News Wrap: Indonesia earthquake kills at least 162 people
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
lesson
US / 'lesn /
•UK / ˈlɛsən /
- noun
- Something done to learn or teach something; class
- Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience
down
US / daʊn /
•UK / daʊn /
- adjecitve
- Being sad, sick, or unhappy
- Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
- adverb
- In a sitting or lying position
- Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
- Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
- noun
- A period of play in American Football
- The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
- preposition
- Along something's path, course, or direction
- Going from a higher position to a lower position
- verb
- To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping
refuse
US / rɪ'fju:z /
•UK / ˈrefjus /
- noun
- Garbage, waste
- verb
- To not accept, allow, or give something
right
US / raɪt /
•UK / raɪt /
- adjecitve
- Correct or true
- The south side of you looking at the rising sun
- adverb
- Exactly in a place or time
- Being appropriate for a particular event
- In a straight or direct manner
- noun
- Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
- Ideal of what is just and good
- Political view based on conservatism
- verb
- To fix something previously wrong or unjust
- To make upright, as a boat that has turned over
winter
US / ˈwɪntə(r) /
•UK / ˈwɪntɚ /
- adjecitve
- (Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
- noun
- Time or season of idleness or decay
- Coldest season of the year
- verb
- To spend the cold months at a certain place
people
US / 'pi:pl /
•UK / ˈpipəl /
- noun
- Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
- Men, Women, Children
house
US / haʊs /
•UK / haʊs /
- noun
- Place where a specific activity or business occurs
- Building in which a family, person lives
- verb
- To give someone a place to live
- To contain or store something
crush
US / krʌʃ /
•UK / krʌʃ /
- noun
- Strong attraction to someone
- verb
- To break something into small pieces by pressing
- To defeat someone or something (in a game)
- To damage something by flattening it
- To cause someone to feel humiliated
require
US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /
•UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /
- verb
- To demand that someone does something
- To need to do something, to make it necessary
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
shut
US / ʃʌt /
•UK / ʃʌt /
- verb
- To stop being open for business
- To close something, e.g. a door
criticize
US / ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz /
•UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz /
- verb
- To assess the work of others
- To say that someone or something is bad
iranian
US / ɪ'reɪnɪən /
•UK / ɪˈreniən, ɪˈrɑ-, aɪˈre- /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of Iran
- noun
- Person from Iran
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
armband
US / ˈɑ:mbænd /
•UK / ˈɑ:rmbænd /
- noun
- Band around the upper arm (sign of rank, etc.)
least
US / li:st /
•UK / list /
- adverb
- In the smallest or lowest way
- noun
- Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree
astronaut
US / ˈæstrənɔ:t /
•UK / ˈæstrəˌnɔt /
- noun
- Person who travels in space
ukraine
US / ju:'kreɪn /
•UK / ju:'kreɪn /
- other
- A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st
week
US / wi:k /
•UK / wik /
- noun
- Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday
sing
US / sɪŋ /
•UK / sɪŋ /
- verb
- To make musical sounds with your voice
boundary
US / 'baʊndrɪ /
•UK / ˈbaʊndəri, -dri /
- noun
- A division or border to separate two areas
political
US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /
•UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Being active or interested in government matters
- Diplomatic
- Of the system of elections and government
- Concerning government or public affairs
- Involved in getting of power/influence in a group
biden
US / baɪd /
•UK / baɪd /
president
US / ˈprezɪdənt /
•UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /
- noun
- Person in charge of a country, or organization
restaurant
US / 'restrɒnt /
•UK / ˈrɛstərənt, -təˌrɑnt /
- noun
- Place where you can order, buy and eat a meal
beneath
US / bɪ'ni:θ /
•UK / bɪˈniθ /
- preposition
- Not worthy of you; not good enough for you
- Under; In or to a lower position; below
get
US / ɡet /
•UK / ɡɛt /
- verb
- To become affected by illness or disease
- To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
- To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
- To go somewhere to obtain something
- To (cause to) do a particular thing
- To obtain, receive or be given something
- To currently have
- To prepare for use
- To understand something being said or read
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
dead
US / ded /
•UK / dɛd /
- adjecitve
- Not alive
- Being bored or not interested
- Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
- Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
- adverb
- Completely; absolutely
include
US / ɪnˈklu:d /
•UK / ɪnˈklud /
- verb
- To make someone, something part of a group
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
city
US / 'sɪtɪ /
•UK / ˈsɪti /
- noun
- Area with many buildings, roads and people
lgbtq
US / ˌel dʒiː ˌbiː tiː ˈkjuː /
•UK / ˌel dʒiː ˌbiː tiː ˈkjuː /
- abbreviation
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (or questioning).
injure
US / ˈɪndʒə(r) /
•UK / ˈɪndʒɚ /
- verb
- To do (usually physical) harm or damage to
intend
US / ɪnˈtend /
•UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /
- verb
- To plan or want to do something
fan
US / fæn /
•UK / fæn /
- noun
- Thing you wave in front of your face to stay cool
- Someone who admires a famous person, sport etc.
- verb
- To blow air upon a fire to make it stronger
- To use a device to cool yourself, something
announcer
US / əˈnaʊnsə(r) /
•UK / əˈnaʊnsɚ /
- noun
- Person making statements in public or on TV
water
US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /
•UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /
- noun
- Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
- Large area such as an ocean or sea
- verb
- (Of the eyes) to produce tears
- (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
- To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive
racism
US / ˈreɪsɪzəm /
•UK / ˈreˌsɪzəm /
- noun
- Belief that people of other races are bad/inferior
field
US / fi:ld /
•UK / fild /
- noun
- Area of study, such as physics or biology
- Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
- Open area of land, especially without buildings
- Grassed area where you play some sports
- verb
- To respond to something or answer a question
- To catch or stop a ball during a game
frantic
US / 'fræntɪk /
•UK / ˈfræntɪk /
- adjecitve
- Frenzied; wild with excitement, worry etc.
subject
US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /
•UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /
- noun
- Citizen of an area or country
- The person or thing that does the action of a verb
- People who take part in experiments or tests
- An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
- What a book, article etc. is about; theme
- verb
- To cause to suffer or experience something
disturb
US / dɪˈstɜ:b /
•UK / dɪˈstɜ:rb /
- other
- To cause someone anxiety or fear
- verb
- To cause someone anxiety or fear
- To stop someone from working or sleeping
face
US / feɪs /
•UK / fes /
- noun
- Side or outer surface of something
- An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
- Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
- Characteristics you show in public
- verb
- To cover a surface with something like paint
- To deal with a problem or responsibilities
- To look toward; point in a certain direction
jakarta
US / dʒəˈkɑ:tə /
•UK / dʒəˈkɑrtə /
- proper noun
- The capital of Indonesia, in northwestern Java; population 9,125,000 (est. 2009).
yang
US / jæŋ /
•UK / jæŋ /
- other
- Bright positive masculine principle in Chinese dualistic cosmology
street
US / stri:t /
•UK / strit /
- noun
- Road in a city with buildings and places to walk
controversy
US / 'kɒntrəvɜ:sɪ /
•UK / ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi /
- noun
- Strong public disagreement about something
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
trap
US / træp /
•UK / træp /
- noun
- Device used for catching animals
- Vehicle pulled by a single horse
- Area or hazard on a golf course
- Someone's mouth
- Uncomfortable event that is hard to escape
- verb
- To use a device to catch animals or people
- To hold, e.g. a nerve, so that it cannot move
- To catch or prevent someone from escaping
- To trick someone
- To put into a situation you can't escape from
begin
US / bɪ'ɡɪn /
•UK / ˈbeɡɪn /
- verb
- To do the first part of an action; to start
jones
US / dʒəunz /
•UK / dʒonz /
- intransitive verb
- Have a fixation on; be addicted to.
- noun
- A fixation on or compulsive desire for someone or something, typically a drug; an addiction.
report
US / rɪ'pɔ:t /
•UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /
- noun
- Account of the necessary facts and information
- The telling of news in the media
- Official statement about something
- verb
- To submit a report or bill to the government
- To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
- To state something officially
- To officially present yourself to an authority
- To describe something by telling it to others
unbearable
US / ʌnˈbeərəbl /
•UK / ʌnˈbɛrəbəl /
- adjecitve
- Not able to be accepted or tolerated
industrial
US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /
•UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /
- adjecitve
- Concerning making things in factories
kill
US / kɪl /
•UK / kɪl /
- noun
- Animal killed by a person or other animal
- verb
- To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
- To end the life of a person or other living thing
- To be very funny
- To prevent something from continuing or operating
- To do something unimportant to pass time quickly
system
US / 'sɪstəm /
•UK / ˈsɪstəm /
- adjecitve
- Working in an organized, logical way
- noun
- Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
test
US / test /
•UK / test /
- noun
- A medical examination
- Action to establish the truth or nature of
- Examination; questions to measure knowledge
- verb
- To be given a medical examination
- To try to establish the truth or nature of
- To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge
set
US / set /
•UK / sɛt /
- adjecitve
- Prepared for something; ready
- noun
- Complete group of something
- Place where a television show or movie is filmed
- Group of games in a tennis match
- Device that receives radio or television signals
- verb
- To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
- To decide upon or choose something
- To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
- To decide on a price for something
- To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
- To be located in a specific place or time
- To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
- To put someone in a certain condition or state
- (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon
head
US / hed /
•UK / hɛd /
- noun
- Counter for the number of cattle
- Natural mental ability or intelligence
- Leader or person with the greatest authority
- Mind; mental ability; mental state
- Side of a coin with a head on it
- Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
- Starting point of something, e.g. a river
- verb
- To hit a ball with your head in a game
- To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
- To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
- To become the leader of something
- To lead or be responsible for something
much
US / mʌtʃ /
•UK / mʌtʃ /
- adjecitve
- Very; to a high level or degree
- adverb
- A lot; large amount; a high degree of
- Nearly; basically
- On many occasions; often
- noun
- A large amount; a great quantity
populate
US / 'pɒpjʊleɪt /
•UK / ˈpɑpjəˌlet /
- verb
- To live in a particular area, as a group
player
US / ˈpleɪə(r) /
•UK / ˈpleɚ /
- noun
- Machine that plays recorded material
- Person who plays a musical instrument
- Person who plays games on devices
- Person who plays sports
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
news
US / nju:z /
•UK / nu:z /
- noun
- Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
- Information about recent events
home
US / həʊm /
•UK / hom /
- adjecitve
- A sports team's own field or place of play
- adverb
- Into the correct or intended position
- noun
- House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
- Institution for sick or elderly people
- Place where a person or a family lives
- Country where a person lives or was born
- Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
- verb
- To move towards a particular target location
lockdown
US / ˈlɒkdaʊn /
•UK / ˈlɑ:kdaʊn /
- noun
- Confining prisoners to their cells after a riot
gavin
US / ˈgævl /
•UK / ˈɡævəl /
protest
US / 'prəʊtest /
•UK / ˈproʊtɛst /
- noun
- Forceful argument against something
- Objection to something
- verb
- To argue against something in a forceful way
- To express a strong objection or dislike
send
US / send /
•UK / sɛnd /
- verb
- To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
- To cause mail or packages to go to another place
- To move something quickly in a particular way
- To give information or greetings to someone
russian
US / ˈrʌʃn /
•UK / ˈrʌʃn /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of Russia
- noun
- Person from Russia
tradition
US / trəˈdɪʃn /
•UK / trəˈdɪʃən /
- noun
- An event, custom or way common to a people or race
- Way of thinking or behaving used for a long time
live
US / lɪv /
•UK / liv /
- adjecitve
- Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
- Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
- Glowing because burning; hot
- Not yet killed (for food)
- adverb
- (Music, drama) as it is performed
- verb
- To be alive
- To experience a particular type of life
- To make your home in a house or town
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
schoolchild
US / ˈskuːltʃaɪld /
•UK / ˈskuːltʃaɪld /
- noun
- Young person attending school
than
US / ðən /
•UK / ðən /
- conjunction
- Used to compare two things that are not equal
citizen
US / 'sɪtɪzn /
•UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /
- noun
- Person who belongs to and has rights in a country
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
across
US / əˈkrɔs /
•UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /
- adverb
- Distance from one side to another
- (Go) from one side to the other of something
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
parent
US / 'peərənt /
•UK / ˈpɛrənt, ˈpær- /
- noun
- Person's, animal's mother or father
- Something creating other things of the same kind
order
US / 'ɔ:də(r) /
•UK / ˈɔrdɚ /
- noun
- Religious or social group, as of nuns
- Instructions to others to do what you want
- State in which things are neat and organized
- What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
- Social or political control of an area
- verb
- To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
- To give instructions to others to do what you want
- To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal
play
US / pleɪ /
•UK / pleɪ /
- noun
- Loose, free movement between two objects
- Single action in a sports game
- Performance in which people act in a theater
- verb
- To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
- To perform music on an instrument
- To use a device, e.g. a video game
- To do something for enjoyment and fun
- To do or perform a game or sport
also
US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /
•UK / ˈɔlso /
- adverb
- In addition; too; in a similar way
school
US / sku:l /
•UK / skul /
- adjecitve
- Being to do with schools and education
- noun
- Large group of fish that swim together
- Education of a child
- Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
- A particular belief or idea about something
- verb
- To teach or train someone to know or do something
stand
US / stænd /
•UK / stænd /
- noun
- Effort to fight against something
- Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
- Place in a stadium where spectators watch
- Table where things are sold at a fair or market
- verb
- To be a candidate in an election
- To be able to accept someone, something; bear
- To last for a long time
- To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
- To place something in a particular position; place
- To be (as stated)
- To still be valid
- To have an opinion about something
woman
US / ˈwʊmən /
•UK / ˈwʊmən /
- noun
- Adult female human being
man
US / mæn /
•UK / mæn /
- noun
- Humans in general, including male and female
- An adult male human being
- Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
- verb
- To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
- To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)
message
US / 'mesɪdʒ /
•UK / ˈmɛsɪdʒ /
- noun
- Main idea or theme in a story, book, or film
- Piece of information that is told/given to someone
- verb
- To communicate using text
wall
US / wɔ:l /
•UK / wɔl /
- noun
- High, flat side of a room or building
program
US / 'prəʊɡræm /
•UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /
- noun
- Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
- A plan or schedule of events
- Series of classes at a college or university
- A computer application
- TV show
- verb
- To make someone act or think in a certain way
- To write computer code for a piece of software
into
US / 'ɪntə /
•UK / ˈɪntu /
- preposition
- Moving or going inside something
- In the same direction as; in the direction of
- So as to become; taking the state of
outside
US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /
•UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /
- adverb
- Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
- noun
- Area around or near something, such as a building
- preposition
- Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
crackdown
US / ˈkrækdaʊn /
•UK / ˈkrækˌdaʊn /
- noun
- Increased effort to enforce the law or a rule
john
US / dʒɔn /
•UK / dʒɑn /
- noun
- A toilet.
- A prostitute's client.
- proper noun
- (1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
- The name of six kings of Portugal.
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
newly
US / ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:- /
•UK / ˈnuli, ˈnju- /
- adverb
- Very recently; just done or made
half
US / hɑ:f /
•UK / hæf, hɑf /
- adjecitve
- Not complete
- adverb
- Partly; somewhat
- noun
- One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
- The part you get when one is divided into two;
year
US / jə: /
•UK / jɪr /
- noun
- Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
- Used to refer to the age of a person
average
US / 'ævərɪdʒ /
•UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /
- adjecitve
- Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
- noun
- Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- verb
- To add numbers then divide by the number of items
power
US / 'paʊə(r) /
•UK / ˈpaʊɚ /
- noun
- Legal or official right to perform certain actions
- Ability to move forcefully and quickly
- Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
- Mathematical way to multiply a number
- Condition of being in political control
- Physical force, energy, and strength
- verb
- To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
- To move something forcefully and quickly
weekend
US / ˌwi:kˈend /
•UK / ˈwi:kend /
- noun
- Saturday and Sunday, after the normal working week
java
US / ˈdʒɑːvə /
•UK / ˈdʒɑːvə /
- noun
- A platform-independent object-oriented programming language
- other
- An island in Indonesia to the south of Borneo; one of the world's most densely populated regions
rock
US / rɒk /
•UK / rɑk /
- noun
- Type of popular music with a strong, loud beat
- Strong, tough person who can be relied upon
- Big stone; hard, solid substance forming mountains
- verb
- To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
- To be extremely effective or pleasing
- To play, sing along with, or dance to heavy music
- To move back and forth or from side to side
earthquake
US / ˈɜ:θkweɪk /
•UK / ˈɜ:rθkweɪk /
- noun
- Heavy shaking of the ground due to natural forces
apologize
US / ə'pɒlədʒaɪz /
•UK / əˈpɑləˌdʒaɪz /
- verb
- To say sorry because of a mistake or injury
fear
US / fɪə(r) /
•UK / fɪr /
- noun
- Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
- verb
- To be afraid of or nervous about something
tie
US / taɪ /
•UK / taɪ /
- noun
- Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
- Strong connection between people, countries
- When both sides in a game, vote get same score
- One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
- Something that lessens a person's freedom
- Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
- Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
- verb
- To attach things (together) with a string or rope
- To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
- To require someone to be in a specific place
captain
US / 'kæptɪn /
•UK / ˈkæptən /
- noun
- Title of a senior officer in the military
- Person in charge of a team, a ship or an airplane
- verb
- To be in charge of a team, ship or airplane
movement
US / ˈmu:vmənt /
•UK / ˈmuvmənt /
- noun
- Part of a piece of classical music
- Group with a shared interest or goal
- Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
- Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
- Part of a piece of music
slam
US / slæm /
•UK / slæm /
- noun
- Act or sound of closing a door, etc. violently
- verb
- To criticize sharply
- To shut with a lot of force, making a loud noise
cap
US / kæp /
•UK / kæp /
- noun
- Covering for the end or top of something
- Small, soft hat often with a front visor or shade
- An upper limit on the amount of (e.g. budget)
- verb
- To cover the top or end of an object
- To limit the amount of usage of something
their
US / ðɛː /
•UK / ðer /
- determiner
- Belonging to them
milestone
US / ˈmaɪlstəʊn /
•UK / ˈmaɪlstoʊn /
- noun
- Significant event in your life (or in a project)
defense
US / dɪ'fens /
•UK / dɪˈfɛns /
- noun
- Argument in support of something
- The process of protecting something from attack
- Part of a team that prevents others from scoring
its
US / ɪts /
•UK / ɪts /
- adjecitve
- Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
- determiner
- Of something; belonging or related to something
- other
- Possessive form of “it”
building
US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /
•UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /
- noun
- A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
- verb
- To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
- To construct a house, office, factory
flatten
US / 'flætn /
•UK / ˈflætn: /
- verb
- To make level and spread out over a surface
worker
US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /
•UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /
- noun
- Person who works
topple
US / ˈtɒpl /
•UK / ˈtɑ:pl /
- verb
- To cause a government/leader to be overthrown
- To fall over from being unstable
- To (cause to) become unstable and fall, e.g. ruler
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
everything
US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /
- pronoun
- All of the things mentioned
main
US / meɪn /
•UK / men /
- adjecitve
- Most important; most often used
washington
US / 'wɒʃɪŋtən /
•UK / 'wɑ:ʃɪŋtənˌ 'wɔ:ʃɪŋ- /
- other
- A state in northwestern United States on the Pacific
way
US / weɪ /
•UK / we /
- adverb
- Used to emphasize the amount of something
- noun
- Particular aspect of something being thought about
- One of various choices that could be made
- Particular existing condition or state
- (Often long) distance or length of time
- How something is done
- Route to go to a place
- Small street
- Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone
outbreak
US / ˈaʊtbreɪk /
•UK / ˈaʊtˌbrek /
- noun
- Sudden occurrence of illness, discontent etc.
china
US / ˈtʃaɪnə /
•UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /
- noun
- A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
- other
- High quality porcelain originally made only in China
human
US / 'hju:mən /
•UK / ˈhjumən /
- adjecitve
- Concerning or characteristic of people
- noun
- A person; a man, woman or child
cup
US / kʌp /
•UK / kʌp /
- noun
- Small round container used for drinking
- Silver trophy teams compete to win
- Unit of measurement for foods or liquids
- verb
- To make the shape of a bowl with your hands
miss
US / mɪs /
•UK / mɪs /
- noun
- Action of not hitting something or someone
- Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
- verb
- To be absent
- To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
- To do without something
- To fail to see or sense something
- To fail to understand someone's message
- To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
- To feel you want to see someone who is not there
heating
US / ˈhiːtɪŋ /
•UK / ˈhiːtɪŋ /
- noun
- System that provides warmth to a house or building
- verb
- To make hot or hotter
blackout
US / 'blækaʊt /
•UK / ˈblækˌaʊt /
- noun
- When the electric power is off; outage
shockwave
US / ˈʃɑˌkweɪv /
•UK / /
- noun
- A wave of energy (e.g. after an earthquake)
stadium
US / 'steɪdɪəm /
•UK / ˈstediəm /
- noun
- Building with a sports field for watching games
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
organization
US / ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn /
•UK / ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən /
- noun
- Group of people with a particular purpose
moon
US / mu:n /
•UK / mun /
- noun
- Round object circling the Earth at night
- verb
- To expose your buttocks as a joke
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
child
US / tʃaɪld /
•UK / tʃaɪld /
- noun
- A very young person, between about 2 and 15
moral
US / ˈmɒrəl /
•UK / ˈmɔrəl, ˈmɑr- /
- adjecitve
- In a way considered proper and good by most people
- noun
- In a way considered proper and good by most people
- Lesson learned from a story or experience
opening
US / ˈəʊpnɪŋ /
•UK / ˈoʊpnɪŋ /
- noun
- Free job; job you can apply for
- Action of starting something, e.g. a new business
- verb
- To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
- To start the activities or services of a business
- To make a space or hole appear in something
- To move or change so that it is no longer closed
- To start something, e.g. a new business
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
liberate
US / 'lɪbəreɪt /
•UK / ˈlɪbəˌret /
- verb
- To free someone or something that was captured
english
US / ˈɪŋglɪʃ /
•UK / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of England
- noun
- Language of the UK, USA, Nigeria and elsewhere
- Person's name
our
US / 'aʊə(r) /
•UK / aʊr /
- determiner
- Belonging to us
dow
US / daʊ /
•UK / daʊ /
stock
US / stɒk /
•UK / stɑk /
- adjecitve
- (E.g. of a response) standard; usual; not original
- noun
- Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
- Tasty liquid added to stews, soups etc.
- Merchandise; goods kept by a business for sale
- Piece of a business, bought in the form of shares
- verb
- To keep some of, as items for sale
seven
US / ˈsevn /
•UK / ˈsɛvən /
- number
- Number 7
lined
US / laɪnd /
•UK / laɪnd /
- adjecitve
- (Used especially of skin) with lines or wrinkles
- Having material put in the inside of
- verb
- To put material along the inside of something
south
US / saʊθ /
•UK / saʊθ /
- adjecitve
- Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
- Coming from the opposite direction from north
- noun
- The direction to your right of the rising sun
uphold
US / ʌp'həʊld /
•UK / ʌpˈhold /
- verb
- To support to keep it being used as it should
- To maintain an argument in spite of opposition
business
US / ˈbɪznəs /
•UK / ˈbɪznɪs /
- noun
- A company formed for making profit
- Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
- Activity of working to make a profit
unprecedented
US / ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd /
•UK / ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd /
- adjecitve
- Not having happened before, or to such a degree
turkey
US / ˈtɜ:ki /
•UK / ˈtɜ:rki /
- noun
- Edible bird resembling a large chicken
- other
- An event that fails badly or is totally ineffectual
- Flesh of large domesticated fowl usually roasted
give
US / ɡɪv /
•UK / ɡɪv /
- noun
- Degree of flexibility in something, a material
- verb
- To hand over or present something to someone
- To cause someone to have or experience something
evacuation
US / ɪˌvækjʊ'eɪʃn /
•UK / ɪˌvækjuˈeʃən /
- noun
- Sending to a safer place because of danger
kickoff
US / 'kɪk'ɔ:f /
•UK / 'kɪkˌɔ:f /
- noun
- (Football) a kick from the center of the field to start a football game or to resume it after a scor
- other
- A start given to contestants
brutal
US / 'bru:tl /
•UK / ˈbrutl /
- adjecitve
- Extremely violent or mean
support
US / səˈpɔ:t /
•UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /
- noun
- Assistance or advice given to someone
- Evidence that helps prove something is true
- A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
- verb
- To give assistance or advice to someone
- To help prove or show that something is true
- To hold up or prevent from falling down
record
US / 'rekɔ:d /
•UK / ˈrekərd /
- noun
- Highest or most extreme level achieved
- Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
- History of a person's past actions or achievements
- verb
- To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
- To write down or say what happened
- To put music, sounds onto a device to store it
frustrating
US / frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ /
•UK / frʌˈstretɪŋ /
- adjecitve
- Annoying because things don't go the way you want
- verb
- To make annoyed because things don't go well
deal
US / di:l /
•UK / dil /
- verb
- To cope with something - usually troubles
- To give (something bad e.g. news) to
- To buy and sell illegal drugs
- To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
- To do business with someone or to sell products
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
far
US / fɑ:(r) /
•UK / fɑr /
- adjecitve
- A long way away
- Being a long way away
- adverb
- To a large degree or extent
match
US / mætʃ /
•UK / mætʃ /
- noun
- Something that is equal to or the same as another
- Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
- A sports competition between two people or teams
- Person or thing that goes well with another
- verb
- To equal or be as good as something else
- To work well or look good with something else
remark
US / rɪˈmɑ:k /
•UK / rɪˈmɑ:rk /
- noun
- Something you say as a reaction to something
- Brief formal speech or introduction
- verb
- To comment on something that you observe
back
US / bæk /
•UK / bæk /
- adjecitve
- Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
- adverb
- Have returned to a place you were before
- noun
- The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
- Location at the rear of something
- The reverse of side something
- Area on the rear of your body
- verb
- To bet money on something
- To go backwards in a car
- To support and encourage someone or some cause
where
US / hwɛə /
•UK / hwɛr, wɛr /
- conjunction
- At or in the place which
- In whatever place
- pronoun
- Word you use to ask the location of something
perhaps
US / pəˈhæps /
•UK / pɚˈhæps /
- adverb
- Possibly, but not certainly; maybe
lot
US / lɒt /
•UK / lɑt /
- noun
- What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- A group of people seen together
- Item for sale at an auction
- Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
slip
US / slɪp /
•UK / slɪp /
- noun
- A field position in cricket
- A quick escape or become free from something
- Combination of clay and water, used in pottery
- Occasion when something grows worse or drops lower
- Minor mistake
- Thin women's underwear to go under a dress
- verb
- To begin to fall as a result of losing balance
- To escape or become free from something
- To move from one state to another, usually worse
- To slide out of place or fall to the ground
- To occur or pass rapidly
- To put something in a place quietly and secretly
airstrikes
US / ˈæpl /
•UK / ˈæpəl /
- other
- Attacks on somewhere by fighting planes
issue
US / 'ɪʃu: /
•UK / ˈɪʃu /
- noun
- Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
- Single edition of a magazine
- verb
- To make something available to be used or sold
- To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
callous
US / 'kæləs /
•UK / ˈkæləs /
- adjecitve
- Hardhearted; uncaring
out
US / aʊt /
•UK / aʊt /
- adverb
- No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
- Away from home, business, or the usual place
- In a direction/movement away from inside or center
- noun
- Act when a batter cannot continue playing
- verb
- To tell people a secret
kid
US / kɪd /
•UK / kɪd /
- adjecitve
- Made from young goat skin
- noun
- Child or young person
- Young goat
- verb
- To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease
national
US / 'næʃnəl /
•UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a nation as a whole
- noun
- A person of a particular country
densely
US / denslɪ /
•UK / ˈdɛnslɪ /
- adverb
- Thickly (filled or covered)
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
region
US / 'ri:dʒən /
•UK / ˈridʒən /
- noun
- Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
anthem
US / ˈænθəm /
•UK / ˈænθəm /
- noun
- Special song that represents a nation or group
abandon
US / ə'bændən /
•UK / əˈbændən /
- noun
- Wild, carefree behavior
- verb
- To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
- To withdraw your support, or leave someone
- To stop doing or having (hope, plans); give up
- To leave a place, car and not go back
- To surrender to a desire, with little self-control
put
US / pʊt /
•UK / pʊt /
- phrasal verb
- to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
- verb
- To move or place a thing in a particular position
- To rate something in importance or value
- To write or say something in a certain manner
knock
US / nɒk /
•UK / nɑk /
- noun
- Bad experience that reduces a person's confidence
- Action of something solid hitting something hard
- verb
- To criticize someone in an unreasonable way
- To hit something to get people's attention
- To strike something hard, causing damage
newshour
US / ɪn'vælɪd /
•UK / ˈɪnvəlɪd /
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
reporter
US / rɪˈpɔ:tə(r) /
•UK / rɪˈpɔrtɚ, -ˈpor- /
- noun
- Someone whose job is to report news
pilot
US / 'paɪlət /
•UK / ˈpaɪlət /
- noun
- Person flying a plane; expert guide for a ship
- verb
- To conduct a small practice experiment
- To fly a plane; to direct a ship
- To try TV program out to see if it would succeed
studio
US / 'stju:dɪəʊ /
•UK / ˈstudio, ˈstju- /
- noun
- Place for painting, broadcasting, etc.
leave
US / li:v /
•UK / liv /
- noun
- Permission to do something
- Vacation time; time off work
- verb
- To go away from; depart
- To gift property to someone after you die
- To allow something to continue happening
- To let something remain unused or available
- To let something or someone remain somewhere
tournament
US / 'tʊənəmənt /
•UK / ˈtʊrnəmənt, ˈtɚ- /
- noun
- Sports contest with many games to find a winner
surround
US / səˈraʊnd /
•UK / səˈraʊnd /
- other
- To be closely connected to and have an effect on
- verb
- To be all the way around something
- To be closely connected to and have an effect on
- To move closer on all sides of something
inequality
US / ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti /
•UK / ˌɪnɪˈkwɑ:ləti /
- noun
- Situation where things are not equal, fair
day
US / deɪ /
•UK / de /
- noun
- A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
- The period of time when it is light outside
- Person's name
million
US / ˈmɪljən /
•UK / ˈmɪljən /
- number
- 1,000,000
after
US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /
•UK / ˈæftɚ /
- adverb
- Later than another time, or behind something
- conjunction
- Following something before
- preposition
- When an event happened or time has passed
rubble
US / ˈrʌbl /
•UK / ˈrʌbəl /
- noun
- Rough, broken stones from destroyed building
area
US / 'eərɪə /
•UK / ˈɛriə /
- noun
- Amount of measured space
- A specific section or space; part of a region
- A subject or field of study
will
US / wɪl /
•UK / wɪl /
- noun
- Desire or choice of someone
- Document saying who gets your money when you die
- Strong desire to do something; determination
- Desire to do something; strong wish to do
- other
- Used with verbs to express the future
- verb
- To leave property to someone after your death
- To use mental effort to make something happen
- Am (is, are) likely to do
- To influence someone to do something
- To make something happen by strongly wanting it
inside
US / ˌɪn'saɪd /
•UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /
- adjecitve
- Being in something
- Being in a building
- adverb
- Into a house; indoors
- noun
- Inner part or surface of something
reason
US / 'ri:zn /
•UK / ˈrizən /
- noun
- Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
- Explanation for why something occurred or was done
- verb
- To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
musician
US / mjuˈzɪʃn /
•UK / mjuˈzɪʃən /
- noun
- Person who writes, sings, or plays music, as a job
point
US / pɔɪnt /
•UK / pɔɪnt /
- noun
- An item to be discussed
- Small spot or dot
- Fact or detail
- Feature of something
- The size of the text on a page or screen
- A certain time or stage in a process
- Certain position in time or space
- Idea or fact you try to convince people about
- Measurement of scores in a game, sport
- Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
- verb
- To face a certain direction, e.g. north
- To indicate something with your finger to others
should
US / ʃʊd /
•UK / ʃʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable
discipline
US / 'dɪsəplɪn /
•UK / ˈdɪsəplɪn /
- noun
- Instruction and practice to teach obedience
- Particular field of study
- Act of punishing a person for wrongdoing
- verb
- To control or train others by making them obey you
- To punish a person for their wrongdoing
drama
US / 'drɑ:mə /
•UK / ˈdrɑmə, ˈdræmə /
- noun
- Play that is performed on stage, theater, or TV
- Study of acting
genre
US / 'ʒɒ̃rə /
•UK / ˈʒɑnrə /
- noun
- Category of art, music with its own qualities
feel
US / fi:l /
•UK / fil /
- verb
- To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
- To sense through direct contact; touch
new
US / nju: /
•UK / nu, nju /
- adjecitve
- Not old, recently born, built or made
- Being or doing something for the first time
- Not felt, seen or known previously
- Having been recently bought or obtained
stem
US / stem /
•UK / stɛm /
- noun
- Long thin central part of a plant, bearing leaves
- Long thin part supporting something e.g. a light
- Main part of a word, e.g. 'use' in 'useful'
- verb
- To remove the stem of a flower or fruit
- To start from or be the origin of
- To stop something bad from spreading or developing
white
US / waɪt /
•UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /
- adjecitve
- Belonging to a race of people with light skin
- Of the color of fresh snow and milk
- noun
- Person's name
- Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.
motivation
US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /
•UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /
- noun
- Reason behind why someone did something
airstrike
US / 'erˌstraɪk /
•UK / 'erˌstraɪk /
- noun
- An attack on somewhere by fighting planes
lose
US / lu:z /
•UK / luz /
- verb
- To be unable to keep in check or control something
- To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
- To stop having certain qualities or abilities
- To stop having or being entitled to
- To fail to win something that is being contested
- To be unable to find something you once had
- To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')
heat
US / hi:t /
•UK / hit /
- noun
- State of anger, excitement, or arguing
- Particular temperature at which to cook something
- High temperature
- One of series of races to find the finalists
- Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
- verb
- To make hot or hotter
plus
US / plʌs /
•UK / plʌs /
- noun
- A benefit or advantage
- preposition
- In addition; add
- In addition to; Indicates a number above
- Having a value greater than zero
sway
US / sweɪ /
•UK / swe /
- noun
- Power or influence to control a person or group
- Action of moving slowly from side to side
- verb
- To change your opinion or position often
- To influence a person's thoughts/opinion; persuade
- To move slowly from side to side
authority
US / ɔ:ˈθɒrəti /
•UK / əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr- /
- noun
- The power to give orders to people
- Person who is an expert on a particular topic
- Expert knowledge on a given subject
- The power to decide or approve things
- a group of people who have the official power to make decisions
strike
US / straɪk /
•UK / straɪk /
- noun
- A punch or hit
- Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
- Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
- verb
- To hit something
- To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
- To have an idea occur to you
supply
US / sə'plaɪ /
•UK / səˈplaɪ /
- noun
- Availability of products and services for use
- Specific things needed to perform a certain task
- verb
- To give or sell goods to others for their use
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
hundred
US / 'hʌndrəd /
•UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /
- number
- 100
last
US / lɑ:st /
•UK / læst /
- adjecitve
- Most recent; the latest
- The one before
- adverb
- Final; with nothing following; after all others
- Most recent; the latest
- determiner
- The one at the end
- verb
- To remain or continue for a certain period of time
judy
US / ˈdʒuːdi /
•UK / ˈdʒuːdi /
- noun
- The wife of Punch in the Punch and Judy show.
collapse
US / kə'læps /
•UK / kəˈlæps /
- verb
- To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
- To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
- To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired
island
US / ˈaɪlənd /
•UK / ˈaɪlənd /
- noun
- Area of land that is surrounded by water
fall
US / fɔ:l /
•UK / fɔl /
- noun
- Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
- A drop in amount; decrease
- Dropping from a standing position to the ground
- verb
- To drop in amount; to decrease
- To come down from a higher position suddenly
- To go from standing to the ground, by accident
negative
US / 'neɡətɪv /
•UK / ˈnɛɡətɪv /
- adjecitve
- Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
- In mathematics, being less than zero
- Focusing on the bad aspects; pessimistic
- noun
- The opposite to a positive electrical charge
- In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
- Reply to a question or statement that means 'no'
- Image on camera film used to make a photo
before
US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /
•UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /
- adverb
- At a time earlier than the present; previously
- conjunction
- In advance of something happening
- preposition
- In front of someone or something
focus
US / 'fəʊkəs /
•UK / ˈfokəs /
- noun
- Main purpose or center of interest or activity
- verb
- To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
- To keep your attention, concentration on one thing
communal
US / kəˈmju:nl /
•UK / kəˈmjunəl, ˈkɑmjə- /
- adjecitve
- Shared or used in common by members of a group
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
england
US / 'ɪŋɡlənd /
•UK / ˈɪŋɡlənd /
- proper noun
- A European country that forms the largest and most southern part of Great Britain and of the United
mark
US / mɑ:k /
•UK / mɑrk /
- noun
- Person's name
- A dirty spot or line on something
- Grade or score given for homework
- Line or symbol made when writing
- Particular point on a scale of measurement
- Grade, such as a student receives in school
- Stain or spot on something
- Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
- Written sign or symbol
- verb
- To put a dirty spot or line on something
- To give a grade for homework
- To indicate something with a sign or symbol
- To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
- (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
- To write or draw a line on something
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
next
US / nekst /
•UK / nɛkst /
- adverb
- The one that follows another in time or order
- At a time or place directly after the present one
- noun
- The one that follows after
- adjecitve
- Immediately after the previous one
- First occurrence after the present one
freedom
US / 'fri:dəm /
•UK / ˈfridəm /
- noun
- State of being free, not being controlled
southern
US / ˈsʌðən /
•UK / ˈsʌðərn /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a region in the south
- Being in or toward the south
orbit
US / 'ɔ:bɪt /
•UK / ˈɔrbɪt /
- noun
- Path an object takes as it circles another object
- verb
- To go around another object (often in space)
indy
US / ˈɪndi /
•UK / ˈɪndi /
- adjecitve
- Nickname for Indianapolis, Indiana
headline
US / ˈhedlaɪn /
•UK / ˈhedlaɪn /
- noun
- Title summarizing a news story
- verb
- To be the main performer at a show
group
US / ɡru:p /
•UK / ɡrup /
- noun
- Two or more musicians who play music together
- Number of people or things gathered together
- verb
- To combine or collect objects or people together
indonesia
US / ˌɪndəʊ'ni:zjə /
•UK / ˌɪndə'ni:ʒəˌ -ʃəˌ -doʊ- /
- noun
- A republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than , islands; achieved independen
lunar
US / ˈlu:nə(r) /
•UK / ˈlunɚ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning, about, or from the moon