Subtitles section
Repeat sentence
Subtitles mode
Full screen
Previous
Next
x 1.0
Playback speed
More

Mysteries of vernacular: Venom - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

Video vocabulary

venenum

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1

shift

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃɪft /

UK / ʃɪft /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
  • noun
  • A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
  • Period of work starting at a certain time
  • verb
  • To change in position or direction
  • To move something from one place to another

distinction

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈstɪŋkʃn /

UK / dɪˈstɪŋkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Special quality that makes something different
  • A prize of award for a high level of achievement

aphrodite

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌæfrəˈdaɪti: /

UK / ˌæfrəˈdaɪti /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The goddess of beauty, fertility, and sexual love. She is variously described as the daughter of Zeu

strike

Copy vocabulary

US / straɪk /

UK / straɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • A punch or hit
  • Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
  • Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
  • verb
  • To hit something
  • To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
  • To have an idea occur to you

secrete

Copy vocabulary

US / sɪ'kri:t /

UK / sɪˈkrit /

B1
  • verb
  • To hide something so it will not be seen or found
  • To produce a liquid from a bodily organ

describe

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

fluid

Copy vocabulary

US / 'flu:ɪd /

UK / ˈfluɪd /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
  • Able to move smoothly or gracefully
  • Changing often and without warning
  • noun
  • Liquid that flows smoothly, such as water

transmit

Copy vocabulary

US / trænsˈmɪt /

UK / trænsˈmɪt, trænz- /

B1
  • other
  • To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
  • verb
  • To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
  • To transfer data from one machine to another
  • To allow the passage of light
  • To transfer money to another person or place
  • To transfer a disease between people
  • To transfer to other people e.g. ownership of car

from

Copy vocabulary

US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

over

Copy vocabulary

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

perhaps

Copy vocabulary

US / pəˈhæps /

UK / pɚˈhæps /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

Copy vocabulary

US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

amore

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌeɪˈmɒrəl /

UK / ˌeɪˈmɔ:rəl /

A1

solely

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsəʊlli:, ˈsəʊli: /

UK / ˈsolli, ˈsoli /

B1
  • adverb
  • With no one or nothing else

rather

Copy vocabulary

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Somewhat; fairly; not that much

typically

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a normal or usual way

and

Copy vocabulary

US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

milieu

Copy vocabulary

US / mi:'ljɜ: /

UK / mi:'ljə: /

C1
  • noun
  • Background in which something develops

come

Copy vocabulary

US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

distance

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dɪstəns /

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Lack of friendliness toward another person
  • Amount of space between two places or things
  • verb
  • To make it clear that you are not involved

ruby

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ru:bɪ /

UK / ˈrubi /

B2
  • noun
  • Very valuable dark red gemstone

become

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

potion

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpəʊʃn /

UK / ˈpoʊʃn /

C1
  • noun
  • Drink said to have a magic effect

reviewer

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪˈvju:ə(r) /

UK / rɪˈvjuɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • One writing their opinion of plays, books etc.

apply

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'plaɪ /

UK / əˈplaɪ /

A1
  • verb
  • To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
  • To commit your time and effort to doing something
  • To make something useful in a certain situation
  • To be relevant for a situation
  • To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

desire

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'zaɪə(r) /

UK / dɪˈzaɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Thing that is wished for or wanted
  • verb
  • To wish for, hope or want something

not

Copy vocabulary

US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

mythology

Copy vocabulary

US / mɪˈθɒlədʒi /

UK / mɪˈθɑ:lədʒi /

B2
  • noun
  • Myths of a particular culture or group of people
  • Popular ideas or beliefs not unsupported by facts

goddess

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈgɒdes /

UK / ˈgɑ:dəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Woman worshipped because of her special powers
  • Religion supernatural being with special powers

definition

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn /

UK / ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of word's meaning, as in dictionaries
  • The sharpness of an image on a screen
  • Visual clearness in a photo or on a screen

now

Copy vocabulary

US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

concoction

Copy vocabulary

US / kənˈkɒkʃn /

UK / kənˈkɑ:kʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • Something combining different ingredients, parts

andrea

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈændriə /

UK / ˈændriə /

A1

know

Copy vocabulary

US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

pharmacist

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfɑ:məsɪst /

UK / ˈfɑrməsɪst /

B1
  • noun
  • Health professional trained to dispense medicine

bite

Copy vocabulary

US / baɪt /

UK / baɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of food taken into your mouth at one time
  • Wound left from being bitten
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught
  • To close your teeth onto something, usually to eat

investigation

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn /

UK / ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Search for information about something

vile

Copy vocabulary

US / vaɪl /

UK / vaɪl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very bad or unpleasant; disgusting

amiable

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eɪmɪəbl /

UK / ˈemiəbəl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Friendly and agreeable

hathor

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A sky goddess, the patron of love and joy, represented variously as a cow, with a cow's head or ears

with

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

history

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Established pattern or record
  • Study of past events as an academic subject

roman

Copy vocabulary

US / rɔmə /

UK / roˈmɑŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A resident of modern Rome
  • other
  • A typeface used in ancient Roman inscriptions
  • An inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire
  • Characteristic of the modern type that most directly represents the type used in ancient Roman inscr
  • Of or relating to or supporting Romanism
  • Relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

deadly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdedli /

UK / ˈdɛdli /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing or capable of causing death
  • Being very accurate

love

Copy vocabulary

US / lʌv /

UK / lʌv /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A very strong feeling of affection
  • The person you care very deeply about
  • Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
  • verb
  • To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
  • To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
  • To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

strive

Copy vocabulary

US / straɪv /

UK / straɪv /

B2
  • verb
  • To work hard/make effort to achieve something

root

Copy vocabulary

US / ru:t /

UK / rut, rʊt /

A2
  • noun
  • Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
  • The origin or starting place of something
  • A number that is multiplied by itself
  • Part of plant growing underground, as to get water
  • Part of tooth, hair etc. from which the rest grows
  • Base part of a word to which affixes can be added
  • verb
  • To cause a plant to develop or grow roots
  • (Animals) to search for e.g. food in earth
  • To stop someone moving, as through fear

than

Copy vocabulary

US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

patient

Copy vocabulary

US / 'peɪʃnt /

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
  • noun
  • Person who receives medical treatment or care

wish

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪʃ /

UK / wɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Expression of a hope for something in the future
  • verb
  • To want something to happen or to become true

snake

Copy vocabulary

US / sneɪk /

UK / snek /

B1
  • noun
  • An animal with a long body, no arms or legs
  • verb
  • To move like a snake
  • To wind in a long path like the shape of a snake

this

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

Copy vocabulary

US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

intense

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪn'tens /

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very strong, great or extreme in degree

also

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

surprisingly

Copy vocabulary

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

egyptian

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'dʒɪpʃn /

UK / ɪˈdʒɪpʃən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Egypt
  • noun
  • Person from Egypt

physical

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the body of a person
  • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
  • noun
  • Health check at the doctors' or hospital

the

Copy vocabulary

US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

medicine

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmedsn /

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Something used in treating illness or pain
  • Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

vernacular

Copy vocabulary

US / vəˈnækjələ(r) /

UK / vərˈnækjələ(r) /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Commonly spoken by the ordinary local people

original

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
  • Being unique or thinking differently from others

bring

Copy vocabulary

US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

slight

Copy vocabulary

US / slaɪt /

UK / slaɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Small (amount, quality)
  • Appearing thin, delicate and physically weak
  • noun
  • Rude and disrepectful treatment
  • verb
  • To ignore or treat rudely and with no respect

venom

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvenəm /

UK / ˈvɛnəm /

B2
  • noun
  • Poison, e.g. one produced by plant or animal
  • Strong anger or hate shown by being unpleasant

bit

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

pleasant

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pleznt /

UK / ˈplɛzənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing a good feeling
  • Being polite or friendly

evoke

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'vəʊk /

UK / ɪˈvok /

B1
  • verb
  • To bring forth a certain feeling or memory

wen

Copy vocabulary

US / wen /

UK / wen /

A1
  • noun
  • Common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that

animal

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈænɪml /

UK / ˈænəməl /

A1
  • noun
  • A living creature that is not a plant or person

modern

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɔdən /

UK / ˈmɑdən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

sting

Copy vocabulary

US / stɪŋ /

UK / stɪŋ /

B1
  • verb
  • To be aroused to anger or action
  • To cause a sharp pain to

for

Copy vocabulary

US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

Copy vocabulary

US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

greek

Copy vocabulary

US / gri:k /

UK / ɡrik /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Greece
  • noun
  • Person from Greece

source

Copy vocabulary

US / sɔ:s /

UK / sɔrs, sors /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
  • noun
  • Piece of information; a person giving information
  • Place from which something necessary comes
  • verb
  • To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

specifically

Copy vocabulary

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

A2
  • adverb
  • As regards a particular thing; closely related to
  • In particular

within

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

under

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

generate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

A2
  • verb
  • To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • To create electricity, heat, energy and power

poisonous

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpɔɪzənəs /

UK / ˈpɔɪzənəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Harmful; unfriendly; unpleasant
  • Causing sickness or death when eaten or drunk

mystery

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɪstri /

UK / ˈmɪstəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Quality of being strange and not understood
  • Book, play, or film about solving a strange crime
  • Something that is not known

begin

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

transcriber

Copy vocabulary

US / træns'kraɪbə /

UK / træns'kraɪbə /

B2
  • noun
  • Someone making a written version of spoken text

eventually

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

like

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

Copy vocabulary

US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

reaction

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'ækʃn /

UK / riˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
  • Feeling or action in response to something

emerge

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

A2
  • verb
  • To rise or appear out of some background

mean

Copy vocabulary

US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

venus

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈviːnəs /

UK / ˈviːnəs /

A1
  • other
  • The second nearest planet to the sun; it is peculiar in that its rotation is slow and retrograde (in
  • Type genus of the family Veneridae: genus of edible clams with thick oval shells

number

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tailor

Copy vocabulary

US / 'teɪlə(r) /

UK / ˈtelɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Person who makes men's clothes by hand
  • verb
  • To make or alter to fit a certain purpose

shortening

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʃɔ:tnɪŋ /

UK / ˈʃɔrtnɪŋ, ˈʃɔrtnɪŋ /

B1
  • verb
  • To make something, e.g. a skirt, shorter

win

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪn /

UK / wɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Success in beating the other team or competitors
  • Success in a game or contest
  • verb
  • To get something as a prize because of a success
  • To gain something you want because of your efforts
  • To succeed in a game or contest
  • Subtitles section
  • Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby Mysteries of vernacular: Venom, the poisonous fluid secreted by animals, like snakes and scorpions, typically transmitted by bite or sting.
  • As vile as the word is now, the history of venom begins with the pleasant Indo-European root wen, which meant to desire or strive for.
  • Perhaps, not surprisingly, wen also generated a number of amiable modern words, like win or wish.
  • Wenes, a form of the original root, was tailored to the mythology of the time, and applied to the Roman goddess of love, Venus, known to the Greeks as Aphrodite and to the Egyptians as Hathor.
  • From this milieu of amore, the word wenesom emerged, meaning love potion.
  • Over time, wenesom became venenum, a word that specifically described potions or medicines that evoked intense physical reactions from the patient.
  • The definition of venenum eventually narrowed to refer solely to poisonous concoctions, a shift that puts us within striking distance of the word under investigation.
  • A bit of shortening and a slight distinction in source brings us to venom, a deadly fluid that comes from a snake rather than a pharmacist.