
verb
To dress in formal clothes like the army wear
To make a group of things the same

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

deny

US / dɪ'naɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈnaɪ /

verb
To refuse to allow or accept something

garbage

US / ˈgɑ:bɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈgɑ:rbɪdʒ /

noun
Waste material that has been thrown out

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

thick

US / θɪk /

•

UK / θɪk /

adjecitve
Difficult to see through, as fog
Full of (people, etc.)
(Of a liquid) that moves or pours slowly
Stupid; not smart
(Of person's accent) hard to understand
Having a large distance between two surfaces

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

afraid

US / əˈfreɪd /

•

UK / əˈfred /

adjecitve
Worried that something bad will happen; scared

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

perfectly

US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

•

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

adverb
In a faultless manner; without mistakes

ideal

US / aɪˈdi:əl /

•

UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /

adjecitve
Exactly right; could not be better
Which is thought of as being perfect

blair

US / bleə /

•

UK / blɛr /

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

barbecue

US / ˈbɑ:bɪkju: /

•

UK / ˈbɑ:rbɪkju: /

noun
Grill used for cooking food over an open fire
Outdoor gathering to cook and eat food on a grill
verb
To cook something on an outdoor grill

Introduction to Video Content

Getting the perfect crust on a steak is a combination of art and science. In order to achieve a crispy crust, it is important to understand the Maillard reaction, a chemical process that occurs when heat interacts with proteins and sugars. This process, first described by French physicist and chemist Louis Camille Maillard, results in the browning and creation of additional flavor compounds in various foods. When heat is applied to a piece of steak, the proteins and sugars break down and recombine to form new flavors and aromas, as well as the desired brown crust. However, attempting to achieve the Maillard reaction in an oven may result in an overcooked and dry piece of meat. Chefs recommend using a cooking surface that can reach high temperatures quickly, such as a cast iron skillet or a hot grill. It is crucial to ensure that the cooking surface is at the right temperature and that the steak is flipped and removed from the heat at the appropriate time. The Maillard reaction typically occurs when the surface of the meat reaches a temperature of 300 degrees Fahrenheit.

Subtitles section

The key to a good steak is some seasoning, some patience, and some lessons from chemistry class.

A steak dinner is a luxury, so it's important to get every bit of it right.

Here's how to get the perfect crust on your steak, according to the experts.

Getting a perfect crust on a steak is both an art and a science.

As Justin Raponi, executive chef at Canopy by Hilton Toronto Yorkville explains, achieving a crispy crust requires understanding the Maillard reaction, a process yielding the browning when heat meets proteins and sugars.

First described by French physicist and chemist Louis Camille Maillard, the Maillard reaction produces extra flavors and a golden brown color in all sorts of foods.

Since then, other chemists have found that the Maillard reaction creates thousands of different flavor compounds.

With the addition of heat, the proteins and sugars in a piece of steak break down and recombine to create new flavor and aroma compounds, as well as that brown crust that every meat lover appreciates.

If you tried to get the Maillard reaction in an oven, you'd end up with an overcooked, dry piece of meat.

Instead, chefs say you need a cooking surface that gets really hot, so the outside of the meat will reach that high temperature quickly, but the inside will be in less of a hurry.

Raponi recommends using a cast iron skillet, though a hot grill works as well.

Make sure the pan is at exactly the right temperature and the steak gets flipped and removed from the heat at the right time.

The Maillard reaction doesn't really kick in until temperatures on the surface of the meat reach three hundred degrees Fahrenheit.

Pitmaster Erica Blair Robey, season two winner of Food Network's BBQ Brawl and owner of Blue Smoke Blair's Barbecue Academy, recommends going with a steak that has good marbling.

She personally prefers using the rib eye, but other good choices are the porterhouse, T bone, or tenderloin.

Sirloin is a less expensive cut of meat and can work on a grill too.

However, it does have a reputation for being tougher than some of the more expensive cuts.

If you plan to cook sirloin, look for one that's well marbled.

Lastly, there's chuck steak which doesn't have a lot of marbling from fat and is therefore a lean and tough piece of meat.

No matter the cut, make sure your steaks are the right thickness, as the high heat required to achieve a perfect crust can quickly ruin a thin steak.

As Justin Raponi explains, thicker cuts provide more room for error as they minimize the risk of overcooking the interior while forming a crust.

A steak that is at least one inch thick will be ideal.

Trimming is a step many unpracticed cooks miss.

That's understandable, since a ribeye isn't exactly the cheapest thing in the supermarket, and everyone hates to throw what appears to be perfectly good meat into the garbage.

But you don't want your steak to cook unevenly, so trimming is necessary.

Cutting away the thinner pieces of a steak will also give it a uniform shape and size.

Trim large areas of fat too, especially the thick, gristly stuff that runs around the outside of the cut.

A thick layer of fat can easily burn in a hot pan, which will then affect the flavor of the entire piece of meat, and can inhibit the formation of a good crust.

Most chefs recommend bringing your steak to room temperature before you begin cooking it.

As Quentin Welch, executive chef of Bourbon Steak D.C.

explains, if the steak is cold, then the outside will cook much faster than the inside.

This means the outside can get too charred or overcooked before the middle is even med rare.

Erika Blair Robey recommends letting the steak sit at room temperature for between thirty minutes to an hour.

Other chefs recommend twenty to thirty minutes, but it's worth noting that not everyone thinks this step is necessary.

A couple of hours at room temperature might give you a few extra degrees, but that will probably not be enough time to reach a significantly higher internal temperature.

If you let it go much longer than that, you're going to start playing bacterial roulette, and no one wants that at a dinner party.

A wet steak simply won't form a great crust, which is one of the reasons why most chefs will advise you to pat dry before cooking.

This is vital because excess moisture on the surface of a steak evaporates as soon as it meets a hot pan, producing steam that will prevent a crust from forming.

Granted, that sudden hiss of steam can make you look pretty cool and chef like while you're standing in front of the stove, but it doesn't do much for the steak itself.

Your newfound reputation will suffer as soon as you put your crustless steaks in front of your dinner guests.

Plus, patting the steak dry also keeps any salt you add to the outside from absorbing moisture and soaking into the meat.

Fortunately, this step doesn't require anything special.

According to Roby, paper towels will do the trick.

For this step, you get to use a little creativity.

Though Quentin Welch doesn't suggest anything more than a generous amount of salt and black pepper, you can also use a favorite seasoning blend.

Timing is important for this step.

Be sure to add the seasoning right before you put the steak on the grill or pan.

If you let salt sit on the surface of a piece of meat for too long, it will draw out some of the liquid, effectively producing a brine.

Since you don't want to put a wet steak onto the heat, you will have to wait around forty five minutes for the steak to reabsorb the brine before you cook it.

Some chefs recommend salting the meat well in advance and leaving it in the fridge to marinate in the seasonings.

However, while this can certainly still give you good results, it's a more time consuming process that makes forming a crust all the more tricky.

Getting the heat right before your steak joins the party is probably the most critical step in the process.

If you start with a cooking surface that isn't hot enough, the crust forming Maillard reaction simply won't happen.

With Erika Blair Robey explaining, the high heat is crucial for a good crust.

If using a grill, preheat your grill to a high temperature, around five hundred degrees Fahrenheit, two sixty Celsius.

The grill needs to be hot enough to sear the steak quickly.

Aim for a temperature setting that allows the meat to sizzle upon contact, typically medium high on a stovetop, to ensure an effective sear.

Barry Sorkin, co owner of Smoke's Steak in Chicago, says he prefers to use hot charcoal as a heat source, either when he's grilling directly or using it to heat his cast iron skillet.

You can also use wood to achieve a very hot fire in your grill, as Quentin Welch does in her restaurant.

We use a mix of hickory, cherry and oak that gives great flavor and great aromatics."

Justin Raponi says that just about any method of dry heat will work, including broiling, explaining, "...moisture is the enemy of browning, and therefore using dry heat helps to evaporate any existing surface moisture, allowing for better caramelization of the meat."

Most chefs agree that oil is a necessary component of creating a good steak crust.

But not everyone agrees on how much oil you should use and where you should apply it.

Roby says to add a small amount of oil to the pan.

Welch directs you to coat a towel in vegetable oil and use that to oil the grill.

Other chefs, however, say it's better to oil the steak instead of the pan or grate.

Burnt oil produces a bitter flavor, so it's important to choose an oil with a high smoke point.

Oiling the steak instead of the pan is also an arguably healthier option because you'll likely use less oil.

This also ensures that the oil completely coats the steak and prevents excess oil from splattering and potentially burning you.

Opinions on the best way to sear a steak vary widely.

When using a grill, Erica Blair Robey says to let the steak sear on one side for ninety seconds to two minutes.

Then, if you're going for perfect grill marks, rotate the meat forty five degrees without flipping it.

And let it cook another ninety seconds to two minutes before repeating the process on the other side.

Quinton Welch, however, says not to worry about grill marks, explaining,

Put the steak on a hot part of the grill.

After a minute, rotate the steak slightly.

I move the steak a few more times than that so that a crust starts to develop.

Nearly halfway through cooking, flip the steak over and do the same on the other side.

Meanwhile, Barry Sorkin favors a different technique, cooking the steak in a low oven until it's a few degrees below serving temperature.

Then he sears it in a hot pan for a minute or two on each side.

Claiming that not only will this method save time but also makes resting the steak afterwards

unnecessary.

Knowing when to flip a steak can be a bit of a guessing game.

If you flip it too soon, you may not end up with a perfect crust, with Erika Blair Robey explaining, Flip the steak only once after a good crust has formed on the bottom side.

If it sticks, it's not ready to flip.

Don't rush the process.

Likewise, be careful about how long you keep the steak on the grill or pan.

If the crust hasn't formed by the time you're at the right internal temperature, you'll end up with an overcooked steak and an inferior crust.

Ideally, you'll make sure that your crust forms before the steak reaches your goal temperature, since the meat will continue to cook after you've removed it from the grill.

Steak's done.

You think so?

It keeps cooking even if it's off the flame.

The juices.

It can be tricky to know when to remove the steak from the heat.

Erika Blair Robey argues for using a meat thermometer for the best result, and that a medium rare steak will measure at one hundred and thirty to one hundred and thirty five degrees Fahrenheit, or fifty four to fifty seven degrees Celsius.

Since the internal temperature will continue to rise after you've taken the steak off the pan or grill, time the removal for when the internal temperature is slightly below target.

This means that to get a medium rare steak, you should remove it from the heat when the internal temperature is one hundred sixteen degrees Fahrenheit.

Now that the steak has a perfect crust, you might be tempted to tuck into it right away.

But don't!

Resting is an important final step.

When a steak rests, the fibers inside the meat relax, which helps to ensure that the juices are evenly distributed throughout the cut.

Roby suggests letting the steak rest for about ten minutes before serving.

To be clear, this step is optional and not all chefs agree on the best time during the steak cooking process to do it.

Yet no one denies that butter can add extra flavor to a finished steak.

If you're feeling confident, add it while the steak is cooking or just after you've removed it from the grill.

Quinton Weld recommends brushing the steak with butter while it's cooking since the butter can help the crust caramelize.

Because butter has a low smoke point, it's important not to add it to the steak before you've put it in the pan.

Instead, wait until the internal temperature of the meat is about twenty to twenty five degrees below the serving temperature.

Or go with Erika Blair Robey's suggestion of adding the butter after the steak has been removed from the grill.

Once you've mastered the art of achieving a perfect crust, don't be afraid to experiment.

If you like an extra crispy steak, Roby suggests rolling the steak in flour before searing it.

She also encourages people to use different types of rubs, like coffee grounds, which she says enhances the taste, renders fat, and helps form a rich crust.

She goes on to say, you can also go beyond traditional rubs by adding ingredients such as crushed nuts, breadcrumbs, parmesan, or crushed peppercorns for a crunch that's next level.

Don't be afraid to experiment with sauces and garnishes either.

These can add flair to your finished steak and ensure your dinner parties are always a new culinary experience for your guests.

You like steak?

I do.