Chemistry & Corpses: The Science of Bog Bodies
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
our
US / 'aʊə(r) /
•UK / aʊr /
- determiner
- Belonging to us
vegetation
US / ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn /
•UK / ˌvɛdʒɪˈteʃən /
- noun
- (Of plants) to grow in an area (without humans)
- Plants in general or those growing in one area
survive
US / sə'vaɪv /
•UK / sɚˈvaɪv /
- verb
- To continue to live despite illness or trouble
behaviour
US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /
•UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /
- noun
- The way a person or thing acts; manner
US / 'feɪsbʊk /
•UK / 'feɪsbʊk /
- intransitive verb
- Spend time using the social media application Facebook.
internal
US / inˈtə:nəl /
•UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /
- adjecitve
- Being or happening in the body
- Being, happening in a country, state, organization
- Within or inside; interior; not external
subscribe
US / səb'skraɪb /
•UK / səbˈskraɪb /
- verb
- To regularly pay to receive a service
fuel
US / 'fju:əl /
•UK / ˈfjuəl /
- noun
- Material used to produce heat or power when burned
- verb
- To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
- To provide gas or petrol for something
moss
US / mɒs /
•UK / mɔs,mɑs /
- noun
- Soft green plant which grows on trees and stones
want
US / wɔnt /
•UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /
- noun
- Something you desire or wish for
- State or condition of poverty
- verb
- To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing
brother
US / ˈbrʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈbrʌðɚ /
- noun
- A boy or man who shares a parent with you
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
nearly
US / ˈniəli /
•UK / ˈnɪrli /
- adverb
- Not completely; almost
skeleton
US / ˈskelɪtn /
•UK / ˈskɛlɪtn /
- adjecitve
- Outline of the basic of main part of something
- noun
- Structure of bones that supports the body
- Frame that provides support for e.g. a building
- Extremely bony or thin person or animal
bone
US / bəʊn /
•UK / bon /
- noun
- Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
- verb
- To remove bones from meat or fish
bury
US / 'berɪ /
•UK / ˈbɛri /
- verb
- To put something into the ground and cover it
neck
US / nek /
•UK / nɛk /
- noun
- Part of the body joining the head and the body
- Opening of a piece of clothing for your head
- verb
- (Lovers) to play affectionately; kissing
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
especially
US / ɪˈspeʃəli /
•UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /
- adverb
- More than usual; extremely
good
US / ɡʊd /
•UK / ɡʊd /
- adjecitve
- Proper, appropriate or right
- (Of an amount) enough; plenty
- Excellent; high quality
- Acting well or properly; of moral character
- In a positive or happy emotional state
- noun
- Advantage or benefit
generally
US / /
•UK / /
- adverb
- Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people
subscriber
US / səbˈskraɪbə(r) /
•UK / səbˈskraɪbər /
- noun
- Person who pays a (monthly) fee to get a service
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
base
US / beɪs /
•UK / bes /
- noun
- Place military personnel live, train, and operate
- Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
- Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
- Most important idea or ingredient to add others
- Origin or start from which something came
- Main place where an organization or a person works
- verb
- To use as the starting point or origin for
- To have as the main location for (company, etc.)
lot
US / lɒt /
•UK / lɑt /
- noun
- What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- A group of people seen together
- Item for sale at an auction
- Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking
hair
US / heə(r) /
•UK / her /
- noun
- Long thin strands growing on your head or body
- Short distance; a very small amount
vinegar
US / ˈvɪnɪgə(r) /
•UK / ˈvɪnɪɡɚ /
- noun
- Sharp-tasting liquid made from sour wine, malt etc.
any
US / 'enɪ /
•UK / ˈɛni /
- adjecitve
- One, or some, no matter which
- pronoun
- One (thing) of many; some
layer
US / ˈleiə /
•UK / ˈleɚ /
- noun
- One of several sheets of a material or object
- verb
- To put things one on top of another
local
US / ˈləʊkl /
•UK / ˈloʊkl /
- adjecitve
- Relating to a particular area, city, or town
- noun
- Bus or train, that stops at most stations
- People who live in the area being discussed
- The pub you most frequently go to
skin
US / skɪn /
•UK / skɪn /
- noun
- Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
- Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
- Outer layer of an animal or human
- Outer part of an object, such as a plane
- verb
- To defeat someone easily and completely
- To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
- To remove the outer covering from an animal
think
US / θɪŋk /
•UK / θɪŋk /
- verb
- To have an idea about something without certainty
- To have an idea, opinion or belief about something
ancient
US / 'eɪnʃənt /
•UK / ˈenʃənt /
- adjecitve
- Very old; having lived a very long time ago
another
US / əˈnʌðə(r) /
•UK / əˈnʌðɚ /
- adjecitve
- One more, but not this
- determiner
- One more added
- pronoun
- One more (thing)
intact
US / ɪn'tækt /
•UK / ɪn'tækt /
- adjecitve
- Being complete, without damaged or missing parts
environment
US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /
•UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /
- noun
- Natural world in which plants and animals live
- The entire surrounding conditions of something
archaeologist
US / ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒɪst /
•UK / ˌɑrkɪˈɑlədʒɪst /
- noun
- Scientist studying ancient societies
bog
US / bɒg /
•UK / bɔ:g /
- noun
- Area of wet spongy ground
- verb
- To get stuck, slowed down or become delayed
europe
US / ˈjʊərəp /
•UK / ˈjʊrəp /
- noun
- A continent including Germany, France and Spain
- other
- The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
form
US / fɔ:m /
•UK / fɔrm /
- noun
- Sports team or person's current winning record
- Document you complete when making an application
- Visible shape or style; type; kind
- verb
- To organize something such as a club or group
- To develop; to come into a shape or substance
- To make something into a particular shape
out
US / aʊt /
•UK / aʊt /
- adverb
- No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
- Away from home, business, or the usual place
- In a direction/movement away from inside or center
- noun
- Act when a batter cannot continue playing
- verb
- To tell people a secret
ion
US / 'aɪən /
•UK / ˈaɪən /
- noun
- Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
organ
US / 'ɔ:ɡən /
•UK / ˈɔrɡən /
- noun
- Part of a person's body with a particular function
- Large institution or body
- Large wind instrument similar to a piano
accumulate
US / əˈkju:mjəleɪt /
•UK / əˈkjumjəˌlet /
- verb
- To gather or acquire so that you have more of it
farmer
US / ˈfɑ:mə(r) /
•UK / ˈfɑ:rmə(r) /
- noun
- Person who operates a farm
support
US / səˈpɔ:t /
•UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /
- noun
- Assistance or advice given to someone
- Evidence that helps prove something is true
- A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
- verb
- To give assistance or advice to someone
- To help prove or show that something is true
- To hold up or prevent from falling down
celtic
US / ˈkeltɪk /
•UK / ˈkɛltɪk, ˈsɛl- /
- adjecitve
- Relating to or characteristic of the Celts
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
over
US / 'əʊvə(r) /
•UK / ˈovɚ /
- adverb
- Finished; no longer happening
- Towards the ground/away from a standing position
- noun
- A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
- other
- Finished
- preposition
- Showing the relation when a thing is above another
- On or covering something
- Above or across something
- More than you need
- From one side to the other
- In the direction of; toward
call
US / kɔ:l /
•UK / kɔl /
- noun
- A order or request for action
- The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
- A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
- A short visit to a place or person
- A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
- verb
- To make a request or order for action
- (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
- To announce the date of an election
- To make a judgment about something
- To give someone or something a name
- To guess in advance the result or outcome
- To visit a place or person for a short time
- To phone someone
- To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice
far
US / fɑ:(r) /
•UK / fɑr /
- adjecitve
- A long way away
- Being a long way away
- adverb
- To a large degree or extent
leave
US / li:v /
•UK / liv /
- noun
- Permission to do something
- Vacation time; time off work
- verb
- To go away from; depart
- To gift property to someone after you die
- To allow something to continue happening
- To let something remain unused or available
- To let something or someone remain somewhere
partially
US / ˈpɑ:ʃəli /
•UK / ˈpɑ:rʃəli /
- adverb
- In part; in some degree; not wholly
where
US / hwɛə /
•UK / hwɛr, wɛr /
- conjunction
- At or in the place which
- In whatever place
- pronoun
- Word you use to ask the location of something
ireland
US / 'aɪələnd /
•UK / 'aɪrlənd /
- noun
- An island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
large
US / lɑ:dʒ /
•UK / lɑ:rdʒ /
- adjecitve
- Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat
hang
US / hæŋ /
•UK / hæŋ /
- verb
- To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
- To float, move softly, or remain in the air
- To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
- To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear
magic
US / 'mædʒɪk /
•UK / ˈmædʒɪk /
- adjecitve
- Concerning or involving tricks for entertainment
- Being able to produce good results or success
- noun
- Attractive, appealing, and exciting quality
- Performance of tricks for entertainment
- Special ability or skill that causes success
- Use of the supernatural to make things happen
throughout
US / θru:ˈaʊt /
•UK / θruˈaʊt /
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part
dissolve
US / dɪˈzɒlv /
•UK / dɪˈzɑ:lv /
- verb
- To cause something to end
- To dismiss, e.g. a law-making body
- To melt into and become part of a liquid
- To end a legal relationship or organization
chemistry
US / 'kemɪstrɪ /
•UK / ˈkɛmɪstri /
- noun
- The study of the structure of substances
finally
US / ˈfaɪnəli /
•UK / ˈfaɪnəli /
- adverb
- used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
- After a long time or some difficulty
keep
US / ki:p /
•UK / kip /
- noun
- Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
- Money spent on you so you can live in a place
- verb
- To continue doing something; not to stop
- To stop balls going in a goal in sports
- To not give back or return something
- (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
- To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
- To have and continue to hold something
- To do something that you have promised or agreed
- To stay in a certain place or condition
- To maintain the rules
noose
US / nu:s /
•UK / nus /
- noun
- Rope tied in a loop to go around an animal's neck
netherlands
US / 'neðələndz /
•UK / 'neðərləndz /
- proper noun
- A country in western Europe, on the North Sea; population 16,900,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Amst
phosphate
US / ˈfɒsfeɪt /
•UK / ˈfɑsˌfet /
- noun
- A salt or compound used to help grown plants
two
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- number
- 2
his
US / hɪz /
•UK / hɪz /
- pronoun
- Something belonging to a male person
recently
US / ˈri:sntli /
•UK / 'risṇtlɪ /
- adverb
- Just a while ago; not long ago
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
paganism
US / 'peɪɡənɪzəm /
•UK / ˈpeɡənˌɪzəm /
- noun
- Not having a formal religion
break
US / breɪk /
•UK / brek /
- noun
- Time you stop an activity before continuing
- End of a relationship
- An escape from a place such as a jail
- (Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
- Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
- Change in the weather
- verb
- To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
- To form a crack in something
- To burst or become damaged
- To end a relationship
- To escape from a place such as a jail
- To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
- To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
- To act against a law, rule, or promise
- To become known suddenly, as in the news
- To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
- To solve a crime, or answer a problem
- To stop functioning properly
- To suddenly start, open or commence
- To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
- To fall on the shore, as in waves
- To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
- To defeat by causing the person to lose their will
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
without
US / wɪˈðaʊt /
•UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /
- preposition
- Not with; not having
scientist
US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
•UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
- noun
- Person who is trained in a science
mush
US / mʌʃ /
•UK / mʌʃ /
- noun
- Something soft and wet and usually thick
US / ˈtwɪtə(r) /
•UK / ˈtwɪtɚ /
- noun
- An online messaging system
- verb
- To make small chattering sounds, like some birds
could
US / kəd /
•UK / kʊd /
- other
- Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
- Used to ask for something politely, or to offer
hole
US / həʊl /
•UK / hol /
- noun
- An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
- Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
- Opening into or through something
- An awkward or difficult situation
- Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
- verb
- (Golf) to get the ball into the hole
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
often
US / ˈɔfən /
•UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /
- adverb
- Many times; frequently; on many occasions
ceremony
US / 'serəmənɪ /
•UK / ˈsɛrəˌmoni /
- noun
- Special social or religious event
- Rigidly formal way of behaving
lard
US / lɑ:d /
•UK / lɑ:rd /
- noun
- Cooled fat from meat
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
uncover
US / ʌn'kʌvə(r) /
•UK / ʌnˈkʌvɚ /
- verb
- To remove what is on top to show something
- (Journalist) to discover some news to be reported
rancid
US / ˈrænsɪd /
•UK / 'rænsɪd /
- adjecitve
- With an unpleasant smell or taste, like sour milk
amazing
US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /
•UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /
- adjecitve
- Surprising in a pleasing way
- verb
- To cause wonder; to surprise completely
begin
US / bɪ'ɡɪn /
•UK / ˈbeɡɪn /
- verb
- To do the first part of an action; to start
smart
US / smɑ:t /
•UK / smɑ:rt /
- adjecitve
- Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
- Looking clean, neat and stylish
- (Of phones, weapons) with clever features
- Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
- Clever; with intelligence
- adverb
- Energetic or quick in motion or movement
- In a clever way; with intelligence
- noun
- Feeling of being hurt and upset
- Sharp, burning pain
- verb
- To feel hurt or upset
- To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain
subbable
US / 'sʌbə'semblɪ /
•UK / ˌsʌbə'sembli: /
water
US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /
•UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /
- noun
- Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
- Large area such as an ocean or sea
- verb
- (Of the eyes) to produce tears
- (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
- To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive
crime
US / kraɪm /
•UK / kraɪm /
- noun
- Act that is believed to be a mistake or foolish
- Act that is against the law; murder, theft etc.
grow
US / ɡrəʊ /
•UK / ɡro /
- verb
- To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
- To improve; to develop better skills over time
- To develop and become bigger or taller over time
die
US / daɪ /
•UK / daɪ /
- noun
- Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
- verb
- To cease to function or work
- (Of a thing) to stop being used or done
- (Of a person) to stop living
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
package
US / ˈpækɪdʒ /
•UK / ˈpækɪdʒ /
- adjecitve
- Presented as one item but includes several
- noun
- Box or container items are placed in for mailing
- A container for items for sale, e.g. food
- Group of several items or services offered as one
- verb
- To present or sell a group of things as one item
- To put something into a container to store it
soil
US / sɔɪl /
•UK / sɔɪl /
- noun
- Conditions in which something develops
- Mix of natural material in which plants grow
- Land of a certain country
- verb
- To get or become dirty
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
mummify
US / ˈmʌmɪfaɪ /
•UK / ˈmʌmɪfaɪ /
- verb
- To make into a mummy by embalming and drying
time
US / taɪm /
•UK / taɪm /
- noun
- Speed at which music is played; tempo
- Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
- Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
- Occasion when something happens
- Period or occasion that something occurred
- Period in history or the past
- Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
- How long an event takes; duration
- verb
- To check speed at which music is performed
- To choose a specific moment to do something
- To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
- To schedule something to occur at a specific moment
through
US / θru: /
•UK / θru /
- adjecitve
- having finished using or doing something
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over, in, across an entire thing or place
- Allowing you to pass between, or to
- By a particular way or process; by the use of
highly
US / ˈhaɪli /
•UK / 'haɪlɪ /
- adverb
- In a manner that shows approval
- More than usual; to a great degree
magnesium
US / mægˈni:ziəm /
•UK / mæɡˈniziəm,-ʒəm /
- noun
- Silver, white metal burning with a white flame
nutrient
US / ˈnju:triənt /
•UK / ˈnutriənt /
- noun
- A chemical living things needs to be healthy
news
US / nju:z /
•UK / nu:z /
- noun
- Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
- Information about recent events
question
US / 'kwestʃən /
•UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /
- noun
- Issue or problems you are dealing with
- What you ask about; issue
- verb
- To ask for or try to get information
- To have or express concerns or uncertainty
animal
US / ˈænɪml /
•UK / ˈænəməl /
- noun
- A living creature that is not a plant or person
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
religious
US / rɪˈlɪdʒəs /
•UK / rɪˈlɪdʒəs /
- adjecitve
- Following the rules and beliefs of a faith
acidic
US / əˈsɪdɪk /
•UK / əˈsɪdɪk /
- adjecitve
- Containing acid
farm
US / fɑ:m /
•UK / fɑ:rm /
- noun
- Land used for growing crops or raising animals
- verb
- To use land for raising plants or animals for food
dedication
US / ˌdedɪ'keɪʃn /
•UK / ˌdɛdɪˈkeʃən /
- noun
- Addressing book, song to someone to show respect
- Commitment to work hard for something important
destroy
US / dɪ'strɔɪ /
•UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /
- verb
- To damage so badly that something no longer exists
- To defeat someone or something easily
- To kill a sick or unwanted animal
occur
US / əˈkɜ:(r) /
•UK / əˈkɚ /
- verb
- To come to pass or to happen
those
US / ðəʊz /
•UK / ðoz /
- determiner
- The people or things we are talking about
- pronoun
- The objects far from the speaker
though
US / ðəu /
•UK / ðo /
- adverb
- Although, despite the fact that
tribe
US / traɪb /
•UK / traɪb /
- noun
- Racial group united by language, religion, customs
victim
US / ˈvɪktɪm /
•UK / ˈvɪktɪm /
- noun
- Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
- Person/animal killed and offered as a sacrifice
- Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
- Person who is tricked or made to suffer
ago
US / əˈgəʊ /
•UK / əˈgoʊ /
- adverb
- At a specified length of time in the past
figure
US / ˈfiɡə /
•UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /
- noun
- Your body shape
- Numbers in a calculation
- Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
- Picture or diagram giving information in a text
- Person who is very important or famous
- Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
- Amount that is expressed in numbers
- verb
- To appear in a game, play or event
- To calculate how much something will cost
- To understand after thinking; work out
mixture
US / ˈmɪkstʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈmɪkstʃɚ /
- noun
- Something made by combining two or more things
their
US / ðɛː /
•UK / ðer /
- determiner
- Belonging to them
unearth
US / ʌn'ɜ:θ /
•UK / ʌnˈɜrθ /
- verb
- To discover by searching thoroughly
yes
US / jes /
•UK / jɛs /
- adverb
- Way to say you agree or will do something
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
everyone
US / ˈevriwʌn /
•UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /
- pronoun
- Every person; everybody
fast
US / fɑ:st /
•UK / fæst /
- adjecitve
- In a way that is difficult to move or change
- Moving or able to move quickly
- Showing time that is later than the actual time
- adverb
- With a great deal of speed
- noun
- Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
- verb
- To refuse food for a long time
produce
US / prə'dju:s /
•UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /
- noun
- Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
- verb
- To grow something naturally
- To make something appear
- To manufacture something using machines
- To control the making a movie or television show
strange
US / streɪndʒ /
•UK / strendʒ /
- adjecitve
- Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected
top
US / tɒp /
•UK / tɑp /
- adjecitve
- Being good or great; excellent
- Being the most in degree or quality
- noun
- Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
- A cover or lid
- Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
- Highest or upper part or point of something
- Best or highest status or position
- Flat upper surface or edge of an object
- Child's toy that spins on its point
- Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
- Winning in a sport or contest
- verb
- To be higher or larger than a specific value
- To arrive at the highest point of something
- To put a cover or layer or over something
- To kill; murder
- To hold the highest position on a list
- To be more important, successful or better than
- To beat someone or win at a game
who
US / hu: /
•UK / hu /
- pronoun
- Which person
- Used to introduce information about people
autopsy
US / ˈɔ:tɒpsi /
•UK / ˈɔ:tɑ:psi /
- noun
- Examination of dead body to find cause of death
build
US / bɪld /
•UK / bɪld /
- noun
- Your physical shape; physique
- verb
- To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
- To construct a house, office, factory
naturally
US / ˈnætʃrəli /
•UK / ˈnætʃərəli, ˈnætʃrə- /
- adverb
- In the expected or usual way
- Without the aid of someone or something
old
US / əʊld /
•UK / old /
- adjecitve
- Having existed for a long time, not young or new
- Age of a person since birth
prove
US / pru:v /
•UK / pruv /
- verb
- To demonstrate truth by providing evidence
sphagnum
US / ˈsfæɡnəm /
•UK / ˈsfæɡnəm /
- noun
- Type of moss used in fertilizing plants
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
absorb
US / əb'sɔ:b /
•UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /
- verb
- To take up all attention / energy of something
- To take in a liquid; soak up
both
US / bəuθ /
•UK / boθ /
- determiner
- Used to refer to two things at the same time
- pronoun
- Used to refer to two things at the same time
calcium
US / 'kælsɪəm /
•UK / ˈkælsiəm /
- noun
- A substance important for making bones and teeth
police
US / pəˈli:s /
•UK / pəˈlis /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the police and its business
- noun
- People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
- verb
- To control an area, or group with a police force
country
US / ˈkʌntri /
•UK / ˈkʌntri /
- noun
- An area of land that is controlled by a government
- Open land that is away from towns and cities
look
US / lʊk /
•UK / lʊk /
- noun
- Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
- Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
- The way someone, something appears to be
- Act of searching for or examining something
- verb
- To appear to be; seem
human
US / 'hju:mən /
•UK / ˈhjumən /
- adjecitve
- Concerning or characteristic of people
- noun
- A person; a man, woman or child
scishow
US / /
•UK / /
thank
US / θæŋk /
•UK / θæŋk /
- verb
- To tell someone you are grateful to them
discover
US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /
•UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /
- verb
- To find something new that was not known before
link
US / lɪŋk /
•UK / lɪŋk /
- noun
- Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
- Connection between two or more things or people
- Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
- verb
- To join or connect together
take
US / teɪk /
•UK / tek /
- noun
- Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
- verb
- To accept something that is offered
- To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
- To use a camera to make (a photo)
- To pick up something and go away with it
- To study a subject in school
- To attempt to pass (an exam)
- To require a certain amount of time, money, space
tannin
US / 'tænɪn /
•UK / ˈtænɪn /
- noun
- Substance used in tanning and in medicine
anaerobic
US / ˌæneəˈrəʊbɪk /
•UK / ænˌeəˈrobɪk /
- adjecitve
- Living without oxygen from the air
pile
US / paɪl /
•UK / paɪl /
- adjecitve
- (Surface) consisting of usually short threads
- noun
- Large amount of something
- Group of things one on top of another
- Long post used to support something
- Carpet, rug consisting of usually short threads
- verb
- (E.g. of problems) to increase; get more or worse
area
US / 'eərɪə /
•UK / ˈɛriə /
- noun
- Amount of measured space
- A specific section or space; part of a region
- A subject or field of study
cremate
US / krə'meɪt /
•UK / ˈkriˌmet,krɪˈmet /
- verb
- To burn a corpse until only ashes are left
incision
US / ɪnˈsɪʒn /
•UK / ɪnˈsɪʒən /
- noun
- Cut, as that done by a surgeon in an operation
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
age
US / eɪdʒ /
•UK / edʒ /
- verb
- To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
- To get older
- noun
- Period of time in history
- Number of years a person or thing has lived
authority
US / ɔ:ˈθɒrəti /
•UK / əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr- /
- noun
- The power to give orders to people
- Person who is an expert on a particular topic
- Expert knowledge on a given subject
- The power to decide or approve things
- a group of people who have the official power to make decisions
continue
US / kən'tɪnju: /
•UK / kənˈtɪnju /
- verb
- To do something without stopping, or after pausing
- To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop
exactly
US / ɪgˈzæktli /
•UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /
- adverb
- No more and no less than; precisely
meantime
US / ˈmi:ntaɪm /
•UK / ˈminˌtaɪm /
- noun
- For the present; for a while
science
US / 'saɪəns /
•UK / ˈsaɪəns /
- noun
- Study of the physical world, based on facts
always
US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /
•UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /
- adverb
- For a very long time
- At all times; in every situation
- For ever
appear
US / ə'pɪə(r) /
•UK / əˈpɪr /
- verb
- To be seen, become visible; come into sight
- To seem to be
- To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
processes
US / ˈprəʊsesɪz , prəˈsesɪz /
•UK / ˈprɑːsesɪz , prəˈsesɪz /
- other
- Sets of changes that occur slowly and naturally
- verb
- To organize and use data in a computer
- To deal with official forms in the way required
- To prepare by treating something in a certain way
- To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
- To convert by putting something through a machine
thousand
US / ˈθaʊznd /
•UK / ˈθaʊzənd /
- number
- Number 1,000
consider
US / kən'sɪdə(r) /
•UK / kənˈsɪdər /
- verb
- To think carefully about something
flow
US / fləʊ /
•UK / flo /
- noun
- Amount of something that moves through an area
- verb
- To move steadily and easily in a certain direction
hundreds
US / 'hʌndrədz /
•UK / 'hʌndrədz /
- number
- 100s
prehistoric
US / ˌpri:hɪˈstɒrɪk /
•UK / ˌpri:hɪˈstɔ:rɪk /
- adjecitve
- Relating to the period before written history
- Out-dated; very old-fashioned
ideal
US / aɪˈdi:əl /
•UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /
- adjecitve
- Exactly right; could not be better
- Which is thought of as being perfect
use
US / ju:s /
•UK / ju:s /
- noun
- Ability to employ something
- Need to enable it to work
- Permission to do something with something
- Act of spending money
- Operation of a machine for its function
- verb
- To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
- To need to operate or work
- To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
- To treat a person badly
- To do something with, for a task or purpose
bed
US / bed /
•UK / bɛd /
- noun
- Flat bottom surface of a lake, ocean etc.
- A piece of furniture that people sleep on
- An area on which other things are put
- Area of ground to grow vegetables or flowers
- verb
- To have sex with someone
- To plant, fix, or attach something firmly to
circulate
US / 'sɜ:kjəleɪt /
•UK / ˈsɚkjəˌlet /
- verb
- To go round continuously
- To move from one person to another, as at a party
- (Of a rumor) to go round from one person to others
while
US / waɪl /
•UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /
- conjunction
- In spite of the fact that; although
- During the time that; at the same time
- noun
- Short amount of time
wait
US / weɪt /
•UK / wet /
- verb
- To delay or not do something until later
- To spend time until an expected thing happens
- To remain in a place until a thing happens
place
US / pleɪs /
•UK / ples /
- noun
- Particular location, area or region
- verb
- To put someone in a particular type of situation
- To put something in a certain location or position
bacteria
US / bæk'tɪərɪə /
•UK / bækˈtɪriə /
- noun
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
first
US / fɜ:st /
•UK / fɚst /
- adjecitve
- 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
- noun
- Something that has not happened before
- Position of the winner of a competition
dead
US / ded /
•UK / dɛd /
- adjecitve
- Not alive
- Being bored or not interested
- Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
- Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
- adverb
- Completely; absolutely
get
US / ɡet /
•UK / ɡɛt /
- verb
- To become affected by illness or disease
- To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
- To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
- To go somewhere to obtain something
- To (cause to) do a particular thing
- To obtain, receive or be given something
- To currently have
- To prepare for use
- To understand something being said or read
particularly
US / pəˈtikjuləli /
•UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /
- adverb
- Specially; more than others
down
US / daʊn /
•UK / daʊn /
- adjecitve
- Being sad, sick, or unhappy
- Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
- adverb
- In a sitting or lying position
- Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
- Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
- noun
- A period of play in American Football
- The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
- preposition
- Along something's path, course, or direction
- Going from a higher position to a lower position
- verb
- To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping
comment
US / 'kɒment /
•UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /
- noun
- Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
- verb
- To say something that gives your opinion
include
US / ɪnˈklu:d /
•UK / ɪnˈklud /
- verb
- To make someone, something part of a group
preserve
US / prɪˈzɜ:v /
•UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /
- noun
- Protected area of land with plants and animals
- verb
- To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
- To protect something from harm, loss or damage
- To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
even
US / 'i:vn /
•UK / ˈivən /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
- Being divided equally or fairly
- (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
- Smooth, level, or regular
- Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
- At a regular, equally steady manner
- Remaining steady and unchanging
- adverb
- (When this is surprising) as well; too
- (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
- verb
- To make something level; to flatten
- To make something equal
iron
US / ˈaɪən /
•UK / ˈaɪərn /
- adjecitve
- Being very tough, strong, and determined
- noun
- Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
- Golf club with a metal head
- Strong hard metal used to make steel
- verb
- To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
dose
US / dəʊs /
•UK / doʊs /
- noun
- An amount of medicine to be taken at any one time
- verb
- To give a certain amount of something to someone
danish
US / ˈdeiniʃ /
•UK / ˈdenɪʃ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of Denmark
nothing
US / 'nʌθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /
- noun
- Item of little or no value, importance, interest
- Number or value of zero
- pronoun
- Not anything, not a single thing
dig
US / dɪg /
•UK / dɪɡ /
- verb
- To move material to create a hole
leather
US / ˈleðə(r) /
•UK / ˈlɛðɚ /
- noun
- Chemically tanned animal skin, e.g. for shoes
preservation
US / ˌprezəˈveɪʃn /
•UK / ˈprɛzɚ'veʃən /
- noun
- Keeping something in a good, undamaged state
equipment
US / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /
•UK / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /
- noun
- Tools or materials used to perform a task
skull
US / skʌl /
•UK / skʌl /
- noun
- Structure of bones forming the face and head
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
denmark
US / 'denmɑ:k /
•UK / 'denmɑ:rk /
- noun
- A constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands b
mean
US / mi:n /
•UK / min /
- adjecitve
- Being good at
- Nasty; unkind
- Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
- noun
- Average of a set of numbers
- verb
- To express a particular idea or thought
- To intend to do something in particular
- To have a particular meaning or value
type
US / taɪp /
•UK / taɪp /
- noun
- Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
- Group of things or people sharing common features
- verb
- To identify something belonging to a group
- To write by touching keys on a keyboard
oxygen
US / 'ɒksɪdʒən /
•UK / ˈɑksɪdʒən /
- noun
- A gas in the air that we need to breathe
watch
US / wɒtʃ /
•UK / wɑtʃ /
- noun
- Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
- Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
- Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
- verb
- To keep in check, manage, or control something
- To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
- To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
- To look at carefully to work out what is happening
- To protect and care for someone or something
example
US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /
•UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /
- noun
- Thing, person which represents a category
happen
US / 'hæpən /
•UK / ˈhæpən /
- verb
- To take place or occur
how
US / haʊ /
•UK / haʊ /
- adjecitve
- To what degree? in what amount?
- adverb
- (Used to explain the way to do something)
- exclamation
- For what purpose or reason?
- (Used to ask someone or something's condition)
kind
US / kaɪnd /
•UK / kaɪnd /
- adjecitve
- In a caring and helpful manner
- friendly and considerate
- noun
- One type of thing
toast
US / təʊst /
•UK / tost /
- noun
- Bread grilled to make it brown and crisp
- verb
- To grill bread to make it brown and crisp
- To raise a glass (of alcohol) to celebrate
year
US / jə: /
•UK / jɪr /
- noun
- Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
- Used to refer to the age of a person
you
US / jʊ /
•UK / ju /
- pronoun
- Person someone is speaking or writing to
- Person or people in general
murder
US / 'mɜ:də(r) /
•UK / ˈmɚdɚ /
- noun
- Something that is difficult or painful to do
- Crime of deliberately killing a person
- verb
- To intentionally kill a person
- To spoil, ruin something by doing it poorly
let
US / let /
•UK / lɛt /
- verb
- To allow someone to do something
- Introducing a suggestion to do something together
- To rent a house, etc. to others
person
US / 'pɜ:sn /
•UK / 'pɜ:rsn /
- noun
- Man, woman or child
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
vary
US / ˈveəri /
•UK / ˈveri /
- verb
- To change something and make it different
- To be changeable, both up and down
wet
US / wet /
•UK / wɛt /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a bar that serves or sells alcohol
- Having or experiencing a great deal of rain
- Containing water or liquid; not dry
- verb
- To accidentally pee in clothes or a bed
may
US / meɪ /
•UK / me /
- noun
- 5th month of the year
- other
- Used to express a desire
- Expresses permission, possibility or probability
- Used to show that a thing could be true
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
word
US / wɜ:d /
•UK / wɚd /
- noun
- Unit of language that has a meaning
- Promise
- Short remark or piece of information
- verb
- To express something by choosing particular words
answer
US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /
•UK / ˈænsɚ /
- noun
- Reply to a question someone asks
- Solution to a problem or test question
- verb
- To reply to a question someone asks
- To solve a test question or a problem
less
US / les /
•UK / lɛs /
- adjecitve
- Smaller in amount or degree
- adverb
- To a smaller degree
- noun
- A smaller amount
- preposition
- With the subtraction of
butter
US / ˈbʌt.ə /
•UK / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ /
- noun
- Yellow substance made of cream, spread on bread
- verb
- To spread butter on bread
chemical
US / ˈkemɪkl /
•UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Made of various elements
- noun
- Basic substance produced by mixing elements
level
US / 'levl /
•UK / ˈlɛvəl /
- adjecitve
- (Sports) equal to another
- Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
- noun
- Specific height of something
- Amount of ability you have compared to others
- Floor or deck within a building
- Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
- verb
- To aim a gun at someone
- To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
- To make things flat or even
- To make a score equal to another, in sports
man
US / mæn /
•UK / mæn /
- noun
- Humans in general, including male and female
- An adult male human being
- Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
- verb
- To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
- To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)
decomposition
US / ˌdi:kɒmpə'zɪʃn /
•UK / ˌdikɑmpəˈzɪʃən /
- noun
- State of decay or rot
into
US / 'ɪntə /
•UK / ˈɪntu /
- preposition
- Moving or going inside something
- In the same direction as; in the direction of
- So as to become; taking the state of
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
pull
US / pʊl /
•UK / pʊl /
- noun
- Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
- Force something has that draws other things to it
- Using your hands to move something to you
- verb
- To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
- To hold something and move it toward you
- To remove something by force
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
than
US / ðən /
•UK / ðən /
- conjunction
- Used to compare two things that are not equal
turn
US / tɜ:n /
•UK / tɚn /
- noun
- Place where changing of direction happens
- Your time or chance to perform a duty
- Your chance to play or do in say a game
- Unexpected change, as in the weather
- verb
- To become (a particular age)
- To become a different quality, color, etc.
- To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
- To move in an opposite direction or position
- To shape metal with a spinning tool
bad
US / bæd /
•UK / bæd /
- adjecitve
- Not good; wrong
- Lacking in good morals; evil
- No longer fresh; spoiled
peat
US / pi:t /
•UK / pit /
- noun
- Acid black material used as soil for some plants
below
US / bɪ'ləʊ /
•UK / bɪˈlo /
- preposition
- In a lower position, place, or level
body
US / ˈbɒd.i /
•UK / ˈbɑdi /
- noun
- An object distinct from other objects
- A group of people involved in an activity together
- Main part of something
- A person's physical self
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed