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Natural Alternatives to DEET Mosquito Repellent

Video vocabulary

concede

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US / kən'si:d /

UK / kənˈsid /

B2
  • verb
  • To admit that something is true

deadly

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US / ˈdedli /

UK / ˈdɛdli /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing or capable of causing death
  • Being very accurate

editorial

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US / ˌedɪˈtɔ:riəl /

UK / ˌɛdɪˈtɔriəl, -ˈtor- /

A2
  • noun
  • Article giving the opinion of a newspaper

invent

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US / ɪnˈvent /

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To create something such as a story or excuse
  • To create something useful for the first time

phone

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US / fəʊn /

UK / foʊn /

A2
  • noun
  • Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
  • verb
  • To talk to someone using a telephone

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

brief

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US / bri:f /

UK / brif /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of period of time) short; using few words
  • noun
  • Information and instructions given for a meeting
  • verb
  • To give information/instructions before a meeting

chemical

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US / ˈkemɪkl /

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made of various elements
  • noun
  • Basic substance produced by mixing elements

effective

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US / ɪˈfektɪv /

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working efficiently to produce a desired result

essential

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US / ɪ'senʃl /

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Extremely or most important and necessary

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

nuisance

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US / ˈnju:sns /

UK / ˈnu:sns /

B1
  • noun
  • A troublesome or annoying person or thing

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

odour

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US / ˈəʊdə(r) /

UK / ˈodɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • A certain smell, often strong or distinct

garlic

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US / 'ɡɑ:lɪk /

UK / ˈɡɑrlɪk /

B2
  • noun
  • Strong-smelling white bulb used in cooking

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

synthetic

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US / sɪnˈθetɪk /

UK / sɪnˈθɛtɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Not natural; made from artificial materials

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

dosage

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US / ˈdəʊsɪdʒ /

UK / ˈdosɪdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • Measured amount of medicine or drug

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

therefore

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US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

A1
  • adverb
  • And so; for that reason

woman

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US / ˈwʊmən /

UK / ˈwʊmən /

A1
  • noun
  • Adult female human being

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

eyeglass

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US / ˈaɪɡlɑːs /

UK / ˈaɪɡlæs /

A1
  • other
  • Lens for correcting defective vision in one eye; held in place by facial muscles

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

little

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US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

mention

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US / 'menʃn /

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of referring to or talking about something
  • verb
  • To refer to or talk or write about something

natural

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US / ˈnætʃərəl /

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • Not made by humans; without human intervention

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

vomit

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US / ˈvɒmɪt /

UK / ˈvɑ:mɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Food coming back up from stomach, due to illness
  • verb
  • To bring (blood, etc.) up and out of mouth

pepper

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US / ˈpepə(r) /

UK / ˈpɛpɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To spread around randomly, as with bullets
  • noun
  • Green, red, or yellow vegetable with hollow center
  • Hard covering of berries used as spices

attraction

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US / ə'trækʃn /

UK / əˈtrækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Theme park or fairground; place worth visiting
  • The act of making someone become interested in

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

enter

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US / 'entə(r) /

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To start a career or an education
  • To become a competitor in a contest
  • To add or type information in a computer
  • To go into a room, building etc.

oral

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US / ˈɔ:rəl /

UK / ˈɔrəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the mouth
  • Spoken text

seven

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US / ˈsevn /

UK / ˈsɛvən /

A1
  • number
  • Number 7

significant

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
  • Having meaning; important; noticeable
  • (Statistics) being clearly different

child

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US / tʃaɪld /

UK / tʃaɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • A very young person, between about 2 and 15

prevent

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US / prɪ'vent /

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop something from happening or existing

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

bean

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US / bi:n /

UK / bin /

A2
  • noun
  • Large seed eaten as a vegetable

compare

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US / kəm'peə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

A1
  • verb
  • To consider how similar and different things are

pick

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US / pɪk /

UK / pɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
  • Item selected from a group of choices
  • verb
  • To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
  • To decide on a thing from various choices; select
  • To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

effectiveness

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US / ɪˌfek'tɪvnɪs /

UK / əˈfɛktɪvnɪs /

B2
  • noun
  • Degree of how well something works or is done

perform

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US / pə'fɔ:m /

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

A1
  • verb
  • To carry out an action well or successfully
  • To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

apply

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US / ə'plaɪ /

UK / əˈplaɪ /

A1
  • verb
  • To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
  • To commit your time and effort to doing something
  • To make something useful in a certain situation
  • To be relevant for a situation
  • To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

despite

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US / dɪˈspaɪt /

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

A2
  • preposition
  • Without being affected by something; in spite of

least

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US / li:st /

UK / list /

A1
  • adverb
  • In the smallest or lowest way
  • noun
  • Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

asterisk

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US / 'æstərɪsk /

UK / ˈæstəˌrɪsk /

C1
  • noun
  • The mark *

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

specie

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US / 'spi:ʃi: /

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Singular of species

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

deet

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US / 'di:t /

UK / di:t /

A1
  • noun
  • A brand of diethyltoluamide, a colorless oily liquid with a mild odor, used as an insect repellent.

eye

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US / aɪ /

UK / aɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • The part of the body that you see with
  • The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
  • Hole at the end of a needle
  • verb
  • To watch or study something closely

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

poison

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US / ˈpɔɪzn /

UK / ˈpɔɪzən /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance that can kill when eaten/drunk
  • verb
  • To affect something in a very negative way
  • To hurt or kill with a dangerous substance

reaction

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US / rɪ'ækʃn /

UK / riˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
  • Feeling or action in response to something

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

family

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US / 'fæməlɪ /

UK / ˈfæmli /

A1
  • noun
  • Close group of people or organizations
  • A group of people who are related through blood
  • Group of related plants or animals

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

practice

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US / 'præktɪs /

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • The office and place for legal or medical work
  • Doing something many times to become better at it
  • verb
  • To work as a doctor or lawyer
  • To live according to the teachings of a religion
  • To do something many times to improve a skill

suppose

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US / sə'pəʊz /

UK / səˈpoʊz /

A2
  • conjunction
  • What if
  • verb
  • To imagine or guess what might happen

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

formulation

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US / ˌfɔ:mjʊ'leɪʃn /

UK / ˌfɔrmjəˈleʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Development of a plan, system, or proposal

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

primarily

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US / praɪˈmerəli /

UK / praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In the most basic or important way

advise

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US / ədˈvaɪz /

UK / ædˈvaɪz /

A2
  • verb
  • To suggest what would be helpful

cause

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US / kɔ:z /

UK / kɔz /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • Reason for
  • verb
  • To make something happen; create effect or result

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

physician

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US / fɪˈzɪʃn /

UK / fɪˈzɪʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • A medical doctor

roughly

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US / ˈrʌfli /

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
  • In a manner that is violent or not careful
  • In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
  • In a basic, simple manner

cell

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US / sel /

UK / sɛl /

A2
  • noun
  • Smallest unit of living things in biology
  • Group of people - often from a secret organization
  • Prisoner's room in a jail
  • Shortened form of 'cellphone'

gizmo

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US / ˈgɪzməʊ /

UK / ˈɡɪzmo /

A1
  • noun
  • Used to describe a name is forgotten or unknown

recommend

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US / ˌrekə'mend /

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To advise or suggest that someone do something

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

minor

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US / 'maɪnə(r) /

UK / ˈmaɪnɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not so large in size; not important or valuable
  • An interval a half tone smaller than its major
  • noun
  • Subject studied in college, but not the main one
  • Someone too young to be legally responsible

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

age

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US / eɪdʒ /

UK / edʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • To get older
  • noun
  • Period of time in history
  • Number of years a person or thing has lived

beat

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US / bi:t /

UK / bit /

A2
  • noun
  • Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
  • verb
  • To move in regular motions in order to push blood
  • To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
  • To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
  • To play a drum
  • To win against another person or team; defeat

fail

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US / feɪl /

UK / fel /

A1
  • noun
  • A mark on a test showing you did not pass
  • verb
  • To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
  • To not do or provide something that is needed
  • To stop working or functioning; to break down
  • To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

redness

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US / rednəs /

UK / rednəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of red color in an object

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

repellent

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US / rɪˈpelənt /

UK / rɪˈpɛlənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Making or forcing someone or something go away
  • Spray used to get rid of bugs

widely

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US / ˈwaɪdli /

UK / ˈwaɪdlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • To a large degree; over a large range
  • By or among a large number of people

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

afford

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US / ə'fɔ:d /

UK / əˈfɔrd, əˈford /

A2
  • verb
  • To make available, to provide
  • To have enough money to pay for something

associate

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US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Part of a job title indicating a junior position
  • noun
  • Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
  • verb
  • To spend time with other people; mix with
  • To form a connection in your mind between things

electronic

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US / ɪˌlek'trɒnɪk /

UK / ɪlɛkˈtrɑnɪk, ˌilɛk- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Operating by use of electricity; digital

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

ingestion

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US / ɪndʒɛstʃən /

UK / ɪnˈdʒɛstʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of taking in food or drink into your body

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

persistence

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US / pəˈsɪstəns /

UK / pərˈsɪstəns /

C1
  • noun
  • Determination to keep doing even if it is hard

unquestionably

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US / ʌn'kwestʃənəblɪ /

UK / ʌnˈkwɛstʃənəblɪ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • With certainty

component

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US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

UK / kəmˈponənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being a part of something
  • noun
  • One of the parts that something is made up of

eat

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US / i:t /

UK / it /

A1
  • verb
  • To put food in your mouth

matter

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US / 'mætə(r) /

UK / ˈmætɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Material all things are made of that fills space
  • Problem or reason for concern
  • verb
  • To be of great importance; to count

safe

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US / seɪf /

UK / sef /

A2
  • noun
  • Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
  • adjecitve
  • Highly likely
  • Being out of danger

toxic

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US / ˈtɒksɪk /

UK / ˈtɑksɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Poisonous; harmful
  • (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict

acceptable

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US / əkˈseptəbl /

UK / ækˈsɛptəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Satisfactory; good enough

consumer

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US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who buys goods or services

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

report

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US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Account of the necessary facts and information
  • The telling of news in the media
  • Official statement about something
  • verb
  • To submit a report or bill to the government
  • To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
  • To state something officially
  • To officially present yourself to an authority
  • To describe something by telling it to others

spearmint

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US / ˈspɪəmɪnt /

UK / ˈspɪrmɪnt /

C2
  • noun
  • Common garden mint herb

dramatic

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US / drəˈmætɪk /

UK / drəˈmætɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Gripping the attention; causing an effect
  • (Of an event) sudden and extreme

wonder

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US / 'wʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
  • verb
  • To feel curious about something
  • To think or consider about something over time

unintentional

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US / ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənl /

UK / ˌʌnɪnˈtɛnʃənəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Without deliberate intent; accidental

compound

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US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a term) created by combining two or more words
  • noun
  • Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
  • Chemical made up of several others
  • Closed walled area, as in a prison
  • Something formed by combining elements/parts
  • Term created by using two or more words together
  • verb
  • To pay interest on a loan including the interest
  • To make something from various parts or components
  • To make a mistake or problem worse

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

melt

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US / melt /

UK / mɛlt /

B1
  • verb
  • To disappear or to go away
  • To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
  • To become liquid through heating

irritation

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US / ˌɪrɪ'teɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪrɪˈteʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Feeling or state of being annoyed or upset
  • Something that disturbs, angers, or upsets someone
  • Feeling of pain and soreness on a part of the body

necessarily

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US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

land

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US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

lower

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US / 'ləʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position more near the bottom
  • verb
  • To move something downward to the ground

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

test

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US / test /

UK / test /

A1
  • noun
  • A medical examination
  • Action to establish the truth or nature of
  • Examination; questions to measure knowledge
  • verb
  • To be given a medical examination
  • To try to establish the truth or nature of
  • To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

black

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US / blæk /

UK / blæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of the sky on a dark night
  • noun
  • A person with dark skin, often of African origin
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To fill in something to make it a very dark color

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

field

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US / fi:ld /

UK / fild /

A1
  • noun
  • Area of study, such as physics or biology
  • Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
  • Open area of land, especially without buildings
  • Grassed area where you play some sports
  • verb
  • To respond to something or answer a question
  • To catch or stop a ball during a game

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

protection

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US / prəˈtekʃn /

UK / prəˈtɛkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Being kept from harm
  • Something that defends against harm or danger

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

oil

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US / ɔɪl /

UK / ɔɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • A liquid used for frying foods
  • Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
  • verb
  • To add a liquid for frying foods
  • To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

overall

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US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

botanical

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US / bəˈtænɪkl /

UK / bəˈtænɪkəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning plants or botany

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

occur

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US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

UK / əˈkɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To come to pass or to happen

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

unpleasant

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US / ʌnˈpleznt /

UK / ʌnˈplɛzənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing a bad feeling in people
  • Being unfriendly; not nice

efficacy

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US / ˈefɪkəsi /

UK / ˈɛfɪkəsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Ability to produce a desired outcome

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

lemon

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US / 'lemən /

UK / ˈlɛmən /

B2
  • noun
  • Badly made or poorly functioning product
  • Small yellow fruit with sour juice

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2
  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
  • To make something smaller in size, amount, level

tree

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US / tri: /

UK / tri /

A1
  • noun
  • Tall green plants in a forest

ward

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US / wɔ:d /

UK / wɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Child legally protected and cared for by a court
  • Section or part of a town or city
  • Separate part or area of a hospital

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

sensation

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US / sen'seɪʃn /

UK / sɛnˈseʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • (Person) attracting the interest of many people
  • Mental feeling caused by a previous experience
  • A feeling experienced by the body e.g. touch

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

superior

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US / su:'pɪərɪə(r) /

UK / sʊˈpɪriɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Better; higher quality
  • noun
  • The senior person in a monastic community
  • Person of higher rank than you

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

frame

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US / freɪm /

UK / frem /

A2
  • noun
  • Structure that holds a picture or photo
  • A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
  • Main part of structures supporting the other parts
  • verb
  • To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
  • To put say or write something in a careful way
  • To put a picture in a protective structure

journal

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US / ˈdʒə:nl /

UK / ˈdʒɚnəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A diary; record of what you do every day
  • Magazine of academic papers

strychnine

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US / ˈstrɪkniːn /

UK / ˈstrɪkniːn /

A1
  • noun
  • Alkaloid plant toxin; a poison

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

experiment

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US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
  • verb
  • To create and perform tests to research something
  • To try something new that you haven't tried before

skin

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US / skɪn /

UK / skɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
  • Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
  • Outer layer of an animal or human
  • Outer part of an object, such as a plane
  • verb
  • To defeat someone easily and completely
  • To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
  • To remove the outer covering from an animal

aggressive

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US / əˈgresɪv /

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
  • Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

clean

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US / kli:n /

UK / klin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not marked in any way; blank
  • Done according to the rules or standards; fair
  • Free from disease or sickness
  • Being free from dirt or marks; washed
  • Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely
  • verb
  • To make free from dirt or marks; washed
  • To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
  • To remove the inner parts of an animal

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

rare

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US / reə(r) /

UK / rɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
  • Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

ten

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US / ten /

UK / tɛn /

A1
  • number
  • 10

inferior

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US / ɪnˈfɪəriə(r) /

UK / ɪnˈfɪriɚ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being of little importance or worth
  • Of lower status; not powerful or rich
  • Not as good as something else
  • noun
  • Person of lower status

medicine

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US / ˈmedsn /

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Something used in treating illness or pain
  • Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

severe

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US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

UK / səˈvɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very bad; harsh
  • Being very serious or extremely bad
  • (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

result

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US / rɪ'zʌlt /

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something produced through tests or experiments
  • Final score of a competition, election or game
  • verb
  • To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

evidence

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US / 'evɪdəns /

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

list

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US / lɪst /

UK / lɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Lean of a boat to one side
  • Series of written names, words or numbers
  • verb
  • To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
  • To present for sale for a specific price
  • To write a series of names, words, or numbers

manifest

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US / 'mænɪfest /

UK / ˈmænəˌfɛst /

B1
  • noun
  • List of cargo on a ship
  • verb
  • To express or show clearly

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

prevention

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US / prɪˈvenʃn /

UK / prɪˈvɛnʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of stopping something bad from happening

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

peppermint

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US / ˈpepəmɪnt /

UK / ˈpepərmɪnt /

C1
  • noun
  • A mint candy
  • Herb that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

complete

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US / kəm'pli:t /

UK / kəmˈplit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being finished; done; achieved
  • Being as perfect and as total as could be
  • verb
  • To finish or reach the end of doing something

lemongrass

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US / /

UK / /

B2
  • noun
  • Lemony-tasting grass used to flavor cooking

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

pregnant

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US / ˈpregnənt /

UK / ˈprɛɡnənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Carrying your unborn baby inside you

relatively

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US / ˈrelətɪvli /

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a manner comparing something to something else

see

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  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
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citronella

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C2
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  • Lemon-scented plant used to keep mosquitoes away

before

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bite

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have

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last

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six

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without

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peek

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young

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with

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cinnamon

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  • Introduction to Video Content
  • Natural Alternatives to DEET Mosquito Repellent
    DEET has long been considered the most effective mosquito repellent, backed by a study published in the Journal of Family Practice. In fact, it is often the only repellent recommended by physicians, with no other repellent coming close in terms of efficacy. It is hard to imagine any other repellent surpassing it.
    However, there have been some rare reports of severe reactions to DEET, as well as concerns about its ability to melt plastics such as eyeglass frames and cell phone components. Additionally, many consumers find the odor and sensation of DEET on their skin unpleasant.
    That's where picaridin comes in. Studies have shown that picaridin is just as effective as DEET when applied at the same dosage, with some evidence suggesting that it may even have superior persistence. Unlike DEET, picaridin does not have the iridescency, odor, or plastic-melting properties. In fact, Consumer Reports named picaridin as the best overall insect repellent.
    However, it is important to note that the concentration of picaridin matters. A 20% picaridin product performed exceptionally well, while a 5% concentration was one of the worst performing products.
    In terms of toxicity, adverse effects primarily manifest as eye irritation, redness, vomiting, and oral irritation. However, it should be emphasized that picaridin is not meant to be ingested or sprayed in the eyes. Even unintentional ingestion has been associated with only minor toxicity.
    What about electronic mosquito repellent devices? Ten studies found no difference in the number of mosquitoes landing on people with or without these devices. Furthermore, field experiments have shown that these devices have no effect on preventing mosquito bites.
    While picaridin is a synthetic chemical, it is worth exploring natural alternatives. However, it is important to remember that just because something is natural does not automatically make it safe.
  • Subtitles section
  • Deet has been considered the most effective mosquito repellent.
  • Unquestionably, read this editorial in the Journal of Family Practice, it should be the only mosquito repellent recommended by physicians, with no other repellent coming close.
  • Given the dramatic efficacy, it's hard to concede that any other repellent would ever beat it.
  • However, there are some rare reports of severe reactions to Deet, not to mention the fact that it can melt plastics like eyeglass frames and cell phone components, and many consumers find the odor and sensation on the skin unpleasant.
  • Enter picaridin.
  • Overall, studies have shown little difference between Deet and picaridin applied at the same dosage, with some evidence pointing to a superior persistence for picaridin, all without the iridescency, odor,
  • And melted glasses.
  • No wonder it got Consumer Reports' pick for the best overall insect repellent.
  • Note that concentration matters.
  • Their 20% picaridin product topped the list, but at 5% it was one of their worst performing products.
  • Any toxicity?
  • Adverse effects when occurring primarily manifested as eye irritation, redness, vomiting, and oral irritation, but of course you're not supposed to eat it or spray it in your eyes.
  • But even unintentional ingestion was associated only with relatively minor toxicity.
  • What about the electronic mosquito repellent gizmos?
  • Ten studies done in all ten found that there was no difference in the number of mosquitoes landing on people with or without the gizmos, and experiments out in the field confirm no effect on preventing mosquito bites.
  • Picaridin was roughly based on a black pepper compound, but like Deet, is a synthetic chemical.
  • Are there any natural repellents?
  • Of course, just because something is natural doesn't mean it's necessarily safe.
  • Strychnine is a natural product of the strychnine tree, and ricin from caster beans is 10,000 times deadlier still.
  • In fact, the top ten most toxic poisons are all natural.
  • But let's look at the mosquito repellent effects of about 20 essential oils compared to a placebo-controlled group and to Deet.
  • The asterisks point to the significant results, so here's a cleaner peek.
  • As you can see, only five had any lasting effect at all.
  • Peppermint and lemongrass oil were effective for 30 minutes.
  • Spearmint and garlic oil started working, but didn't even last that long.
  • Cinnamon oil, though, reduced mosquito attraction for one and a half hours.
  • The remaining essential oils had no significant effect on mosquito attraction at any time point, and this includes citronella.
  • Citronella was the most widely used repellent before Deet was invented, and it's still used today in many formulations despite inferior efficacy.
  • At lower concentrations, it may only last a few minutes, and at higher concentrations, citronella can cause skin irritation.
  • Compared to a complete protection time of six hours for Deet, citronella may only last 10 and a half minutes.
  • Therefore, citronella may be acceptable for brief exposure to nuisance mosquitoes, but it is not advised for protection if you really can't afford to get bit.
  • Essential oils, read this Family Medicine Journal editorial, have no effectiveness and are not recommended.
  • But that was before we learned about lemon eucalyptus, the only plant-based repellent recommended by the CDC, though should not be used by pregnant women or children younger than three years of age.
  • Consumer Reports listed it as one of their top three picks, warding off mosquitoes and ticks for at least seven hours.
  • All the other botanical products they tested failed, but 40% lemon eucalyptus was shown to prevent bites for 47 hours after application for aggressive species of mosquitoes, and for greater than 12 hours for less aggressive mosquitoes,
  • A period of prevention greater than at least a 10% Deet repellent.