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How to Live With Fire | Oral McGuire | TED

Video vocabulary

attend

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US / əˈtend /

UK / əˈtɛnd /

B1
  • verb
  • To take care of someone in need
  • To listen or watch carefully; to concentrate
  • To be present at an event
  • To go to a place regularly

ambition

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US / æmˈbɪʃn /

UK / æmˈbɪʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Desire to win or be successful in life, work

distinctly

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US / dɪ'stɪŋktlɪ /

UK / dɪˈstɪŋktlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Clearly; very

fifteen

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US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

UK / fɪfˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 15

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

prescribe

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US / prɪ'skraɪb /

UK / prɪˈskraɪb /

B2
  • verb
  • (Of doctors) to say what medicine should be taken
  • To set down rules or guidelines

observe

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US / əbˈzɜ:v /

UK / əbˈzɜ:rv /

A2
  • verb
  • To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
  • To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
  • To watch carefully; to make a comment

clean

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US / kli:n /

UK / klin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not marked in any way; blank
  • Done according to the rules or standards; fair
  • Free from disease or sickness
  • Being free from dirt or marks; washed
  • Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely
  • verb
  • To make free from dirt or marks; washed
  • To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
  • To remove the inner parts of an animal

height

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US / haɪt /

UK / haɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance of something from the bottom to the top

professional

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US / prə'feʃənl /

UK / prəˈfɛʃənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
  • Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
  • Getting paid for playing a sport/doing an activity
  • noun
  • Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
  • One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

train

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US / treɪn /

UK / tren /

A1
  • noun
  • Line of people, animals moving the same direction
  • Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
  • Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
  • Series of events happening one after another
  • verb
  • To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
  • To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
  • To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
  • To point a certain way or toward something
  • To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

ten

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US / ten /

UK / tɛn /

A1
  • number
  • 10

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

drift

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US / drɪft /

UK / drɪft /

B1
  • verb
  • (Of sand, etc.) to be blown into heaps by the wind
  • (Of boats) to move without purpose on water
  • To move or live without a purpose or goal
  • To move slowly or effortlessly in water or air

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

flame

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US / fleɪm /

UK / flem /

A2
  • noun
  • The red part you can see in fire
  • verb
  • To glow
  • To burn or glow in a fire
  • To glow (as in the sun or sunset)
  • To send angry messages over the Internet; to troll

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

escape

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US / ɪ'skeɪp /

UK / ɪˈskep /

A2
  • noun
  • Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
  • The 'esc key' on a keyboard
  • Act of getting away from where you are being kept
  • verb
  • To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
  • To get away from a place where you are being kept
  • (Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
  • To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

seventeen

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US / ˌsevnˈti:n /

UK / sev(ə)nˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 17

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

firsthand

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US / 'fɜ:st'hænd /

UK / 'fɜ:st'hænd /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Received directly from a source

poor

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US / pʊə(r) /

UK / pʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Inferior; below the normal standard
  • Deserving of pity or sympathy
  • Without money; not rich

significantly

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is important or noticeable
  • In a way that is meaningful

bird

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US / bɜ:d /

UK / bɜ:rd /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal with feathers that uses wings to fly

environment

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US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

A1
  • noun
  • Natural world in which plants and animals live
  • The entire surrounding conditions of something

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

gently

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US / ˈdʒentli /

UK / ˈdʒentli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a mild, careful, and soft manner

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

region

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US / 'ri:dʒən /

UK / ˈridʒən /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

photo

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US / ˈfəʊtəʊ /

UK / ˈfoʊtoʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • Short for photograph; a picture taken by a camera

east

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US / i:st /

UK / i:st /

A1
  • noun
  • Direction where the sun rises
  • Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

native

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US / ˈneɪtɪv /

UK / ˈnetɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Caused by natural ability; innate
  • noun
  • Someone from or born in a specific country
  • Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
  • Person speaking a language from birth

version

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US / ˈvə:ʃən /

UK / ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Different way that someone interprets something
  • New or different form of something
  • An updated form of some software

contemporary

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US / kən'temprərɪ /

UK / kənˈtɛmpəˌrɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being modern, up -to-date, of this age
  • Happening in the same time period
  • noun
  • Person doing things at the same time as you

agency

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US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

B1
  • noun
  • Business that provides some service for others

tree

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US / tri: /

UK / tri /

A1
  • noun
  • Tall green plants in a forest

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

amazing

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US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising in a pleasing way
  • verb
  • To cause wonder; to surprise completely

cool

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US / ku:l /

UK / kul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Steady and calm when facing difficulties
  • Almost cold; not warm or hot
  • Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
  • Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
  • verb
  • To make something decrease in temperature
  • (Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

eight

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US / eɪt /

UK / et /

A1
  • number
  • 8

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

dependent

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US / dɪˈpendənt /

UK / dɪˈpɛndənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Someone who relies on (financial) support

destroy

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US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To damage so badly that something no longer exists
  • To defeat someone or something easily
  • To kill a sick or unwanted animal

eighty

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US / 'eɪtɪ /

UK / ˈeti /

A1
  • number
  • 80

massively

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US / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

UK / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • To a very large degree or in a large manner

light

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US / laɪt /

UK / laɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
  • Being pale and lacking darkness of color
  • Not heavy; weighing only a little
  • adverb
  • Carrying few bags when traveling
  • noun
  • A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
  • Way in which something or someone is understood
  • verb
  • To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
  • To provide a way to see ahead

occur

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US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

UK / əˈkɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To come to pass or to happen

animal

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US / ˈænɪml /

UK / ˈænəməl /

A1
  • noun
  • A living creature that is not a plant or person

cycle

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US / ˈsaɪkl /

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Series of regular and repeated actions
  • Bicycle, bike
  • verb
  • To go through a series of events repeatedly
  • To ride on a bicycle

career

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US / kə'rɪə(r) /

UK / kəˈrɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Particular occupation in professional life
  • verb
  • To move forward very fast and without control

existent

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US / ɪgˈzɪstənt /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Still existing; real; actual

nation

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US / 'neɪʃn /

UK / ˈneʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Area or region controlled by a government and army

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

short

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US / ʃɔ:t /

UK / ʃɔrt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Less than what is needed
  • Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
  • verb
  • (Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
  • adjecitve
  • Measuring a small distance
  • Happening for a small amount of time
  • Unfriendly or rude

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

biodiverse

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US / /

UK / /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having many different forms of life

awesome

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US / 'ɔ:səm /

UK / ˈɔsəm /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Great; wonderful; stupendous

earth

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US / ɜ:θ /

UK / ɚθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • The planet we live on
  • Soil in which we grow plants

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

standard

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US / 'stændəd /

UK / ˈstændəd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being the accepted normal level of quality
  • (Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
  • noun
  • Official unit of measuring something
  • Principle of behaving in a moral way

grow

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US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

land

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US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

queensland

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US / 'kwi:nzlənd /

UK / 'kwi:nzlənd /

A1
  • noun
  • A state in northeastern Australia

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

restrict

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US / rɪ'strɪkt /

UK / rɪˈstrɪkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To prevent a person from doing something

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

amount

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US / ə'maʊnt /

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Quantity of something
  • verb
  • To add up to a certain figure

black

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US / blæk /

UK / blæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of the sky on a dark night
  • noun
  • A person with dark skin, often of African origin
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To fill in something to make it a very dark color

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

personal

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US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done by or to a particular person; individual
  • Concerning a person's private life or feelings

southeastern

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US / saʊθ'i:stən /

UK / ˌsaʊθ'i:stən /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Area in the south and east

spirit

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US / 'spɪrɪt /

UK / ˈspɪrɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's strong determination or attitude
  • Unique qualities of person, place, or time
  • Part of a person thought to be moved by religion
  • Appearance or sense of a dead person
  • verb
  • To take someone away as if by magic

traditional

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US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involved in a custom or event common to a people

shoot

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US / ʃu:t /

UK / ʃut /

A2
  • noun
  • Emerging new part of a plant
  • verb
  • To kick or throw a ball at a goal
  • To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
  • To (cause to) fly away forcefully
  • To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

southwest

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US / ˌsaʊθ'west /

UK / saʊθˈwɛst, saʊˈwɛst /

B2
  • noun
  • Location in the southwestern part of an area

ability

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US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • The power, resources or skill to do something

apply

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US / ə'plaɪ /

UK / əˈplaɪ /

A1
  • verb
  • To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
  • To commit your time and effort to doing something
  • To make something useful in a certain situation
  • To be relevant for a situation
  • To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

fifty

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US / 'fɪftɪ /

UK / ˈfɪfti /

A1
  • number
  • 50

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

life

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US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

achieve

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US / ə'tʃi:v /

UK / əˈtʃiv /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

brother

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US / ˈbrʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈbrʌðɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A boy or man who shares a parent with you

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

landscape

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US / 'lændskeɪp /

UK / ˈlændˌskep /

B1
  • noun
  • Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
  • Picture of natural scenery in a place
  • View of a (beautiful) country area or scene
  • verb
  • To make gardens that improve an area of land

carry

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US / ˈkæri /

UK / ˈkæri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have a child, be pregnant
  • To have a disease you might give to others
  • (Of stores) to sell a particular product
  • To hold something and move it to another place
  • To travel a long distance (sound)
  • To support the weight or burden of something

behaviour

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US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • The way a person or thing acts; manner

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

child

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US / tʃaɪld /

UK / tʃaɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • A very young person, between about 2 and 15

flower

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US / ˈflaʊə(r) /

UK / ˈflaʊɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Plant with a pretty head, e.g. a rose
  • verb
  • (Of flowers) to emerge into full shape; to bloom
  • To develop successfully or fully

save

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US / seɪv /

UK / sev /

A1
  • noun
  • Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
  • preposition
  • Except; not including
  • verb
  • To make your computer keep a file
  • To keep for future use
  • To make something unnecessary; prevent
  • To keep money so that you will have it later
  • To keep something for future use, such as money
  • To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
  • To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
  • To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

slow

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US / sləʊ /

UK / sloʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
  • (Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
  • Having difficulty understanding simple things
  • Moving or happening without speed; not fast
  • verb
  • To move, with less speed than before
  • To move or go without much speed

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

ancestral

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US / ænˋsestrəl /

UK / ænˋsestrəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning dead relatives

differ

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US / 'dɪfə(r) /

UK / ˈdɪfɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To be different; to be not like others

friend

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US / frend /

UK / frɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who you like and enjoy being with

law

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US / lɔ: /

UK / lɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Field of study that relates to the legal profession
  • A rule made and enforced by a government
  • System or rules made by the government

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

mother

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US / ˈmʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈmʌðɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Female who has a child or children; female parent
  • verb
  • To take care of someone as if they were your child

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

relationship

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US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

A2
  • noun
  • Connection between two or more people or things
  • Way people interact or live with each other
  • Romantic or loving friendship between two people

size

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US / saɪz /

UK / saɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • How big or small a thing is
  • Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
  • verb
  • To make something to fit a particular measurement
  • To organize or group from small to large

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

grass

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US / grɑ:s /

UK / græs /

A2
  • noun
  • Slang name for marijuana
  • Plants with narrow green leaves, grown on lawns
  • verb
  • To betray someone
  • To cover an area of ground to make a lawn or field

seven

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US / ˈsevn /

UK / ˈsɛvən /

A1
  • number
  • Number 7

ally

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US / 'ælaɪ /

UK / 'ælaɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
  • verb
  • To join a group to offer or receive support

angrily

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US / 'æŋɡrəlɪ /

UK / ˈæŋɡrɪlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • With anger; in a way showing you are very annoyed

victoria

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US / vikˈtɔ:riə /

UK / vɪkˈtɔriə, -ˈtor- /

A1
  • noun
  • A light four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a collapsible hood, seats for two passengers, and an
  • proper noun
  • A state of southeastern Australia; population 5,313,823 (2008); capital, Melbourne. Originally a dis
  • A port at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, capital of British Columbia; population 78,057 (2006
  • The capital of the Seychelles, a port on the island of Mahé; population 26,000 (est. 2007).
  • The administrative center of Hong Kong; population 981,700 (est. 2006).
  • A city in southern Texas; population 62,558 (est. 2008).
  • (1819–1901), queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1837–1901 and empress of India 1876–1901. She took a

paradoxically

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US / ˌpærə'dɒksɪklɪ /

UK / ˌpærə'dɒksɪklɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • Surprisingly; so as to contain two opposing ideas

industrialization

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US / ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

UK / ɪnˌdʌstrɪələˈzeʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of creating and developing many businesses

healthy

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US / ˈhelθi /

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In good condition physically, or financially; well

burn

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US / bɜ:n /

UK / bɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Damage from fire or heat
  • verb
  • To destroy with fire
  • To feel pain and heat
  • To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
  • To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

corner

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US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
  • Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
  • verb
  • To force into a position impossible to escape from
  • To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

heat

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US / hi:t /

UK / hit /

A2
  • noun
  • State of anger, excitement, or arguing
  • Particular temperature at which to cook something
  • High temperature
  • One of series of races to find the finalists
  • Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
  • verb
  • To make hot or hotter

safe

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US / seɪf /

UK / sef /

A2
  • noun
  • Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
  • adjecitve
  • Highly likely
  • Being out of danger

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

story

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

A1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building
  • Account or description of how something happened

australia

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US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

A1
  • noun
  • The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

balance

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US / ˈbæləns /

UK / ˈbæləns /

A2
  • noun
  • Instrument for weighing things
  • Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
  • Money remaining after paying costs
  • verb
  • To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
  • To make two or more things equal

sort

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US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

argentina

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US / ˌɑ:dʒənˈti:nə /

UK / ˌɑrdʒənˈtinə /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America
  • other
  • Type genus of the Argentinidae: argentines

council

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US / 'kaʊnsl /

UK / ˈkaʊnsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Group chosen to make decisions about something

grateful

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US / ˈgreɪtfl /

UK / ˈɡretfəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling or showing thanks; thankful

mission

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US / 'mɪʃn /

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • A task or role someone is given to do
  • Special assignment given to a person or group
  • Group tasked with a specific duty
  • A task given to someone to gain or achieve
  • Religious group wishing to convert others
  • Housing for a religious group working overseas
  • Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

buddha

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US / ˈbʊdə /

UK / ˈbudə, ˈbʊdə /

C2
  • noun
  • Someone achieving a state of perfect enlightenment

among

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US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

capitalism

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US / ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm /

UK / ˈkæpɪtlˌɪzəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Economic system where companies own industry

either

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US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
  • adverb
  • (After negative statements) likewise, in addition
  • conjunction
  • Used as the first of two connected things
  • determiner
  • Used as the first of two connected things
  • pronoun
  • The one or the other

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

renew

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US / rɪ'nju: /

UK / rɪˈnu, -ˈnju /

B1
  • verb
  • To make something stronger, fresher, or like new
  • To replace something old or worn by something new
  • To make something valid again for future period
  • To begin again after stopping, as with more energy

firey

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US / /

UK / /

A1

itself

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US / ɪtˈself /

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Referring to it

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

ecological

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US / ˌi:kəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

UK / ˌi:kəˈlɑ:dʒɪkl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the environment, plants, or animals

aboriginal

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US / ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl /

UK / ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to people originally living in a country

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

indigenous

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US / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

UK / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being naturally from an area, not somewhere else

person

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US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

sacredness

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US / 'seɪkrɪdnəs /

UK / 'seɪkrɪdnəs /

B1
  • noun
  • Quality of being sacred

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

summer

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US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of the year when the weather is hot
  • verb
  • To spend time in a place in the warm months

biodiversity

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US / ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜ:səti /

UK / ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜ:rsəti /

A1
  • noun
  • The variation of life forms in an environment

order

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US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

ottawa

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US / 'ɒtəwə /

UK / 'ɑ:təwə /

A1
  • other
  • A member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

regenerative

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US / rɪ'dʒenərətɪv /

UK / rɪˈdʒɛnəˌretɪv, -ərətɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Of, relating to, or marked by regeneration

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

badly

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US / ˈbædli /

UK / ˈbædli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not in a good way; not as wanted or liked
  • To a severe degree; very much
  • In an unkind or unfavorable manner

char

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US / tʃɑ:(r) /

UK / tʃɑr /

B2
  • verb
  • To become burnt and the outside appears black

heal

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US / hi:l /

UK / hi:l /

B1
  • verb
  • To recover from or forget a bad experience
  • To make or become healthy or well again

goal

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US / ɡəʊl /

UK / ɡol /

A2
  • noun
  • Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
  • (Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
  • (Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

map

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US / mæp /

UK / mæp /

A1
  • noun
  • Diagram showing the geography of an area
  • verb
  • To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
  • To find points of similarity between things

patient

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US / 'peɪʃnt /

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
  • noun
  • Person who receives medical treatment or care

park

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US / pɑ:k /

UK / pɑ:rk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Public green area in a town for exercise, relaxing
  • Field upon which a sport is played, e.g. baseball
  • verb
  • To stay still without moving
  • To leave your car, bike in a certain place

climate

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US / ˈklaɪmət /

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Typical weather conditions in a particular place

destructive

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US / dɪ'strʌktɪv /

UK / dɪˈstrʌktɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing a very large amount of damage

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

critical

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US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Making a negative judgment of something
  • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
  • Most important part

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

therefore

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US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

A1
  • adverb
  • And so; for that reason

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

fourteen

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US / ˌfɔ:ˈti:n /

UK / fɔrˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 14

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

able

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US / 'eɪbl /

UK / ˈebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Skilled; good at something
  • Having the ability to do something

contact

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US / 'kɒntækt /

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Touching or feeling something
  • noun
  • Touching or feeling something
  • Object that allows electricity to run through it
  • Communication with someone or something
  • People who can give you information, introductions
  • verb
  • To get in touch with someone

fertilize

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US / ˈfɜ:təlaɪz /

UK / ˈfɜ:rtəlaɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To make pregnant; to put sperm in an egg
  • To add chemicals to produce larger, better plants

season

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US / ˈsi:zn /

UK / ˈsizən /

A1
  • noun
  • One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
  • Time of year when something usually happens
  • verb
  • To add pepper and salt to something
  • To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

legal

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US / 'li:ɡl /

UK / ˈliɡəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the law; allowed by law

plant

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US / plɑ:nt /

UK / plænt /

A2
  • noun
  • Factory or a place where things are made
  • Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
  • verb
  • To firmly position something (in the ground)
  • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

stand

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US / stænd /

UK / stænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Effort to fight against something
  • Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
  • Place in a stadium where spectators watch
  • Table where things are sold at a fair or market
  • verb
  • To be a candidate in an election
  • To be able to accept someone, something; bear
  • To last for a long time
  • To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
  • To place something in a particular position; place
  • To be (as stated)
  • To still be valid
  • To have an opinion about something

wildlife

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US / ˈwaɪldlaɪf /

UK / ˈwaɪldˌlaɪf /

B1
  • noun
  • All wild animals

acknowledge

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US / ək'nɒlɪdʒ /

UK / ækˈnɑlɪdʒ /

A2
  • verb
  • To say you have received a letter, gift, etc.
  • To say you accept the truth or value of something
  • to publicly express appreciation

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

drop

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US / drɒp /

UK / drɑp /

A1
  • noun
  • Distance between a higher and a lower level
  • Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
  • A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
  • Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
  • verb
  • To drive someone to a place and then drive away
  • To let something fall from your hand
  • To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
  • To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
  • To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

indiscriminately

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US / ˌɪndɪ'skrɪmɪnətlɪ /

UK / ˌɪndɪ'skrɪmɪnətlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a random way; without planning or selection

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

perth

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US / pɜ:θ /

UK / pɜ:rθ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The capital of the state of Western Australia, in western Australia, on the Indian Ocean; population

responsibility

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US / rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ /

UK / rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Job, task or thing you are expected to look after
  • A thing to be done because it is morally correct
  • State of being dependable or reliable

return

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US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Do again; repeated
  • noun
  • Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
  • Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
  • Profit made as a result of a business activity
  • Process of going back to a previous way or state
  • verb
  • To hit something back to the other player or team
  • To come back after being away from somewhere
  • To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
  • To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
  • To occur again

pacific

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US / pə'sɪfɪk /

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
  • Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

cleanse

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US / klenz /

UK / klɛnz /

B1
  • verb
  • To remove impurities or pollutants from something

firefighter

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US / ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈfaɪərfaɪtə(r) /

C2
  • noun
  • Person whose job is stopping and putting out fires

identity

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US / aɪ'dentətɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Collection of qualities that makes a person

foreground

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US / ˈfɔ:graʊnd /

UK / ˈfɔrˌɡraʊnd, ˈfor- /

B1
  • noun
  • The area in front of a picture or person
  • verb
  • To make something more visible or important

medicine

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US / ˈmedsn /

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Something used in treating illness or pain
  • Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

result

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US / rɪ'zʌlt /

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something produced through tests or experiments
  • Final score of a competition, election or game
  • verb
  • To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

device

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US / dɪˈvaɪs /

UK / dɪˈvaɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
  • Method of doing something; a way

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

endemic

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US / enˈdemɪk /

UK / ɛnˈdɛmɪk /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Natural to or typical of a specific place/people

principle

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US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Moral rule or belief governing a person's behavior
  • Natural law that explains how things work

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

arsonist

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US / ˈɑ:sənɪst /

UK / ˈɑ:rsənɪst /

B2
  • noun
  • Criminal who illegally sets fire to property

devastate

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US / 'devəsteɪt /

UK / ˈdɛvəˌstet /

B1
  • verb
  • To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

enliven

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US / ɪn'laɪvn /

UK / ɛnˈlaɪvən /

C1
  • verb
  • To make lively or spirited

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

management

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US / 'mænɪdʒmənt /

UK / ˈmænɪdʒmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • People who are in control of a business or group
  • The process of running an organization

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

eighteen

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US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

UK / eˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 18

critter

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US / ˈkrɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈkrɪtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Regional term for 'creature' (especially for domestic animals)

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

ecology

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US / ɪ'kɒlədʒɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑlədʒi /

B1
  • noun
  • Study of plants, animals and their environments

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

kilometre

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US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

A1
  • noun
  • A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

nature

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US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's character or particular way of behaving
  • Basic look, feel or function of something
  • Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

pay

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US / peɪ /

UK / pe /

A1
  • noun
  • Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
  • verb
  • To give money for goods or work done
  • To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
  • To be punished or suffer for something you did
  • To make (a visit) to a person or place

pre

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US / ˈpriː /

UK / ˈpriː /

B2
  • prefix
  • A prefix meaning 'before'
  • In preparation or in advance

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

introduce

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US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A1
  • verb
  • To open an essay to set the scene
  • To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
  • To begin the use of a new thing or practice
  • To make someone known to another by name
  • To insert or put something inside another thing

manifest

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US / 'mænɪfest /

UK / ˈmænəˌfɛst /

B1
  • noun
  • List of cargo on a ship
  • verb
  • To express or show clearly

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

potawatomi

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • A member of the Algonquian people originally of Michigan and Wisconsin
  • The Algonquian language spoken by the Potawatomi

zealand

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US / ˈzi:lənd /

UK / ˈzilənd /

A1
  • other
  • Largest island of Denmark and the site of Copenhagen

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

element

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US / 'elɪmənt /

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Essential or particular part of something

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

fight

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US / faɪt /

UK / faɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • An argument or quarrel
  • Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
  • A struggle to do a difficult task
  • verb
  • To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • To try to hurt someone by hitting them
  • To struggle to do a difficult task

ground

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US / graʊnd /

UK / ɡraʊnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Connection of electrical equipment to earth
  • Place where people play particular sports
  • Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
  • verb
  • To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
  • To make sharp or smooth through friction
  • To press together with force making a sound
  • To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
  • To hit the bottom
  • (Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
  • To prevent a plane from taking off
  • To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

language

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US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Words or signs used to communicate messages

regenerate

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US / rɪˈdʒenəreɪt /

UK / rɪˈdʒɛnəˌret /

B2
  • verb
  • To form or create new things

chile

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US / 'tʃɪli /

UK / ˈtʃiliː /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast

everywhere

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US / ˈevriweə(r) /

UK / ˈevriwer /

A1
  • adverb
  • Every place

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

care

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US / keə(r) /

UK / kɛr /

A1
  • noun
  • Treatment you receive for your health or safety
  • Something that a person worries about
  • verb
  • To feel interest, concern, or worry
  • To look after someone or something

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

health

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US / helθ /

UK / hɛlθ /

A1
  • noun
  • (Person, company) being in a good condition; well

impact

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US / 'ɪmpækt /

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

A2
  • noun
  • A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • Very strong influence
  • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
  • verb
  • To hit or strike someone or something with force

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

threat

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US / θret /

UK / θrɛt /

A2
  • noun
  • Warning of probable trouble
  • A warning that you may be harmed

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

wildfire

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US / ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r) /

UK / ˈwaɪldˌfaɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Raging and rapidly spreading large fire

holistic

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US / həʊˈlɪstɪk /

UK / hoʊˈlɪstɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Involving all of something

indication

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US / ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈkeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something showing something exists or will happen

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

clamber

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US / ˈklæmbə(r) /

UK / ˈklæmbɚ, ˈklæmɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To climb or do something awkwardly; scramble

colonialism

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US / kəˈləʊniəlɪzəm /

UK / kəˈloniəˌlɪzəm /

B2
  • noun
  • System in which a country controls a colony

dna

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US / ˌdiː en ˈeɪ /

UK / ˌdiː en ˈeɪ /

B2
  • noun
  • Chemical in living cells with genetic information

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

confront

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US / kən'frʌnt /

UK / kənˈfrʌnt /

B1
  • verb
  • To make someone, e.g. who has lied, face the truth
  • (Of problem) to face someone who must deal with it

family

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US / 'fæməlɪ /

UK / ˈfæmli /

A1
  • noun
  • Close group of people or organizations
  • A group of people who are related through blood
  • Group of related plants or animals

fire

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US / 'faɪə(r) /

UK / faɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Heat and the flame produced when burning
  • Intense energy for or about something
  • verb
  • To apply heat to something to make it hard
  • To make a person leave their job; dismiss
  • To shoot a gun or weapon
  • To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
  • To start working on something e.g. a project

during

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US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

A1
  • preposition
  • At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

force

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US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

must

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US / məst /

UK / mʌst /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is necessary or required
  • other
  • (Used to state that something ought to be true)
  • Used to say something is required or necessary

practice

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US / 'præktɪs /

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • The office and place for legal or medical work
  • Doing something many times to become better at it
  • verb
  • To work as a doctor or lawyer
  • To live according to the teachings of a religion
  • To do something many times to improve a skill

preserve

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US / prɪˈzɜ:v /

UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /

B1
  • noun
  • Protected area of land with plants and animals
  • verb
  • To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
  • To protect something from harm, loss or damage
  • To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect

respect

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US / rɪ'spekt /

UK / rɪˈspɛkt /

A2
  • noun
  • Behavior that follows the established rules
  • Admiration for someone
  • Regard or admiration for someone or something
  • verb
  • To follow the established rules
  • To think very highly of another person

slowly

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US / ˈsləʊli /

UK / ˈsloʊli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an unhurried or not speedy manner

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

vision

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US / 'vɪʒn /

UK / ˈvɪʒən /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability to see; eyesight
  • Something you see in your imagination or dreams
  • Ability to plan for the future of something

attract

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US / ə'trækt /

UK / əˈtrækt /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something move closer using magnetic force
  • To make someone notice and become interested in

require

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US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

type

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US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

diligently

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US / 'dɪlɪdʒəntlɪ /

UK / ˈdɪlədʒəntlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a hardworking, effortful way

specie

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US / 'spi:ʃi: /

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Singular of species

square

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US / skweə(r) /

UK / skwɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being fair or honest
  • Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
  • noun
  • Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
  • The result of multiplying Length by the width
  • Open public area in the middle of the town
  • verb
  • To make something balance or be equal
  • To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
  • To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

crop

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US / krɒp /

UK / krɑp /

B1
  • noun
  • Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
  • Section of short, thick hair
  • verb
  • To cut something to a shorter length or size

lifelong

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US / ˈlaɪflɒŋ /

UK / ˈlaɪflɔ:ŋ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Continuing through life; lasting a long time

mark

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US / mɑ:k /

UK / mɑrk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A dirty spot or line on something
  • Grade or score given for homework
  • Line or symbol made when writing
  • Particular point on a scale of measurement
  • Grade, such as a student receives in school
  • Stain or spot on something
  • Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
  • Written sign or symbol
  • verb
  • To put a dirty spot or line on something
  • To give a grade for homework
  • To indicate something with a sign or symbol
  • To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
  • (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
  • To write or draw a line on something

manage

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US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
  • To run or operate a business by directing others

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

conserve

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US / kənˈsɜ:v /

UK / kənˈsɜ:rv /

B1
  • verb
  • To save or protect something
  • To keep or put in reserve
  • To hold back and use less energy, retain

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

foot

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US / fʊt /

UK / fʊt /

A1
  • noun
  • Base of something such as a mountain or vase
  • Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
  • Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

suffer

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US / 'sʌfə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To experience pain, illness, or injury

clear

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US / klɪə(r) /

UK / klɪr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Empty; without anything in it or on it
  • Being certain and without doubt
  • Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
  • Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely; through the whole of
  • Away from; free from
  • verb
  • To recover from or remove a problem
  • To get rid of the entire contents of
  • To give permission for something to happen
  • To make a place or surface empty by removing
  • To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

indicate

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US / ˈɪndɪkeɪt /

UK / ˈɪndɪˌket /

A2
  • verb
  • To show something; direct attention to; point out
  • To represent something using a symbol or sign

southern

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US / ˈsʌðən /

UK / ˈsʌðərn /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a region in the south
  • Being in or toward the south

trunk

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US / trʌŋk /

UK / trʌŋk /

B2
  • noun
  • Long nose of an elephant
  • Trunks shorts worn for swimming
  • Strong box/chest/container, as for traveling
  • Main thick and woody stem of a tree

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

coast

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US / kəʊst /

UK / kost /

A2
  • noun
  • Land near the sea or ocean
  • verb
  • To progress in something without trying hard
  • (Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

sixty

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US / 'sɪkstɪ /

UK / ˈsɪksti /

A1
  • number
  • 60

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

western

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US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

dark

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US / dɑ:k /

UK / dɑrk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of a color that is not light
  • Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
  • Having little or no light; not light in color
  • noun
  • The time of day when the sky is black

group

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US / ɡru:p /

UK / ɡrup /

A1
  • noun
  • Two or more musicians who play music together
  • Number of people or things gathered together
  • verb
  • To combine or collect objects or people together

hundred

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US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

model

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US / ˈmɒdl /

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being an excellent example of
  • noun
  • Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
  • A small scale copy of a full original
  • verb
  • To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
  • To make a small scale copy of a full original

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

awaken

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US / əˈweɪkən /

UK / əˈwekən /

A2
  • verb
  • To make aware of (a certain feeling or memory)
  • To wake from sleep; wake someone from sleep

connectedness

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US / kə'nektɪdnəs /

UK / kə'nektɪdnəs /

B2
  • noun
  • Degree to which things are related, connected

community

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US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people who share a common idea or area

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

smoke

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US / sməʊk /

UK / smoʊk /

B1
  • noun
  • Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
  • Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
  • verb
  • To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
  • To add a taste to food by putting it near a fire
  • To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

freedom

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US / 'fri:dəm /

UK / ˈfridəm /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being free, not being controlled

bushland

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US / ˈbʊʃˌlænd /

UK / ˈbʊʃˌlænd /

C2
  • noun
  • Land (in Australia, NZ etc.) outside a city
  • Subtitles section
  • I'd like to acknowledge and pay my respect to the Anishinaabe Nation and its Council of Three Fires, the Ottawa, the Chippewa, and the Potawatomi peoples.
  • I am grateful to be here on your sacred ancestral lands.
  • Do you see fire as friend or foe?
  • In Australia, we have a growing issue around fire that challenges us every fire season.
  • And because of our changing climate, there are now other places in the world that are confronted with this same challenge.
  • My story is about my personal and cultural relationship with fire.
  • It has been a lifelong relationship
  • And as a Mangara Balurong Nyungar, a person from the southwest corner of Australia, I acknowledge fire not only as a friend, but as a part of my being and my spirit.
  • However, I have also seen firsthand how big a threat fire is.
  • During the black summer of the year of the year, the east coast of Australia burned like never before, and the whole world saw.
  • The smoke that was huge drifted across the southern Pacific Ocean all the way to Chile and Argentina.
  • And there were glaciers in New Zealand that turned brown from that same smoke.
  • Paradoxically, Australia needs fire.
  • My people applied the right fire diligently and expertly for millennia.
  • It shaped the evolution and the DNA of the landscape and of nature itself.
  • The elder in this shot gently reached down and lit the grass and the ground that we were standing on.
  • As the fire slowly trickled, he said to us, go and stand near a tree and observe what you see.
  • What we saw was amazing.
  • There were all these various insects and critters clambering up the tree trunk.
  • escaping the slow moving fire.
  • The elder then said to us, this is the best indication that our burn is the right fire.
  • Fire has a sacredness when it is applied through our cultural law.
  • What manifests during the cultural burning is a spiritual enlivening of nature.
  • where country is renewed and the spirit of the land is awakened.
  • Kalngaring is our sacred practice of burning country.
  • Country, or ancestral lands, in my language, is Budja.
  • This is me applying Kalngaring on my sacred lands, Nyungar Budja.
  • Nyungar Budja is two hundred thousand square kilometers in size.
  • This map shows the fourteen language groups of my people, the Nyungar Nation.
  • My language group is Ballina.
  • Buja gives my people identity, connectedness and spirit.
  • This is Aboriginal Australia.
  • At the time of first contact, there were over eight hundred First Nations language groups and two hundred and fifty distinctly Indigenous nations.
  • Pre colonization and for sixty five thousand years, our lands were managed by cycles of creation through our first law ways.
  • However, since seventeen eighty eight, Bhoja has been suffering from the introduced destructive cycles of colonialism, developmentalism, capitalism and industrialization.
  • These have all contributed
  • significantly to climate change on my Buja.
  • Part of my relationship with fire included me having an eighteen year long career as a professional firefighter in Perth.
  • It is here that I learned a deep respect for the destructive force of fire and its awesome power.
  • Since fire was considered our enemy, as fireys, we were trained to control it.
  • So we learned about fire behavior and fire management.
  • I would have attended over two thousand bushfires, many of which resulted from controlled burns, getting out of control and becoming wildfires.
  • As a professional firefighter, I learned that our mission is to protect property and save life.
  • But as First Nations and traditional custodians of our lands, our two key principles
  • for applying the right fire is to put Bhoja first and to keep nature balanced.
  • We cannot keep countries safe by burning everything indiscriminately to the ground.
  • The ground is sacred, and we must protect and preserve it.
  • This is the result of a controlled or prescribed burn.
  • It was carried out by DBCA, an agency in Western Australia that manages parks and wildlife.
  • This type of burning occurs when incendiary devices are dropped from aircraft in order to take out as much bushland as possible in the shortest amount of time.
  • This burning is destructive to nature and to Buddha.
  • The burn marks on this Jara tree, one of our very sacred species, is ten foot high.
  • This is not consistent
  • with our cultural law and standards for applying fire.
  • The dark charring indicate the intensity of the heat and the height of the flames.
  • You can see that this landscape is devastated from this controlled burn.
  • I remember a Nyungar elder in my community once very angrily referred to this type of burning and the people that carry it out as legal arsonists.
  • Right across Australia and in many parts of the world, the very real impact of climate change and wildfires are destroying nature in many ways.
  • We must today provide care for Mother Earth like never before.
  • As Yunga people, our fight to stay connected to our sacred lands is dependent on our ability and freedom to practice Ka Wurri.
  • Kalungaring requires us to be able to read country.
  • Keeping Buddha healthy keeps us healthy.
  • This is Kalungaring, the right fire, as it is applied in Queensland, northern Australia.
  • This is what a healthy, clean burn looks like.
  • When we burn the right way, we know country will regenerate in balance.
  • The balanced health is dependent on how and when fire is applied.
  • Remember the right fire,
  • at the right time in the right place.
  • Cultural burns are different across differing ecological regions.
  • This is a cool burn in Victoria in southeastern Australia.
  • The principles of how, why and when to burn remain consistent across all regions and amongst all First Nations groups.
  • Fire is medicine for country.
  • It heals the land and it cleanses it,
  • and it renews the spirit of Bhoja.
  • In the year of the Buddha, my family took possession of twenty one hundred acres in our ancestral lands in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.
  • This country had been badly over cleared, over grazed, over fertilized, and over cropped.
  • Our vision, which we saw as our responsibility, was to heal this land.
  • So we set out to plant native endemic species of plants, which in turn attracted all sorts of other native birds, animals, flowers, and grasses to also return.
  • My brothers and I and our children have been practicing kawaring on this buja now for fifteen years.
  • This is the same photo seven years later.
  • Today, the trees in the foreground are so large, they restrict the view of this landscape.
  • The right fire at the right time is very good for our environment.
  • It's very good for Buja, and it's very good for us.
  • This is it today.
  • A big part of what helped us achieve our goal, our patient ambition, was the application of kaal ngaring across our landscape.
  • Kaal ngaring is an important element of our First Nations regenerative land management model.
  • This regenerative land management model is a contemporary version of our traditional practice of caring for country.
  • Seeing country in a holistic sense and understanding how it is a part of us, and we are a part of it, is important in the practice of caring for country.
  • Fire management in Australia is critical to the biodiverse and ecological health of our land.
  • When ecological health is poor or non existent, biodiversity and spirit is also poor or non existent.
  • Therefore, to heal the spirit of our lands, we must protect, conserve and regenerate the biodiversity and ecology of Bhuja everywhere.
  • Fire can be either a very important ally or a massively destructive threat.
  • if we don't commit to manage and apply the right fire at the right time in the right place.
  • Thank you.