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Reported Speech (Yes-No Questions) - English Grammar - Lesson 13

Video vocabulary

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

comfortable

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US / ˈkʌmftəbl /

UK / ˈkʌmfətəbəl, ˈkʌmftəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having more than enough e.g. money for your needs
  • Being relaxed, warm or happy

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

celebrate

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US / 'selɪbreɪt /

UK / ˈsɛləˌbret /

A2
  • verb
  • To observe an event or occasion, e.g. a birthday
  • To lead or participate in a religious ceremony
  • To express praise or thanks for something

reference

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US / 'refrəns /

UK / ˈrɛfərəns, ˈrɛfrəns /

A2
  • noun
  • A letter of recommendation, e.g. for a job
  • Note in a book, etc. giving source of information
  • A location on a map
  • verb
  • To cite a piece of research in speech or writing

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

intonation

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US / ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪntəˈneʃən,-to- /

B2
  • noun
  • Rises and falls in pitch of speech

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

list

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US / lɪst /

UK / lɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Lean of a boat to one side
  • Series of written names, words or numbers
  • verb
  • To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
  • To present for sale for a specific price
  • To write a series of names, words, or numbers

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

several

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US / ˈsevrəl /

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Many of
  • pronoun
  • More than two but not a large amount

grammar

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US / ˈgræmə(r) /

UK / ˈɡræmɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Book describing the syntactic rules of a language
  • Rules explaining how words are used in a language

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

attention

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US / əˈtenʃn /

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Taking notice of someone or something
  • (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

henry

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US / ˈhenri /

UK / ˈhenri /

A1
  • noun
  • A unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the curren

general

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US / 'dʒenrəl /

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Widespread, normal or usual
  • noun
  • Top ranked officer in the army

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

balloon

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US / bəˈlu:n /

UK / bəˈlun /

B1
  • noun
  • Thin bag of rubber filled with air, used as a toy
  • Large air-filled bag to carry people into the air
  • verb
  • To grow larger quickly; spring up suddenly
  • To travel in a large balloon

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

present

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US / 'preznt /

UK / ˈprɛznt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • noun
  • Gift
  • Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
  • Current time; now
  • verb
  • To introduce someone to others
  • To host a program on television or radio
  • To give a speech or presentation
  • To show something to someone who will examine it
  • To appear or happen
  • To give an award or prize to someone

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

practice

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US / 'præktɪs /

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • The office and place for legal or medical work
  • Doing something many times to become better at it
  • verb
  • To work as a doctor or lawyer
  • To live according to the teachings of a religion
  • To do something many times to improve a skill

absolutely

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US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally; very

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

lesson

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US / 'lesn /

UK / ˈlɛsən /

A1
  • noun
  • Something done to learn or teach something; class
  • Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

command

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US / kə'mɑ:nd /

UK / kəˈmænd /

A2
  • noun
  • Electronic order to a computer to do something
  • An order to control things or others
  • verb
  • To be able to see far from a certain location
  • To give an order; have control over others
  • To have or get (respect or attention)

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

infinitive

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US / ɪnˈfɪnətɪv /

UK / ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv /

B2
  • noun
  • A verb in its base form, e.g. 'to run'

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

break

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US / breɪk /

UK / brek /

A1
  • noun
  • Time you stop an activity before continuing
  • End of a relationship
  • An escape from a place such as a jail
  • (Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
  • Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
  • Change in the weather
  • verb
  • To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • To form a crack in something
  • To burst or become damaged
  • To end a relationship
  • To escape from a place such as a jail
  • To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
  • To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
  • To act against a law, rule, or promise
  • To become known suddenly, as in the news
  • To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
  • To solve a crime, or answer a problem
  • To stop functioning properly
  • To suddenly start, open or commence
  • To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
  • To fall on the shore, as in waves
  • To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
  • To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

verb

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US / və:b /

UK / vɚb /

A1
  • noun
  • Word that expresses an action or state

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

fall

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US / fɔ:l /

UK / fɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
  • A drop in amount; decrease
  • Dropping from a standing position to the ground
  • verb
  • To drop in amount; to decrease
  • To come down from a higher position suddenly
  • To go from standing to the ground, by accident

mark

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US / mɑ:k /

UK / mɑrk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A dirty spot or line on something
  • Grade or score given for homework
  • Line or symbol made when writing
  • Particular point on a scale of measurement
  • Grade, such as a student receives in school
  • Stain or spot on something
  • Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
  • Written sign or symbol
  • verb
  • To put a dirty spot or line on something
  • To give a grade for homework
  • To indicate something with a sign or symbol
  • To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
  • (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
  • To write or draw a line on something

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

clear

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US / klɪə(r) /

UK / klɪr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Empty; without anything in it or on it
  • Being certain and without doubt
  • Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
  • Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely; through the whole of
  • Away from; free from
  • verb
  • To recover from or remove a problem
  • To get rid of the entire contents of
  • To give permission for something to happen
  • To make a place or surface empty by removing
  • To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

everyday

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US / ˈevrideɪ /

UK / ˈɛvriˈde /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used or seen daily; for daily use; ordinary

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

eric

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US / ˈerɪk /

UK / /

A1

complete

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US / kəm'pli:t /

UK / kəmˈplit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being finished; done; achieved
  • Being as perfect and as total as could be
  • verb
  • To finish or reach the end of doing something

jennifer

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US / ˌʌndəˈlaɪ /

UK / ˌʌndərˈlaɪ /

A1

moment

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US / 'məʊmənt /

UK / 'moʊmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Very short or brief period of time
  • A particular period in time

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

exercise

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US / 'eksəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical activity to increase health and strength
  • Set of questions in a text book
  • verb
  • To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • To retain your ability or practice your skills

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

tim

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US / tɪm /

UK / tɪm /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • Timothy (especially in biblical references).

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

cake

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US / keɪk /

UK / keɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Sweet baked food made from flour, eggs, fat, sugar
  • verb
  • To cover with a thing that becomes hard when dried
  • To become dried into a hardened mass

statement

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US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

UK / ˈstetmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Record of activity in a bank account over time
  • Act or process of saying something formally

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

subject

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US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

A1
  • noun
  • Citizen of an area or country
  • The person or thing that does the action of a verb
  • People who take part in experiments or tests
  • An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
  • What a book, article etc. is about; theme
  • verb
  • To cause to suffer or experience something

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

spend

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US / spend /

UK / spɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To use money to pay for something
  • To use time in order to do something
  • To use up something completely

exchange

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US / ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ /

UK / ɪksˈtʃendʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Sharing/directing a look, etc. at someone else
  • Short discussion or talk
  • The place you can change money to another currency
  • Place where things or services are exchanged
  • Act of returning something to a store
  • Act of giving a thing in return for another thing
  • verb
  • To share (a look, a few words etc.)
  • To sell one currency to get another
  • To return something to a store
  • To give things of similar value to each other

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

report

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US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Account of the necessary facts and information
  • The telling of news in the media
  • Official statement about something
  • verb
  • To submit a report or bill to the government
  • To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
  • To state something officially
  • To officially present yourself to an authority
  • To describe something by telling it to others

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

correct

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US / kə'rekt /

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
  • True or accurate
  • verb
  • To fix a problem
  • To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
  • To punish in order to improve

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

ask

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US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

express

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US / ɪk'spres /

UK / ɪkˈsprɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sent by a fast mail service
  • Traveling at high speed
  • noun
  • Fast train or bus
  • verb
  • To send something by fast mail
  • To state or show what you think or how you feel

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

tense

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US / tens /

UK / tɛns /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Unable to relax; feeling nervous or stressed
  • Stretched tight and stiff
  • noun
  • The use of grammar to state the time things happen
  • verb
  • To tighten the muscles, a rope, etc.

direct

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US / də'rekt /

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Coming straight from something
  • verb
  • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • To show the way by conducting or leading
  • To control the acting in a movie or play

kid

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US / kɪd /

UK / kɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made from young goat skin
  • noun
  • Child or young person
  • Young goat
  • verb
  • To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

lucy

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US / ˈlu:si /

UK / ˈlusi /

A1
  • other
  • Incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in

punctuation

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US / ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Marks used in piece of writing, such as ? ; and !

username

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US / ˈjuːzəneɪm /

UK / ˈjuːzərneɪm /

A2
  • noun
  • Name you use when you join a website

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

finally

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US / ˈfaɪnəli /

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
  • After a long time or some difficulty

friend

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US / frend /

UK / frɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who you like and enjoy being with

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

description

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US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of what something is like, looks like

whether

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US / ˈweðə(r) /

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

A1
  • conjunction
  • If something will happen or not

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

english

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US / ˈɪŋglɪʃ /

UK / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of England
  • noun
  • Language of the UK, USA, Nigeria and elsewhere
  • Person's name

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

grace

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US / ɡreɪs /

UK / ɡres /

B1
  • noun
  • Dignified polite behavior, as when things go badly
  • God's kindness shown to people
  • Movement that is smooth and attractive
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To make a place look more attractive

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

quite

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US / kwaɪt /

UK / kwaɪt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not very; fairly
  • Very; In a complete or total manner

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

simply

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US / ˈsɪmpli /

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an easy or clear manner

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

easily

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US / ˈi:zəli /

UK / ˈizəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Clearly; without doubt; certainly
  • Without difficulty

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

order

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US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

birthday

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US / ˈbɜ:θdeɪ /

UK / ˈbɚθˌde /

A1
  • noun
  • Date each year on which you were born

answer

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US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

UK / ˈænsɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Reply to a question someone asks
  • Solution to a problem or test question
  • verb
  • To reply to a question someone asks
  • To solve a test question or a problem

highlight

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US / ˈhaɪlaɪt /

UK / ˈhaɪˌlaɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Best or most interesting part of something
  • Spot or section lighter than the area around it
  • verb
  • To use chemicals to make some hair a lighter color
  • To make people aware of a problem, subject, issue
  • To focus particular attention on; draw attention
  • To use a pen to mark places of interest in a book

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

quote

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US / kwəʊt /

UK / kwot /

A2
  • noun
  • Written statement of the cost of something
  • The (often wise or famous) words of another person
  • verb
  • To tell someone how much a task will cost
  • To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

happy

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US / ˈhæpi /

UK / ˈhæpi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

word

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US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

sure

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US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

listen

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US / ˈlɪsn /

UK / ˈlɪsən /

A1
  • verb
  • To carefully consider what someone is saying

previous

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US / ˈpri:viəs /

UK / ˈpriviəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Existing or happening before the present time

plus

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US / plʌs /

UK / plʌs /

A2
  • noun
  • A benefit or advantage
  • preposition
  • In addition; add
  • In addition to; Indicates a number above
  • Having a value greater than zero

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

formality

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US / fɔ:'mælətɪ /

UK / fɔrˈmælɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Rules, behavior (often having little meaning)

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

additional

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US / əˈdɪʃənl /

UK / ə'dɪʃənl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Further or added

age

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US / eɪdʒ /

UK / edʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • To get older
  • noun
  • Period of time in history
  • Number of years a person or thing has lived

shift

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US / ʃɪft /

UK / ʃɪft /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
  • noun
  • A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
  • Period of work starting at a certain time
  • verb
  • To change in position or direction
  • To move something from one place to another

truth

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US / tru:θ /

UK / truθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Real facts about something

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

available

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US / əˈveɪləbl /

UK / əˈveləbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Present and able to be used
  • Able to be used at a scheduled time

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

meaning

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US / ˈmi:nɪŋ /

UK / ˈminɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Idea or thing represented by words or sentences
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular intention or value

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

speak

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US / spi:k /

UK / spik /

A1
  • verb
  • To be able to use a certain language
  • To use words to tell information, express thoughts

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

write

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
  • To invent or create a computer program
  • To create a song or piece of music
  • Subtitles section
  • English grammar.
  • Lesson 13. We've Already spent quite some time talking about how we report statements.
  • It's time now to talk about reporting questions.
  • I'd like to make this as clear as possible for you, so I'm going to break this talk into three parts.
  • In this lesson, we're going to practice reporting yes-no questions.
  • In the next lesson, we'll practice reporting WH questions.
  • Finally, I'll make sure you're comfortable using infinitives to report questions.
  • But first, let's turn our attention to yes-no questions.
  • Let's Begin by looking at an example of quoted speech.
  • Henry asks, Is it your birthday, Lucy?
  • She answers, Yes, it is my birthday.
  • I've highlighted the subject and verb in red so that you can easily see the difference in word order.
  • In the question, what comes first?
  • Is, the verb.
  • In the answer, what comes first?
  • It, the subject.
  • So in our question, we have question word order, verb plus subject.
  • In the answer, we have statement word order, subject plus verb.
  • This is important to understand because in reported speech, we need statement word order.
  • Henry asked me if it was my birthday.
  • It was, subject plus verb.
  • Don't forget the other changes we talked about in previous lessons.
  • We had changes to reference words and our verb tense shift back.
  • It is became, it was.
  • To report yes-no questions, we need the help of if.
  • We place it before the question we are reporting.
  • Henry asked me if it was my birthday.
  • We can also use whether or not or simply whether.
  • Henry asked me whether it was my birthday.
  • Henry asked me whether or not it was my birthday.
  • There is no difference in meaning between if and whether, but there is a difference in level of formality.
  • Whether is considered more formal, so in everyday English, we use if most of the time.
  • Let's talk for a moment about punctuation.
  • Question marks are used only in real questions.
  • Look at these examples.
  • Is it your birthday?
  • He asked me if it was my birthday.
  • Did he really ask you if it was your birthday?
  • In examples A and C, we use question marks to show that these are real questions.
  • In example B, we're not asking a question.
  • We're just reporting one, so our statement ends with a period.
  • Correct punctuation, of course, is important in our writing, but even when we're speaking, we have to understand whether we're asking a real question or just reporting one.
  • Examples A and C are real yes-no questions.
  • Our voice goes up.
  • There is rising intonation.
  • Is it your birthday?
  • Did he really ask you if it was your birthday?
  • Example B is a reported question, a statement, so we have falling intonation, which means our voice goes down.
  • He asked me if it was my birthday.
  • Let's try an exercise.
  • Exercise.
  • Listen to each exchange.
  • Report the question.
  • Example.
  • Listen to Jennifer ask Eric a question.
  • Do you like to celebrate your birthday?
  • Absolutely.
  • What did they say?
  • Here are their words.
  • Remember, to report the question, we'll need statement word order.
  • We'll also need to make changes to reference words, and the verb tense will shift back.
  • The reported statement here is not complete.
  • We're reporting a yes-no question, so we'll mark it with IF. Who's the subject?
  • Eric.
  • What's the verb?
  • Like.
  • We shift it back.
  • Liked.
  • Jennifer asked if Eric liked to celebrate his birthday.
  • Eric said he did.
  • Now you try number one.
  • Listen to Jennifer ask Grace a question.
  • Did you just celebrate your birthday?
  • Yes, I did.
  • Several times.
  • With friends.
  • What did they say?
  • Here are their words.
  • How will you report the question?
  • Jennifer asked Grace if she had just celebrated her birthday.
  • Grace said she had just celebrated her birthday several times with friends.
  • Number two.
  • Listen to Jennifer ask Tim a question.
  • Do you think balloons and cake are just for kids?
  • No. You can use them when you're older, too.
  • What did they say?
  • Here are their words.
  • How will you report the question?
  • Jennifer asked Tim if he thought balloons and cake were just for kids.
  • Tim said that you could use them when you were older, too.
  • Number three.
  • Listen to Tim ask Jennifer a question.
  • Do you tell people your age?
  • No. I think once you're over 30, you don't tell your age.
  • What did they say?
  • Here are their words.
  • How will you report the question?
  • Tim asked Jennifer if she told people her age.
  • Jennifer said that she didn't because once you're over 30, you don't tell people your age.
  • Note in Jennifer's answer, there wasn't a shift of verb tenses in the second half.
  • Once you're over 30, you don't tell people your age.
  • This is because it's viewed as a general truth, a general practice, so it's best expressed in the present tense.
  • Additional practice is available at EnglishCafe.com.
  • My username is JenniferESL.
  • The follow-up exercise to this lesson is now available.
  • The direct link to that exercise is listed in the video description here on YouTube.
  • Yes, there's still more to come on reported speech.
  • In following lessons, we'll look at how we report other questions, wh-questions.
  • We'll also talk about how we report commands and how we report verb tenses.
  • That's all for now.
  • Thanks for watching and happy studying!