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Israel: Who Are the Indigenous People?

Video vocabulary

hello

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US / hə'ləʊ /

UK / hɛˈlo, hə- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • What you say when you meet someone

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

religion

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US / rɪˈlɪdʒən /

UK / rɪˈlɪdʒən /

A2
  • noun
  • Organized set of beliefs about a god or gods
  • Belief in God or gods that governs people's lives

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

zion

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US / ˈzaiən /

UK / ˈzaɪən /

A1
  • noun
  • The hill of Jerusalem on which the city of David was built.
  • (in Christian thought) the heavenly city or kingdom of heaven.
  • (among Rastafarians) Africa.

caliphate

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US / ˈkælɪfeɪt /

UK / ˈkeɪlɪfeɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Era of Islam's ascendancy to the 13th century

safeguard

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US / ˈseɪfgɑ:d /

UK / ˈseɪfgɑ:rd /

B2
  • verb
  • To protect and ensure the safety of

rebuild

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US / ˌri:'bɪld /

UK / riˈbɪld /

A2
  • verb
  • To get back something that was lost, e.g. trust
  • To repair something that was damaged or destroyed

decree

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US / dɪ'kri: /

UK / dɪˈkri /

B2
  • noun
  • Official order issued by an authority
  • verb
  • To give an order as an authority

earth

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US / ɜ:θ /

UK / ɚθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • The planet we live on
  • Soil in which we grow plants

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

strong

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US / strɒŋ /

UK / strɔŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tea or beer) dark or thick
  • Having big muscles; physically powerful

declaration

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US / ˌdekləˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌdɛkləˈreʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Stating the cost of things purchased overseas
  • Official statement about something

land

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US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

source

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US / sɔ:s /

UK / sɔrs, sors /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
  • noun
  • Piece of information; a person giving information
  • Place from which something necessary comes
  • verb
  • To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

destroy

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US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To damage so badly that something no longer exists
  • To defeat someone or something easily
  • To kill a sick or unwanted animal

greek

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US / gri:k /

UK / ɡrik /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Greece
  • noun
  • Person from Greece

babylonian

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US / ˌbæbiˈləunjən /

UK / ˌbæbəˈloniən /

A1
  • other
  • An inhabitant of ancient Babylon
  • Ideographic and syllabic writing system in which the ancient Babylonian language was written

pledge

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US / pledʒ /

UK / plɛdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • A formal promise
  • verb
  • To make a promise; make an oath

sovereign

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US / ˈsɒvrɪn /

UK / ˈsɑ:vrən /

B2
  • noun
  • King, queen, emperor etc. of a country

chinese

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of China

disconnect

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US / ˌdɪskəˈnekt /

UK / ˌdɪskəˈnɛkt /

B2
  • noun
  • State of being separated from something else
  • verb
  • To separate something from something else

jew

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US / dʒuː /

UK / dʒuː /

C2
  • noun
  • One of a people whose religion is Judaism

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

modern

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US / ˈmɔdən /

UK / ˈmɑdən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

nation

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US / 'neɪʃn /

UK / ˈneʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Area or region controlled by a government and army

hebrew

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US / ˈhi:bru: /

UK / ˈhibru /

C2
  • noun
  • Ancient Semitic language now spoken in Israel

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

artefact

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US / ˈɑ:tɪfækt /

UK / ˈɑrtəˌfækt /

B1
  • noun
  • Man-made object, usually of historic importance

originate

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US / ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt /

UK / əˈrɪdʒəˌnet /

A2
  • verb
  • To first come into existence
  • To create or start something

race

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US / reɪs /

UK / res /

A2
  • noun
  • Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
  • People who share physical features or culture
  • verb
  • To take part in a running or swimming competition
  • To move or go at a very fast pace
  • To take someone, something to a place very quickly

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

deny

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US / dɪ'naɪ /

UK / dɪˈnaɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To refuse to allow or accept something

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

temple

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US / 'templ /

UK / ˈtɛmpəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A flat area on the side of the forehead
  • Place for worship in many religions

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

cherish

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US / ˈtʃerɪʃ /

UK / ˈtʃɛrɪʃ /

B1
  • verb
  • To care a lot about or love someone or something
  • To remember or keep something with a lot of care

independence

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US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəns /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Having the freedom to make your own decisions

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

conquer

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US / 'kɒŋkə(r) /

UK / ˈkɑŋkɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To take possession of (land, city) with an army
  • To beat something difficult, e.g. a fear; overcome

conscience

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US / 'kɒnʃəns /

UK / ˈkɑnʃəns /

B1
  • noun
  • Ability to sense what is right or wrong

babylon

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US / ˈbæbilən /

UK / ˈbæbələn, -ˌlɑn /

A1
  • noun
  • (chiefly among Rastafarians) a contemptuous or dismissive term for aspects of a society seen as dege
  • proper noun
  • An ancient city in Mesopotamia, the capital of Babylonia in the 2nd millennium BC. The city was on t
  • A town on the southern shore of Long Island in New York that includes the villages of Babylon and Am

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

burn

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US / bɜ:n /

UK / bɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Damage from fire or heat
  • verb
  • To destroy with fire
  • To feel pain and heat
  • To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
  • To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

solomon

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US / ˈsɒləmən /

UK / ˈsɑːləmən /

A1
  • noun
  • A very wise person.
  • proper noun
  • Son of David, king of ancient Israel c.970–c.930 BC. In the Bible Solomon is traditionally associate

india

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US / 'ɪndɪə /

UK / ˈɪndɪə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A country in southern Asia that occupies the greater part of the Indian subcontinent; population 1,3

village

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US / 'vɪlɪdʒ /

UK / ˈvɪlɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Small town in the country

flow

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US / fləʊ /

UK / flo /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of something that moves through an area
  • verb
  • To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

population

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US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

egypt

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US / 'i:dʒɪpt /

UK / 'i:dʒɪpt /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until; site of an ancient civili

ensure

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US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something sure, certain, or safe

integral

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US / ˈɪntɪgrəl /

UK / ˈɪntɪɡrəl, ɪnˈtɛɡrəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being an essential part of something; necessary

write

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
  • To invent or create a computer program
  • To create a song or piece of music

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

ancestral

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US / ænˋsestrəl /

UK / ænˋsestrəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning dead relatives

book

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US / bʊk /

UK / bʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
  • verb
  • (Police) to officially record someone's crimes
  • To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
  • To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

crusader

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US / kru:ˈseɪdə(r) /

UK / kruˈsedɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Someone who leads a campaign for a worthy cause

immigrant

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US / ˈɪmɪgrənt /

UK / ˈɪmɪɡrənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Person moving to another country to live there

harvest

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US / ˈhɑ:vɪst /

UK / ˈhɑ:rvɪst /

B1
  • noun
  • Gathering crops from the fields; the crops
  • The time of year to bring crops in from the fields
  • verb
  • To gather ripe crops in from the fields

seven

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US / ˈsevn /

UK / ˈsɛvən /

A1
  • number
  • Number 7

span

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US / spæn /

UK / spæn /

B1
  • noun
  • Distance between two supports of a bridge
  • Period of time that something continues for
  • other
  • Periods of time that something continues for
  • verb
  • To go across a certain distance between things
  • To cover or extend over a time period

revolt

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US / rɪ'vəʊlt /

UK / rɪˈvolt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing you to feel distaste or shock
  • noun
  • Protest against authority; fight to take control
  • Often violent rising up against a government
  • verb
  • To refuse to obey someone's authority or wishes
  • To cause someone to feel distaste or shock

exclusively

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US / ɪk'sklu:sɪvlɪ /

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪvlɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • For the use of only one person or group

historical

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US / /

UK / /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Connected with the past

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

relationship

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US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

A2
  • noun
  • Connection between two or more people or things
  • Way people interact or live with each other
  • Romantic or loving friendship between two people

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

arab

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US / ˈærəb /

UK / ˈærəb /

C2
  • noun
  • Citizen of an Arabic speaking nation

jewish

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US / ˈdʒu:ɪʃ /

UK / ˈdʒuɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve

represent

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US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
  • To show or describe something in a particular way
  • To act on behalf of others in government
  • To act or speak for another person or other people

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

cyrus

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US / ˈsaiərəs /

UK / ˈsaɪrəs /

A1
  • proper noun
  • (died c.530 BC), king of Persia 559–530 BC; founder of the Achaemenid dynasty; father of Cambyses; k
  • (died 401 BC), Persian prince; known as Cyrus the Younger. On the death of his father, Darius II, in

heritage

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US / 'herɪtɪdʒ /

UK / ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Traditional beliefs or customs of a culture

king

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US / kɪŋ /

UK / kɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person considered the best or top at something
  • Playing card with the image of a king on it
  • Key piece in the game of chess
  • Royal male ruler of a country
  • Person's name

pride

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US / praɪd /

UK / praɪd /

A2
  • noun
  • Sense of your own importance and worth
  • verb
  • To be proud of something you did

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

barley

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US / ˈbɑ:li /

UK / ˈbɑ:rli /

B2
  • noun
  • Plant producing grain used in food and alcohol

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

site

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US / saɪt /

UK / saɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Place that is reserved for a particular activity
  • Location of building work
  • Location of something
  • Place where something of special interest happened
  • Website
  • verb
  • To place something in a particular position, area

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

symbolism

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US / ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm /

UK / ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm /

A2
  • noun
  • System of signs or representations

ottoman

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US / 'ɒtəmən /

UK / 'ɑ:təmən /

A1
  • noun
  • A Turk (especially a Turk who is a member of the tribe of Osman I)
  • other
  • Of or relating to the Ottoman Empire or its people or its culture
  • The Turkish dynasty that ruled the Ottoman Empire from the th century to its dissolution after World
  • Thick cushion used as a seat

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

education

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US / ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Academic field studying the practice of teaching
  • Process of giving or receiving teaching

judaism

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US / ˈdʒu:deɪɪzəm /

UK / ˈdʒudiˌɪzəm /

A1
  • noun
  • Monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in th

political

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US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being active or interested in government matters
  • Diplomatic
  • Of the system of elections and government
  • Concerning government or public affairs
  • Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

specie

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US / 'spi:ʃi: /

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Singular of species

christian

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US / ˈkrɪstʃən /

UK / ˈkrɪstʃən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Based on the teachings of Jesus
  • noun
  • Person believing in the teachings of Jesus Christ

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

practice

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US / 'præktɪs /

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • The office and place for legal or medical work
  • Doing something many times to become better at it
  • verb
  • To work as a doctor or lawyer
  • To live according to the teachings of a religion
  • To do something many times to improve a skill

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

city

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US / 'sɪtɪ /

UK / ˈsɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • Area with many buildings, roads and people

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

language

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US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Words or signs used to communicate messages

directly

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US / dəˈrektli /

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a frank and honest way
  • Right away; immediately

existential

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US / ˌegzɪˈstenʃəl /

UK / ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl, ˌɛksɪ- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Philosophy concerning existence

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

sex

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US / seks /

UK / sɛks /

A2
  • noun
  • State of being male or female
  • Physical activity by which we produce babies

prayer

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US / prɛə /

UK / prɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Words spoken to your god for help
  • (+negative) small chance of succeeding
  • Strong desire, wish, or hope for a thing to happen

empire

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US / ˈempaɪə(r) /

UK / ˈɛmˌpaɪr /

B1
  • noun
  • Group of countries controlled by one government

house

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US / haʊs /

UK / haʊs /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where a specific activity or business occurs
  • Building in which a family, person lives
  • verb
  • To give someone a place to live
  • To contain or store something

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

anyone

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US / ˈeniwʌn /

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Any person

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

celebrate

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US / 'selɪbreɪt /

UK / ˈsɛləˌbret /

A2
  • verb
  • To observe an event or occasion, e.g. a birthday
  • To lead or participate in a religious ceremony
  • To express praise or thanks for something

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

swap

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US / swɒp /

UK / swɑp /

B2
  • noun
  • A trade or exchange of goods without using money
  • verb
  • To exchange goods without spending money; trade

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

movement

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US / ˈmu:vmənt /

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a piece of classical music
  • Group with a shared interest or goal
  • Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
  • Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
  • Part of a piece of music

china

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US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
  • other
  • High quality porcelain originally made only in China

destruction

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US / dɪ'strʌkʃn /

UK / dɪˈstrʌkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of destroying; damaging beyond repair

guarantee

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US / ˌɡærən'ti: /

UK / ˌɡærənˈti /

A2
  • noun
  • A promise to repair a broken product
  • Promise that something will be done as expected
  • verb
  • To promise to repair a broken product
  • To promise that something will happen or be done
  • To promise to pay if another person fails to do so

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

israel

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US / 'ɪzreɪl /

UK / 'ɪzreɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine

kibbutz

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US / kɪˈbʊts /

UK / kɪ'bʊts /

C2
  • noun
  • Collective Israeli settlement owned by its members

regardless

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US / rɪˈgɑ:dləs /

UK / rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without being affected or concerned by something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

british

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US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of British

build

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US / bɪld /

UK / bɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • Your physical shape; physique
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

honey

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US / ˈhʌni /

UK / ˈhʌni /

A2
  • noun
  • Sweet, thick golden liquid that is made by bees
  • Darling; used to refer to express love

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

prove

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US / pru:v /

UK / pruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

tongue

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US / tʌŋ /

UK / tʌŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Long, thin part of (e.g. shoe under the laces)
  • Meat from the mouth of an animal, cooked as food
  • A language
  • Movable fleshy thing in your mouth, for tasting
  • Act of scolding someone
  • A specific manner of speaking
  • verb
  • To using your mouth to produce musical notes
  • To use your mouth to touch something

bring

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US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

self

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US / self /

UK / sɛlf /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's own interests or desires
  • Person that someone really is
  • Particular aspect of someone's personality
  • Person, usually someone already been mentioned

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

tie

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US / taɪ /

UK / taɪ /

A2
  • noun
  • Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
  • Strong connection between people, countries
  • When both sides in a game, vote get same score
  • One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
  • Something that lessens a person's freedom
  • Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
  • Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
  • verb
  • To attach things (together) with a string or rope
  • To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
  • To require someone to be in a specific place

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

hanukkah

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US / ˈhænʊkə /

UK / ˈūɑnəkə, ˈhɑ- /

A1
  • other
  • (Judaism) an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in B

historian

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US / hɪˈstɔ:riən /

UK / hɪˈstɔriən /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who studies the course of history

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

misunderstood

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US / ˌmɪsʌndə'stʊd /

UK / ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstʊd /

A2
  • verb
  • To fail to get the meaning correctly

return

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US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Do again; repeated
  • noun
  • Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
  • Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
  • Profit made as a result of a business activity
  • Process of going back to a previous way or state
  • verb
  • To hit something back to the other player or team
  • To come back after being away from somewhere
  • To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
  • To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
  • To occur again

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

identity

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US / aɪ'dentətɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Collection of qualities that makes a person

prosperity

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US / prɒ'sperətɪ /

UK / prɑˈspɛrɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being financially/economically successful
  • State of growing and being healthy

simple

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US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

bible

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US / ˈbaɪbl /

UK / ˈbaɪbl /

B1
  • noun
  • Book of collected Christian writings

anything

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US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • A thing of any kind

archaeologist

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US / ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒɪst /

UK / ˌɑrkɪˈɑlədʒɪst /

C1
  • noun
  • Scientist studying ancient societies

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

murderous

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US / 'mɜ:dərəs /

UK / ˈmədərəs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • That results in death(s)

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

approximately

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US / əˈprɒksɪmətli /

UK / əˈprɑksəmɪtlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Around; nearly; almost; about (a number)

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

antisemitism

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US / /

UK / /

B1
  • noun
  • Dislike or hatred of Jewish people

culture

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US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Beliefs and customs of a particular group

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

ancient

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US / 'eɪnʃənt /

UK / ˈenʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very old; having lived a very long time ago

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

guide

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US / ɡaɪd /

UK / ɡaɪd /

A2
  • noun
  • Book or a magazine containing information/advice
  • Person leading others visiting an unknown place
  • verb
  • To help or advise someone about something
  • To control missile to hit a target by radio signal
  • To lead people visiting a new or unknown place

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

connection

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US / kəˈnekʃn /

UK / kəˈnɛkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that joins things together; being joined
  • Person you know who can help you in some way
  • Changing vehicles when traveling

exile

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US / 'eksaɪl /

UK / ˈɛɡˌzaɪl, ˈɛkˌsaɪl /

B2
  • noun
  • State of being forced to leave your country
  • One forced to leave their home and live elsewhere
  • verb
  • One forced to leave their home and live elsewhere

milk

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US / mɪlk /

UK / mɪlk /

A1
  • noun
  • White liquid produced by females to feed babies
  • verb
  • To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
  • To take as much from a person/situation as you can

nine

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US / naɪn /

UK / naɪn /

A1
  • number
  • 9

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

grandparent

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US / ˈgrænpeərənt /

UK / ˈɡrændˌpɛrənt, -ˌpær-, ˈɡræn- /

B2
  • noun
  • Your mother or father's parent

homeland

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US / ˈhəʊmlænd /

UK / ˈhoʊmlænd /

C1
  • noun
  • Country where you were born

local

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US / ˈləʊkl /

UK / ˈloʊkl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to a particular area, city, or town
  • noun
  • Bus or train, that stops at most stations
  • People who live in the area being discussed
  • The pub you most frequently go to

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

judea

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US / dʒu:ˈdiə /

UK / dʒuˈdiə, -ˈdeə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The southern part of ancient Palestine, corresponding to the former kingdom of Judah.

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

resident

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US / ˈrezɪdənt /

UK / ˈrɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Someone who lives in a particular place
  • noun
  • Trainee doctor who works/lives in a hospital

throughout

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US / θru:ˈaʊt /

UK / θruˈaʊt /

A2
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

forever

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US / fər'evə(r) /

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

B1
  • adverb
  • For all future time; in the future

name

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US / neɪm /

UK / nem /

A1
  • noun
  • What something or someone is called
  • verb
  • To state what someone is called, e.g. John

encounter

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US / ɪn'kaʊntə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈkaʊntɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
  • verb
  • To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
  • To meet someone or something unexpectedly

citizen

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US / 'sɪtɪzn /

UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who belongs to and has rights in a country

egyptian

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US / ɪ'dʒɪpʃn /

UK / ɪˈdʒɪpʃən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Egypt
  • noun
  • Person from Egypt

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

nineteenth

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US / ˌnaɪn'ti:nθ /

UK / naɪnˈtinθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 19th

stand

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US / stænd /

UK / stænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Effort to fight against something
  • Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
  • Place in a stadium where spectators watch
  • Table where things are sold at a fair or market
  • verb
  • To be a candidate in an election
  • To be able to accept someone, something; bear
  • To last for a long time
  • To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
  • To place something in a particular position; place
  • To be (as stated)
  • To still be valid
  • To have an opinion about something

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

sixth

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US / sɪksθ /

UK / sɪksθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 6th

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

inhabit

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US / ɪnˈhæbɪt /

UK / ɪnˈhæbɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To live in a certain area or place

olive

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US / ˈɒlɪv /

UK / ˈɑ:lɪv /

B1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Small, oval-shaped black or green fruit

word

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US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

order

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US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

prager

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US / 'prɑ:dəʊ /

UK / 'prɑ:doʊ /

A1

verify

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US / 'verɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To prove that something is right, accurate or true

indigenous

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US / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

UK / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being naturally from an area, not somewhere else

mention

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US / 'menʃn /

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of referring to or talking about something
  • verb
  • To refer to or talk or write about something

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

palestinians

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US / ˌpælɪˈstɪnɪənz /

UK / ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz /

A1
  • other
  • People from Palestine

stretch

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US / stretʃ /

UK / strɛtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
  • A consecutive row of things
  • A period of time
  • verb
  • To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
  • To make something bigger by pulling on it

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

wall

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US / wɔ:l /

UK / wɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • High, flat side of a room or building

capital

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US / 'kæpɪtl /

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main, or major
  • noun
  • Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
  • Official main city of a country, province or state
  • Collective name for money, shares, and assets
  • Money that is used for a business

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

prophecy

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US / 'prɒfəsɪ /

UK / ˈprɑfɪsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Statement that something will happen in the future

root

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US / ru:t /

UK / rut, rʊt /

A2
  • noun
  • Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
  • The origin or starting place of something
  • A number that is multiplied by itself
  • Part of plant growing underground, as to get water
  • Part of tooth, hair etc. from which the rest grows
  • Base part of a word to which affixes can be added
  • verb
  • To cause a plant to develop or grow roots
  • (Animals) to search for e.g. food in earth
  • To stop someone moving, as through fear

wheat

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US / wi:t /

UK / hwit, wit /

B1
  • noun
  • A kind of grain that is used to make flour

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

byzantine

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US / baɪˈzæntaɪn /

UK / ˈbɪzəntiːn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Highly complex or intricate and sometimes devious
  • Of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it
  • noun
  • A native or inhabitant of Byzantium or of the Byzantine Empire

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

season

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US / ˈsi:zn /

UK / ˈsizən /

A1
  • noun
  • One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
  • Time of year when something usually happens
  • verb
  • To add pepper and salt to something
  • To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

welcome

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US / 'welkəm /

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being what was wanted or needed
  • noun
  • Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
  • verb
  • To greet someone who has just arrived
  • To accept or receive something happily and gladly

university

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US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

A1
  • noun
  • High-level educational institution; college

bear

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US / bɛː /

UK / bɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
  • Someone who expects stock market to fall
  • verb
  • To accept (responsibilities or duties)
  • To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
  • To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
  • To keep moving left or right while going forward
  • To show (sign of something)
  • To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

freedom

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US / 'fri:dəm /

UK / ˈfridəm /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being free, not being controlled

hand

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US / hænd /

UK / hænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Cards given to a player in a card game
  • Piece of a clock that points to the time
  • Someone who performs physical tasks or work
  • Body part at the end of a person's arm
  • Help for someone performing a particular action
  • Condition of having power or influence
  • Member of the crew of a ship
  • verb
  • To give something to someone personally

holy

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US / 'həʊlɪ /

UK / ˈholi /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good according to religious standards

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

equality

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US / iˈkwɒləti /

UK / iˈkwɑ:ləti /

A2
  • noun
  • Idea that all people have the same rights

social

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US / ˈsəuʃəl /

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • Liking being with other people; friendly
  • Living together and depending on each other

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

community

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US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people who share a common idea or area

document

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US / 'dɒkjʊmənt /

UK / ˈdɑkjəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Official (printed) record that gives information
  • verb
  • To support an opinion with recorded evidence

page

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US / peɪdʒ /

UK / pedʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • One side of a sheet of paper
  • (Olden times) boy servant of a king or queen
  • Screen of information on an online service
  • verb
  • To call for someone via a phone or speaker

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

initially

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US / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • At first; originally

holiday

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US / ˈhɒlədeɪ /

UK / ˈhɑ:lədeɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Day when people don't go to work or school
  • A day for a culture to celebrate; festival day
  • Time of year when people go somewhere for fun/rest

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

ruler

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US / ˈru:lə(r) /

UK / ˈrulɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone who has control over a country or area
  • Straight instrument used for measuring things

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

six

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US / sɪks /

UK / sɪks /

A1
  • number
  • 6

sixty

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US / 'sɪkstɪ /

UK / ˈsɪksti /

A1
  • number
  • 60

western

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US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

exist

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US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

A1
  • verb
  • To be present, alive or real

israeli

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US / ɪz'reɪlɪ /

UK / ɪzˈreli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Israel

twelve

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US / twelv /

UK / twɛlv /

A1
  • number
  • 12

crop

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US / krɒp /

UK / krɑp /

B1
  • noun
  • Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
  • Section of short, thick hair
  • verb
  • To cut something to a shorter length or size

commonwealth

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US / ˈkɒmənwelθ /

UK / ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ /

B2
  • noun
  • Group of countries connected politically

grape

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US / greɪp /

UK / ɡrep /

B2
  • noun
  • Fruit from which wine is made

history

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US / 'hɪstrɪ /

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Established pattern or record
  • Study of past events as an academic subject

inscription

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US / ɪnˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / ɪnˈskrɪpʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Words that are written or cut into statue, etc.

roman

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US / rɔmə /

UK / roˈmɑŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A resident of modern Rome
  • other
  • A typeface used in ancient Roman inscriptions
  • An inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire
  • Characteristic of the modern type that most directly represents the type used in ancient Roman inscr
  • Of or relating to or supporting Romanism
  • Relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

determination

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US / dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn /

UK / dɪˌtɚməˈneʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Will to achieve a goal despite difficulties

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

often

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US / ˈɔfən /

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Many times; frequently; on many occasions

defeat

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US / dɪ'fi:t /

UK / dɪˈfit /

B1
  • noun
  • When you lose a fight, game or competition
  • verb
  • To beat an enemy, team, disease

hundred

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US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100
  • Subtitles section
  • When we think about indigenous people, we think about their deep roots and long standing connections to the land they inhabit, often spanning centuries or even millennia.
  • For example, the Chinese are from China, the Egyptians are from Egypt, and the Indians are from India.
  • But what about the Jews?
  • Well, the Jews are from Judea, the modern day land of Israel, where Jewish heritage stretches back over three thousand years.
  • And like other indigenous people, the connection to the Jewish homeland is an integral part of the Jewish identity.
  • Judaism is not just a religion, but the Jews are also a people with strong ties to the place from which they originated, the ancient land of Israel.
  • The practice of Judaism is directly connected to that land.
  • It celebrates holidays like the harvest time and has prayers that are tied to the seasons in the land of Israel.
  • Seven crop species, including olives, grapes, wheat, and barley, are cherished in Jewish symbolism because they represent Israel, the land flowing with milk and honey.
  • For centuries, Jews have been saying l'shanah b'Abi Yerushalayim, or next year in Jerusalem, never forgetting their connection to the Land of Israel.
  • But don't just take my word for it.
  • Historians and archaeologists also point to artifacts and historical writings that prove the connection between the Land of Israel and the Jewish people.
  • Hebrew inscriptions have been found on thousands of artifacts dating as far back as the sixth century B.C.
  • Hebrew is my mother's tongue.
  • I can read these thousands of years old artifacts.
  • In addition to Jewish sources, an Egyptian document dating to approximately twelve hundred B.C.
  • mentions a campaign in which an Egyptian ruler says that he has defeated Israel.
  • Israel is no more, the document reads, probably the worst prophecy ever made about the Jews since, you know, I'm still here.
  • The Hebrew Bible is, of course, more than just a history book, but there's a lot of verified history in it.
  • The fact that Jerusalem is mentioned six hundred and sixty nine times in its pages confirms that the city is central to the Jewish identity.
  • Politically, the land of Israel swapped hands for thousands of years, but it was never anything other than a sovereign Jewish state.
  • Let me say that again.
  • The only sovereign state that ever existed in the land of Israel forever is a Jewish state.
  • The Jewish people have formed three nation states in the Land of Israel throughout history.
  • The first was the First Commonwealth, ruled by the House of David, and had lasted for more than four centuries.
  • Israel was united by King David, and Jerusalem was the capital of that Jewish state.
  • The First Temple, built by King Solomon, was a huge source of Jewish pride.
  • Then, the Babylonians conquered the land, exiling most of the Jewish residents to Babylon.
  • In the year of Persia, King Cyrus conquered Babylon and issued the Cyrus Decree, allowing the Jews to return to Israel.
  • And many did.
  • They rebuilt the country, including the Second Temple in Jerusalem, on the site of the destroyed First Temple.
  • Its western wall is still standing, and today it is the holiest site of the Jewish people.
  • The second Jewish state is often referred to as the Second Commonwealth, later called the Kingdom of Judea, born from the Maccabean revolt against the Greeks.
  • Hello, Hanukkah.
  • It was a time of independence, but it didn't last.
  • In AD the Romans conquered Jerusalem and burned down the temple, exiling most of the Jewish population and giving the land a new name, Palestina, in order to disconnect the relationship between the Jewish people and their homeland.
  • After the destruction of the Second Temple, the land of Israel changed hands many times, from the Romans, the Byzantines, the Caliphate, the Crusaders, the Mamluks, the Ottomans, and the British Empire.
  • But it wasn't until the nineteenth century that the Jewish people's longing to return to their homeland became an existential need because of the rise of murderous antisemitism.
  • a movement was born, Zionism, the Jewish people's right to have a state again.
  • Zion, by the way, is just another name for Jerusalem.
  • It's mentioned in the Bible over a hundred times.
  • Zionism is a movement for Jewish self determination in their ancestral land in a Jewish, not an exclusively Jewish, state.
  • Initially, locals welcomed new Jewish immigrants, like my great grandparents, who brought prosperity to the land with new cities and agricultural villages called kibbutzim.
  • The people they encountered there included the community of Jews who had never left Israel, known as the Old Yeshuv.
  • The Israeli Declaration of Independence ensures equality of social and political rights to all its citizens, regardless of religion, race, or sex, guaranteeing freedom of religion, conscience, language, education, and culture, and pledging to safeguard the holy places of all religions.
  • which is what Israel does.
  • Israel doesn't deny anyone else's identity.
  • Of course, there have always been people of non Jewish identity in the land, including modern Arab Palestinians, who also have ties to the place the Jews celebrate as the Land of Israel and the Christians call the Holy Land.
  • But if you support indigenous peoples' rights, you should also be a Zionist and understand that the Jews are the indigenous people of the Land of Israel who never really left.
  • I'm Noah Tishbe, author of Israel, a Simple Guide to the Most Misunderstood Country on Earth, for Prager University.