A year in the life of one of Earth's weirdest animals - Gilad Bino
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
autumn
US / ˈɔ:təm /
•UK / ˈɔtəm /
- noun
- The season when leaves fall off trees
along
US / əˈlɒŋ /
•UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /
- adverb
- As a companion; taken with someone
- preposition
- At a point on a line
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
invite
US / ɪnˈvaɪt /
•UK / ɪnˈvaɪt /
- noun
- An invitation
- verb
- To ask someone to go somewhere or do something
over
US / 'əʊvə(r) /
•UK / ˈovɚ /
- adverb
- Finished; no longer happening
- Towards the ground/away from a standing position
- noun
- A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
- other
- Finished
- preposition
- Showing the relation when a thing is above another
- On or covering something
- Above or across something
- More than you need
- From one side to the other
- In the direction of; toward
plug
US / plʌg /
•UK / plʌɡ /
- noun
- Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
- Thing on a wire to connect to electricity supply
- A promotion of a product
- verb
- To use an object to block a hole
- To promote or advertise a product
ancient
US / 'eɪnʃənt /
•UK / ˈenʃənt /
- adjecitve
- Very old; having lived a very long time ago
bird
US / bɜ:d /
•UK / bɜ:rd /
- noun
- Animal with feathers that uses wings to fly
bloom
US / blu:m /
•UK / blum /
- noun
- Period of beauty, strength or freshness
- verb
- To flower; to produce flowers
- To achieve an ideal state of beauty and strength
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
back
US / bæk /
•UK / bæk /
- adjecitve
- Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
- adverb
- Have returned to a place you were before
- noun
- The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
- Location at the rear of something
- The reverse of side something
- Area on the rear of your body
- verb
- To bet money on something
- To go backwards in a car
- To support and encourage someone or some cause
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
hope
US / həʊp /
•UK / hop /
- noun
- When you wish something will happen; what you wish
- verb
- To expect and want something to happen
most
US / məʊst /
•UK / most /
- adverb
- Very; extremely
- Greatest possible degree
- pronoun
- Nearly all of something
propel
US / prəˈpel /
•UK / prəˈpɛl /
- verb
- To push, or make move in a certain direction
reproduction
US / ˌri:prəˈdʌkʃn /
•UK / ˌriprəˈdʌkʃən /
- noun
- Act or process of producing a copy of something
- The process of making children
leave
US / li:v /
•UK / liv /
- noun
- Permission to do something
- Vacation time; time off work
- verb
- To go away from; depart
- To gift property to someone after you die
- To allow something to continue happening
- To let something remain unused or available
- To let something or someone remain somewhere
tree
US / tri: /
•UK / tri /
- noun
- Tall green plants in a forest
where
US / hwɛə /
•UK / hwɛr, wɛr /
- conjunction
- At or in the place which
- In whatever place
- pronoun
- Word you use to ask the location of something
finally
US / ˈfaɪnəli /
•UK / ˈfaɪnəli /
- adverb
- used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
- After a long time or some difficulty
lie
US / laɪ /
•UK / lai /
- noun
- An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
- verb
- To be in a horizontal or flat position
- To say something that you know is not true
completely
US / kəmˈpli:tli /
•UK / kəmˈpliːtli /
- adverb
- In every way or as much as possible
detect
US / dɪˈtekt /
•UK / dɪˈtɛkt /
- verb
- To discover or identify the presence of something
electrical
US / ɪˈlektrɪkl /
•UK / ɪˈlektrɪkl /
- adjecitve
- Related or connected to electricity
milk
US / mɪlk /
•UK / mɪlk /
- noun
- White liquid produced by females to feed babies
- verb
- To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
- To take as much from a person/situation as you can
penis
US / 'pi:nɪs /
•UK / ˈpinɪs /
- noun
- Male organ for copulation and urination
put
US / pʊt /
•UK / pʊt /
- phrasal verb
- to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
- verb
- To move or place a thing in a particular position
- To rate something in importance or value
- To write or say something in a certain manner
spring
US / sprɪŋ /
•UK / sprɪŋ /
- noun
- Coil of metal that lessens impact, e.g. on cars
- Sudden jump from one place to another
- The time when plants start growing after winter
- Place where water flows from beneath the ground
- verb
- To lessen the impact of something under pressure
- To jump into the air
two
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- number
- 2
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
eventually
US / ɪˈventʃuəli /
•UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /
- adverb
- After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
spine
US / spaɪn /
•UK / spaɪn /
- noun
- Line of bones that runs down your back
- The place the pages of a book are attached
- Strength of purpose; courage; determination
surrounding
US / səˈraʊndɪŋ /
•UK / səˈraʊndɪŋ /
- adjecitve
- Bring completed closed around on all sides
- verb
- To be all the way around something
- To be closely connected to and have an effect on
- To move closer on all sides of something
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
week
US / wi:k /
•UK / wik /
- noun
- Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday
egg
US / eg /
•UK / ɛɡ /
- noun
- Hard-shelled thing from which a young bird is born
glass
US / ɡlɑ:s /
•UK / ɡlæs /
- adjecitve
- Being made of glass
- noun
- Clear hard container used for drinking
- A lens for eyewear
- Hard see-through material used for making windows
search
US / sɜ:tʃ /
•UK / sɜ:rtʃ /
- noun
- Examination of person to find something
- Action to find an answer to a problem
- Action of trying to find someone or something
- verb
- To examine a person's clothing to find something
- To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
- To look carefully for someone or something
then
US / ðen /
•UK / ðɛn /
- adverb
- A time that is not now
- Following another thing in time or arrangement
- Following on reasonably from what was just stated
- At that time, not now
bacteria
US / bæk'tɪərɪə /
•UK / bækˈtɪriə /
- noun
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
cloaca
US / kləʊ'eɪkə /
•UK / kloʊ'eɪkə /
- noun
- Cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals
dead
US / ded /
•UK / dɛd /
- adjecitve
- Not alive
- Being bored or not interested
- Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
- Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
- adverb
- Completely; absolutely
get
US / ɡet /
•UK / ɡɛt /
- verb
- To become affected by illness or disease
- To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
- To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
- To go somewhere to obtain something
- To (cause to) do a particular thing
- To obtain, receive or be given something
- To currently have
- To prepare for use
- To understand something being said or read
pool
US / pu:l /
•UK / pul /
- noun
- Amount collected, e.g. money, for some purpose
- Small body of still water
- Game of hitting balls on a table with long sticks
- Small area of water for swimming bound by walls
- verb
- (Of a liquid) to collect into a small area
- To make a collection of (resources, money etc.)
sex
US / seks /
•UK / sɛks /
- noun
- State of being male or female
- Physical activity by which we produce babies
spill
US / spɪl /
•UK / spɪl /
- noun
- Accident when someone falls
- Act of allowing a fluid to escape
- verb
- To come out of and spread beyond limits
- To cause (blood) to flow from body, as by killing
- To tell secrets or let information escape
- To cause a liquid to fall out of its container
- To come out of a holding container
cause
US / kɔ:z /
•UK / kɔz /
- noun
- Belief, goal or organization that people support
- Reason for
- verb
- To make something happen; create effect or result
evening
US / ˈi:vnɪŋ /
•UK / ˈivnɪŋ /
- noun
- Last part of the day and early part of night
- A social event in the early part of the night
- verb
- To make something level; to flatten
- To make something equal
fox
US / fɒks /
•UK / fɑ:ks /
- noun
- Small forest animal with 4 legs and a long tail
- Clever, tricky person
- Offensive; do not use woman thought to be sexy
- verb
- To make something difficult to understand; confuse
- To trick someone in a clever way
own
US / əʊn /
•UK / on /
- adjecitve
- Belong to oneself
- determiner
- Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
- pronoun
- (Something) belong to myself
- verb
- To have something as your property
baby
US / ˈbeɪbi /
•UK / ˈbeɪbi /
- adjecitve
- Small in size; smaller than usual
- noun
- A very young child, who cannot yet speak
- verb
- To treat someone as if they were newly born
she
US / ʃɪ /
•UK / ʃi /
- pronoun
- Female person or animal mentioned before
- (Refers to female person mentioned before)
affection
US / əˈfekʃn /
•UK / əˈfɛkʃən /
- noun
- Feeling of liking someone or something
bill
US / bɪl /
•UK / bɪl /
- noun
- Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
- Sign or poster advertising something
- Paper money; a bank note
- Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
- Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
- Person's name
- verb
- To request payment by handing over an invoice
stay
US / steɪ /
•UK / ste /
- noun
- Legal order to stop or delay an action
- Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
- Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
- verb
- To keep trying without giving up
- To remain in the same place and not move away
- To spend time visiting a place or someone's home
winter
US / ˈwɪntə(r) /
•UK / ˈwɪntɚ /
- adjecitve
- (Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
- noun
- Time or season of idleness or decay
- Coldest season of the year
- verb
- To spend the cold months at a certain place
barely
US / ˈbɛəli /
•UK / ˈbɛrli /
- adverb
- Only just; just possible
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
enough
US / ɪˈnʌf /
•UK / ɪˈnʌf /
- adjecitve
- Sufficient to answer the need
- adverb
- To a satisfactory degree
- pronoun
- Equal to what is needed; as much as required
- Adequate number or amount
hind
US / haɪnd /
•UK / haɪnd /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the rear or back part of animals
mix
US / mɪks /
•UK / mɪks /
- noun
- A combination of more than two things
- verb
- To combine two or more things to make one
- To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party
suddenly
US / ˈsʌdənli /
•UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /
- adverb
- In an unexpected or very quick manner
closely
US / 'kləʊslɪ /
•UK / ˈkloslɪ /
- adverb
- In a careful manner
- Nearby; just next to
fight
US / faɪt /
•UK / faɪt /
- noun
- An argument or quarrel
- Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
- A struggle to do a difficult task
- verb
- To argue or quarrel with someone about something
- To try to hurt someone by hitting them
- To struggle to do a difficult task
each
US / i:tʃ /
•UK / itʃ /
- determiner
- Every one of two or more things
- pronoun
- Per one person or thing
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
nursing
US / ˈnɜ:sɪŋ /
•UK / ˈnɜ:rsɪŋ /
- noun
- Profession for taking care of sick people
- verb
- To care for and look after someone who is sick
- To keep holding a grudge, hope etc. in your mind
- To drink/allow (baby) to drink milk from breast
time
US / taɪm /
•UK / taɪm /
- noun
- Speed at which music is played; tempo
- Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
- Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
- Occasion when something happens
- Period or occasion that something occurred
- Period in history or the past
- Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
- How long an event takes; duration
- verb
- To check speed at which music is performed
- To choose a specific moment to do something
- To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
- To schedule something to occur at a specific moment
land
US / lænd /
•UK / lænd /
- noun
- Region or country
- Earth; the ground
- verb
- To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
- To obtain or get something that you wanted
- To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
- To cause to arrive in a specific place or state
stream
US / stri:m /
•UK / strim /
- noun
- Classes split into ability levels
- A small river
- verb
- To send a constant flow of data over the internet
- To split classes or students into ability levels
since
US / sɪns /
•UK / sɪns /
- adverb
- At a point before the present time
- conjunction
- For this reason; because
- preposition
- From the time in the past that
within
US / wɪˈðɪn /
•UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /
- adverb
- Inside the limits of an area, time or range
- preposition
- From the inside of something
belly
US / 'belɪ /
•UK / ˈbɛli /
- noun
- Middle part of the body; the stomach
- verb
- To expand outward; swell
- To swell like a balloon
begin
US / bɪ'ɡɪn /
•UK / ˈbeɡɪn /
- verb
- To do the first part of an action; to start
chromosome
US / ˈkrəʊməsəʊm /
•UK / ˈkroʊməsoʊm /
- noun
- Cell structures that carry the genetic material
borough
US / ˈbʌrə /
•UK / ˈbɜ:roʊ /
- noun
- Section of a city with authority to manage itself
pair
US / peə(r) /
•UK / per /
- noun
- Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
- Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
- verb
- To put two things or people together
predator
US / 'predətə(r) /
•UK / ˈprɛdətɚ, -ˌtɔr /
- noun
- An animal that hunts and kills other animals
- Person preying on the weak to gain advantage
raindrop
US / ˈreɪndrɒp /
•UK / ˈrenˌdrɑp /
- noun
- Drop of rain
soon
US / su:n /
•UK / sun /
- adverb
- At a time not long from now
trap
US / træp /
•UK / træp /
- noun
- Device used for catching animals
- Vehicle pulled by a single horse
- Area or hazard on a golf course
- Someone's mouth
- Uncomfortable event that is hard to escape
- verb
- To use a device to catch animals or people
- To hold, e.g. a nerve, so that it cannot move
- To catch or prevent someone from escaping
- To trick someone
- To put into a situation you can't escape from
water
US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /
•UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /
- noun
- Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
- Large area such as an ocean or sea
- verb
- (Of the eyes) to produce tears
- (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
- To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive
few
US / fju: /
•UK / fju /
- pronoun
- Not many, a small number
earth
US / ɜ:θ /
•UK / ɚθ /
- noun
- Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
- The planet we live on
- Soil in which we grow plants
eccentric
US / ɪkˈsentrɪk /
•UK / ɪkˈsɛntrɪk, ɛk- /
- adjecitve
- Out of the ordinary; acting unusually or oddly
- noun
- Person who acts unusually or bizarrely
much
US / mʌtʃ /
•UK / mʌtʃ /
- adjecitve
- Very; to a high level or degree
- adverb
- A lot; large amount; a high degree of
- Nearly; basically
- On many occasions; often
- noun
- A large amount; a great quantity
gland
US / ɡlænd /
•UK / ɡlænd /
- noun
- Organ that produces substances for the body to use
home
US / həʊm /
•UK / hom /
- adjecitve
- A sports team's own field or place of play
- adverb
- Into the correct or intended position
- noun
- House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
- Institution for sick or elderly people
- Place where a person or a family lives
- Country where a person lives or was born
- Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
- verb
- To move towards a particular target location
occasionally
US / əˈkeɪʒnəli /
•UK / əˈkeɪʒən(ə)li /
- adverb
- Not very often; sometimes; seldom
aid
US / eɪd /
•UK / ed /
- noun
- Action of giving help to others
- Money or help given to those who need it
- verb
- To help others and provide things
determine
US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /
•UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /
- verb
- To control exactly how something will be or act
- To establish the facts about; discover
head
US / hed /
•UK / hɛd /
- noun
- Counter for the number of cattle
- Natural mental ability or intelligence
- Leader or person with the greatest authority
- Mind; mental ability; mental state
- Side of a coin with a head on it
- Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
- Starting point of something, e.g. a river
- verb
- To hit a ball with your head in a game
- To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
- To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
- To become the leader of something
- To lead or be responsible for something
leg
US / leɡ /
•UK / lɛɡ /
- noun
- Part of the body from the hips down
- The piece of furniture that touches the ground
rustle
US / 'rʌsl /
•UK / ˈrʌsəl /
- noun
- A dry light sound like silk or leaves moving
- verb
- To steal cattle or other animals from a herd
- To become aware of people gossiping
- To steal livestock (especially cattle)
drought
US / draʊt /
•UK / draʊt /
- noun
- Long period of dry weather
erode
US / ɪ'rəʊd /
•UK / ɪˈrod /
- verb
- To destroy something gradually; be destroyed thus
- To wear away gradually by water, ice or wind
hunt
US / hʌnt /
•UK / hʌnt /
- noun
- A search for animals to kill for food
- Person's name
- verb
- To search for wild animals to kill (for food)
- To look for very carefully; search for
limb
US / lɪm /
•UK / lɪm /
- noun
- Leg, arm, branch or wing
- Part of something that extends out over an area
coat
US / kəʊt /
•UK / koʊt /
- noun
- Clothing worn outside over your normal clothes
- verb
- To cover something thinly with something
opening
US / ˈəʊpnɪŋ /
•UK / ˈoʊpnɪŋ /
- noun
- Free job; job you can apply for
- Action of starting something, e.g. a new business
- verb
- To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
- To start the activities or services of a business
- To make a space or hole appear in something
- To move or change so that it is no longer closed
- To start something, e.g. a new business
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
reproduce
US / ˌri:prə'dju:s /
•UK / ˌriprəˈdus, -ˈdjus /
- verb
- To make a copy of something
- To have children/young; grow roots/new plants
spur
US / spɜ:(r) /
•UK / spɚ /
- noun
- Rock that sticks out from the side of a mountain
- Something that makes a person act
- verb
- To make your horse go faster
- To make someone want to do something
survive
US / sə'vaɪv /
•UK / sɚˈvaɪv /
- verb
- To continue to live despite illness or trouble
avian
US / 'eɪvɪən /
•UK / 'eɪvɪrn /
- adjecitve
- Of or typical of birds
meal
US / mi:l /
•UK / mil /
- noun
- Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
- Grain that has been ground into a powder
sense
US / sens /
•UK / sɛns /
- noun
- Certain mental feeling or emotion
- Normal or clear state of mind
- Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
- verb
- To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
- To recognize the presence of something
alongside
US / əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd /
•UK / əˌlɔ:ŋˈsaɪd /
- preposition
- Side by side with something
compete
US / kəmˈpi:t /
•UK / kəmˈpit /
- verb
- To try to beat others at something, e.g. a race
genome
US / ˈdʒi:nəʊm /
•UK / ˈdʒi:noʊm /
- noun
- Complete set of genetic material in an organism
nerve
US / nə:v /
•UK / nɚv /
- noun
- Fibers in the body that enable feeling, movement
- Courage to do something that is difficult or risky
protein
US / ˈprəʊti:n /
•UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /
- noun
- Group of molecules made from amino acids
reptilian
US / rep'tɪlɪən /
•UK / rɛpˈtɪlɪən /
- adjecitve
- Concerning animals such as snakes and lizards
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
quirk
US / kwɜ:k /
•UK / kwə:k /
- noun
- Strange aspect (of nature); strange habit
- Something unusual or strange that occurs by chance
repair
US / rɪˈpeə(r) /
•UK / rɪˈper /
- noun
- How well cared for a thing is; physical condition
- Action to fix or restore something that is broken
- verb
- To fix or restore something that is broken
- To fix or correct the damage that one has caused
usually
US / ˈju:ʒuəli /
•UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /
- adverb
- Normally; regularly
furnish
US / 'fɜ:nɪʃ /
•UK / ˈfɚnɪʃ /
- verb
- To provide a place with furniture and equipment
- To supply items that are needed
luck
US / lʌk /
•UK / lʌk /
- noun
- Accidental way things happen, often good things
waterproof
US / 'wɔ:təpru:f /
•UK / ˈwɔtɚˌpruf, ˈwɑtə- /
- adjecitve
- That keeps water out, as of clothes
- Resistant to water entering
- verb
- To make resistant to water entering
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
excretion
US / ɪk'skri:ʃn /
•UK / ɪkˈskriʃən /
- noun
- Getting rid of bodily waste, e.g. feces
hatch
US / hætʃ /
•UK / hætʃ /
- noun
- Door or covering to an opening in boat's deck
- other
- To be born or come out from an egg
- verb
- To be born or come out from an egg
- To produce or create an idea or plan secretly
single
US / 'sɪŋɡl /
•UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /
- adjecitve
- Being one only, without others
- Only; merely
- Not married or in a relationship
- noun
- One run in cricket or a hit baseball
- An individual song from a CD or album
- Person who is not married or in a relationship
river
US / ˈrɪvə(r) /
•UK / ˈrɪvɚ /
- noun
- Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea
signal
US / 'sɪɡnəl /
•UK / ˈsɪɡnəl /
- adjecitve
- Most important or most noticeable
- noun
- Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
- Act/sound that tells people to do/start something
- Road-side lights that direct traffic to go or stop
- Sound and light waves carrying TV and radio data
- verb
- To be evidence/an indication something will happen
- To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start
cozy
US / 'kəʊzɪ /
•UK / ˈkozi /
- adjecitve
- Comfortable, warm, pleasant, and often, small
male
US / meɪl /
•UK / ˈmel /
- adjecitve
- Characteristic of boys or men
- noun
- A member of the sex that fertilizes eggs
ooze
US / u:z /
•UK / uz /
- verb
- To flow through small openings
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
waddle
US / 'wɒdl /
•UK / ˈwɑdl: /
- verb
- To walk slowly with a wide gait, like a duck
feature
US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈfitʃɚ /
- adjecitve
- Main; important
- noun
- Special report in a magazine or paper
- Distinctive or important point of something
- verb
- To highlight or give special importance to
monotreme
US / ˈmɒnətriːm /
•UK / ˈmɑːnətriːm /
- other
- Most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria
tunnel
US / 'tʌnl /
•UK / ˈtʌnəl /
- adjecitve
- As if looking in a long hole
- noun
- Passage under the ground, often for cars or trains
- verb
- To dig a hole from one side to another
venom
US / ˈvenəm /
•UK / ˈvɛnəm /
- noun
- Poison, e.g. one produced by plant or animal
- Strong anger or hate shown by being unpleasant
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
court
US / kɔ:t /
•UK / kɔrt, kort /
- noun
- Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
- Place where legal cases are decided
- Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
- verb
- To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
- To encourage dangerous behavior
- To pay attention to someone to get their support
its
US / ɪts /
•UK / ɪts /
- adjecitve
- Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
- determiner
- Of something; belonging or related to something
- other
- Possessive form of “it”
journey
US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /
•UK / ˈdʒɚni /
- noun
- Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
- verb
- To travel through a place
produce
US / prə'dju:s /
•UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /
- noun
- Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
- verb
- To grow something naturally
- To make something appear
- To manufacture something using machines
- To control the making a movie or television show
platypus
US / ˈplætɪpəs /
•UK / ˈplætɪpəs /
- noun
- Small Australian aquatic animal with a broad tail
return
US / rɪ'tɜ:n /
•UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /
- adjecitve
- Do again; repeated
- noun
- Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
- Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
- Profit made as a result of a business activity
- Process of going back to a previous way or state
- verb
- To hit something back to the other player or team
- To come back after being away from somewhere
- To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
- To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
- To occur again
web
US / web /
•UK / wɛb /
- noun
- Skin between ducks' toes that enables them to swim
- Internet's collection of interrelated information
- Net made from silk threads produced by spiders
- Complicated set of relationships or connections
debut
US / 'deɪbju: /
•UK / deˈbju, ˈdeˌbju /
- noun
- First performance, appearance, e.g. of opera star
evade
US / ɪˈveɪd /
•UK / ɪˈved /
- verb
- To avoid being captured; avoid answering
move
US / mu:v /
•UK / muv /
- noun
- Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
- An action; doing something
- Step taken to achieve a goal
- verb
- To cause someone to have certain emotions
- To cause something to change to a different place
- To change where people live or a business operates
- To take action to do or achieve something
reflect
US / rɪ'flekt /
•UK / rɪˈflɛkt /
- verb
- To indicate or be a sign of something
- To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
- To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
- To think of something seriously and carefully
their
US / ðɛː /
•UK / ðer /
- determiner
- Belonging to them
both
US / bəuθ /
•UK / boθ /
- determiner
- Used to refer to two things at the same time
- pronoun
- Used to refer to two things at the same time
change
US / tʃeɪndʒ /
•UK / tʃendʒ /
- noun
- Exchange of one set of clothes for another
- Money in the form of coins instead of paper
- Money returned after giving too much
- Act of making or becoming something else
- verb
- To exchange one set of clothes for another
- To exchange one kind of money for another
- To replace something with another thing
- To make or become something else
- To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another
flush
US / flʌʃ /
•UK / flʌʃ /
- adjecitve
- Having lots of money to spend right now
- noun
- Feeling that comes suddenly
- verb
- To redden in the face due to emotion
- To make water pass through, as in a toilet
severe
US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /
•UK / səˈvɪr /
- adjecitve
- Very bad; harsh
- Being very serious or extremely bad
- (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated
burrow
US / ˈbʌrəʊ /
•UK / ˈbɜ:roʊ /
- noun
- Hole in the ground dug by an animal for protection
- verb
- To dig a hole in the ground for protection
introduce
US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /
•UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /
- verb
- To open an essay to set the scene
- To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
- To begin the use of a new thing or practice
- To make someone known to another by name
- To insert or put something inside another thing
several
US / ˈsevrəl /
•UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /
- adjecitve
- Many of
- pronoun
- More than two but not a large amount
red
US / red /
•UK / rɛd /
- adjecitve
- Being the color of blood
swimming
US / ˈswɪmɪŋ /
•UK / ˈswɪmɪŋ /
- noun
- The act of moving through water
- verb
- To move through water by moving parts of the body
bring
US / brɪŋ /
•UK / brɪŋ /
- verb
- To take or go with someone to a place
extensive
US / ɪkˈstensɪv /
•UK / ɪkˈstɛnsɪv /
- adjecitve
- Large; full or complete
fat
US / fæt /
•UK / fæt /
- adjecitve
- Having too much weight for the body size
- Bringing or having a large amount of money
- noun
- Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
- Oily part of meat
australia
US / ɒˈstreɪliə /
•UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /
- noun
- The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean
continue
US / kən'tɪnju: /
•UK / kənˈtɪnju /
- verb
- To do something without stopping, or after pausing
- To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop
white
US / waɪt /
•UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /
- adjecitve
- Belonging to a race of people with light skin
- Of the color of fresh snow and milk
- noun
- Person's name
- Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
occupy
US / 'ɒkjʊpaɪ /
•UK / ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ /
- verb
- To enter and take control of land/property
- To fill a time, a space, or an area
- To live in a particular building
- To fill someone's thoughts or make a person busy
quick
US / kwɪk /
•UK / kwɪk /
- adjecitve
- Using very little time; moving far in little time
- Learning and understanding rapidly and easily
swim
US / swɪm /
•UK / swɪm /
- noun
- Act of swimming in a pool or ocean
- verb
- To move through water by moving parts of the body
surround
US / səˈraʊnd /
•UK / səˈraʊnd /
- other
- To be closely connected to and have an effect on
- verb
- To be all the way around something
- To be closely connected to and have an effect on
- To move closer on all sides of something
area
US / 'eərɪə /
•UK / ˈɛriə /
- noun
- Amount of measured space
- A specific section or space; part of a region
- A subject or field of study
deed
US / di:d /
•UK / did /
- noun
- Something that is done; act or action
- Papers giving someone the right to some property
past
US / pɑ:st /
•UK / pæst /
- adjecitve
- No longer current or new
- adverb
- So as to go beyond, or further than something
- noun
- Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
- preposition
- After a particular time
- At a later point in distance; beyond
characterize
US / 'kærəktəraɪz /
•UK / ˈkærəktəˌraɪz /
- verb
- To describe the qualities of person, place, thing
day
US / deɪ /
•UK / de /
- noun
- A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
- The period of time when it is light outside
- Person's name
ever
US / 'evə(r) /
•UK / ˈɛvɚ /
- adverb
- At any time; at all times in the future
resemble
US / rɪˈzembl /
•UK / rɪˈzɛmbəl /
- verb
- To be similar to in looks or manner
strike
US / straɪk /
•UK / straɪk /
- noun
- A punch or hit
- Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
- Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
- verb
- To hit something
- To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
- To have an idea occur to you
posture
US / 'pɒstʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈpɑstʃɚ /
- noun
- Attitude someone adopts regarding a subject
- The position of the body when standing or sitting
- verb
- To be insincere in order to gain favor
after
US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /
•UK / ˈæftɚ /
- adverb
- Later than another time, or behind something
- conjunction
- Following something before
- preposition
- When an event happened or time has passed
already
US / ɔ:lˈredi /
•UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /
- adverb
- Having happened or been done before this time
appear
US / ə'pɪə(r) /
•UK / əˈpɪr /
- verb
- To be seen, become visible; come into sight
- To seem to be
- To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media
fresh
US / freʃ /
•UK / frɛʃ /
- adjecitve
- Clean; not used or dirty
- Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
- Newly made or gathered
- (Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
shelter
US / 'ʃeltə(r) /
•UK / ˈʃɛltɚ /
- noun
- Place to protect people/animals from abuse
- Structure that covers or protects things
- State of being protected from danger, bad weather
- verb
- To give animals, people a place away from abuse
- To find protection from danger/bad weather
tail
US / teɪl /
•UK / tel /
- noun
- Extended part at the back of an animal's body
- Back or last part of something e.g. shirt
- verb
- To be end of (a march or parade, line)
- To follow someone secretly and watch what they do
will
US / wɪl /
•UK / wɪl /
- noun
- Desire or choice of someone
- Document saying who gets your money when you die
- Strong desire to do something; determination
- Desire to do something; strong wish to do
- other
- Used with verbs to express the future
- verb
- To leave property to someone after your death
- To use mental effort to make something happen
- Am (is, are) likely to do
- To influence someone to do something
- To make something happen by strongly wanting it
ensure
US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /
•UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /
- verb
- To make something sure, certain, or safe
potent
US / 'pəʊtnt /
•UK / ˈpotnt /
- adjecitve
- (Of men) being able to make a woman pregnant
- Having a powerful effect, e.g. on the body or mind
riverbank
US / ˈrɪvəbæŋk /
•UK / ˈrɪvərɪvəbæŋk /
- noun
- Side of a river
use
US / ju:s /
•UK / ju:s /
- noun
- Ability to employ something
- Need to enable it to work
- Permission to do something with something
- Act of spending money
- Operation of a machine for its function
- verb
- To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
- To need to operate or work
- To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
- To treat a person badly
- To do something with, for a task or purpose
contain
US / kənˈteɪn /
•UK / kənˈten /
- verb
- To keep something from spreading
- To hold something inside something else
four
US / fɔ:(r) /
•UK / fɔr, for /
- number
- 4
heat
US / hi:t /
•UK / hit /
- noun
- State of anger, excitement, or arguing
- Particular temperature at which to cook something
- High temperature
- One of series of races to find the finalists
- Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
- verb
- To make hot or hotter
horizontally
US / ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəli /
•UK / ˌhɔːrɪˈzɑːntəli /
- adverb
- In a flat or level direction
mammal
US / 'mæml /
•UK / ˈmæməl /
- noun
- Animal which drinks milk from its mother
once
US / wʌns /
•UK / wʌns /
- adverb
- One time; one instance
- At a time in the past
- conjunction
- When; as soon as
safe
US / seɪf /
•UK / sef /
- noun
- Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
- adjecitve
- Highly likely
- Being out of danger
while
US / waɪl /
•UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /
- conjunction
- In spite of the fact that; although
- During the time that; at the same time
- noun
- Short amount of time
underwater
US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /
- adjecitve
- (Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water
clear
US / klɪə(r) /
•UK / klɪr /
- adjecitve
- Empty; without anything in it or on it
- Being certain and without doubt
- Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
- Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
- adverb
- Completely; entirely; through the whole of
- Away from; free from
- verb
- To recover from or remove a problem
- To get rid of the entire contents of
- To give permission for something to happen
- To make a place or surface empty by removing
- To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame
curious
US / ˈkjʊəriəs /
•UK / ˈkjʊriəs /
- adjecitve
- Wanting to know more about something
- Attracting interest by being strange or unusual
next
US / nekst /
•UK / nɛkst /
- adverb
- The one that follows another in time or order
- At a time or place directly after the present one
- noun
- The one that follows after
- adjecitve
- Immediately after the previous one
- First occurrence after the present one
raise
US / reɪz /
•UK / rez /
- noun
- Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
- Pay increase
- verb
- To increase a bet above another when playing cards
- To gather donations for a cause or charity
- To bring up and educate a child to maturity
- To bring a dead person to life
- To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
- To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
- To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
- To increase (salary, etc.)
- To grow or care for plants or animals
alive
US / ə'laɪv /
•UK / əˈlaɪv /
- adjecitve
- Living; not dead
before
US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /
•UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /
- adverb
- At a time earlier than the present; previously
- conjunction
- In advance of something happening
- preposition
- In front of someone or something
bite
US / baɪt /
•UK / baɪt /
- noun
- Amount of food taken into your mouth at one time
- Wound left from being bitten
- verb
- (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught
- To close your teeth onto something, usually to eat
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
part
US / pɑ:t /
•UK / pɑ:rt /
- adjecitve
- To some degree; half; not fully
- noun
- Division of a book
- Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
- A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
- Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
- Some, but not all of a specific thing
- Role in causing something to happen
- verb
- To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
- To move two things apart creating a space
- To leave someone, or to break off a relationship
feed
US / fi:d /
•UK / fid /
- noun
- Food given to animals
- verb
- To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
- To push something through an opening
- To provide necessary supplies to
independently
US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ /
•UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntlɪ /
- adverb
- In a manner being free from the control of another
reptile
US / ˈreptaɪl /
•UK / ˈrɛptɪl, -ˌtaɪl /
- noun
- Animals such as snakes, lizards
instance
US / 'ɪnstəns /
•UK / ˈɪnstəns /
- noun
- An example of something; case
- verb
- To give as an example of something else
muscle
US / 'mʌsl /
•UK / ˈmʌsəl /
- noun
- Physical power
- Body tissue that moves parts of the body
- verb
- To use or muscles of force to get what you want
regain
US / rɪ'ɡeɪn /
•UK / riˈɡen /
- verb
- To get something back that had been lost
settler
US / ˈsetlə(r) /
•UK / ˈsɛtlɚ /
- noun
- Person going to live in an uninhabited region
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
could
US / kəd /
•UK / kʊd /
- other
- Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
- Used to ask for something politely, or to offer
foot
US / fʊt /
•UK / fʊt /
- noun
- Base of something such as a mountain or vase
- Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
- Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on
onto
US / ˈɒntə /
•UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /
- preposition
- Towards a certain direction/into a certain area
see
US / si: /
•UK / si /
- verb
- To go on a date with someone
- To predict whether something is, or will be true
- To understand what someone says
- To use your eyes to look at something
- To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
- To visit or meet with someone
- To find out by waiting or looking
- To watch (a game, movie or TV show)
fertilization
US / ˌfɜ:təlaɪ'zeɪʃn /
•UK / ˌfɚtlɪˈzeʃən /
- noun
- Process of a sperm entering an egg in reproduction
young
US / jʌŋ /
•UK / jʌŋ /
- adjecitve
- At an early stage of existence; not mature
- Being recently created or started
- noun
- Babies in a group or family of animals
end
US / end /
•UK / ɛnd /
- noun
- The point where a process or activity stops
- A point that marks the limit of something; finish
- Goal or desired result
- The tip, edge or limit of something
- verb
- To be the last part of something
undergrowth
US / ˈʌndəgrəʊθ /
•UK / ˈʌndərgroʊθ /
- noun
- Small thick bushes that cover the ground
follow
US / ˈfɔləu /
•UK / ˈfɑlo /
- verb
- To come after someone; be guided by someone
- To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
- To be the logical result of something
- To happen after something else happens
- To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
- To understand something happening or being said
incubate
US / ˈɪŋkjubeɪt /
•UK / ˈɪnkjəˌbet, ˈɪŋ- /
- verb
- To develop something in a particular environment
- To keep (eggs) warm until ready to be hatched
gum
US / ɡʌm /
•UK / ɡʌm /
- noun
- Soft sweet candy you chew
- Flesh inside the mouth that holds the teeth
- Sticky substance that comes out of some trees
- other
- Adhesive material used to stick things together
- verb
- To cover or stick with adhesive
nestling
US / ˈnestlɪŋ /
•UK / ˈnɛstlɪŋ, ˈnɛs- /
- noun
- Young bird that still hasn't left its nest
- verb
- To be sheltered or protected by e.g. trees, hills
- To rest against something that is comfortable
ready
US / 'redɪ /
•UK / ˈrɛdi /
- adjecitve
- Being likely or about to do something
- Being willing to do a task
- verb
- To prepare something for use or action
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
fit
US / fɪt /
•UK / fɪt /
- adjecitve
- Good looking; physically attractive
- Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
- noun
- Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
- verb
- To install a machine, equipment etc.
- To adjust or change to the right size or shape
- To be the right size and shape that you want
lead
US / li:d /
•UK / lid /
- adjecitve
- Being the main part in movies or plays
- noun
- Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- Information that could help to solve a crime
- Main part in a play or movie
- Heavy, gray metal element
- Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
- Act of being at the front in a race or game
- verb
- To show the way or guide others
- To be at the front of a race or game
- To travel in front of; go in advance of others
let
US / let /
•UK / lɛt /
- verb
- To allow someone to do something
- Introducing a suggestion to do something together
- To rent a house, etc. to others
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
summer
US / ˈsʌmə(r) /
•UK / ˈsʌmɚ /
- noun
- Part of the year when the weather is hot
- verb
- To spend time in a place in the warm months
also
US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /
•UK / ˈɔlso /
- adverb
- In addition; too; in a similar way
construct
US / kənˈstrʌkt /
•UK / kənˈstrʌkt /
- noun
- A thought, theory or hypothesis
- verb
- To build or create something
- To create a sentence, story, argument or theory
five
US / faɪv /
•UK / faɪv /
- number
- 5
female
US / 'fi:meɪl /
•UK / ˈfiˌmel /
- adjecitve
- Person of the sex that gives birth to babies
live
US / lɪv /
•UK / liv /
- adjecitve
- Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
- Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
- Glowing because burning; hot
- Not yet killed (for food)
- adverb
- (Music, drama) as it is performed
- verb
- To be alive
- To experience a particular type of life
- To make your home in a house or town
lineage
US / ˈlɪniɪdʒ /
•UK / ˈlɪniɪdʒ /
- noun
- People in someone's family who lived in the past
reciprocate
US / rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt /
•UK / rɪˈsɪprəˌket /
- verb
- To return a favor, compliment etc.
year
US / jə: /
•UK / jɪr /
- noun
- Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
- Used to refer to the age of a person
australian
US / ɒˈstreɪliən /
•UK / ɔˈstreljən /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of Australia
- noun
- People from Australia
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
settle
US / 'setl /
•UK / ˈsɛtl /
- noun
- Type of wooden seat
- verb
- To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
- To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
- To end some troubles by reaching an agreement
- To become accustomed to a new environment
- (Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container
strength
US / streŋθ /
•UK / strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ /
- noun
- Condition of being strong
turn
US / tɜ:n /
•UK / tɚn /
- noun
- Place where changing of direction happens
- Your time or chance to perform a duty
- Your chance to play or do in say a game
- Unexpected change, as in the weather
- verb
- To become (a particular age)
- To become a different quality, color, etc.
- To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
- To move in an opposite direction or position
- To shape metal with a spinning tool
deep
US / di:p /
•UK / dip /
- adjecitve
- Complex and important
- Extreme or intense
- Going far down from the surface
- Low in pitch, as a sound
- adverb
- At a certain distance beneath the surface
mammalian
US / mæ'meɪlɪən /
•UK / mæˈmeljən /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the class of mammals
mate
US / meɪt /
•UK / met /
- noun
- A friend who you work, live, or go to school with
- Partner in a (sexual) relationship
- One of a matched pair e.g. a shoe or glove
- A kind of officer on a ship
- other
- Person your wish to, or are married to
- verb
- To pair a male and female so they have children
- To join or fit two things together
nipple
US / ˈnɪpl /
•UK / ˈnɪpəl /
- noun
- Part of a breast; (on a woman) part baby sucks
wane
US / weɪn /
•UK / wen /
- verb
- To become smaller, weaker or less
antibacterial
US / ˌæntibækˈtɪəriəl /
•UK / ˌæntibækˈtɪriəl /
- adjecitve
- Of chemicals that destroy/lessen bacteria
body
US / ˈbɒd.i /
•UK / ˈbɑdi /
- noun
- An object distinct from other objects
- A group of people involved in an activity together
- Main part of something
- A person's physical self
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed
nest
US / nest /
•UK / nɛst /
- noun
- Home, e.g. of twigs, made by a bird, insect etc.
- Things designed to fit together
- Place where you feel secure; home or own room
- verb
- To create or live in a nest
- To fit together, inside or around each other