Florence Artisans | National Geographic
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
street
US / stri:t /
•UK / strit /
- noun
- Road in a city with buildings and places to walk
object
US / 'ɒbdʒɪkt /
•UK / ˈɑbdʒɪkt /
- noun
- Something you can see or touch, but is not alive
- Goal or purpose of a particular plan or activity
- The thing that the action of a verb acts upon
- verb
- To disagree; to protest against an idea or plan
invisible
US / ɪnˈvɪzəbl /
•UK / ɪnˈvɪzəbəl /
- adjecitve
- Being unable to be seen
- Of money earned from services, instead of products
joint
US / dʒɔɪnt /
•UK / dʒɔɪnt /
- adjecitve
- Shared; involving working together; in common
- noun
- Body parts where bones meet and can move together
- Point at which two things meet (e.g. a road)
- A club or restaurant; place where you are
intend
US / ɪnˈtend /
•UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /
- verb
- To plan or want to do something
within
US / wɪˈðɪn /
•UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /
- adverb
- Inside the limits of an area, time or range
- preposition
- From the inside of something
piece
US / pi:s /
•UK / pis /
- noun
- A counter in a board game
- Small part of something larger
- verb
- To put items together to assemble something
medici
US / meditʃi: /
•UK / ˈmɛdəˌtʃi, ˈmɛdi- /
- other
- Aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the th century
few
US / fju: /
•UK / fju /
- pronoun
- Not many, a small number
scrap
US / skræp /
•UK / skræp /
- adjecitve
- Unneeded and thrown away
- noun
- A fight with someone
- Small piece of something especially paper or cloth
- other
- Wasted things such as metal
- verb
- To fight with someone
inlay
US / ˌɪnˈleɪ /
•UK / 'ɪnleɪ /
- verb
- To set pieces of one material into another
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
through
US / θru: /
•UK / θru /
- adjecitve
- having finished using or doing something
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over, in, across an entire thing or place
- Allowing you to pass between, or to
- By a particular way or process; by the use of
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
man
US / mæn /
•UK / mæn /
- noun
- Humans in general, including male and female
- An adult male human being
- Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
- verb
- To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
- To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)
grand
US / ɡrænd /
•UK / ɡrænd /
- adjecitve
- A counter for 1000 of something
- Great in amount, number or size
- Being highest in status or rank; impressive
three
US / θri: /
•UK / θri /
- number
- Number 3
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
fit
US / fɪt /
•UK / fɪt /
- adjecitve
- Good looking; physically attractive
- Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
- noun
- Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
- verb
- To install a machine, equipment etc.
- To adjust or change to the right size or shape
- To be the right size and shape that you want
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
school
US / sku:l /
•UK / skul /
- adjecitve
- Being to do with schools and education
- noun
- Large group of fish that swim together
- Education of a child
- Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
- A particular belief or idea about something
- verb
- To teach or train someone to know or do something
italy
US / 'ɪtəlɪ /
•UK / 'ɪtəlɪ /
- proper noun
- A country in southern Europe; population 59,800,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Rome; official langua
across
US / əˈkrɔs /
•UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /
- adverb
- Distance from one side to another
- (Go) from one side to the other of something
year
US / jə: /
•UK / jɪr /
- noun
- Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
- Used to refer to the age of a person
silversmith
US / ˈsɪlvəsmɪθ /
•UK / ˈsɪlvərsmɪθ /
- other
- Someone who makes or repairs articles of silver
cheap
US / tʃi:p /
•UK / tʃip /
- adjecitve
- Not costing a lot of money
- Having a low quality or value
- Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy
artisan
US / ˈɑ:tɪzən, -sən /
•UK / ˈɑrtɪzən, -sən /
- noun
- One making art objects, etc. skillfully by hand
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed
palace
US / ˈpæləs /
•UK / ˈpælɪs /
- noun
- Official home of a ruler, such as a king or queen
than
US / ðən /
•UK / ðən /
- conjunction
- Used to compare two things that are not equal
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
perfect
US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /
•UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /
- adjecitve
- So good it cannot be improved
- verb
- To do something so well, it cannot be done better
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
into
US / 'ɪntə /
•UK / ˈɪntu /
- preposition
- Moving or going inside something
- In the same direction as; in the direction of
- So as to become; taking the state of
originally
US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /
•UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /
- adverb
- At first; in the beginning
- In a new and unique manner
apprenticeship
US / əˈprentɪʃɪp /
•UK / əˈprɛntɪsʃɪp /
- noun
- Learning a job from an expert
hide
US / haɪd /
•UK / haɪd /
- noun
- The skin of an animal used for making leather
- verb
- To go to, or put a thing where it can't be found
furnishing
US / 'fɜ:nɪʃɪŋ /
•UK / ˈfɚnɪʃɪŋ /
- verb
- To provide a place with furniture and equipment
- To supply items that are needed
gift
US / gɪft /
•UK / ɡɪft /
- noun
- Something given to another for a reason; present
- Special skill or natural ability to do something
paint
US / peɪnt /
•UK / pent /
- noun
- Colored liquid you apply with a brush
- verb
- To make a picture with colored liquids
- To describe as
- To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush
precision
US / prɪˈsɪʒn /
•UK / prɪˈsɪʒən /
- adjecitve
- Performed in a very careful, detailed manner
- noun
- Quality of being very accurate and exact
renaissance
US / rɪˈneɪsns /
•UK / ˈrenəsɑ:ns /
- noun
- Period of intense activity in art and science
- Renewed interest in a particular field or subject
prepare
US / prɪˈpeə(r) /
•UK / prɪˈper /
- verb
- To make something ready for use
buff
US / bʌf /
•UK / bʌf /
- noun
- Person who knows a great deal about a topic
- verb
- To clean something so that it shines
back
US / bæk /
•UK / bæk /
- adjecitve
- Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
- adverb
- Have returned to a place you were before
- noun
- The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
- Location at the rear of something
- The reverse of side something
- Area on the rear of your body
- verb
- To bet money on something
- To go backwards in a car
- To support and encourage someone or some cause
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
throughout
US / θru:ˈaʊt /
•UK / θruˈaʊt /
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part
most
US / məʊst /
•UK / most /
- adverb
- Very; extremely
- Greatest possible degree
- pronoun
- Nearly all of something
large
US / lɑ:dʒ /
•UK / lɑ:rdʒ /
- adjecitve
- Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat
tabletop
US / ˈteɪbltɒp /
•UK / ˈtebəlˌtɑp /
- noun
- Top horizontal work surface of a table
over
US / 'əʊvə(r) /
•UK / ˈovɚ /
- adverb
- Finished; no longer happening
- Towards the ground/away from a standing position
- noun
- A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
- other
- Finished
- preposition
- Showing the relation when a thing is above another
- On or covering something
- Above or across something
- More than you need
- From one side to the other
- In the direction of; toward
out
US / aʊt /
•UK / aʊt /
- adverb
- No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
- Away from home, business, or the usual place
- In a direction/movement away from inside or center
- noun
- Act when a batter cannot continue playing
- verb
- To tell people a secret
form
US / fɔ:m /
•UK / fɔrm /
- noun
- Sports team or person's current winning record
- Document you complete when making an application
- Visible shape or style; type; kind
- verb
- To organize something such as a club or group
- To develop; to come into a shape or substance
- To make something into a particular shape
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
europe
US / ˈjʊərəp /
•UK / ˈjʊrəp /
- noun
- A continent including Germany, France and Spain
- other
- The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re
solder
US / ˈsəʊldə(r) /
•UK / ˈsɑ:dər /
- noun
- Soft metals used to join metal parts together
- verb
- To join metal objects with solder
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
work
US / wɜ:k /
•UK / wɚk /
- adjecitve
- Activity completed in order to make money
- noun
- The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
- Everything created by an author, artist, musician
- Activity you do in order to make money
- Place of employment
- Final product or result of a some labor or effort
- verb
- To bring into a specific state of success
- To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
- To do your job in your company or workplace
- To make an effort to do something
- To operate a machine or device
building
US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /
•UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /
- noun
- A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
- verb
- To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
- To construct a house, office, factory
way
US / weɪ /
•UK / we /
- adverb
- Used to emphasize the amount of something
- noun
- Particular aspect of something being thought about
- One of various choices that could be made
- Particular existing condition or state
- (Often long) distance or length of time
- How something is done
- Route to go to a place
- Small street
- Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone
technique
US / tekˈni:k /
•UK / tɛkˈnik /
- noun
- Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill
prize
US / praɪz /
•UK / praɪz /
- adjecitve
- Being an excellent or valuable example of a thing
- noun
- Something won in a contest or given as an award
- Something valuable that many people would like
- verb
- To value greatly and consider it important
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
very
US / 'verɪ /
•UK / ˈvɛri /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a large degree or amount
- adverb
- A lot; much; many
- Used to stress or emphasize a noun
ply
US / plaɪ /
•UK / plaɪ /
- verb
- (Of a boat, etc.) to travel a route regularly
- To work at a business or trade
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
substitute
US / 'sʌbstɪtju:t /
•UK / ˈsʌbstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut /
- noun
- A person or thing acting in place of another
- verb
- To perform the tasks instead of someone else
- To replace one person or thing for another
mold
US / məʊld /
•UK / mold /
- noun
- Distinctive type of character or nature
- Fungus growing on old food or in wet dark places
- Container to shape material into a certain form
- verb
- To influence a person's character or behavior
- To form something into a shape
now
US / naʊ /
•UK / naʊ /
- adverb
- At the present time or moment
- Right away or in the next possible moment
- Used to refer to something that just happened
- Time between the present and a moment in the past
- conjunction
- Resulting from or because of something
experience
US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /
•UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /
- noun
- Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- An event at which you learned something
- Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
- verb
- To gain knowledge by doing things
finish
US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /
•UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /
- noun
- End of something; completion
- Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
- verb
- To use or consume all of something
- To reach the end; to complete something
- To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
cut
US / kʌt /
•UK / kʌt /
- noun
- Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
- Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
- A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
- verb
- To reduce the size or amount of something
- To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces
apply
US / ə'plaɪ /
•UK / əˈplaɪ /
- verb
- To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
- To commit your time and effort to doing something
- To make something useful in a certain situation
- To be relevant for a situation
- To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
same
US / seɪm /
•UK / sem /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in quality and amount
- Identical; not different
- Not changing; constant
become
US / bɪ'kʌm /
•UK / bɪˈkʌm /
- verb
- To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
- To be suitable for a particular job or role
coat
US / kəʊt /
•UK / koʊt /
- noun
- Clothing worn outside over your normal clothes
- verb
- To cover something thinly with something
silver
US / 'sɪlvə(r) /
•UK / ˈsɪlvɚ /
- adjecitve
- Being the shiny gray color of mercury
- noun
- Person's name
- Shiny gray color
- Near white color metal with high value
- Objects made from silver, such as dishes, forks
- verb
- To coat something with a layer of silver
- To polish silver objects to make them shine
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
absolutely
US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /
•UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /
- adverb
- Completely; totally; very
disc
US / dɪsk /
•UK / dɪsk /
- noun
- Thin or flat, round object, e.g. for storing data
then
US / ðen /
•UK / ðɛn /
- adverb
- A time that is not now
- Following another thing in time or arrangement
- Following on reasonably from what was just stated
- At that time, not now
duke
US / dju:k /
•UK / duk, djuk /
- noun
- Title given to a man below the rank of prince
- Person's name
family
US / 'fæməlɪ /
•UK / ˈfæmli /
- noun
- Close group of people or organizations
- A group of people who are related through blood
- Group of related plants or animals
down
US / daʊn /
•UK / daʊn /
- adjecitve
- Being sad, sick, or unhappy
- Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
- adverb
- In a sitting or lying position
- Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
- Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
- noun
- A period of play in American Football
- The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
- preposition
- Along something's path, course, or direction
- Going from a higher position to a lower position
- verb
- To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping
block
US / blɒk /
•UK / blɑk /
- noun
- Solid piece of material used for building
- A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
- Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
- Building made up of offices or apartments
- Area of a city divided by four streets
- verb
- To stop from going forward or making progress
each
US / i:tʃ /
•UK / itʃ /
- determiner
- Every one of two or more things
- pronoun
- Per one person or thing
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
even
US / 'i:vn /
•UK / ˈivən /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
- Being divided equally or fairly
- (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
- Smooth, level, or regular
- Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
- At a regular, equally steady manner
- Remaining steady and unchanging
- adverb
- (When this is surprising) as well; too
- (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
- verb
- To make something level; to flatten
- To make something equal
different
US / ˈdɪfrənt /
•UK / ˈdɪfrənt /
- adjecitve
- Not of the same kind; unlike other things
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
itself
US / ɪtˈself /
•UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /
- pronoun
- Referring to it
workshop
US / ˈwɜ:kʃɒp /
•UK / ˈwɜ:rkʃɑ:p /
- noun
- A brief intensive course for a small group
puzzle
US / 'pʌzl /
•UK / ˈpʌzəl /
- noun
- Something challenging to explain or understand
- Game requiring the player to find an answer
- Game with many pieces, e.g. forming a picture
- A problem requiring thought and skill to be solved
- verb
- To be a challenge to understand; confuse
marble
US / 'mɑ:bl /
•UK / ˈmɑrbəl /
- noun
- A hard type of stone, often used in monuments
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
alleyway
US / 'ælɪweɪ /
•UK / ˈæliˌwe /
- noun
- A narrow street with walls on both sides
day
US / deɪ /
•UK / de /
- noun
- A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
- The period of time when it is light outside
- Person's name
trade
US / treɪd /
•UK / treid /
- noun
- A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
- Action of buying and selling things in business
- The buying and selling of goods and services
- Exchanging something for something else
- Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
- verb
- To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
- To give something in return for something else
consider
US / kən'sɪdə(r) /
•UK / kənˈsɪdər /
- verb
- To think carefully about something
assistant
US / əˈsɪstənt /
•UK / əˈsɪstənt /
- adjecitve
- (Person) helping another, usually as a job
- noun
- Person who helps another, usually as a job
art
US / ɑ:t /
•UK / ɑrt /
- noun
- Creative skill using the imagination e.g. painting
- A skill or talent you have
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
away
US / ə'weɪ /
•UK / əˈwe /
- adjecitve
- Not present
- adverb
- Disappear completely
- Doing something with a lot of energy
- Not here; far from here; in a different direction
- To a different area, location
sun
US / sʌn /
•UK / sʌn /
- noun
- Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
- Hot shining star the Earth moves around
- verb
- To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth
decade
US / ˈdekeɪd /
•UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /
- noun
- Period of 10 years
plaster
US / 'plɑ:stə(r) /
•UK / ˈplæstɚ /
- noun
- Substance used to cover walls to make them smooth
- Piece of material for covering a cut; Band-Aid
- verb
- To cover something with plaster
- To cover surfaces with papers, photos, posters etc.
identical
US / aɪˈdentɪkl /
•UK / aɪˈdɛntɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- The same in every way
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
century
US / 'sentʃərɪ /
•UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /
- noun
- Period of 100 years
his
US / hɪz /
•UK / hɪz /
- pronoun
- Something belonging to a male person
end
US / end /
•UK / ɛnd /
- noun
- The point where a process or activity stops
- A point that marks the limit of something; finish
- Goal or desired result
- The tip, edge or limit of something
- verb
- To be the last part of something
slightly
US / ˈslaɪtli /
•UK / ˈslaɪtli /
- adverb
- Only a little
often
US / ˈɔfən /
•UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /
- adverb
- Many times; frequently; on many occasions
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
hand
US / hænd /
•UK / hænd /
- noun
- Cards given to a player in a card game
- Piece of a clock that points to the time
- Someone who performs physical tasks or work
- Body part at the end of a person's arm
- Help for someone performing a particular action
- Condition of having power or influence
- Member of the crew of a ship
- verb
- To give something to someone personally