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Panning & Tilting Camera Movements — The Ultimate Guide

Video vocabulary

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

earl

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US / ɜ:l /

UK / ə:l /

B2
  • noun
  • Man with a high or noble rank in a society
  • Person's name

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

simply

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US / ˈsɪmpli /

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an easy or clear manner

vertical

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US / ˈvɜ:tɪkl /

UK / ˈvɜ:rtɪkl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

image

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US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Picture, sculpture or painting of something
  • General idea or opinion of something
  • verb
  • To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

epic

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US / 'epɪk /

UK / ˈɛpɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Going on for a long time; awe-inspiring
  • noun
  • A long story, often about many people and events

outside

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US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adverb
  • Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
  • noun
  • Area around or near something, such as a building
  • preposition
  • Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

repetitive

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US / rɪˈpetətɪv /

UK / rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Doing or saying the same things many times

tarkovsky

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • Russian filmmaker

software

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US / ˈsɒftweə(r) /

UK / ˈsɔ:ftwer /

A1
  • noun
  • Computer applications and systems

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

school

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US / sku:l /

UK / skul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being to do with schools and education
  • noun
  • Large group of fish that swim together
  • Education of a child
  • Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
  • A particular belief or idea about something
  • verb
  • To teach or train someone to know or do something

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

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US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

andrei

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US / ˈænˌdəʊvə, -də- /

UK / ˈænˌdovɚ, -də- /

A1

beau

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US / bəʊ /

UK / bo /

C1
  • noun
  • Handsome man; a boyfriend

highlight

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US / ˈhaɪlaɪt /

UK / ˈhaɪˌlaɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Best or most interesting part of something
  • Spot or section lighter than the area around it
  • verb
  • To use chemicals to make some hair a lighter color
  • To make people aware of a problem, subject, issue
  • To focus particular attention on; draw attention
  • To use a pen to mark places of interest in a book

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

favourite

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US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

UK / 'fevərɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Best liked or most enjoyed
  • noun
  • A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

purely

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US / ˈpjʊəli /

UK / ˈpjʊrli /

A2
  • adverb
  • For no other reason; only and completely

wish

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US / wɪʃ /

UK / wɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Expression of a hope for something in the future
  • verb
  • To want something to happen or to become true

john

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US / dʒɔn /

UK / dʒɑn /

A1
  • noun
  • A toilet.
  • A prostitute's client.
  • proper noun
  • (1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
  • The name of six kings of Portugal.

hollywood

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US / ˈhɔli:ˌwʊd /

UK / ˈhɑliˌwʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A flashy vulgar tone or atmosphere believed to be characteristic of the American film industry
  • noun
  • A district of Los Angeles long associated with the American film industry
  • other
  • Of or relating to the film industry in the United States
  • Film industry of the United States

entire

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US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

portrayal

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US / pɔ:ˈtreɪəl /

UK / pɔ:rˈtreɪəl /

B2
  • noun
  • Actor's representation of a character
  • The way person/thing is represented in a book etc.

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

protocol

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US / 'prəʊtəkɒl /

UK / ˈprotəˌkɔl, -ˌkol, -ˌkɑl /

B1
  • noun
  • Written agreement between countries
  • Set of rules computers use to exchange data
  • Set of rules regarding correct procedure

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

adjust

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US / əˈdʒʌst /

UK / əˈdʒʌst /

A2
  • verb
  • To change; to attain a desired state or function
  • To change so as to fit in with new conditions

distract

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US / dɪ'strækt /

UK / dɪˈstrækt /

B1
  • verb
  • To draw someone's attention away from something

multiple

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US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having or involving more than one of something
  • noun
  • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
  • Shop with many branches

deflate

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US / dɪˈfleɪt /

UK / dɪˈflet /

B2
  • verb
  • To collapse through air/gas being released

lead

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US / li:d /

UK / lid /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the main part in movies or plays
  • noun
  • Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • Information that could help to solve a crime
  • Main part in a play or movie
  • Heavy, gray metal element
  • Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
  • Act of being at the front in a race or game
  • verb
  • To show the way or guide others
  • To be at the front of a race or game
  • To travel in front of; go in advance of others

fantine

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US / fæn'tæstɪkl /

UK / fæn'tæstɪkəl /

A1

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

vertigo

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US / 'vɜ:tɪɡəʊ /

UK / ˈvə:tɪˌɡo /

A1
  • noun
  • Confused, disoriented state of mind

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

emmanuel

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The name given to Christ as the deliverer of Judah prophesied by Isaiah (Isa. 7:14, 8:8; Matt. 1:23)

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

monotony

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US / məˈnɒtəni /

UK / məˈnɑtni /

B2
  • noun
  • Sameness leading to boredom; monotonousness

lyndon

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US / ˈlɪndən /

UK / /

A1

man

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US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

underestimate

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US / ˌʌndər'estɪmeɪt /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈɛstəmet /

B2
  • verb
  • To make too low a guess of something's size, value

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

patiently

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US / 'peɪʃntlɪ /

UK / ˈpeʃəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without getting annoyed when things take time

mirror

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US / 'mɪrə(r) /

UK / ˈmɪrɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Thing with glass surface used to look at yourself
  • An accurate impression or picture of something
  • verb
  • To reflect (an image)
  • To have similar qualities to something else

pam

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US / /

UK / /

A1

upon

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US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

A1
  • preposition
  • More formal term for 'on'

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

hallway

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US / ˈhɔ:lweɪ /

UK / ˈhɔlˌwe /

B2
  • noun
  • Interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

performer

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US / pəˈfɔ:mə(r) /

UK / pərˈfɔ:rmə(r) /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who completes a task well
  • Actor, musician, dancer, etc. who entertains

subtle

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US / 'sʌtl /

UK / ˈsʌtl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Delicate or slight so it is difficult to perceive
  • Clever or indirect but hides the true purpose

relation

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US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Connection between two or more things
  • A member of your family
  • Way in which two or more things are connected

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

scene

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US / si:n /

UK / sin /

A2
  • noun
  • Incident where someone behaves angrily, badly
  • View that looks like a picture
  • Place where something particular happened
  • Part of an act in a play

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

exercise

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US / 'eksəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical activity to increase health and strength
  • Set of questions in a text book
  • verb
  • To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • To retain your ability or practice your skills

extra

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US / 'ekstrə /

UK / 'ekstrə /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • More than necessary; additional
  • noun
  • Items more than you need; additional items
  • Person who has a small part in a movie
  • Special version of a newspaper

choreograph

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US / ˈkɒriəgrɑ:f /

UK / ˈkɔ:riəgræf /

C1
  • verb
  • To arrange the movements of dances and dancers

information

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US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Collection of facts and details about something

franchise

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US / 'fræntʃaɪz /

UK / ˈfrænˌtʃaɪz /

B2
  • noun
  • Right to run a business using name of a company
  • verb
  • To sell the use of a brand to run a company

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

film

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US / fɪlm /

UK / fɪlm /

A2
  • noun
  • Thin layer that covers something
  • Movie
  • verb
  • To record moving action with a camera

location

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US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

mind

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US / maɪnd /

UK / maɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • One's opinion or way of thinking about something
  • Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
  • verb
  • To be bothered or upset by something
  • To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

quickly

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US / ˈkwɪkli /

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without taking a lot of time; fast

accordance

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US / əˈkɔ:dns /

UK / əˈkɔ:rdns /

B2
  • noun
  • Agreement (with a statement, plan etc.)

busy

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US / 'bɪzɪ /

UK / ˈbɪzi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working hard doing something; full of activity
  • verb
  • To actively be occupied with doing something

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

dwarf

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US / dwɔ:f /

UK / dwɔrf /

B2
  • noun
  • Person of short stature, due to medical condition

foot

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US / fʊt /

UK / fʊt /

A1
  • noun
  • Base of something such as a mountain or vase
  • Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
  • Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

often

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US / ˈɔfən /

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Many times; frequently; on many occasions

pivot

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US / 'pɪvət /

UK / ˈpɪvət /

B2
  • noun
  • Point on which something turns or balances
  • verb
  • To turn or balance on a center point

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

moment

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US / 'məʊmənt /

UK / 'moʊmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Very short or brief period of time
  • A particular period in time

town

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US / taʊn /

UK / taʊn /

A1
  • noun
  • Small city
  • Part of city with shops and entertainments

slightly

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US / ˈslaɪtli /

UK / ˈslaɪtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Only a little

filmmaker

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US / 'fɪlmˌmeɪkə /

UK / 'fɪlmˌmeɪkə /

C2
  • noun
  • Person who makes movies; movie producer, director

float

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US / fləʊt /

UK / floʊt /

B1
  • noun
  • Object designed to stay on the surface of water
  • Decorated truck used in a festival
  • verb
  • To sell the shares of a company publicly
  • To move slowly and easily through air
  • To rest on the surface of water without sinking

lyricism

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US / ˈlɪrɪsɪzəm /

UK / ˈlɪrɪsɪzəm /

B2
  • noun
  • Property of being suitable for singing

full

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US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely

positioning

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US / pə'zɪʃnɪŋ /

UK / pə'zɪʃnɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To put in a particular location or direction

skyline

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US / ˈskaɪlaɪn /

UK / ˈskaɪˌlaɪn /

C1
  • noun
  • Outline of objects seen against the sky

sammy

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US / ˈsæmi /

UK / ˈsæmi /

A1
  • noun
  • An American soldier fighting in the First World War (1914–18).

document

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US / 'dɒkjʊmənt /

UK / ˈdɑkjəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Official (printed) record that gives information
  • verb
  • To support an opinion with recorded evidence

car

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US / kɑ:(r) /

UK / kɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

onto

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US / ˈɒntə /

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

serve

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US / sɜ:v /

UK / sɚv /

A2
  • verb
  • To act in a particular position or office
  • To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
  • To be used for a particular purpose
  • To give someone food or drinks
  • To give a person or group a service that is needed
  • To spend a particular amount of time in prison
  • To help customers find products and making sales
  • To give an official paper to appear in court

angle

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US / ˈæŋgl /

UK / ˈæŋɡəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Place where two lines or surfaces meet

definition

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US / ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn /

UK / ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of word's meaning, as in dictionaries
  • The sharpness of an image on a screen
  • Visual clearness in a photo or on a screen

deliberate

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US / dɪ'lɪbərət /

UK / dɪˈlɪbərɪt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Carefully thought out in advance
  • Done purposely
  • verb
  • To consider a problem or decision carefully

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

perceive

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US / pə'si:v /

UK / pɚˈsiv /

B1
  • verb
  • To notice or become aware of something
  • To think of someone or something in a certain way

anderson

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US / ˈændəsn /

UK / ˈændəsən /

A1
  • proper noun
  • An industrial city in east central Indiana; population 57,282 (est. 2008).
  • A city in northwestern South Carolina; population 27,027 (est. 2008).
  • A city in north central California; population 10,538 (est. 2008).

burj

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US / /

UK / /

A1

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

boom

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US / bu:m /

UK / bum /

B1
  • noun
  • Very fast increase in growth or popularity
  • A very loud and deep sound
  • verb
  • To experience a rapid increase in growth
  • To make a very loud and deep sound

cut

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US / kʌt /

UK / kʌt /

A1
  • noun
  • Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
  • Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
  • A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To reduce the size or amount of something
  • To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

dolly

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US / ˈdɒli /

UK / ˈdɑːli /

C2
  • noun
  • Childish form of 'doll'
  • Person's name

illustrate

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US / ˈɪləstreɪt /

UK / ˈɪləˌstret, ɪˈlʌsˌtret /

A2
  • verb
  • To supply pictures to go along with words
  • To be an example that explains or proves something

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

kubrick

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US / /

UK / /

A1

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

star

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US / stɑ:(r) /

UK / stɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • Very famous person, usually an entertainer
  • Someone who does something very well
  • Your horoscope
  • A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
  • A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
  • verb
  • To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
  • To do something very well
  • To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

stone

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US / stəʊn /

UK / stoʊn /

A2
  • noun
  • Hard, solid piece of rock
  • verb
  • To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

maybe

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US / ˈmeɪbi /

UK / ˈmebi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

child

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US / tʃaɪld /

UK / tʃaɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • A very young person, between about 2 and 15

dream

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US / dri:m /

UK / drim /

A1
  • noun
  • A wish or hope for something to happen
  • Imagination or image of something you want
  • Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
  • verb
  • To wish for something to happen
  • To experience thoughts, images while asleep

final

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US / ˈfaɪnl /

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • That will not be changed; permanent
  • Being the last thing in a series
  • noun
  • Last game in a series in a competition

guido

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US / ˈgwidoʊ /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • A man, especially an Italian American, regarded as vain, aggressively masculine, and socially unsoph

mood

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US / mu:d /

UK / mud /

A1
  • noun
  • Emotion or a state of mind; how you feel

sicilian

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US / sɪˈsɪljən /

UK / sɪˈsɪliən /

A1
  • other
  • A resident of Sicily
  • Of or relating to or characteristic of Sicily or the people of Sicily

subscribe

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US / səb'skraɪb /

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

B1
  • verb
  • To regularly pay to receive a service

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

slow

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US / sləʊ /

UK / sloʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
  • (Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
  • Having difficulty understanding simple things
  • Moving or happening without speed; not fast
  • verb
  • To move, with less speed than before
  • To move or go without much speed

achieve

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US / ə'tʃi:v /

UK / əˈtʃiv /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

ethereal

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US / iˈθɪəriəl /

UK / iˈθɪriəl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Light and delicate, especially in an unnatural way

powell

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US / ˈpəʊltri /

UK / ˈpoʊltri /

A1

war

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US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

facial

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US / 'feɪʃl /

UK / ˈfeʃəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or on the face
  • noun
  • Treatment to improve condition of the skin of face

necessary

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US / 'nesəsərɪ /

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Needed or required; unavoidable

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

tripod

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US / ˈtraɪpɒd /

UK / ˈtraɪpɑ:d /

B2
  • noun
  • Support with three legs for camera, telescope, etc.

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

establish

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US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

A2
  • verb
  • To set or create something to last for a long time
  • To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

credit

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US / 'kredɪt /

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a positive amount of money
  • noun
  • System to buy something and pay for it later
  • Points earned instead of money
  • Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
  • Points earned towards a university degree
  • verb
  • To add a certain amount of money to a total
  • To recognize someone's achievements or help

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

represent

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US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
  • To show or describe something in a particular way
  • To act on behalf of others in government
  • To act or speak for another person or other people

surprise

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US / səˈpraɪz /

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • That surprises you; not expected
  • noun
  • Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
  • verb
  • To do something that another person didn't expect

rider

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US / 'raɪdə(r) /

UK / ˈraɪdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone who rides on something, e.g. bike, a horse
  • Addition to a piece of writing that changes it
  • A traveler who rides an animal (as a horse)

whether

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US / ˈweðə(r) /

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

A1
  • conjunction
  • If something will happen or not

wide

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US / waɪd /

UK / waɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a great distance from one side to the other
  • adverb
  • Fully; completely

brutal

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US / 'bru:tl /

UK / ˈbrutl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Extremely violent or mean

lengthy

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US / 'leŋθɪ /

UK / ˈlɛŋkθi, ˈlɛŋ- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a lot of something, such as pages in a book
  • Happening for a long time

scatter

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US / 'skætə(r) /

UK / ˈskætɚ /

B2
  • other
  • To place or leave things in various places
  • verb
  • To throw or move into various different directions

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

unbroken

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US / ʌnˈbrəʊkən /

UK / ʌnˈbrokən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening continuously and without stopping
  • Animal not trained for use, e.g. a horse
  • Not yet broken

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

constant

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US / 'kɒnstənt /

UK / ˈkɑnstənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening frequently or without pause
  • noun
  • Thing that happens always or at a regular rate

differentiate

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US / ˌdɪfə'renʃɪeɪt /

UK / ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃiˌet /

B1
  • verb
  • To see or show how things are not the same

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

evolve

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US / ɪ'vɒlv /

UK / ɪˈvɑlv /

B1
  • verb
  • To develop certain features
  • To develop or change slowly over time
  • To slowly change or develop into something better

impoverished

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US / ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt /

UK / ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Not having enough money; short of money
  • other
  • Lacking money; having become poor
  • verb
  • To take money from; make poor

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

wealthy

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US / ˈwelθi /

UK / ˈwɛlθi /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a great quantity of money or property

alfonso

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US / ˌælˈfɑnsoʊ /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • More fully "Alphonso mango". A small yellow or orange mango variety native to and chiefly cultivated

alike

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US / əˈlaɪk /

UK / əˈlaɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Similar in appearance, manner or form
  • adverb
  • Equally; applied equally to several people/things

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

counterculture

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US / ˈkaʊntəkʌltʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkaʊntərkʌltʃə(r) /

A1
  • other
  • A culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

judgement

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US / ˈdʒʌdʒmənt /

UK / ˈdʒʌdʒmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • An opinion or decision made after consideration
  • Official court decision given by judge

khalifa

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US / kɑːˈliːfə /

UK / kəˈlifə /

A1

foreboding

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US / fɔ:ˈbəʊdɪŋ /

UK / fɔrˈbodɪŋ, for- /

C1
  • noun
  • Feeling that something bad is about to happen

pop

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US / pɒp /

UK / pɑp /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Type of music or art popular with many people
  • noun
  • Sweet soda drink
  • verb
  • To cause something to open or burst suddenly
  • To go to or in a place for a brief period of time

storyboard

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US / ˈstɔ:ribɔ:d /

UK / ˈstɔ:ribɔ:rd /

C2
  • noun
  • A plan authors use to map out a story

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

bore

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US / bɔ:(r) /

UK / bɔr, bor /

A1
  • verb
  • To accept (responsibilities or duties)
  • To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
  • To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
  • To show (sign of something)
  • To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
  • To make a deep hole in the ground with a drill
  • To make someone not interested in something

extend

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US / ɪkˈstend /

UK / ɪkˈstɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To offer something (help, friendship) to someone
  • To reach from one point to another
  • To straighten or stretch something out, e.g. leg
  • To make something last longer

die

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US / daɪ /

UK / daɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
  • verb
  • To cease to function or work
  • (Of a thing) to stop being used or done
  • (Of a person) to stop living

multitude

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US / ˈmʌltɪtju:d /

UK / ˈmʌltɪˌtud, -ˌtjud /

B2
  • noun
  • Large number of people or things; crowd

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

song

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US / sɒŋ /

UK / sɔ:ŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Distinctive series of sounds made by a bird
  • Music with words that are sung to it
  • Art or tradition of singing

concert

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US / 'kɒnsət /

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɚt, -sət /

A1
  • noun
  • Musical entertainment performed in public

lang

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US / læŋ /

UK / læŋ /

A1

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

fully

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US / 'fʊlɪ /

UK / ˈfʊli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely or entirely

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

line

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US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

placement

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US / ˈpleɪsmənt /

UK / ˈpleɪsmənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of putting something in a place or position

motif

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US / məʊ'ti:f /

UK / moˈtif /

B2
  • noun
  • A distinctive form, shape or figure in a design

tension

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US / 'tenʃn /

UK / ˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
  • Degree to which something is stretched tight

amount

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US / ə'maʊnt /

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Quantity of something
  • verb
  • To add up to a certain figure

hippie

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US / ˈhɪpi /

UK / ˈhɪpi /

B2
  • noun
  • Someone rejecting established culture

gaze

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US / ɡeɪz /

UK / ɡez /

A2
  • noun
  • Direction you are looking
  • verb
  • To look at with fixed eyes

middle

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US / 'mɪdl /

UK / ˈmidl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Equal distance from extremes
  • noun
  • Place that is halfway between two things

organic

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US / ɔ:ˈgænɪk /

UK / ɔrˈɡænɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Developing naturally and without a set structure
  • Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
  • Concerning living things

quality

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US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Feature associated with someone or something
  • High level of worth or excellence

mutually

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US / ˈmju:tʃuəli /

UK / ˈmjuːtʃuəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • So as to be shared by two or more people/things

shall

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US / ʃəl /

UK / ʃæl /

A2
  • other
  • Expressing the future tense, to expect to happen
  • (Used to say something is required or commanded)
  • (Used to make a suggestion or ask a question)

success

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US / sək'ses /

UK / səkˈsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
  • A successful person; one who achieved their aims

suffocate

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US / ˈsʌfəkeɪt /

UK / ˈsʌfəˌket /

C1
  • verb
  • To (cause to) die from lack of air to breathe
  • To stop a thing developing, e.g. by too many rules

scope

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US / skəʊp /

UK / skoʊp /

B1
  • noun
  • Opportunity for action or thought
  • Range of things included or dealt with
  • Instrument that you use to look at things
  • verb
  • to look at especially for the purpose of evaluation —usually used with out

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

computer

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US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

eight

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US / eɪt /

UK / et /

A1
  • number
  • 8

kelly

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1

meditative

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US / ˈmedɪtətɪv /

UK / ˈmɛdɪˌtetɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Thinking in a quiet reflective manner

subject

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US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

A1
  • noun
  • Citizen of an area or country
  • The person or thing that does the action of a verb
  • People who take part in experiments or tests
  • An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
  • What a book, article etc. is about; theme
  • verb
  • To cause to suffer or experience something

such

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US / sʌtʃ /

UK / sʌtʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Being similar to
  • (Thing) as previously stated or referred to
  • adverb
  • (Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

pair

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US / peə(r) /

UK / per /

A2
  • noun
  • Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
  • Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
  • verb
  • To put two things or people together

trap

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US / træp /

UK / træp /

A2
  • noun
  • Device used for catching animals
  • Vehicle pulled by a single horse
  • Area or hazard on a golf course
  • Someone's mouth
  • Uncomfortable event that is hard to escape
  • verb
  • To use a device to catch animals or people
  • To hold, e.g. a nerve, so that it cannot move
  • To catch or prevent someone from escaping
  • To trick someone
  • To put into a situation you can't escape from

cinematographer

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US / ˌsɪnəmə'tɒɡrəfə(r) /

UK / ˌsɪnəməˈtɑɡrəfɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • A professional movie or TV cameraman

bustle

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US / ˈbʌsl /

UK / ˈbʌsəl /

B2
  • verb
  • To move energetically or busily

festivity

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US / feˈstɪvəti /

UK / fɛˈstɪvɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • Any joyous activity to celebrate something

dramatic

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US / drəˈmætɪk /

UK / drəˈmætɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Gripping the attention; causing an effect
  • (Of an event) sudden and extreme

shoot

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US / ʃu:t /

UK / ʃut /

A2
  • noun
  • Emerging new part of a plant
  • verb
  • To kick or throw a ball at a goal
  • To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
  • To (cause to) fly away forcefully
  • To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

training

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US / ˈtreɪnɪŋ /

UK / ˈtrenɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of educating someone to get better at
  • verb
  • To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
  • To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
  • To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
  • To point a certain way or toward something
  • To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

wonder

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US / 'wʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
  • verb
  • To feel curious about something
  • To think or consider about something over time

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

frame

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US / freɪm /

UK / frem /

A2
  • noun
  • Structure that holds a picture or photo
  • A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
  • Main part of structures supporting the other parts
  • verb
  • To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
  • To put say or write something in a careful way
  • To put a picture in a protective structure

grandeur

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US / ˈgrændʒə(r) /

UK / ˈɡrændʒɚ, -ˌdʒʊr /

C1
  • noun
  • Impressive size, scale or beauty

lavish

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US / ˈlævɪʃ /

UK / ˈlævɪʃ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Generous; providing a lot of something
  • verb
  • To use or give a lot of something

hope

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US / həʊp /

UK / hop /

A1
  • noun
  • When you wish something will happen; what you wish
  • verb
  • To expect and want something to happen

poor

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US / pʊə(r) /

UK / pʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Inferior; below the normal standard
  • Deserving of pity or sympathy
  • Without money; not rich

potter

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US / 'pɒtə(r) /

UK / 'pɑ:tər /

C2
  • noun
  • Someone who makes pots, bowls etc. out of clay
  • verb
  • To spend time, e.g. gardening, without hurrying
  • To make pots, bowls etc. from clay

major

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US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
  • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
  • noun
  • High-ranking officer in the army
  • Main subject you study at university
  • verb
  • To study a particular subject at university

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

brush

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US / brʌʃ /

UK / brʌʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Quick and gentle movement
  • Thing with hairs used to apply paint, etc.
  • Thing used to comb your hair or to clean the floor
  • verb
  • To touch against a thing very lightly when moving
  • To clean, paint, or apply something with a brush
  • To clean using a long stick with stiff hairs

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

brad

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US / bræd /

UK / bræd /

A1
  • other
  • A small nail
  • Fasten with brads

comedy

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US / 'kɒmədɪ /

UK / ˈkɑmɪdi /

A2
  • noun
  • Amusing play, film, usually with a happy ending

commune

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US / 'kɒmju:n /

UK / ˈkɑmjun /

C1
  • noun
  • People who live together and share resources
  • verb
  • To communicate with, in a deep or spiritual way

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

francisco

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US / fræn'sɪskəʊ /

UK / fræn'sɪskoʊ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator, head of state 1939–75. Leader of the Nationalists in the

height

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US / haɪt /

UK / haɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance of something from the bottom to the top

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

mitchell

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US / mɪ'steɪk /

UK / mɪˈstek /

A1

situate

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US / ˈsɪtʃueɪt /

UK / ˈsɪtʃuˌet /

A2
  • verb
  • To place in a particular place or position

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

bird

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US / bɜ:d /

UK / bɜ:rd /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal with feathers that uses wings to fly

guide

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US / ɡaɪd /

UK / ɡaɪd /

A2
  • noun
  • Book or a magazine containing information/advice
  • Person leading others visiting an unknown place
  • verb
  • To help or advise someone about something
  • To control missile to hit a target by radio signal
  • To lead people visiting a new or unknown place

emphasize

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US / 'emfəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz /

B2
  • verb
  • To stress the items that are important

girl

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US / gɜ:l /

UK / gɜ:rl /

A1
  • noun
  • A female child; a young woman

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

visual

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US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to vision
  • noun
  • Pictures/images used to help audience understand

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

entirely

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US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Wholly; completely

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

direct

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US / də'rekt /

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Coming straight from something
  • verb
  • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • To show the way by conducting or leading
  • To control the acting in a movie or play

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

secret

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US / 'si:krət /

UK / 'si:krət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • That you don't want others to know; private
  • noun
  • Information you do not want others to know

throughout

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US / θru:ˈaʊt /

UK / θruˈaʊt /

A2
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

ark

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US / ɑ:k /

UK / ɑrk /

B2
  • noun
  • Thing that affords protection or safety

forgive

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US / fəˈgɪv /

UK / fərˈgɪv /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop blaming someone for guilt, mistake

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

lie

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US / laɪ /

UK / lai /

A2
  • noun
  • An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
  • verb
  • To be in a horizontal or flat position
  • To say something that you know is not true

maintain

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US / meɪn'teɪn /

UK / menˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep saying something a certain way
  • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
  • To keep, exist or continue without changing

suspense

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US / səˈspens /

UK / səˈspɛns /

C2
  • noun
  • Genre of movies, novels of uncertain mystery
  • Anxiety or apprehension caused by uncertainty
  • State of uncertainty

sicily

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US / ˈsɪsɪli /

UK / ˈsɪsəli /

A1
  • other
  • Italian region on the island of Sicily
  • Largest island in the mediterranean

soldier

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US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person working in an army to fight

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

typically

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US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a normal or usual way

aim

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US / eɪm /

UK / em /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of pointing something at a target
  • Purpose or goal
  • verb
  • To point something at a target
  • To intend to get a thing or for a thing to happen

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

opal

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US / ˈəʊpl /

UK / ˈoʊpl /

B2
  • noun
  • Gemstone with lots of different colors

composition

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US / ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑ:mpəˈzɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of writing, music etc.
  • A piece of music
  • Structure of a picture or image to make an effect

decide

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US / dɪ'saɪd /

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
  • To make a legal judgment in court
  • to affect the result of something

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

jar

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US / dʒɑ:(r) /

UK / dʒɑr /

B2
  • noun
  • Glass container for foods
  • verb
  • To have a harsh or unsettling effect on someone
  • To make a harsh sound to the ears

layer

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US / ˈleiə /

UK / ˈleɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • One of several sheets of a material or object
  • verb
  • To put things one on top of another

ron

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US / rɔn /

UK / rɔn /

A1
  • other
  • A Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

patriarch

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US / ˈpeɪtriɑ:k /

UK / ˈpetriˌɑrk /

B2
  • noun
  • Old man who is respected as head of family/tribe

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

altman

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US / ˈɔltmən /

UK / ˈɔːltmən /

A1

combine

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US / kəmˈbaɪn /

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To mix several things together to form one thing

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

explain

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US / ɪk'spleɪn /

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

A1
  • verb
  • To make clear or easy to understand by describing

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

poster

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US / 'pəʊstə(r) /

UK / ˈpostɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • A large, printed notice or picture
  • Someone who writes and shares messages on online

mission

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US / 'mɪʃn /

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • A task or role someone is given to do
  • Special assignment given to a person or group
  • Group tasked with a specific duty
  • A task given to someone to gain or achieve
  • Religious group wishing to convert others
  • Housing for a religious group working overseas
  • Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

sure

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US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

raider

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US / ˈreɪdə(r) /

UK / ˈreɪdər /

B1
  • noun
  • Investor buying controlling interest in companies

whip

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US / wɪp /

UK / hwɪp, wɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • A long rope used to hit people or animals
  • verb
  • To defeat thoroughly or easily
  • To beat with a type of long rope
  • To beat cream, eggs etc. so it gets more volume
  • To take away something quickly

thereof

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US / ˌðeərˈɒv /

UK / ˌðerˈɑ:v /

B2
  • adverb
  • Concerning that or it

bolster

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US / 'bəʊlstə(r) /

UK / ˈbolstɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To prop up or support (e.g. a wall)

leone

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US / lɪ'əʊn /

UK / lɪ'oʊn /

A1
  • other
  • Basic unit of money in Sierra Leone; equal to cents

horizontally

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US / ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəli /

UK / ˌhɔːrɪˈzɑːntəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a flat or level direction

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

scare

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US / skeə(r) /

UK / sker /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of making some feel frightened
  • Something causing people to be afraid
  • verb
  • To become frightened
  • To make someone feel frightened or worried

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

crane

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US / kreɪn /

UK / kren /

B2
  • noun
  • Water bird characterized by its long neck and legs
  • Tall machine that lifts heavy objects in the air
  • verb
  • To stretch (neck) or lean to get better view

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

quick

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US / kwɪk /

UK / kwɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Using very little time; moving far in little time
  • Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

performance

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US / pə'fɔ:məns /

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of doing something
  • Activity done to entertain an audience

stuck

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US / stʌk /

UK / stʌk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not able to move
  • verb
  • To push a sharp or pointed object into something
  • To join together using glue or paste
  • To remain in one place or position for a long time

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

scan

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US / skæn /

UK / skæn /

B1
  • noun
  • A look inside the body with a special machine
  • verb
  • To look inside of the body with a special machine
  • To look at something very quickly for information
  • To look at all parts to find something
  • To make a digital copy of an image or a paper

staging

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US / ˈsteɪdʒɪŋ /

UK / ˈstedʒɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To organize an event to gain public interest
  • To be fake or not real
  • To produce and perform a play or concert

roam

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US / rəʊm /

UK / rom /

B1
  • verb
  • To move about freely without a set destination

axis

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US / ˈæksɪs /

UK / ˈæksɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • A line about which a rotating body turns

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

shift

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US / ʃɪft /

UK / ʃɪft /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
  • noun
  • A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
  • Period of work starting at a certain time
  • verb
  • To change in position or direction
  • To move something from one place to another

majesty

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US / 'mædʒəstɪ /

UK / ˈmædʒɪsti /

B1
  • noun
  • Impressive quality that something large has
  • Term used to refer to a King or Queen

sort

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US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

syndrome

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US / 'sɪndrəʊm /

UK / ˈsɪnˌdrom /

B1
  • noun
  • A group of signs and symptoms of a disease

revolve

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US / rɪˈvɒlv /

UK / rɪˈvɑ:lv /

B2
  • verb
  • To move something in a circular motion

utilize

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US / ˈju:təlaɪz /

UK / ˈjutlˌaɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To use something for a particular purpose

vertically

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US / 'vɜ:tɪklɪ /

UK / ˈvə:tɪkl:ɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an up and down position

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

nashville

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US / ˈnæʃˌvɪl /

UK / ˈnæʃˌvɪl /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The capital of Tennessee, in the north central part of the state, on the Cumberland River; populatio

someone

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US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person who is not known or named

exclusive

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US / ɪk'sklu:sɪv /

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being available only to people with a lot of money
  • Available to only a particular person, group

skyscraper

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US / 'skaɪskreɪpə(r) /

UK / ˈskaɪˌskrepɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Very tall building with many stories

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

relay

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US / 'ri:leɪ /

UK / 'ri:leɪ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • (Team race) with runners taking a turn to run
  • noun
  • Fresh group of horses/people, etc. relieving others
  • Team race with runners taking a turn to run
  • verb
  • To put in new carpet or flooring
  • To pass information from one thing to another

area

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US / 'eərɪə /

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of measured space
  • A specific section or space; part of a region
  • A subject or field of study

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

crossroad

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US / 'krɔ:srəʊd /

UK / 'krɔ:sˌroʊd /

C2
  • noun
  • Junction where one street or road crosses another

harry

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US / 'hærɪ /

UK / ˈhæri /

A1
  • noun
  • Make a pillaging or destructive raid on (a place), as in wartimes

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

village

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US / 'vɪlɪdʒ /

UK / ˈvɪlɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Small town in the country

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

appear

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US / ə'pɪə(r) /

UK / əˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • To seem to be
  • To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

describe

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US / dɪ'skraɪb /

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

director

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US / də'rektə(r) /

UK / dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ- /

A2
  • noun
  • Senior person who manages part of an organization
  • Person who controls the acting in a movie or play

expanse

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US / ɪkˈspæns /

UK / ɪkˈspæns /

B2
  • noun
  • Comprehensive and wide area of land or sea

forth

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US / fɔ:θ /

UK / fɔrθ, forθ /

B1
  • adverb
  • So as to be seen; out
  • Outward or forward in space, time

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

shoe

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US / ʃu: /

UK / ʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer covering for the foot, often made of leather
  • Piece of metal nailed under a horse's foot
  • verb
  • To put a metal ring on a horse's foot

ultimate

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US / ˈʌltɪmət /

UK / ˈʌltəmɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Basic; original; most significant
  • Being the greatest example of something
  • Happening or coming at the end of process; final

wild

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US / waɪld /

UK / waɪld /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Living in nature; not tame
  • (Of land) not developed by people
  • adverb
  • In a manner which lacks control
  • noun
  • A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

dennis

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US / ˈdɛnɪs /

UK / ˈdɛnɪs /

A1

lack

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US / læk /

UK / læk /

A2
  • noun
  • The state of not having or not having enough of
  • A shortage of something
  • verb
  • To not have, or not have enough, of something

sequence

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US / 'si:kwəns /

UK / ˈsikwəns, -ˌkwɛns /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a movie showing one part of the story
  • verb
  • To arrange things in an order they should happen

soar

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US / sɔ:(r) /

UK / sɔr, sor /

B2
  • verb
  • (Of prices, etc.) to increase a lot in a short time
  • To fly or rise high in the air

actor

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US / ˈæktə(r) /

UK / ˈæktɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who acts in the theater, movies, or TV

align

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US / əˈlaɪn /

UK / əˈlaɪn /

B2
  • verb
  • To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

bottom

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US / 'bɒtəm /

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on
  • Lowest position, often in a company or contest
  • Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
  • Lowest level, part or point of an object
  • The part under something, e.g. a vase
  • verb
  • To hit the lowest part of something

closely

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US / 'kləʊslɪ /

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a careful manner
  • Nearby; just next to

alter

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US / ˈɔ:ltə(r) /

UK / ˈɔltɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To change so (clothing) fits better

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

intergalactic

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US / ˌɪntəgəˈlæktɪk /

UK / ˌɪntərgəˈlæktɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Between or among galaxies

ghost

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US / gəʊst /

UK / goʊst /

B1
  • noun
  • Bad effects, memories, and feelings from the past
  • Spirit of a dead person, appearing to the living
  • verb
  • To write a book on behalf of another person

handheld

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US / ˈhændheld , ˌhændˈheld /

UK / ˈhændheld , ˌhændˈheld /

A1
  • noun
  • A digital device, such as a computer, PDA, or cell phone, that is small enough to be held and operat

junkyard

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US / ˈdʒʌŋkjɑ:d /

UK / ˈdʒʌŋkjɑ:rd /

A1
  • other
  • A field where junk is collected and stored for resale

ground

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US / graʊnd /

UK / ɡraʊnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Connection of electrical equipment to earth
  • Place where people play particular sports
  • Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
  • verb
  • To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
  • To make sharp or smooth through friction
  • To press together with force making a sound
  • To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
  • To hit the bottom
  • (Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
  • To prevent a plane from taking off
  • To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

block

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US / blɒk /

UK / blɑk /

A2
  • noun
  • Solid piece of material used for building
  • A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
  • Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
  • Building made up of offices or apartments
  • Area of a city divided by four streets
  • verb
  • To stop from going forward or making progress

derive

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US / dɪˈraɪv /

UK / dɪˈraɪv /

B1
  • verb
  • To come from another thing

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

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US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

A1
  • preposition
  • At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

force

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US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

quiet

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US / 'kwaɪət /

UK / ˈkwaɪɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hidden, or done in a private way
  • Not loud; making very little sound
  • verb
  • To cause to become calmer or less loud

student

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US / ˈstju:dnt /

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

A1
  • noun
  • Person studying at school

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

fly

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US / flaɪ /

UK / flai /

A1
  • noun
  • Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
  • Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
  • verb
  • To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
  • To move at a high speed
  • To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
  • To pilot people or items by plane
  • To travel through the air using wings

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

murderer

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US / 'mɜ:dərə(r) /

UK / ˈmə:rdərɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Criminal who intentionally kills someone

paranormal

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US / ˌpærəˈnɔ:ml /

UK / ˌpærəˈnɔ:rml /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Not in accordance with scientific laws

synchronize

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US / ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz /

UK / ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz /

C2
  • verb
  • To make two things work at the same time
  • To indicate the same time

san

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adjective
  • Relating to the San or their languages.
  • noun
  • A member of the aboriginal peoples of southern Africa commonly called Bushmen.
  • The group of Khoisan languages spoken by the San.

static

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US / ˈstætɪk /

UK / ˈstætɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning electricity that collects on a surface
  • Being unchangeable or unmovable
  • noun
  • Unwanted noise that disturbs a radio or TV signal

storey

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

B1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building

remind

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US / rɪ'maɪnd /

UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause someone to remember what they forgot

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

akira

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US / əˈkɪn /

UK / əˈkɪn /

A1

despite

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US / dɪˈspaɪt /

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

A2
  • preposition
  • Without being affected by something; in spite of

elaborate

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US / ɪ'læbəreɪt /

UK / ɪˈlæbəret /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Made or done with great care or in a detailed way
  • verb
  • To explain something in detail
  • To be made or explained with great care/in detail

dynamic

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US / daɪˈnæmɪk /

UK / daiˈnæmik /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Always active or energetic; getting things done

jump

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US / dʒʌmp /

UK / dʒʌmp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large sudden increase
  • An act of springing into the air
  • Bar or other thing that is jumped over
  • A sudden movement due to surprise
  • verb
  • To attack someone suddenly
  • To push your body into the air with your legs
  • To suddenly decide to do something
  • To make a sudden movement due to surprise

least

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US / li:st /

UK / list /

A1
  • adverb
  • In the smallest or lowest way
  • noun
  • Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

robert

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US / 'rɒbət /

UK / 'rɒbət /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The name of three kings of Scotland.

anna

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US / ˈʌnə /

UK / ˈɑnə /

A1
  • other
  • A former copper coin of Pakistan and India

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

kick

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US / kɪk /

UK / kɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
  • verb
  • To hit or move something with the foot

lesson

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US / 'lesn /

UK / ˈlɛsən /

A1
  • noun
  • Something done to learn or teach something; class
  • Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

require

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US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

type

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US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

action

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US / 'ækʃn /

UK / ˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that a person or thing does
  • verb
  • To act to do something

dead

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US / ded /

UK / dɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not alive
  • Being bored or not interested
  • Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
  • Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
  • adverb
  • Completely; absolutely

difficulty

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US / ˈdɪfɪkəlti /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlti, -kəl- /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is hard to do

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

element

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US / 'elɪmənt /

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Essential or particular part of something

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

medium

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US / 'mi:dɪəm /

UK / ˈmidiəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of expressing ideas or feelings
  • Something available in a middle size or condition
  • Person who claims to communicate with the dead

burial

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US / ˈberiəl /

UK / ˈbɛriəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Act or ceremony of burying, e.g. of the dead

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

stanley

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US / ˈstænli /

UK / ˈstænli /

A1
  • other
  • Welsh journalist and explorer who led an expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone and fou

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

destruction

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US / dɪ'strʌkʃn /

UK / dɪˈstrʌkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of destroying; damaging beyond repair

elephant

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US / ˈelɪfənt /

UK / ˈɛləfənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Large gray animal with a long nose and two tusks

else

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US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

gladiator

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US / ˈglædieɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈɡlædiˌetɚ /

C1
  • noun
  • Professional fighter from Roman times

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

mis

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US / ˌem aɪ ˈes /

UK / ˌem aɪ ˈes /

A1
  • noun
  • Prefix meaning wrong, ill, mistaken, or negation

technique

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US / tekˈni:k /

UK / tɛkˈnik /

A2
  • noun
  • Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

zoom

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US / zu:m /

UK / zum /

B1
  • noun
  • Camera lens used to magnify images
  • verb
  • To move along or go somewhere very quickly

activity

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US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

exaggerate

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US / ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt /

UK / ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To makes things seem more extreme than reality

crucial

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US / 'kru:ʃl /

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Extremely important or necessary

forefront

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US / ˈfɔːfrʌnt /

UK / ˈfɔːrfrʌnt /

B1
  • noun
  • Part in the front or nearest; most prominent

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

movie

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US / ˈmu:vi /

UK / ˈmuvi /

A1
  • noun
  • Motion picture; film

project

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US / prəˈdʒekt /

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned piece of work for specific purpose
  • Group of homes built by government for poor people
  • verb
  • To predict what will happen in the future
  • To show something on a screen using light
  • To stick out past the edge of something

shadow

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US / 'ʃædəʊ /

UK / ˈʃædo /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who follows another person to observe them
  • Area of darkness that is caused by blocked light
  • verb
  • To cover something with shade
  • To secretly follow a person

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

room

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US / ru:m /

UK / rum, rʊm /

A1
  • noun
  • All of the people inside a particular room
  • Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
  • Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
  • verb
  • To share a home with someone

build

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US / bɪld /

UK / bɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • Your physical shape; physique
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

audience

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US / ˈɔ:diəns /

UK / ˈɔdiəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people attending a play, movie etc.

background

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US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

A2
  • noun
  • Images, color, or information behind the main one
  • Someone's personal work and educational history
  • A position not as important as the main event
  • Past events that influence things in the present

crowd

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US / kraʊd /

UK / kraʊd /

A2
  • noun
  • Large group of people together in one place
  • verb
  • To force too many things, people into
  • (Lots of people) to meet together in one place

execute

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US / ˈeksɪkju:t /

UK / ˈɛksɪˌkjut /

B1
  • verb
  • To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
  • To perform a plan or action

intimidate

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US / ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt /

UK / ɪnˈtɪmɪˌdet /

B2
  • verb
  • To make someone feel afraid

tilt

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US / tɪlt /

UK / tɪlt /

B2
  • noun
  • Position in which one side is above the other
  • verb
  • To change to a newly preferred idea or opinion
  • To move something away from the upright
  • To influence (public opinion) in a certain way

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

approach

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US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
  • Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
  • Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
  • verb
  • To get close to reaching something or somewhere
  • To request someone to do something specific

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

foreground

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US / ˈfɔ:graʊnd /

UK / ˈfɔrˌɡraʊnd, ˈfor- /

B1
  • noun
  • The area in front of a picture or person
  • verb
  • To make something more visible or important

lens

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US / lenz /

UK / lɛnz /

B1
  • noun
  • Structure in the eye or camera that focuses light
  • other
  • Pieces of glass or plastics to improve vision

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

space

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US / speɪs /

UK / spes /

A1
  • noun
  • Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
  • Empty area with nothing in it
  • Area in the sky where the stars are
  • Area between written words on a page
  • verb
  • To make a certain distance or time between

simple

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US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

attention

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US / əˈtenʃn /

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Taking notice of someone or something
  • (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

impersonal

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US / ɪmˈpɜ:sənl /

UK / ɪmˈpə:sənəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Not having, showing personal feelings or sympathy

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

nature

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US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's character or particular way of behaving
  • Basic look, feel or function of something
  • Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

deliberately

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US / dɪˈlɪbərətli /

UK / dɪˈlɪbərɪtlɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • In a careful, considered manner; on purpose
  • Purposely; on purpose

killer

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US / ˈkɪlə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being appealing or funny
  • noun
  • Something that is a challenge to deal with
  • Person, thing or animal that kills

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

notification

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US / ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of giving formal or official information

passenger

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US / 'pæsɪndʒə(r) /

UK / ˈpæsəndʒɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is traveling in a vehicle

pan

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US / pæn /

UK / pæn /

A2
  • noun
  • Open metal container used for cooking
  • Steel drum
  • Big, flat bowl, used to find gold with water
  • verb
  • To follow an object being filmed with a camera
  • To criticize, e.g. a film, in a strong way
  • To sort gold from other materials using water

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

clearly

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US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

expression

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US / ɪk'spreʃn /

UK / ɪkˈsprɛʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of making your thoughts and feelings known
  • Group of words that have a specific meaning

intimate

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US / 'ɪntɪmət /

UK / ˈɪntəmɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (E.g. of detail) fine, detailed or complete
  • Private and personal things shared with another
  • verb
  • To make someone understand without saying directly

kurosawa

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US / ˌkʊroʊˈsɑwə /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • Japanese filmmaker noted for blending Japanese folklore with western styles of acting

length

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US / leŋθ /

UK / leŋθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance from one end of a pool to the other
  • Measurement of distance or of time

leopard

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US / 'lepəd /

UK / ˈlɛpəd /

B2
  • noun
  • Large cat with short fur and black spots

movement

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US / ˈmu:vmənt /

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a piece of classical music
  • Group with a shared interest or goal
  • Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
  • Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
  • Part of a piece of music
  • Subtitles section
  • Up, down, left, right.
  • A simple camera movement can change the mood of a scene, and there are few camera movements simpler than the pan and the tilt.
  • But great pans and tilts aren't always as easy as they may seem.
  • This is the ultimate guide to panning and tilting.
  • Before we get moving, don't forget to subscribe to StudioBinder and turn on notifications to stay in the know on all things filmmaking.
  • Let's begin.
  • Are you saying pan or pam?
  • A pan refers to when a camera turns onto a central axis horizontally.
  • It derives from the word panorama, meaning a wide, unbroken view.
  • A tilt, meanwhile, is when the camera pivots vertically on an axis.
  • There are many ways to achieve these movements.
  • A filmmaker can use a tripod, or they can execute the movements with handheld, on a dolly or on a crane.
  • However, panning and tilting are different from dolly or crane movements.
  • Dollying refers to a camera moving through space horizontally, while craning or booming refers to moving vertically.
  • Get up here, you're too slow!
  • Move it, move it!
  • But the moves aren't mutually exclusive.
  • For example, a dolly can include a tilt, or a crane could include a pan.
  • Panning and tilting may be used for a multitude of reasons.
  • To establish a space, follow movement, or reveal information, all without requiring a cut.
  • What effect a filmmaker is aiming for will alter how they pan or tilt.
  • Let's look at types of movement.
  • No two pans or tilts are alike.
  • A slow pan can emphasize the grandeur of a location.
  • In this shot from The Passenger, a slow pan is used to illustrate how stuck David is.
  • Or it can build tension.
  • In It Follows, slow pans are used to create suspense.
  • If director David Robert Mitchell decided to simply cut to a scare, this suspense would be deflated.
  • Mitchell explains how approach creates tension.
  • It's sort of like you're looking around, but we're controlling it.
  • Scan quickly, keep looking, and maybe things will pop up.
  • And maybe they won't.
  • It's really just about trying to give you a real sense of space.
  • The slow but constant movement of the camera also serves as a visual motif, aligning with the slow, constant movement of It. To say, I am Lazarus.
  • Come from the dead.
  • Come back to tell you all.
  • I shall tell you all.
  • Director Apichatpong Wirasaraku often uses slow pans to bolster the meditative quality of his films.
  • This slow pan in Syndromes in a Century is combined with a dolly to make the camera seem as though it's floating through the hallway.
  • A slow tilt, meanwhile, can make for a dramatic character reveal, as it does in Terminator 2 Judgment Day.
  • The tilt makes the T-800 all the more intimidating.
  • Faster movement can add energy to a scene.
  • In The Final Shot of the Fablemans, a quick tilt is used as a punchline, adjusting his shot in accordance with John Ford's advice.
  • When the horizon's at the bottom, it's interesting.
  • When the horizon's at the top, it's interesting.
  • When the horizon's in the middle, it's boring as s***.
  • Cinematographer Janusz Kaminski explains this was Spielberg's idea.
  • He shook the image like someone almost kicked the camera to look much more organic and brutal and force you to think of the lesson Sammy had just gotten.
  • I wish I could take credit for that, but that was purely his creation.
  • Wes Anderson will often use quick pans for comedy, highlighting the jarring nature of certain reveals in a way which wouldn't come across if he just cut.
  • These stories will continue to...
  • Stop it!
  • Stop it!
  • Don't!
  • Don't do it!
  • These fast pans are typically referred to as whip pans.
  • In
  • The Red Shoes, Pressburger and Powell use whip pans to create Vicki's point of view, emphasizing her scattered state of mind.
  • Tilts and pans can also be differentiated by just how much a camera turns.
  • I dreamed a dream in time gone by.
  • In this shot from Les Mis, the tilts and the pans are subtle, following the face of Fantine so that she doesn't need to stay completely still, while not moving too much to where it would distract from the performance.
  • A static camera in this emotional moment may have felt too impersonal.
  • I dreamed that God would be forgiving.
  • Smaller movements often mean that the information in the shot remains the same, it is just being slightly reframed.
  • A fuller movement can reveal much more information.
  • In Barry Lyndon, Stanley Kubrick utilizes a long pan to fully situate the audience in the space, first seeing the performers and then the audience.
  • A pan can go a full 360 degrees.
  • In Elephant, the camera rotates in an entire circle to show the audience all the details of the shooter's room.
  • With this dramatic tilt in The Sacrifice, Andrei Tarkovsky allows the audience to take in the amount of destruction before us.
  • The length of a pan or tilt is also important.
  • In
  • Many Wonders, they are necessary to follow the action.
  • In this elaborate shot from Children of Men, the camera both dollies and pans to create different compositions without cutting.
  • By not cutting, Alfonso Cuaron emphasizes that these characters are trapped in this car.
  • DP Emmanuel Lebecki notes, This lengthy
  • Shot from Paranormal Activity 3, meanwhile, revolves around a pan.
  • Letting the shot go on for so long, paired with a slow, constant pan, builds the suspense of the scene.
  • Another
  • Major consideration for panning and tilting are framing and lenses.
  • By definition, framing will evolve throughout a pan or tilt.
  • But at the very least, filmmakers will typically decide on how they want the beginning and the end of the movement to look.
  • Wide-angle panning can be great for establishing a large location.
  • This shot from Vertigo follows the action while also showing the skyline of San Francisco, the setting of the film.
  • A wide-angle tilt can help establish more vertical locations, like a skyscraper, which uses leading lines to create a deliberate composition.
  • Star Wars always begins with a tilt from space, emphasizing the intergalactic scope of the franchise.
  • The wide-angle tilt and pan near the end of The Leopard juxtaposes an impoverished Sicilian town with the wealthy Corbera.
  • The quiet and poor village is a far cry from the lavish party which was just suffocating the patriarch, and illustrates that despite the festivities, Sicily is facing a crossroads.
  • Director Terence Malick often uses wide-angle lenses, which exaggerate any camera movement.
  • These dynamic moves add to the ethereal roaming quality of Malick's films.
  • A medium-angle pan or tilt, meanwhile, can give the audience visual information more deliberately.
  • In Easy Rider, an extended medium close-up pan lets us take in each character's facial expression one at a time.
  • This intimate portrayal of the hippie commune represents what made the film such a surprise success.
  • It closely and patiently documented the counterculture movement at a time when most of Hollywood was brushing it off.
  • In Raiders of the Lost Ark, a medium close-up pan creates a jump scare, pivoting to a close-up.
  • Fritz Lang uses a medium tilt with a dolly to relay important information in M. We now link the girl with the murderer described on the poster, and the shadow which appears over the poster becomes all the more foreboding.
  • This is the killer being described.
  • Close-up tilts and pans can emphasize the small details of a subject.
  • In Once Upon a Time in the West, Sergio Leone pans and tilts to maintain the intensity of Harmonica's gaze.
  • Only at the point of dying.
  • Filmmakers can also zoom during the movement.
  • This is a favorite technique of Robert Altman.
  • In this shot from Nashville, the camera zooms out to emphasize the expanse of the junkyard, while panning and tilting to keep Opal in the same area of the frame.
  • I'm reminded of...
  • Of an elephant's secret burial ground.
  • Framing is crucial when considering how to pan or tilt, and so is blocking and staging.
  • Blocking refers to actors' movement, or lack thereof, in a scene.
  • Staging refers to the camera's placement in relation to the actors.
  • Both elements can affect how a pan or tilt will be executed and perceived.
  • For example, movement may be synchronized with a subject's blocking.
  • In this scene from Possession, the camera dollies, tilts, and pans with Anna, mirroring her wild and out-of-control movements.
  • In Beau Treveil's training sequence, Claire Denis moves the camera in concert with the characters, tilting up and down, and panning back and forth.
  • These repetitive movements forefront both the monotony and the difficulty of the exercises.
  • In this moment from Ron, Akira Kurosawa pans across multiple planes of action.
  • Horsemen fly by in the foreground, while the camera follows the foot soldiers in the background.
  • By following their movement with the camera, Kurosawa adds an extra layer of momentum that a static camera would lack.
  • The camera's positioning, too, is important.
  • Panning or tilting while the camera is moving can make it seem like the camera is soaring through a scene.
  • As it does in Donnie Darko.
  • Here, the camera guides us through the busy school hallways using dollies and pans.
  • Director Richard Kelly explains the effect of the movement.
  • We choreograph Steadicam's sequences to songs.
  • They're part of the blueprint for the movie.
  • I like to create moments of lyricism, because it adds a magical element to the narrative.
  • Low-angle pivots, meanwhile, can give shots an epic quality.
  • Gladiator uses a low-angle pan to illustrate the power of the massive crowd.
  • This tilt from Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone begins at a high angle and ends as a low angle of Hogwarts.
  • By craning down through the tilt, the students are dwarfed by the majesty of the school.
  • An eye-level pan, meanwhile, can highlight a character's point of view.
  • In Eight and a Half, a pan is directed by Guido shifting attention.
  • A high-angle pan or tilt are often used to clearly lay out a location.
  • This pan from Me and Earl and the Dying Girl gives us a bird's-eye view of the bustling high school.
  • In Mission Impossible Ghost Protocol, a high-angle tilt with a push-in emphasizes the height of the Burj Khalifa.
  • This will become important later on, and Brad Bird uses a high-angle tilt to make the point again.
  • I'm telling you, we can get to it from outside.
  • We?
  • I'm on the computer.
  • Don't underestimate a simple camera movement.
  • Whether it's to establish a location, reveal information, follow movement, or something else entirely, panning or tilting can make a good shot great.
  • Make sure all of the shots in your next film have the potential to be great with StudioBinder's storyboard software.
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  • Until next time, we hope your next project pans out.