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Is Mars a Good Backup Plan?

Video vocabulary

chuck

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US / tʃʌk /

UK / tʃʌk /

B2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To throw carelessly or casually

cannon

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US / 'kænən /

UK / ˈkænən /

B2
  • noun
  • Large wheeled gun that fires heavy metal balls
  • verb
  • To hit and bounce off

flat

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US / flæt /

UK / flæt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Level; even; without curves or bumps
  • Lifeless; lacking energy or vitality
  • adverb
  • In a certain, direct or absolute manner
  • Against a surface without lifting or curving away
  • noun
  • Apartment; set of rooms for living in
  • The smooth or level part of something
  • Musical tone lower than another by a small degree
  • verb
  • To share an apartment with someone

kid

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US / kɪd /

UK / kɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made from young goat skin
  • noun
  • Child or young person
  • Young goat
  • verb
  • To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

along

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US / əˈlɒŋ /

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • As a companion; taken with someone
  • preposition
  • At a point on a line

extinct

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US / ɪkˈstɪŋkt /

UK / ɪkˈstɪŋkt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of animal, etc.) having died out; with none left
  • (E.g. of volcano) not active

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

infinite

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US / 'ɪnfɪnət /

UK / ˈɪnfənɪt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being very large in amount
  • Without an end; limitless; endless

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

share

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US / ʃeə(r) /

UK / ʃɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Part-ownership in a property, business or company
  • Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
  • verb
  • To divide something between two or more people
  • To allow others to use your things equally
  • To give information, etc. to someone

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

pollution

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US / pəˈlu:ʃn /

UK / pəˈluʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Dangerous substances released into an environment

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

dad

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US / dæd /

UK / dæd /

A1
  • noun
  • Another word for father

forty

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US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

UK / ˈfɔrti /

A1
  • number
  • 40

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

name

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US / neɪm /

UK / nem /

A1
  • noun
  • What something or someone is called
  • verb
  • To state what someone is called, e.g. John

objection

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US / əbˈdʒekʃn /

UK / əbˈdʒɛkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with, based on, or influenced by facts
  • Reason for not supporting or agreeing with a plan

rather

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US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Somewhat; fairly; not that much

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

unwrap

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US / ʌnˈræp /

UK / ʌnˈræp /

B1
  • verb
  • To remove the outer cover, wrapping of e.g. a gift

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

guy

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US / ɡaɪ /

UK / ɡaɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Man; boy; any person

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

poor

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US / pʊə(r) /

UK / pʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Inferior; below the normal standard
  • Deserving of pity or sympathy
  • Without money; not rich

stephen

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US / 'sti:vən /

UK / 'sti:vən /

A1
  • proper noun
  • (c.1097–1154), grandson of William the Conqueror; king of England 1135–54. He seized the throne from

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

girl

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US / gɜ:l /

UK / gɜ:rl /

A1
  • noun
  • A female child; a young woman

hey

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US / heɪ /

UK / he /

A1
  • exclamation
  • What you say when you want someone's attention

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

effort

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US / ˈefət /

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of work used trying to do something

pathogen

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US / ˈpæθədʒən /

UK / ˈpæθədʒən /

C1
  • noun
  • Any disease-producing agent

oasis

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US / əʊˈeɪsɪs /

UK / oʊˈeɪsɪs /

B2
  • noun
  • Place in a desert where there is water

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

elon

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US / /

UK / /

A1

front

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US / frʌnt /

UK / frʌnt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
  • noun
  • Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
  • Area where fighting in a war is happening
  • Place where air of different temperatures meets
  • verb
  • To have the forward part facing something
  • To lead a group of people, usually a band

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

accomplish

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US / ə'kʌmplɪʃ /

UK / əˈkɑmplɪʃ /

B1
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing; complete successfully

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

care

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US / keə(r) /

UK / kɛr /

A1
  • noun
  • Treatment you receive for your health or safety
  • Something that a person worries about
  • verb
  • To feel interest, concern, or worry
  • To look after someone or something

impact

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US / 'ɪmpækt /

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

A2
  • noun
  • A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • Very strong influence
  • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
  • verb
  • To hit or strike someone or something with force

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

sagan

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US / ˈsæfrən /

UK / ˈsæfrən /

A1

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

remind

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US / rɪ'maɪnd /

UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause someone to remember what they forgot

threat

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US / θret /

UK / θrɛt /

A2
  • noun
  • Warning of probable trouble
  • A warning that you may be harmed

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

excite

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US / ɪk'saɪt /

UK / ɪkˈsaɪt /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something or someone become more active
  • To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

grab

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US / ɡræb /

UK / ɡræb /

A2
  • verb
  • To take and hold something quickly

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

specie

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US / 'spi:ʃi: /

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Singular of species

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

absolutely

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US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally; very

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

deflect

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US / dɪ'flekt /

UK / dɪˈflɛkt /

B2
  • verb
  • To cause to turn in a different direction
  • To prevent or avoid something having an effect on

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

auto

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US / ˈɔ:təʊ /

UK / ˈɔ:toʊ /

B2
  • noun
  • Car; a road vehicle with four or more wheels

block

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US / blɒk /

UK / blɑk /

A2
  • noun
  • Solid piece of material used for building
  • A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
  • Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
  • Building made up of offices or apartments
  • Area of a city divided by four streets
  • verb
  • To stop from going forward or making progress

force

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US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

unfair

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US / ˌʌnˈfeə(r) /

UK / ˌʌnˈfer /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • not treating people in an equal way, or not morally right

behave

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US / bɪˈheɪv /

UK / bɪˈhev /

A2
  • verb
  • To act correctly
  • To act in a particular way
  • To react in a particular way in a given case

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

serious

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US / ˈsɪəriəs /

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Giving something great energy or sincerity
  • Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
  • Being sincere about something; not joking

bias

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US / 'baɪəs /

UK / ˈbaɪəs /

B1
  • noun
  • Preference to believe things even if incorrect
  • verb
  • To unfairly favor one view over another

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

perspective

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US / pə'spektɪv /

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

B1
  • noun
  • Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
  • Ability to understand what is important in life

serum

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US / ˈsɪərəm /

UK / ˈsɪrəm /

B2
  • noun
  • Blood that contains substances that fight diseases

suck

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US / sʌk /

UK / sʌk /

B1
  • noun
  • Drawing of liquid into a tube or hole
  • phrasal verb
  • To trick or deceive someone into doing something
  • verb
  • To be very bad, undesirable or unpleasant
  • To be very bad, undesirable, or unpleasant
  • To pull or remove something with great power
  • To attract someone; make someone interested
  • To draw into your mouth through a small hole

yeah

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US / jeə /

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

beside

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US / bɪˈsaɪd /

UK / bɪˈsaɪd /

A2
  • preposition
  • In comparison to; compared with
  • By the side of something; next to something

kingsman

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US / ˈkɪŋfɪʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃɚ /

A1

overboard

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US / ˈəʊvəbɔːd /

UK / ˈoʊvərbɔːrd /

C1
  • adverb
  • Going over the side of a boat or ship into the sea

simple

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US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

space

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US / speɪs /

UK / spes /

A1
  • noun
  • Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
  • Empty area with nothing in it
  • Area in the sky where the stars are
  • Area between written words on a page
  • verb
  • To make a certain distance or time between

virus

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US / 'vaɪrəs /

UK / ˈvaɪrəs /

B1
  • noun
  • File secretly put on computers to cause harm
  • Living organism that causes disease or sickness

atom

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US / 'ætəm /

UK / ˈætəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Smallest bit that matter can be broken down into

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

original

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US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
  • Being unique or thinking differently from others

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

dry

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US / draɪ /

UK / draɪ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
  • Without water; not wet
  • (Of wine, etc.) not sweet
  • Without butter or jam
  • verb
  • To remove liquid or water from something

thomas

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US / 'tɒməs /

UK / 'tɑməs /

A1
  • other
  • A radio broadcast journalist during World War I and World War II noted for his nightly new broadcast

act

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US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

human

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US / 'hju:mən /

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of people
  • noun
  • A person; a man, woman or child

nature

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US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's character or particular way of behaving
  • Basic look, feel or function of something
  • Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

ago

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US / əˈgəʊ /

UK / əˈgoʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a specified length of time in the past

agree

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US / əˈgri: /

UK / əˈɡri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have the same opinion as someone else

else

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US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

design

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US / dɪˈzaɪn /

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
  • verb
  • To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • To think of a plan

figure

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US / ˈfiɡə /

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Your body shape
  • Numbers in a calculation
  • Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
  • Picture or diagram giving information in a text
  • Person who is very important or famous
  • Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
  • Amount that is expressed in numbers
  • verb
  • To appear in a game, play or event
  • To calculate how much something will cost
  • To understand after thinking; work out

due

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US / dju: /

UK / du, dju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • When something is required or expected
  • Owed to a person as a right
  • noun
  • Something you deserve; something you can expect

quit

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US / kwɪt /

UK / kwɪt /

B1
  • other
  • To leave a school etc. without finishing
  • verb
  • To leave a job
  • To leave a place
  • To leave a school etc. without finishing
  • To end an action or activity

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

doddle

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US / ˈdɒdl /

UK / ˈdɑːdl /

C2
  • noun
  • Easy task

dumbass

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US / dʌm'bæs /

UK / dʌm'bæs /

A1
  • noun

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

stake

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US / steɪk /

UK / stek /

B1
  • noun
  • Share/interest in the success of a business, etc.
  • Money bet in a game that can be won or lost
  • The share you have in a company
  • Post stuck in the ground you can tie things to
  • verb
  • To bet or wager on an outcome
  • To risk something important by taking a risk

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

killer

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US / ˈkɪlə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being appealing or funny
  • noun
  • Something that is a challenge to deal with
  • Person, thing or animal that kills

professor

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US / prəˈfesə(r) /

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Teacher who teaches at a college or university

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

bring

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US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

festival

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US / ˈfestɪvl /

UK / ˈfɛstəvəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Cultural event with a program of events

inventiveness

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US / ɪn'ventɪvnəs /

UK / ɪn'ventɪvnəs /

B2
  • noun
  • Power of creative imagination

movie

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US / ˈmu:vi /

UK / ˈmuvi /

A1
  • noun
  • Motion picture; film

self

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US / self /

UK / sɛlf /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's own interests or desires
  • Person that someone really is
  • Particular aspect of someone's personality
  • Person, usually someone already been mentioned

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

hand

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US / hænd /

UK / hænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Cards given to a player in a card game
  • Piece of a clock that points to the time
  • Someone who performs physical tasks or work
  • Body part at the end of a person's arm
  • Help for someone performing a particular action
  • Condition of having power or influence
  • Member of the crew of a ship
  • verb
  • To give something to someone personally

mind

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US / maɪnd /

UK / maɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • One's opinion or way of thinking about something
  • Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
  • verb
  • To be bothered or upset by something
  • To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

conservancy

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US / kənˈsɜ:vənsi /

UK / kənˈsɜ:rvənsi /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people who work to protect lands

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

busy

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US / 'bɪzɪ /

UK / ˈbɪzi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working hard doing something; full of activity
  • verb
  • To actively be occupied with doing something

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

hole

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US / həʊl /

UK / hol /

A2
  • noun
  • An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
  • Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
  • Opening into or through something
  • An awkward or difficult situation
  • Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
  • verb
  • (Golf) to get the ball into the hole

headline

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US / ˈhedlaɪn /

UK / ˈhedlaɪn /

B2
  • noun
  • Title summarizing a news story
  • verb
  • To be the main performer at a show

moment

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US / 'məʊmənt /

UK / 'moʊmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Very short or brief period of time
  • A particular period in time

ree

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US / ri: /

UK / ri: /

A1
  • noun

boy

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US / bɔɪ /

UK / bɔɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • A young male person

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

singularity

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US / ˌsɪŋgjuˈlærəti /

UK / ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlærɪti /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality that makes something unusual or odd

waste

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US / weɪst /

UK / west /

A2
  • noun
  • Materials left over after a process has finished
  • verb
  • To kill or severely harm someone
  • To use valuable things ineffectively

away

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US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

blood

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US / blʌd /

UK / blʌd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Related by birth; family
  • noun
  • Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
  • verb
  • To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

month

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US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

asteroid

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US / ˈæstərɔɪd /

UK / ˈæstəˌrɔɪd /

B2
  • noun
  • Very small planets that move around the sun

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

percent

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US / pə'sent /

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

A2
  • adverb
  • One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

tech

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US / tek /

UK / tɛk /

A2
  • noun
  • Shortened form of 'technology' or 'technician'

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

exercise

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US / 'eksəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical activity to increase health and strength
  • Set of questions in a text book
  • verb
  • To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • To retain your ability or practice your skills

island

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US / ˈaɪlənd /

UK / ˈaɪlənd /

A1
  • noun
  • Area of land that is surrounded by water

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

plan

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US / plæn /

UK / plæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Drawing of how something should be done or made

six

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US / sɪks /

UK / sɪks /

A1
  • number
  • 6

tyson

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US / ˈtaɪsən /

UK / /

A1

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

air

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US / eə(r) /

UK / er /

A1
  • noun
  • Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
  • A person's manner intended to impress others
  • verb
  • To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
  • To broadcast a TV or radio show
  • To open a subject to discussion and debate

donald

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US / dəˈmɪnɪkən /

UK / dəˈmɪnɪkən /

A1

full

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US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely

draw

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US / drɔ: /

UK / drɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that attracts people to visit a place
  • A lottery or prize
  • Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
  • verb
  • To attract attention to someone or something
  • To get closer to or approach something or someone
  • To influence a person's involvement in something
  • To move an object by pulling
  • To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
  • To take one thing out of a container, etc.
  • (Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

explore

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US / ɪk'splɔ:(r) /

UK / ɪkˈsplɔr /

A2
  • verb
  • To examine something in detail to learn about it
  • To travel to a place to discover more about it

janitor

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US / ˈdʒænɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈdʒænɪtɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleanin

hawk

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US / hɔ:k /

UK / hɔk /

B2
  • noun
  • Large bird kills smaller birds and animals
  • Someone wanting to go to war using the military
  • verb
  • To remove something from the throat by coughing
  • To sell goods by going from place to place

scene

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US / si:n /

UK / sin /

A2
  • noun
  • Incident where someone behaves angrily, badly
  • View that looks like a picture
  • Place where something particular happened
  • Part of an act in a play

shipping

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US / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

UK / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

B1
  • noun
  • Business of transporting goods or orders to places
  • verb
  • To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

save

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US / seɪv /

UK / sev /

A1
  • noun
  • Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
  • preposition
  • Except; not including
  • verb
  • To make your computer keep a file
  • To keep for future use
  • To make something unnecessary; prevent
  • To keep money so that you will have it later
  • To keep something for future use, such as money
  • To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
  • To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
  • To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

sixteen

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US / ˌsɪksˈti:n /

UK / sɪkˈstin /

A1
  • number
  • 16

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

emphasis

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US / ˈemfəsɪs /

UK / ˈɛmfəsɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Special attention, importance, or force
  • Stress placed on part of a word or phrase

optimist

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US / ˈɒptɪmɪst /

UK / ˈɑ:ptɪmɪst /

B2
  • noun
  • Someone who believes the future will be good

seriously

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US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Involving or requiring great thought or study

ship

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US / ʃɪp /

UK / ʃɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large boat
  • verb
  • To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

book

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US / bʊk /

UK / bʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
  • verb
  • (Police) to officially record someone's crimes
  • To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
  • To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

chop

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US / tʃɒp /

UK / tʃɑp /

B1
  • noun
  • A hit with the hand in a sideways motion
  • Thick slice of meat still attached to a bone
  • verb
  • To cut into pieces with an up and down motion
  • To hit someone with your hand

candy

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US / ˈkændi /

UK / ˈkændi /

B2
  • noun
  • Small sweet foods made mostly of sugar
  • verb
  • To coat food with sugar

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

civilization

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US / ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

UK / ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • A highly developed society

compare

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US / kəm'peə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

A1
  • verb
  • To consider how similar and different things are

exhaust

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US / ɪɡ'zɔ:st /

UK / ɪɡˈzɔst /

A2
  • noun
  • System of pipes through which gases escape
  • Waste gas from an engine, e.g. from a car
  • verb
  • To emit gas from the back of a car
  • To make a person feel very tired or without energy
  • To entirely use up a resource, possibilities etc.

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

friend

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US / frend /

UK / frɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who you like and enjoy being with

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

planet

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US / 'plænɪt /

UK / ˈplænɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • One of the bodies that orbit the sun

fix

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US / fɪks /

UK / fɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • Answer to a problem
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something
  • To attach something so it will not move or change
  • To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
  • To make an animal unable to produce young
  • To make something whole or able to work again

mine

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US / maɪn /

UK / maɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
  • Rich source of material or information
  • Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
  • pronoun
  • That thing that belongs to me
  • verb
  • To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
  • To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

quite

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US / kwaɪt /

UK / kwaɪt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not very; fairly
  • Very; In a complete or total manner

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

antiviral

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US / ˌæntiˈvaɪrəl /

UK / ˌæntiˈvaɪrəl, ˌæntaɪ- /

A1
  • noun
  • Any drug that destroys viruses
  • Inhibiting or stopping the growth and reproduction of viruses

farmer

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US / ˈfɑ:mə(r) /

UK / ˈfɑ:rmə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who operates a farm

pleasure

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US / 'pleʒə(r) /

UK / ˈplɛʒɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

round

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US / raʊnd /

UK / raʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in the shape of a circle or ball
  • Consisting of curved and not straight lines
  • Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
  • Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
  • adverb
  • From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
  • noun
  • One of the three-minute periods in boxing
  • Drinks bought by one person for a group
  • Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
  • Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
  • An object with a circular shape
  • One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
  • One's turn in a game such as cards
  • preposition
  • Going around
  • verb
  • To cause or make a circular or curved shape
  • To go or pass around the bend or corner
  • To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

bat

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US / bæt /

UK / bæt /

A2
  • noun
  • Small flying mouse-like animal with wings
  • Object used for hitting a ball in various games
  • verb
  • To use a wooden stick in baseball or cricket

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

dreamy

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US / ˈdriːmi /

UK / ˈdriːmi /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking spirit or liveliness; far away

ooh

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US / u: /

UK / u /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Sound people make when they make a mistake

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

finite

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US / ˈfaɪnaɪt /

UK / ˈfaɪˌnaɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having limits; lasting for a limited time

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

correct

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US / kə'rekt /

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
  • True or accurate
  • verb
  • To fix a problem
  • To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
  • To punish in order to improve

martin

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US / ˈmɑ:tn /

UK / ˈmɑrtn: /

A1
  • other
  • Any of various swallows with squarish or slightly forked tail and long pointed wings; migrate around

title

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US / 'taɪtl /

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

A2
  • noun
  • Book produced by a publisher
  • Name given to something to identify or describe it
  • Name showing profession, marriage or social status
  • (Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
  • Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To give a name to identify or describe something

thumb

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US / θʌm /

UK / θʌm /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a glove that goes over the thumb
  • The short, thick finger on the side of your hand
  • verb
  • To use your thumb to request a ride in a car
  • To casually look through a book, magazine etc.

black

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US / blæk /

UK / blæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of the sky on a dark night
  • noun
  • A person with dark skin, often of African origin
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To fill in something to make it a very dark color

belch

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US / beltʃ /

UK / bɛltʃ /

C1
  • noun
  • Act of letting stomach air exit your mouth noisily
  • verb
  • To let stomach air exit your mouth noisily

extension

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US / ɪkˈstenʃn /

UK / ɪkˈstɛnʃən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Adding extra length
  • noun
  • Addition to something, e.g. a house
  • Suffix code of a computer file, e.g. .pdf, .jpg
  • Telephone for individual person, e.g. In an office
  • Something added to the end of something
  • Extra time allowed to complete something

forgot

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US / fə'ɡɒt /

UK / fɚˈɡɑt, fɔr- /

A1

personal

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US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done by or to a particular person; individual
  • Concerning a person's private life or feelings

astronomer

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US / əˈstrɒnəmə(r) /

UK / əˈstrɑ:nəmə(r) /

B2
  • noun
  • Scientist studying stars and other bodies in space

cold

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US / kəʊld /

UK / kold /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a very low temperature
  • Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
  • noun
  • Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

earth

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US / ɜ:θ /

UK / ɚθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • The planet we live on
  • Soil in which we grow plants

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

ask

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US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

die

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US / daɪ /

UK / daɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
  • verb
  • To cease to function or work
  • (Of a thing) to stop being used or done
  • (Of a person) to stop living

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

yourself

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US / jɔ:ˈself /

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

afterwards

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US / 'ɑ:ftəwədz /

UK / 'æftərwərdz /

A2
  • adverb
  • At a time after something else already mentioned

crumble

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US / ˈkrʌmbl /

UK / ˈkrʌmbəl /

B2
  • verb
  • To break into small parts or crumbs

eight

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US / eɪt /

UK / et /

A1
  • number
  • 8

hell

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US / hel /

UK / hɛl /

A2
  • noun
  • Any place of pain and suffering

opinion

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US / əˈpɪnjən /

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

A2
  • noun
  • Court judge's statement why a decision was made
  • A person's thoughts on a topic

sorry

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US / ˈsɒri /

UK / ˈsɑ:ri /

A1
  • exclamation
  • What you say to admit you were wrong
  • adjecitve
  • Causing others to feel pity; poor
  • Feeling regret or sympathy about wrong thing

destroy

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US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To damage so badly that something no longer exists
  • To defeat someone or something easily
  • To kill a sick or unwanted animal

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

stuff

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US / stʌf /

UK / stʌf /

A1
  • noun
  • Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • verb
  • To push material inside something, with force

sweet

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US / swi:t /

UK / swit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a gentle, likable nature
  • Making one feel happy, pleased or content
  • Cute in appearance
  • Tasting like sugar; containing sugar
  • noun
  • Piece of candy, or other food containing sugar

explainer

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US / ɪksp'leɪnə /

UK / ɪksp'leɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone giving reasons or details about something

entire

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US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

forward

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US / 'fɔ:wəd /

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Toward what is ahead; in front
  • Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
  • adverb
  • Toward the front in place; in front
  • Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
  • verb
  • To send something to another address or person

mar

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US / mɑ:(r) /

UK / mɑ:r /

A1
  • noun
  • 3rd month of the year
  • verb
  • To spoil the appearance/atmosphere of something

love

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US / lʌv /

UK / lʌv /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A very strong feeling of affection
  • The person you care very deeply about
  • Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
  • verb
  • To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
  • To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
  • To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

perfect

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US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • So good it cannot be improved
  • verb
  • To do something so well, it cannot be done better

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

quote

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US / kwəʊt /

UK / kwot /

A2
  • noun
  • Written statement of the cost of something
  • The (often wise or famous) words of another person
  • verb
  • To tell someone how much a task will cost
  • To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

ferry

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US / 'ferɪ /

UK / ˈfɛri /

B1
  • noun
  • Passenger boat on a regular schedule
  • verb
  • To take from one place to another, as by boat

favourite

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US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

UK / 'fevərɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Best liked or most enjoyed
  • noun
  • A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

dump

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US / dʌmp /

UK / dʌmp /

B1
  • verb
  • To end a romantic relationship
  • To put something somewhere without care
  • To throw away as waste
  • To get rid of unwanted things in an illegal manner

park

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US / pɑ:k /

UK / pɑ:rk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Public green area in a town for exercise, relaxing
  • Field upon which a sport is played, e.g. baseball
  • verb
  • To stay still without moving
  • To leave your car, bike in a certain place

solution

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US / səˈlu:ʃn /

UK / səˈluʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • Way to solve or deal with a problem

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

man

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US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

ingenuity

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US / ˌɪndʒə'nju:ətɪ /

UK / ˌɪndʒəˈnuɪti, -ˈnju- /

C1
  • noun
  • Cleverness and originality

staten

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US / ˈstɑ:geɪzə(r) /

UK / ˈstɑ:rgeɪzə(r) /

A1

welcome

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US / 'welkəm /

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being what was wanted or needed
  • noun
  • Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
  • verb
  • To greet someone who has just arrived
  • To accept or receive something happily and gladly

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

climate

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US / ˈklaɪmət /

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Typical weather conditions in a particular place

distinguish

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US / dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ /

UK / dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something clearly different from others

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

sensible

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US / ˈsensəbl /

UK / ˈsɛnsəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to judge something reasonably or fairly
  • Being useful/practical rather than fun/fashionable

trash

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US / træʃ /

UK / træʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Garbage or anything that is worthless
  • verb
  • To throw away in the garbage
  • To criticize; claim person/thing is inferior

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

happy

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US / ˈhæpi /

UK / ˈhæpi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

program

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US / 'prəʊɡræm /

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

A1
  • noun
  • Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
  • A plan or schedule of events
  • Series of classes at a college or university
  • A computer application
  • TV show
  • verb
  • To make someone act or think in a certain way
  • To write computer code for a piece of software

ready

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US / 'redɪ /

UK / ˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being likely or about to do something
  • Being willing to do a task
  • verb
  • To prepare something for use or action

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

person

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US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

rocket

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US / 'rɒkɪt /

UK / ˈrɑkɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Powerful engine that releases hot gases
  • Dark green, hot-tasting salad leaf
  • Weapon shaped like a long tube carrying bombs
  • Vehicle transporting people or things into space
  • verb
  • To travel, increase, or rise very quickly

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

wow

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US / waʊ /

UK / waʊ /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Sound people make when they make are impressed
  • verb
  • (Informal) to greatly impress someone

loose

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US / lu:s /

UK / lus /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Idea, thought, or work) unclear or imprecise
  • Not tightly attached or held
  • Not being attached to or contained within anything
  • Not tightly controlled, organized, or governed
  • verb
  • To shoot or fire something from a gun

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

musk

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US / mʌsk /

UK / mʌsk /

C1
  • noun
  • Strong sweet-smelling substance used in perfume

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

sixteenth

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US / ˌsɪks'ti:nθ /

UK / sɪkˈstinθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 16th

boyfriend

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US / ˈbɔɪfrend /

UK / ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Man (boy) romantically involved with girl

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

sort

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US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

syndrome

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US / 'sɪndrəʊm /

UK / ˈsɪnˌdrom /

B1
  • noun
  • A group of signs and symptoms of a disease

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

combust

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US / kəmˈbʌst /

UK / kəmˈbʌst /

A1
  • other
  • Cause to become violent or angry

population

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US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

someone

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US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person who is not known or named

taste

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US / teɪst /

UK / test /

A2
  • noun
  • (Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
  • Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
  • A liking for something; preference
  • Brief experience of something
  • verb
  • To experience something
  • To experience the flavor of food, drink
  • To briefly experience to see if you like something

toss

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US / tɒs /

UK / tɔ:s /

B1
  • verb
  • To throw something into the air, e.g. casually

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

guess

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US / ɡes /

UK / ɡɛs /

A1
  • noun
  • Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
  • verb
  • To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

forth

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US / fɔ:θ /

UK / fɔrθ, forθ /

B1
  • adverb
  • So as to be seen; out
  • Outward or forward in space, time

itself

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US / ɪtˈself /

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Referring to it

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

offshore

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US / ˌɒfˈʃɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈɔfˈʃɔr, -ˈʃor, ˈɑf- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tax avoidance schemes) not in your country
  • (Of winds) coming from the land

texas

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US / ˈtɛksəs /

UK / ˈtɛksəs /

A1
  • other
  • The second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

bid

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US / bɪd /

UK / bɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To propose an amount you want to pay for something
  • To order someone to do something
  • To express words of good wishes to someone leaving

garbage

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US / ˈgɑ:bɪdʒ /

UK / ˈgɑ:rbɪdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Waste material that has been thrown out

potent

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US / 'pəʊtnt /

UK / ˈpotnt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of men) being able to make a woman pregnant
  • Having a powerful effect, e.g. on the body or mind

walk

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US / wɔ:k /

UK / wɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
  • verb
  • To move with your legs at a slowish pace

astrophysicist

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US / ˌæstrəʊ'fɪzɪsɪst /

UK / ˌæstroʊ'fɪzɪsɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Astronomer who studies the physical and chemical properties of objects in space

explain

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US / ɪk'spleɪn /

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

A1
  • verb
  • To make clear or easy to understand by describing

pile

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US / paɪl /

UK / paɪl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Surface) consisting of usually short threads
  • noun
  • Large amount of something
  • Group of things one on top of another
  • Long post used to support something
  • Carpet, rug consisting of usually short threads
  • verb
  • (E.g. of problems) to increase; get more or worse

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

sure

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US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

third

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US / θɜ:d /

UK / θɜ:rd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 3rd: Number after second

among

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US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

airless

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US / ˈeələs /

UK / ˈɛrlɪs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking fresh air

chief

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US / tʃi:f /

UK / tʃif /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • The one highest in authority or importance
  • noun
  • Leader of a race or group of people
  • The one highest in authority or importance

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

terraform

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US / ˈterəfɔːm /

UK / ˈterəfɔːrm /

A1
  • transitive verb
  • (especially in science fiction) transform (a planet) so as to resemble the earth, especially so that

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

backup

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US / ˈbækʌp /

UK / ˈbækˌʌp /

A2
  • noun
  • Making additional copies of your computer data

concern

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US / kənˈsɜ:n /

UK / kənˈsɚn /

A2
  • noun
  • Company, firm or business
  • Feeling of worry or anxiety
  • verb
  • To be about a particular topic
  • To have a direct impact on someone
  • To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
  • To feel worry or anxiety

carbon

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US / 'kɑ:bən /

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

B1
  • noun
  • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

plus

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US / plʌs /

UK / plʌs /

A2
  • noun
  • A benefit or advantage
  • preposition
  • In addition; add
  • In addition to; Indicates a number above
  • Having a value greater than zero

rid

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US / rɪd /

UK / rɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

shock

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US / ʃɒk /

UK / ʃɑ:k /

A2
  • noun
  • The passage of an electricity through the body
  • Sudden bad feeling caused by something unexpected
  • verb
  • To affect someone with an electrical current
  • To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

totally

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US / ˈtəʊtəli /

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a complete way; completely; absolutely

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

practically

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US / ˈpræktɪkli /

UK / ˈpræktɪkli /

C1
  • adverb
  • Nearly, almost, or in effect
  • Subtitles section
  • This is StarTalk, Neil deGrasse Tyson here, your personal astrophysicist.
  • We're doing an explainer.
  • Chuck, you love you some explainers, don't you?
  • Of course I do, because I need everything explained to me.
  • That is where I live, and so this is my favorite.
  • That's your space, the explainer space.
  • The explainer space.
  • So I want to talk about Mars as a backup plan for Earth.
  • Is that a good idea?
  • Is that a bad idea?
  • I've done a lot of thinking about it, but so has friend of StarTalk, Katharine Hayhoe.
  • Katharine, welcome back to StarTalk.
  • Thank you for having me again.
  • Yeah, and remind me of your full title.
  • It's Katharine Hayhoe, Badass Climate Scientist.
  • That is all you need to know, Neil.
  • That's all you need to know.
  • Okay, badass climate scientist and distinguished professor at Texas Tech.
  • Did I get that correct?
  • You did, and then I'm also the chief scientist for the Nature Conservancy.
  • Nature Conservancy, where you run programs there exploring climate and all the ways it affects us.
  • Yes.
  • So, we all know that many people have talked about
  • Mars is a backup plan.
  • Get your ass to Mars.
  • Let's go back to Carl Sagan.
  • We need our species on more than one planet in case one goes extinct.
  • For whatever reason, asteroid, a killer virus, whatever.
  • So as a headline, it seems to make sense.
  • that Mars would be the backup plan.
  • We've heard Elon Musk.
  • You know that boy wants to go to Mars.
  • He's designing rockets to make that happen.
  • Stephen Hawking.
  • I forgot the quote.
  • What was it, Catherine, that Stephen Hawking said?
  • Well, you and I, Neil, were at one of Stephen Hawking's last talks at the Starmus Festival
  • And he was talking about how climate change was a serious threat to the future of humans and human civilization on this planet.
  • And I was sitting there nodding along as a climate scientist saying, yes, you're absolutely right.
  • And then he said something that completely shocked me.
  • He said, so that's why we have to terraform Mars.
  • And I thought, are you kidding?
  • Yeah, yeah.
  • So I don't think he thought that through.
  • Yeah.
  • Stephen Hawking, what a loose cannon that guy is.
  • God, if only he thought things through.
  • Okay, so what's your issue with it?
  • And then I'll tell you, then I'll pile on after that.
  • What was your issue with this thought?
  • Well, first of all, say that you did terraform Mars before human civilization self combusted due to the impacts of climate change.
  • Who would get there?
  • Not the eight billion people, just the, you know, the one percent of the one percent of the one percent.
  • Elon and his people.
  • Exactly.
  • It's sort of like that movie Kingsman where the guy was, you know, basically trying to just save his favorite people and then destroy the rest of the world.
  • It's completely unfair if you could do it, but I don't think you could because what's at stake here is not the planet itself.
  • It is our civilization that is number one on the chopping block.
  • And how are you going to get to Mars if you have a civilization that is just crumbling due to the impacts of climate change?
  • Or plus you go to Mars and then trash Mars.
  • Now you need a third planet.
  • There you go, right.
  • You need, you know, Earth plan C, right, rather than backup plan B. But that's not even my objection.
  • So what is yours?
  • May I?
  • Yes.
  • It's very simple.
  • I'm a simple person.
  • Chuck, why are you making a face?
  • Chuck, make a face.
  • I'm just a humble farmer.
  • A simple man with simple tastes.
  • I just tilled the back forty.
  • And no, I'm very practical minded in that sense, all right?
  • I'm an optimist, but from a very,
  • I'd like to think I'm a sensible optimist, rather than a dreamy optimist.
  • And so, here's how it goes.
  • It seems to me, if we're trashing Earth in all the ways we are, with plastic in the oceans, and climate change, and the carbon footprint, and all of this, we're trashing Earth.
  • and we figure out how to terraform Mars.
  • It seems to me, if we can turn Mars from what it is today into Earth, then we can turn Earth back into Earth.
  • You think?
  • So let's terraform Earth.
  • Exactly.
  • Let's terraform Earth.
  • If you could turn barren, dry, cold, airless Mars into an oasis,
  • That gap seems to me to be larger than whatever the hell we do to Earth to turn it back into Earth.
  • That's my first point.
  • That's why I don't think Hawking thought that through.
  • Because that power of geoengineering would enable us to fix Earth, okay?
  • Steven Hawking, you dumbass!
  • Well, I completely agree with you.
  • And in fact, when that happened, Martin Rees was right beside me, who, of course, is another astronomer.
  • And I said, do you agree with him?
  • Deep thinking astronomer.
  • Yes.
  • And this is what Martin Rees said.
  • He said, oh, no.
  • Fixing climate change is a doddle in the park compared to terraforming Mars.
  • Yes.
  • That's basically what I'm saying here.
  • Correct.
  • Correct.
  • So that's my first point.
  • Hey, Neil.
  • Happy Sweet Sixteen.
  • What?
  • This is your sixteenth book coming out, the one that we started working on together two years ago.
  • This?
  • Well, thank you.
  • Yes, it's my sixteenth book.
  • Practically forgot about it, because I've been very busy.
  • And I guess it's coming out in a month.
  • Well, it's my first book, so.
  • Oh, sorry.
  • We've got to do something.
  • Sorry.
  • So I should be more excited than, OK.
  • Absolutely.
  • Lindsay's first book?
  • I may be biased, but I think this is your best one yet.
  • Second point, second point.
  • Again, considering terraforming Mars and shipping a billion people there.
  • Just ask yourself, what could put us at risk?
  • Going back to the original Carl Sagan concern that an asteroid could take us out on Earth, so we need population on two planets.
  • As it took out the dinosaurs.
  • So my issue there is, whatever it takes,
  • to terraform Mars and ship a billion people there, it seems to me that's more effort than deflecting an asteroid.
  • I'm just spitballing here, right?
  • I'm just thinking, if you had that power, then bat the asteroids out of the way at will.
  • Because you'd have the power to accomplish that as well.
  • And I can continue this exercise with like a killer virus, let's say, okay?
  • Whatever it takes to terraform Mars and ship a billion people there.
  • That's probably harder than coming up with a perfect antiviral serum that will protect us from all future pathogens.
  • It seems to me.
  • So Catherine, am I wrong here?
  • Where are you on this?
  • No, you are totally right.
  • We humans are great at not wanting to fix what's right in front of our face and saying, oh, let's just go over there.
  • And what this is is, this is a syndrome that I think we've had as long as there's been human civilization on this planet.
  • What syndrome?
  • I like that.
  • Do you have a name for this syndrome?
  • I do.
  • What is it?
  • It's the Flat Earth Syndrome.
  • Oh, blood drawn.
  • Yes.
  • We have been behaving, our entire civilization, which isn't that old, you know, six to eight thousand years, we've been behaving as if the planet were flat and infinite.
  • That if there was garbage or waste or pollution that we needed to get rid of, we could just put it far away.
  • And if we needed something more, we could go get it over there or take it from someone else.
  • Well, the planet is not flat and infinite.
  • It is round and finite.
  • Emphasis on take it from someone else.
  • Yeah, well, yes.
  • Talk about four centuries of colonization.
  • OK, so go on.
  • Yes, yes, exactly.
  • So we have been acting this whole time as if there's always something new, and going to Mars is just an extension of the flat Earth syndrome, in my opinion.
  • Wow.
  • And there's some interesting sort of comedic moments there.
  • Do you remember, was it in?
  • Was it that girl with Marlo Thomas?
  • So, in that girl.
  • So, there's a scene where she's on the Staten Island Ferry and her boyfriend, Donald, okay, unwraps some candy or something and he just, he's ready to toss it overboard.
  • And she grabs his hand and has him put it in the trash can.
  • Okay, this is very, very forward thinking of her.
  • Then the janitor comes up afterwards and takes the entire trash can and dumps it into the ocean.
  • Dad, come on.
  • Into the ocean.
  • So the idea that you can belch forth smokestacks and auto exhaust into the air and dump garbage into the oceans is exactly what you're saying, Catherine.
  • That you just, like you said, you dump it out over here and get other stuff over there.
  • So Flat Earth Syndrome, ooh.
  • I love it.
  • Ooh.
  • Yeah.
  • So what we need is, uh, we need a black hole to dump stuff.
  • Now that's a great idea.
  • That's what we need.
  • Yeah.
  • I mean, I, I hear the offshore black hole.
  • Yeah.
  • All right.
  • And put all the plastic, all the, and that black hole will don't care what you made up.
  • It'll take you right to the singularity and you'll be a pile of atoms at that point.
  • Right, there you go.
  • What do you think of my solution, Catherine?
  • Where's the closest black hole?
  • Yeah, two thumbs up.
  • So Chuck, we just need a way to corral it and then bring it close.
  • Who's going to grab it without getting sucked in?
  • So there's some practical issues.
  • Well, that's what poor people are for.
  • And no, seriously, that's how Elon Musk, I'm sure he's got a plan.
  • Okay, we got to call it quits there's been a fast explainer, but Catherine.
  • Thanks for sharing your perspectives along with mine on Mars as Earth plan B. It's a bad idea Let's fix Earth with all of our genius that we know walk among us and all of our inventiveness and ingenuity
  • Because the I don't want to die force can be quite potent with I want to live, right, when you want to find a solution.
  • So all right, Catherine, we'll see you again next time.
  • Chuck, always good to have you.
  • Always a pleasure.
  • All right.
  • Neil deGrasse Tyson here, signing off for another StarTalk Explainer.
  • As always, I bid you keep looking up.