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Has the war in Ukraine changed Russia? - BBC News

Video vocabulary

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

communist

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US / ˈkɒmjənɪst /

UK / ˈkɑmjənɪst /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Believer in communism

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

mobilize

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US / 'məʊbəlaɪz /

UK / ˈmobəˌlaɪz /

B2
  • verb
  • To come together for an action or purpose

nuclear

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US / ˈnju:kliə(r) /

UK / ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or involving the center of an atom

special

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US / 'speʃl /

UK / ˈspɛʃəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being additional or extra
  • Different, better or greater than normal
  • noun
  • Heavily discounted sales item

send

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US / send /

UK / sɛnd /

A1
  • verb
  • To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
  • To cause mail or packages to go to another place
  • To move something quickly in a particular way
  • To give information or greetings to someone

operation

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US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Business or company, or its activities
  • Functioning; use
  • Medical procedure involving surgery

militarization

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US / ˌʌp'stændɪŋ /

UK / ʌpˈstændɪŋ, ˈʌpˌstan- /

A1

constant

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US / 'kɒnstənt /

UK / ˈkɑnstənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening frequently or without pause
  • noun
  • Thing that happens always or at a regular rate

border

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US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer part or edge of something
  • Line separating one country, state from another
  • verb
  • To be right next to another country or state
  • To form the edge of something
  • To form the edge of (road, etc.)

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

reminder

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US / rɪˈmaɪndə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmaɪndər /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that causes one to remember something

puppet

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US / ˈpʌpɪt /

UK / ˈpʌpɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Person or group that is controlled by another
  • Doll that is moved by strings or your hands

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

consequence

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US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Importance of a person or thing
  • Outcome of an event; result

defend

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US / dɪ'fend /

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

B1
  • verb
  • To protect and explain your position in court
  • To protect against an attack
  • To try to prevent another team from scoring

ten

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US / ten /

UK / tɛn /

A1
  • number
  • 10

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

brand

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US / brænd /

UK / brænd /

A2
  • noun
  • A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
  • Product made or designed by a named company
  • verb
  • To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
  • To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
  • To give a famous name to a product or service

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

foremost

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US / 'fɔ:məʊst /

UK / ˈfɔrˌmost,ˈfor- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the best or most important

invasion

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US / ɪnˈveɪʒn /

UK / ɪnˈveʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • Entry into a place to cause harm

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

invade

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US / ɪnˈveɪd /

UK / ɪnˈved /

B1
  • verb
  • To enter something causing a harmful result

industry

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US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard work; being busy working
  • Factories or businesses that make certain products

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

society

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US / sə'saɪətɪ /

UK / səˈsaɪɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • A group who meet to share values or interests
  • Group of people living together
  • Upper class of a community

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

nato

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US / ˈneɪtəʊ /

UK / ˈneɪtoʊ /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • NATO is an acronym

encourage

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US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

A2
  • verb
  • To increase the chance of something happening
  • To make someone more determined or confident

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

mixture

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US / ˈmɪkstʃə(r) /

UK / ˈmɪkstʃɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Something made by combining two or more things

lived

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US / 'lɪvd /

UK / 'lɪvd /

A1
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

territory

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US / 'terətrɪ /

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

B1
  • noun
  • Area of land defended by an animal
  • Area of particular knowledge or experience
  • Area owned or controlled by a government, person
  • Area of land with a specific defining feature

military

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US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the army or navy
  • noun
  • Army or armed forces

strange

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US / streɪndʒ /

UK / strendʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

russia

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US / 'rʌʃə /

UK / 'rʌʃə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A country in northern Asia and eastern Europe; population 143,500,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Mos

everyone

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US / ˈevriwʌn /

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everybody

america

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US / ə'merɪkə /

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

A1
  • noun
  • The United States of America; North America and/or South America

economy

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US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

A1
  • noun
  • Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

army

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US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

UK / ˈɑrmi /

A2
  • noun
  • Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

ourselves

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US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

A2
  • pronoun
  • (Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

draft

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US / drɑ:ft /

UK / dræft /

B1
  • noun
  • Withdrawal of money from the bank
  • System for selecting people to join the military
  • Method of selecting players for sports teams
  • Cold wind coming through a door or window
  • First attempt at a piece of writing
  • verb
  • To order people to join the army in time of war
  • To select people for a task or team
  • To write something that will be edited later

bus

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US / bʌs /

UK / bʌs /

A1
  • noun
  • A large road vehicle used for carrying many people
  • verb
  • To move people by coach or bus

reality

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US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

UK / riˈælɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

uncertainty

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US / ʌn'sɜ:tntɪ /

UK / ʌnˈsə:tn:ti /

B2
  • noun
  • Feeling of not really knowing what will happen

normal

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US / 'nɔ:ml /

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • Having standard mental or physical ability, health

market

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US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Need or demand for a particular product or service
  • Area or region where a certain product is sold
  • Public event where people sell goods on tables
  • Institution where stocks are bought and sold
  • verb
  • To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

gun

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US / ɡʌn /

UK / ɡʌn /

A2
  • noun
  • Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
  • verb
  • To suddenly make an engine run faster

clown

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US / klaʊn /

UK / klaʊn /

B2
  • noun
  • Performer in funny clothes who makes people laugh
  • verb
  • To play jokes or tricks

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

friend

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US / frend /

UK / frɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who you like and enjoy being with

war

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US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

peaceful

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US / ˈpi:sfl /

UK / ˈpisfəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • In a calm and quiet state
  • Being unlikely or unwilling to act violently

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

russian

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US / ˈrʌʃn /

UK / ˈrʌʃn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Russia
  • noun
  • Person from Russia

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

shop

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US / ʃɒp /

UK / ʃɑ:p /

A1
  • noun
  • Place to learn how to fix or make things; class
  • Place where things are fixed or repaired, e.g. cars
  • Place which sells things
  • verb
  • To look for or buy goods or services

happy

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US / ˈhæpi /

UK / ˈhæpi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

eve

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US / i:v /

UK / i:v /

B1
  • noun
  • The time just before something happens
  • Day before a significant or special day
  • (Poetic) evening; early part of the night
  • Person's name

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

nazi

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US / ˈnɑ:tsi /

UK / ˈnɑtsi, ˈnæt- /

A1
  • noun
  • Relating to or consistent with or typical of the ideology and practice of Nazism or the Nazis

citizen

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US / 'sɪtɪzn /

UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who belongs to and has rights in a country

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

alternative

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US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • A different choice
  • noun
  • Something different you can choose

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

wish

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US / wɪʃ /

UK / wɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Expression of a hope for something in the future
  • verb
  • To want something to happen or to become true

although

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US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

UK / ɔlˈðo /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Despite the fact that; however

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

decoration

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US / ˌdekəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌdɛkəˈreʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Making something more attractive or beautiful
  • Act of awarding a medal to someone

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

stability

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US / stəˈbɪləti /

UK / stəˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Quality or state of being even or consistent

oppression

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US / ə'preʃn /

UK / əˈprɛʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Treatment of people to limit their freedom

fight

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US / faɪt /

UK / faɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • An argument or quarrel
  • Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
  • A struggle to do a difficult task
  • verb
  • To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • To try to hurt someone by hitting them
  • To struggle to do a difficult task

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

sanction

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US / 'sæŋkʃn /

UK / ˈsæŋkʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Official support or approval
  • Action taken to force a country to obey laws
  • verb
  • To allow or approve something

family

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US / 'fæməlɪ /

UK / ˈfæmli /

A1
  • noun
  • Close group of people or organizations
  • A group of people who are related through blood
  • Group of related plants or animals

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

patriotism

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US / ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm /

UK / ˈpetriəˌtɪzəm /

C2
  • noun
  • Love of your country and willingness to defend it

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

witness

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US / 'wɪtnəs /

UK / ˈwɪtnɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who was present to see an event take place
  • Evidence or proof of something
  • verb
  • To see the signing of an official document
  • To see an event take place (usually a crime)
  • To serve as an example or evidence of something

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

independent

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US / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
  • noun
  • A person not connected to a political party

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

ukraine

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US / ju:'kreɪn /

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

A1
  • other
  • A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

disappear

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US / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r) /

UK / ˌdɪsəˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To no longer see because it's not there any more

despite

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US / dɪˈspaɪt /

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

A2
  • preposition
  • Without being affected by something; in spite of

virtually

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US / ˈvɜ:tʃuəli /

UK / ˈvɚtʃuəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an almost complete or entire manner

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

western

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US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

holiday

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US / ˈhɒlədeɪ /

UK / ˈhɑ:lədeɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Day when people don't go to work or school
  • A day for a culture to celebrate; festival day
  • Time of year when people go somewhere for fun/rest

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

month

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US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

hundred

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US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

accord

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US / ə'kɔ:d /

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Agreement or harmony
  • An agreement or treaty between countries
  • verb
  • To be in harmony or agreement; consent
  • To give (someone) the respect due to them

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

foot

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US / fʊt /

UK / fʊt /

A1
  • noun
  • Base of something such as a mountain or vase
  • Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
  • Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

full

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US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The war in Ukraine has had a significant impact on Russia, fundamentally changing the country in many ways. As someone who has experienced the transformation of communist Russia to independent Russia, I can say that the current state of Russia, particularly in the areas affected by the war, is vastly different. It is a strange mixture of normalcy and constant reminders of the Russian invasion and events in Ukraine.While not everyone in Russia supports the war in Ukraine, there is a significant portion of the population that buys into the Kremlin's alternative reality. According to this narrative, Russia is fighting against Nazis and NATO in Ukraine, in defense of Russia itself. The belief that this is a war between Russia and the United States is prevalent among many Russians, with some pointing to individuals they consider puppets, such as Ukrainian President Zelensky, as evidence of American influence. The presence of guns and NATO forces on the border only reinforces the need for Russia to protect itself, even though the Russian people consider themselves peaceful.The war effort has had far-reaching consequences for Russia. Hundreds of thousands of Russian citizens have been drafted into the army and sent to Ukraine. The economy and industry have shifted gears to support the war, operating in a war footing. This is evident even in the mobilization of New Year decorations for the special military operation, aimed at instilling a sense of patriotism.Despite facing Western sanctions, the shops in Russia remain relatively full due to the upcoming New Year holidays. However, many international brands have disappeared from the shelves as companies have left the Russian market. It is a stark contrast to the previous year when people were wishing for a happy and peaceful New Year. The war in Ukraine has undoubtedly had a profound impact on Russia, both politically and economically, and it continues to shape the country and its people.
  • Subtitles section
  • Well, I witnessed the end of communist Russia, and I lived for many years in independent Russia.
  • But for the last ten months or so, I've been living in special military operation Russia.
  • And this Russia feels very different.
  • I mean, it's a strange mixture really.
  • There are some things which feel normal, but Then there are daily reminders, almost constant reminders of the Russian invasion and of events in Ukraine.
  • Not everyone here supports the war in Ukraine, but many Russians do buy into the Kremlin's alternative reality, according to which, in Ukraine, Russia is fighting Nazis and NATO and fighting to defend Russia.
  • Do you really not understand that this is a war between Russia and the United States of America on the territory of Ukraine?
  • Why do you think that this is a war with America?
  • Well, because, well, you can see that there are puppets sitting there.
  • Well, who is this Zelensky, the clown?
  • When the guns were placed on the border, yes, or there, as their nuclear, or there, what is it, NATO at the border with Russia.
  • Of course, we have to protect ourselves, right?
  • Although we are peaceful people.
  • Hundreds Of thousands of Russian citizens have been drafted into the army and sent to Ukraine.
  • The economy and industry here have virtually been put on a war footing.
  • And now even the New Year decorations are being mobilised for the special military operation and to encourage a sense of patriotism.
  • New Year's Eve So ahead of the New Year holidays, the shops here are still pretty full, despite Western sanctions, although a lot of the international brands that used to be on the shelves have disappeared because those companies have left the Russian market.
  • New Year's Eve You know, this time last year, I was wishing friends and family a happy, peaceful New Year.
  • That worked out well, didn't it?
  • What Russia did this year, invading Ukraine, has had devastating consequences.
  • First and foremost for Ukraine, of course, but also for this country.
  • OK, the buses are still running, the shops are still working, Russia is still functioning.
  • But stability is gone.
  • And what we're witnessing is the militarisation of Russian society.
  • More aggression, more oppression and more uncertainty about Russia's future.