Channel

Animation and Film

Autos and Vehicles

Music Videos

Pets and Animals

Sports

Travel & Events

Gaming

People and Blogs

Comedy

Entertainment

News and Politics

How to And Style

Education

Science And Technology

NonProfit & Activism

Others

Subtitles section

No translation

x 1.0

	Shortcuts	Functions
1	Space	Pause/Play video
2	Right arrow	Next subtitle
3	Left arrow	Previous subtitle
4	r	Repeat sentence

Pre-Workout Tips to Quickly Improve Your Workout Energy | Dr. Andy Galpin & Dr. Andrew Huberman

Original YouTube Video | HubermanLabClips Published on 2023-07-21 Level：72 Speed：70 maxwordlevel：26

Video vocabulary

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

breath

US / breθ /

•

UK / brɛθ /

noun
Air you take in and out of your body

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

external

US / eksˈtə:nl /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɚnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning foreign countries
Concerning the outside of something; outer
Coming from the outside

inspiration

US / ˌɪnspə'reɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnspəˈreʃən /

noun
Force making you feel you can do things, succeed

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

poor

US / pʊə(r) /

•

UK / pʊr /

adjecitve
Inferior; below the normal standard
Deserving of pity or sympathy
Without money; not rich

seed

US / si:d /

•

UK / sid /

noun
A person's children; offspring
Part of a plant used to grow more on them
Source of a feeling or thought
Top-ranked person in a competition, e.g. in tennis
verb
(Of plants) to produce seeds for the future
To produce seeds, as a plant
To remove the center part from a fruit or vegetable
To be the source of a feeling or thought
To plant seeds in the ground

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

deviate

US / ˈdi:vieɪt /

•

UK / ˈdiviˌet /

verb
To do something unusual or different; depart from

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

trick

US / trɪk /

•

UK / trɪk /

adjecitve
Not reliable; likely to deceive you
noun
Act of trying to fool someone
Quick or skillful way of doing something
Something done to make someone laugh
verb
To fool someone in order to obtain a result
To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

drift

US / drɪft /

•

UK / drɪft /

verb
(Of sand, etc.) to be blown into heaps by the wind
(Of boats) to move without purpose on water
To move or live without a purpose or goal
To move slowly or effortlessly in water or air

drink

US / drɪŋk /

•

UK / drɪŋk /

noun
A liquid that you put in your mouth
verb
To put water in your body through your mouth

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

stack

US / stæk /

•

UK / stæk /

noun
A large number or amount of something
Large tube through which smoke exits a building
verb
To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes

blast

US / blɑ:st /

•

UK / blæst /

noun
Destructive wave of air from an explosion
Strong current of wind
verb
To attack someone with words
To destroy something with explosives
To make a loud noise on or with something

chair

US / tʃeə(r) /

•

UK / tʃer /

noun
A person in charge of an official meeting
A piece of furniture you sit on
verb
To be in charge of a meeting or department

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

version

US / ˈvə:ʃən /

•

UK / ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Different way that someone interprets something
New or different form of something
An updated form of some software

calorie

US / 'kælərɪ /

•

UK / ˈkæləri /

noun
Unit for measuring the amount of energy in food

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

literally

US / ˈlɪtərəli /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

adverb
So as to express the exact meaning of something
Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

particular

US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /

adjecitve
One specific (one)
Having firm ideas about what is desirable
Being special or more than is typical

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

catecholamine

US / ˌkætəˈkɒləˌmiːn /

•

UK / ˌkætəˈtʃoʊləˌmɪn; ˌkætəˈkoʊləˌmɪn /

noun
Any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medull

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

afternoon

US / ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n /

•

UK / ˌæftərˈnu:n /

noun
Time after 12:00 and before the evening meal

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

mental

US / ˈmentl /

•

UK / ˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Concerning the mind

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

photo

US / ˈfəʊtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈfoʊtoʊ /

noun
Short for photograph; a picture taken by a camera

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

rare

US / reə(r) /

•

UK / rɛr /

adjecitve
(Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

sentence

US / 'sentəns /

•

UK / ˈsɛntəns /

noun
Official punishment given by a court of law
Set of words that make a whole statement
verb
(Of a judge) to decide the punishment of

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

cortisol

US / 'kɔ:tɪsɒl /

•

UK / 'kɔ:tɪsɒl /

noun
Adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and prote

individual

US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

•

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

adjecitve
Made for use by one single person
Having a distinct manner different from others
noun
Single person, looked at separately from others

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

music

US / 'mju:zɪk /

•

UK / ˈmjuzɪk /

noun
Sounds that are sung or played to give pleasure
Academic study of rhythms and sounds
Written symbols that represent musical sounds

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

spool

US / spu:l /

•

UK / spul /

noun
Cylindrical object used to wind things around
verb
To wind string, wire etc. around a spool, etc.

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

adrenaline

US / ə'drenəlɪn /

•

UK / əˈdrɛnəlɪn /

noun
Chemical in the body that responds to stress, fear

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

equation

US / ɪˈkweɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues

inhale

US / ɪnˈheɪl /

•

UK / ɪnˈhel /

verb
To breathe in something like air or smoke
To eat or drink something extremely fast

mantra

US / ˈmæntrə /

•

UK / ˈmæntrə /

noun
Repeated expression, as in Hindu/Buddhist prayers

norepinephrine

US / ˌnɔ:repɪ'nefrɪn /

•

UK / ˌnɔ:epə'nefrɪn /

adjecitve

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

thumb

US / θʌm /

•

UK / θʌm /

noun
Part of a glove that goes over the thumb
The short, thick finger on the side of your hand
verb
To use your thumb to request a ride in a car
To casually look through a book, magazine etc.

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

card

US / kɑ:d /

•

UK / kɑ:rd /

noun
One of 54 pieces of paper used in a game of cards
Small piece of paper or plastic used as ID
verb
(Golf) to record how many hits you took

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

occasionally

US / əˈkeɪʒnəli /

•

UK / əˈkeɪʒən(ə)li /

adverb
Not very often; sometimes; seldom

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

algorithm

US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

noun
A step-by-step problem-solving feature

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

caffeine

US / ˈkæfi:n /

•

UK / kæˈfin, ˈkæfˌin, ˈkæfiɪn /

noun
Substance in coffee, etc. that keeps you awake

anyway

US / ˈeniweɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwe /

adverb
A word used to change the topic of a conversation

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

objective

US / əbˈdʒektɪv /

•

UK / əbˈdʒɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Being real, rather than simply being an idea
noun
Something you decide you want to do; goal

score

US / skɔ:(r) /

•

UK / skɔr, skor /

noun
A sharp mark or cut in the surface of something
Current number of points given in a game, contest
The written notes and parts of a piece of music
An achievement of success
Number of points on a test
verb
To mark or cut something with a sharp object
To get or give points in a game, contest, or test
To achieve success with something
To get points in a test

doubt

US / daʊt /

•

UK / daʊt /

noun
Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
verb
To question the truth or certainty of something

interrupt

US / ˌɪntə'rʌpt /

•

UK / ˌɪntəˈrʌpt /

verb
To stop something from happening for a while

milligram

US / ˈmɪligræm /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌɡræm /

noun
One thousandth (1/1000) of a gram

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

warm

US / wɔ:m /

•

UK / wɔrm /

adjecitve
Friendly, sincere and kind to others
Being friendly or sincere
Slightly hot; not very hot
verb
To become more friendly or to like something
To make something hotter

compound

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

•

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

adjecitve
(Of a term) created by combining two or more words
noun
Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
Chemical made up of several others
Closed walled area, as in a prison
Something formed by combining elements/parts
Term created by using two or more words together
verb
To pay interest on a loan including the interest
To make something from various parts or components
To make a mistake or problem worse

necessarily

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

•

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

adverb
In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

text

US / tekst /

•

UK / tɛkst /

noun
Any form in which writing exists
Reading or audio passage, often a story or article
Written part of a book or other work
verb
To send a message by phone or other device

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

website

US / ˈwebsaɪt /

•

UK / 'websaɪt /

noun
Collection of webpages in one location

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

restrict

US / rɪ'strɪkt /

•

UK / rɪˈstrɪkt /

verb
To prevent a person from doing something

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

dependent

US / dɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Someone who relies on (financial) support

chronic

US / 'krɒnɪk /

•

UK / ˈkrɑnɪk /

adjecitve
Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
(Of disease) over a long time; serious

idle

US / ˈaɪdl /

•

UK / ˈaɪdl /

adjecitve
Not having the will to be active; lazy
(Of machine) not being used
verb
(Of engine) to be running but not moving the car
To waste time; be lazy

initiate

US / ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt /

verb
To cause something to begin
To allow someone into a group by a special ceremony

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

myself

US / maɪˈself /

•

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same person who did the action mentioned
My regular, usual, or healthy self

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

breakfast

US / ˈbrekfəst /

•

UK / ˈbrɛkfəst /

noun
First meal of the day
verb
To have the first meal of the day

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

dopamine

US / 'dəʊpəmi:n /

•

UK / 'doʊpəmi:n /

noun
Drug used to treat shock and hypotension

honest

US / ˈɒnɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪst /

adjecitve
Good, truthful, sincere, or faithful; trustworthy

metric

US / ˈmetrɪk /

•

UK / ˈmɛtrɪk /

adjecitve
Based on the meter as a standard of measurement

motivational

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌmoʊtɪ'veɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Concerning motivation

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

crossword

US / ˈkrɒswɜ:d /

•

UK / ˈkrɔ:swɜ:rd /

noun
Word puzzle in the form of a square

loud

US / laʊd /

•

UK / laʊd /

adjecitve
Being very bright with colors, clothes etc.
Making a lot of noise

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

georgia

US / ˈdʒɔ:dʒə /

•

UK / ˈdʒɔrdʒə /

noun
A republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; formerly
other
A state in southeastern United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

hole

US / həʊl /

•

UK / hol /

noun
An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
Opening into or through something
An awkward or difficult situation
Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
verb
(Golf) to get the ball into the hole

foam

US / fəʊm /

•

UK / foʊm /

noun
Mix of a liquid and air to form a mass of bubbles
verb
To mix air and liquid to form a mass of bubbles

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

awful

US / ˈɔ:fl /

•

UK / ˈɔfəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible; terrible

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

sun

US / sʌn /

•

UK / sʌn /

noun
Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
Hot shining star the Earth moves around
verb
To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

impede

US / ɪm'pi:d /

•

UK / ɪmˈpid /

verb
To slow the progress of someone or something

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

exercise

US / 'eksəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

noun
Physical activity to increase health and strength
Set of questions in a text book
verb
To work out to become stronger and healthier
To retain your ability or practice your skills

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

mechanism

US / 'mekənɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm /

noun
Part of a machine that performs a certain function
System or process for achieving a certain result

prior

US / 'praɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpraɪɚ /

adjecitve
Existing or coming earlier in time
(Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
noun
Monk or priest in charge of a monastery

playlist

US / ˈpleɪlɪst /

•

UK / ˈpleɪlɪst /

noun
List of musical selections to be performed

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

count

US / kaʊnt /

•

UK / kaʊnt /

noun
Number of things added together, e.g. votes
With the number of crimes, knockouts, as stated
verb
To add things together to find the total number
To matter or be important
To include someone or something in a final number

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

jack

US / dʒæk /

•

UK / dʒæk /

noun
Increase the amount or intensity of something
Tool for exerting pressure or lifting
verb
To increase the amount or intensity of something
To exert pressure on by lifting

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

regulation

US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

noun
Act of controlling something with rules or orders
other

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

athlete

US / ˈæθli:t /

•

UK / ˈæθˌlit /

noun
Person trained to compete in sports

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

deploy

US / dɪˈplɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈplɔɪ /

verb
To put into position (often a military operation)

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

comfort

US / 'kʌmfət /

•

UK / ˈkʌmfət /

noun
Acts or words that reduce pain or sadness
State of being relaxed, warm or happy
verb
To try to make distressed person feel better

puzzle

US / 'pʌzl /

•

UK / ˈpʌzəl /

noun
Something challenging to explain or understand
Game requiring the player to find an answer
Game with many pieces, e.g. forming a picture
A problem requiring thought and skill to be solved
verb
To be a challenge to understand; confuse

rough

US / rʌf /

•

UK / rʌf /

adjecitve
Causing or involving violence, force, and harm
(Of situations) tough; difficult to get through
Being imprecise, inexact, and not detailed
Not gentle or not soft
Having an uneven or not smooth surface
Raw and natural
(Of sea weather etc.) not calm with strong winds
Involving or causing sudden, forceful movements
adverb
In a manner that is difficult, or violent
noun
Violent, loud, and unpleasant person
Incomplete drawing or draft done lacking detail
verb
To make something less smooth

sudden

US / ˈsʌdn /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn /

adjecitve
Happening or done quickly or unexpectedly

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

listen

US / ˈlɪsn /

•

UK / ˈlɪsən /

verb
To carefully consider what someone is saying

memory

US / 'memərɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛməri /

noun
Ability of the mind to call back past things
Space for the storage of information on a computer
Something that has been remembered

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

subjective

US / səbˈdʒektɪv /

•

UK / səbˈdʒɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Using personal feelings and opinions not facts

somehow

US / ˈsʌmhaʊ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhaʊ /

adverb
In a way that is not known or certain

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

gym

US / dʒɪm /

•

UK / dʒɪm /

noun
Physical education taught as a class in school
Building used for physical activities or sports

peak

US / pi:k /

•

UK / pik /

noun
Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
The very top of a mountain
State when something is at its best
Time or point when the highest level occurs
verb
To reach the highest or best point

respond

US / rɪ'spɒnd /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

verb
To answer something or someone
To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

enhance

US / ɪn'hɑ:ns /

•

UK / ɛnˈhæns /

verb
To improve; make bigger or better

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

strategy

US / 'strætədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈstrætədʒi /

noun
Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
other
Branch of military dealing with command

stupid

US / ˈstju:pɪd /

•

UK / ˈstu:pɪd /

adjecitve
Not intelligent; lacking ability to learn easily

terrific

US / təˈrɪfɪk /

•

UK / təˈrɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Spoken excellent; wonderful

tool

US / tu:l /

•

UK / tul /

noun
Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
verb
To provide a workshop with the right equipment

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

diligent

US / ˈdɪlɪdʒənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪlədʒənt /

adjecitve
Showing care, continued effort and hard work

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

motivation

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

noun
Reason behind why someone did something

assessment

US / əˈsesmənt /

•

UK / əˈsɛsmənt /

noun
Conclusion, opinion formed after due consideration

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

hyperventilation

US / ˌhaɪpəˌventɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌhaɪpərˌventɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Breathing too deeply/fast, as when agitated

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

acute

US / əˈkju:t /

•

UK / əˈkjut /

adjecitve
(Of an angle in math) of less than 90 degrees
Strong; very serious or severe

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

informally

US / ɪn'fɔ:məlɪ /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔml:ɪ /

adverb
In a casual or relaxed way
Unofficially; not in the official way

oppose

US / əˈpəʊz /

•

UK / əˈpoʊz /

verb
To fight against someone in a contest or game

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

tactic

US / 'tæktɪk /

•

UK / ˈtæktɪk /

noun
One of the ways you attempt to achieve a strategy

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

severe

US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

•

UK / səˈvɪr /

adjecitve
Very bad; harsh
Being very serious or extremely bad
(Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

bright

US / braɪt /

•

UK / braɪt /

adjecitve
Cheerful and happy (manner)
(Of color) light and easy to see; vivid
Producing a lot of light
Smart; intelligent; clever

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

consistently

US / kən'sɪstəntlɪ /

•

UK / kənˈsɪstəntlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that is the same almost every time

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pre

US / ˈpriː /

•

UK / ˈpriː /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'before'
In preparation or in advance

snap

US / snæp /

•

UK / snæp /

noun
An informal word for a photograph
verb
To close your mouth quickly like biting something
To break something dry and thin, e.g. a branch
To lose control of your emotions; get angry

tap

US / tæp /

•

UK / tæp /

noun
Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
verb
To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
To spy one someone electronically
To hit something or someone lightly
To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground

twin

US / twɪn /

•

UK / twɪn /

noun
Two children born from same mother at same time
One of two things that closely resemble each other

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

irritate

US / 'ɪrɪteɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪrɪˌtet /

verb
To disturb, anger, or upset someone
To make part of the body feel soreness and pain

strange

US / streɪndʒ /

•

UK / strendʒ /

adjecitve
Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

modulator

US / ˈmɔdjuleitə /

•

UK / ˈmɑdʒəˌletɚ /

noun
A device used to modulate an electromagnetic wave

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

shoulder

US / ˈʃəʊldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʃoldɚ /

noun
Part of the body where an arm attaches or joins
Meat that comes from an animal's upper front leg
Part of a shirt or coat that covers the shoulders
verb
To carry something around your neck
To push something using the top part of your arm
To accept a job or responsibility

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

hum

US / hʌm /

•

UK / hʌm /

noun
A constant low sound
verb
To make a constant low sound
To move very fast
To sing a tune without opening the mouth

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

self

US / self /

•

UK / sɛlf /

noun
Person's own interests or desires
Person that someone really is
Particular aspect of someone's personality
Person, usually someone already been mentioned

room

US / ru:m /

•

UK / rum, rʊm /

noun
All of the people inside a particular room
Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
verb
To share a home with someone

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

epinephrine

US / ˌepɪ'nefrɪn /

•

UK / ˌepə'nefrɪn /

noun
Catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulat

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

exception

US / ɪkˈsepʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Something different or not included

diminish

US / dɪˈmɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / dɪˈmɪnɪʃ /

verb
To make something smaller or less important
To imply someone's reputation is less good
To become or cause to become less in size, value

opposite

US / ˈɔpəzit /

•

UK / ˈɑpəzɪt /

adjecitve
Being totally different from
noun
Person, thing that is totally different to another
preposition
Across from or on the side facing something

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

physical

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the body of a person
Concerning things that can be seen or touched
noun
Health check at the doctors' or hospital

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

workout

US / ˈwɜ:kaʊt /

•

UK / ˈwə:kˌaʊt /

noun
Energetic exercise

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

message

US / 'mesɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɛsɪdʒ /

noun
Main idea or theme in a story, book, or film
Piece of information that is told/given to someone
verb
To communicate using text

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

quote

US / kwəʊt /

•

UK / kwot /

noun
Written statement of the cost of something
The (often wise or famous) words of another person
verb
To tell someone how much a task will cost
To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

phone

US / fəʊn /

•

UK / foʊn /

noun
Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
verb
To talk to someone using a telephone

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

relative

US / ˈrelətɪv /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪv /

adjecitve
Measured or considered in comparison to another
(Grammar) referring to words that appear earlier
noun
Members of the family
Humans or animals sharing the same family history

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

inverse

US / ɪnˈvɜ:s /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌvə:s /

adjecitve
Being the opposite of something else
noun
Thing that is the complete opposite of another

noise

US / nɔɪz /

•

UK / nɔɪz /

noun
Loud sounds that cause discomfort or annoyance

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

roar

US / rɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɔr, ror /

noun
A very loud, deep or hearty laugh
A very loud deep powerful shout
Loud, deep, and continuous noise
other
To produce a very loud, deep sound
verb
To laugh in a loud and continuous manner
To shout using a loud deep powerful voice
To make a long loud deep sound as made by a lion

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

yoga

US / ˈjəʊgə /

•

UK / ˈjoʊgə /

noun
Exercise system to gain suppleness and tranquility
Exercise to control the mind and body

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

stimulant

US / ˈstɪmjələnt /

•

UK / ˈstɪmjələnt /

noun
Drug that increases physical or mental activity

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

motivate

US / 'məʊtɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈmotəˌvet /

verb
To give someone a reason, the will to do something

phenomenon

US / fə'nɒmɪnən /

•

UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /

noun
Unusual event, fact that can be studied
Interesting or unusual person, group
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

recovery

US / rɪˈkʌvəri /

•

UK / rɪˈkʌvəri /

noun
Process of returning to a former (good) state
Act of getting back something that was lost

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

internet

US / ˈɪn.tə.net /

•

UK / ˋɪntɚ͵nɛt /

noun
Worldwide computer network system

potency

US / ˈpəʊtnsi /

•

UK / ˈpoʊtnsi /

noun
Quality or state of being potent; capability

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

breathe

US / bri:ð /

•

UK / brið /

verb
To move air into and out of your lungs
To say something very softly
To stop moving so one can rest

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

exhale

US / /

•

UK / /

verb
To breathe out the air or smoke in your lungs

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

cloud

US / klaʊd /

•

UK / klaʊd /

noun
A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
verb
To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
(Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
(Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

hiv

US / ˌeɪtʃ aɪ ˈviː /

•

UK / ˌeɪtʃ aɪ ˈviː /

noun
Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

stun

US / stʌn /

•

UK / stʌn /

verb
To greatly shock or surprise; totally amaze
To incapacitate using a special gun

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

helpful

US / ˈhelpfl /

•

UK / ˈhɛlpfəl /

adjecitve
Doing things that help someone

internal

US / inˈtə:nəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

adjecitve
Being or happening in the body
Being, happening in a country, state, organization
Within or inside; interior; not external

horrible

US / ˈhɒrəbl /

•

UK / ˈhɔrəbəl, ˈhɑr- /

adjecitve
Very bad; causing annoyance, distaste or fear

mood

US / mu:d /

•

UK / mud /

noun
Emotion or a state of mind; how you feel

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

email

US / 'i:meɪl /

•

UK / 'i:meɪl /

noun
A message like a letter sent by computer or phone
verb
To send an electronic letter via computer or phone

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

relationship

US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

•

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

noun
Connection between two or more people or things
Way people interact or live with each other
Romantic or loving friendship between two people

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

barrier

US / 'bærɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbæriɚ /

noun
Difficult situation preventing something happening
Structure or object that stops free movement

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

impulse

US / 'ɪmpʌls /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpʌls /

noun
Sudden desire to do something that is not planned
Signal of energy that travels along a wire/nerve

generally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

phrase

US / freɪz /

•

UK / frez /

noun
Common expression or saying
Section of musical notes in a piece of music
A set of words used together
verb
To choose words to say what you mean clearly

signal

US / 'sɪɡnəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪɡnəl /

adjecitve
Most important or most noticeable
noun
Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
Act/sound that tells people to do/start something
Road-side lights that direct traffic to go or stop
Sound and light waves carrying TV and radio data
verb
To be evidence/an indication something will happen
To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

hrv

US / /

•

UK / /

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

phase

US / feɪz /

•

UK / fez /

noun
Different stages of the moon from new to full
Distinct part or step in a process
One stage of a process or series of stages
verb
To make happen in a gradual ordered way

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

endurance

US / ɪn'djʊərəns /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʊrəns, -ˈdjʊr- /

noun
Quality of lasting or of being permanent
Ability to continue through difficulty

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

dig

US / dɪg /

•

UK / dɪɡ /

verb
To move material to create a hole

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

sensory

US / ˈsensəri /

•

UK / ˈsɛnsəri /

adjecitve
Referring to the physical senses

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

coach

US / kəʊtʃ /

•

UK / kotʃ /

noun
Large, comfortable bus
Person who teaches others how to do (sport, job)
verb
To teach others how to do something (e.g. sport)

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

strategically

US / strə'ti:dʒɪklɪ /

•

UK / strəˈtidʒɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In a strategic or carefully worked out way

terrible

US / ˈterəbl /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

tend

US / tend /

•

UK / tɛnd /

verb
To move or act in a certain manner
To take care of
To regularly behave in a certain way

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

accomplish

US / ə'kʌmplɪʃ /

•

UK / əˈkɑmplɪʃ /

verb
To succeed in doing; complete successfully

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

roller

US / ˈrəʊlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈroʊlə(r) /

noun
Long round piece of wood for flattening dough
Plastic or metal tube for shaping hair
Tool shaped like a tube used for crushing things
Powerful large long wave

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

frankly

US / ˈfræŋkli /

•

UK / ˈfræŋkli /

adverb
Speaking honestly and directly

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

accentuate

US / ək'sentʃʊeɪt /

•

UK / ækˈsɛntʃuˌet /

verb
To emphasize a difference; make more noticeable

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

grit

US / ɡrɪt /

•

UK / ɡrɪt /

noun
Strong determination
Tiny hard bits of stone, sand, etc.

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

alter

US / ˈɔ:ltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔltɚ /

verb
To change so (clothing) fits better

Subtitles section

If the answer is no, we're in a peaking phase, then we're actually going to use what I call acute state shifters.

So this is a whole host of little tricks that I have that can change HRV or any recovery metric within seconds.

Again, these are not chronic fixes.

This is just, I'm having a bad day today.

I feel like crap.

Can I make myself feel better right now?

And so I kind of call these parlor tricks a lot of the times.

And there's a thousand of them.

We are certainly not going to go over them.

But I'll give you some examples.

You can pull out, first of all, physical movement will do it.

You'd be stunned.

I'll just...

doing some yoga, moving around, doing some jumping jacks, starting your workout.

I mean, you've probably experienced this.

It's sort of cliche in our world at this point, but if you ever do any serious lifting over a serious amount of time, there will be days in which you walk in the gym and you feel awful.

And somehow that day you set a lifetime PR.

Yeah, that's a strange, strange phenomenon.

I experienced that more than a few times.

It's rare.

The inverse is rare.

However, you feel great.

You have a horrible workout.

It happens.

Yeah.

And it can happen for any number of different reasons.

Yeah, I think the the former when one isn't feeling very good and then somehow it's a terrific workout does set a kind of a seed of doubt as to how good our subjective assessments really are, which I guess is why we were talking about objective assessments like HIV.

And remember, if it's a single day here, you can even do hard training.

People sort of have this idea like, well, if you get up and your recovery scores down, do a lighter day.

That's probably, I'm probably never making that choice, to be honest.

Not in this situation.

Remember, this is one bad day and we are in a phase of even trying to improve performance right now.

Like, we're probably still training hard.

You will, again, often see, I felt terrible when I trained super hard and it totally changed my day around.

This all can happen.

So, exercise is my first love here.

Absolutely breathing.

Any sort of up regulation breathing.

So, we talked a lot about down regulation breathing.

just do the opposite, right?

And so this is when hyperventilation strategies can work.

Instead of accentuating the exhale, you accentuate the inhale, or you restrict the exhales.

This is working on the exact opposite situation.

You can also play little, this is where things like music, motivational quotes, if you're the type that follows people on Instagram that motivates you, or can work with these things.

Coaching tactics, these can be things like,

Finding out or talking about that person's why.

You sort of shared something that, a mantra you use when you're training hard to keep you go better.

I'm not going to ask you to share that now, but some people have this sometimes, right?

Or you may have this conversation with your athlete.

We call this finding out your why, right?

So finding out like, why are you really here?

What are we doing here?

And a lot of times you'll hear things like,

It's because I grew up poor and I don't ever want to be poor again.

Okay, great.

This is for my children or like any number of things and you can pull that out on these days.

You need to be really careful, this is why I call these parlor tricks, because when you play that card too often, it starts to lose effect, right?

And you can only dig to a hole so often before it's sort of like a...

The same thing is with music, right?

Every time you go to the weight room, it's blasting death metal at level ten.

Well, eventually, it's no longer motivating, right?

It's no longer helpful.

So, you want to deploy these things strategically.

Yeah, the phrase that comes to mind is signal to noise.

You know, the nervous system, especially the dopamine system and the adrenaline system, which are a part of this larger system called the catecholamine system, so that's dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine.

The get up and go, focus on external goals, movement associated, and on and on.

that that system responds best to high signal relative to noise.

So if you're, as you pointed out, listening to music every time, drinking a ton of caffeine, energy drinks, pre workout, nootropics, and then stacking all those things,

I sometimes refer to this as dopamine stacking, informally referred to as dopamine stacking.

You're doing all those things.

And then, first of all, then you're wondering why later that afternoon or the next day you're feeling like you're under a cloud.

Well, it's obvious, your catecholamine system crashed.

It's also that you don't necessarily become dependent on it.

It's just that you start to wonder whether or not you have the internal mechanisms and motivation to train without those things.

And so, one tends to use them more and more, and then they have a diminishing effect over time.

The rule that I've been sort of applying has been I never do two workouts in a row where I'm stacking in stimulants, loud music, and any kind of sort of high potency inspiration.

However, every set in the gym or when I run, I really try and be diligent about form and attention to what I'm doing.

The one exception would be the long duration endurance work.

Part of the reason I do that work is to let my mind go into states of drifting.

I'm not trying to think in complete sentences or even close to it.

Just let my brain kind of idle at a low hum.

And for that reason, generally listen to something that's more of a story or don't listen to anything at all and just let my thoughts kind of spool through.

Anyway, I don't want to take us too far off track, but I think this idea of signal to noise will resonate with the engineers out there.

But since most people are likely not engineers, it is the way that the nervous system works, evidenced by the fact that whatever area of your body right now is in contact with a chair,

or any other surface that it's been in contact with for more than a few seconds, you forget that it's in contact with it because there's low signal to noise at that point.

A similar note, you actually mentioned stimulants basically there, whether you're talking caffeine or any other stimulant, any other cortisol modulators or adaptogens, any of these things fall in the category.

If you're not using them consistently and you're having a rough day and all of a sudden you throw down two hundred milligrams of caffeine, it's going to change real fast, the equation.

That's a strong performance enhancing effect.

Yeah, absolutely.

And for these reasons, right?

So we mentioned a couple of them, breath work, food, more calories, just eating some food.

Sometimes we'll give people like what we call comfort foods.

So this is just like, hey, you're from Georgia and we know you love grits.

So we're having grits for breakfast.

Oh my, great.

Like just something to change your mood.

Acute state shifters to alter it.

The other couple of tricks here are light.

So if we know that maybe, say, multiple people are struggling that day, maybe we'll put on the lights extra bright.

We'll bring in some extra things and just get it more light in the area.

That doesn't even count actually going outside and seeing the sun, but perhaps we'll do that.

And then other little tricks that I've learned over the years is one particular thing I love is literally drawing a line, a physical line on the ground.

And you look at that line and you say like, I'm going to train today and I'm going to accomplish this effort.

I'm not going to walk past this line and into that training space until I'm ready to give that effort.

and that may take a minute or ten or whatever, but it's the physical barrier is very important to saying like I'm not just going to get through it.

I'm going to actually perform the way I want to perform or I'm not going to do it and I'm not going to cross this line until I'm ready to make that happen.

I really like that tool.

It also brings to mind the importance of at least thinking about how your relationship with your phone during training can perhaps help but also impede workout motivation and performance.

In an earlier episode, you mentioned that if people are using their phone to play music during their workout, that they establish the complete playlist.

prior to initiating the workout and then not deviate from that playlist as opposed to changing it in the middle because there's just too much of a of an impulse to also check social media, check email, check text messages.

I mean, the way I think about the phone actually is it's a bunch of little brain areas.

It's got a memory system for you.

It's got look up tables for look up tables.

It's got websites to look things up on the internet.

It's got photos.

I mean, it is so rich with sensory data and it's so closely linked to our own brain architecture.

The algorithms are designed for those to be that way that I always think about it as bringing in a second person with me, but that person is my twin that has severe attention issues.

And for those that already have attention issues, just think about this as a twin that would then compound you by tapping on your shoulder, talking to you all the time, interrupting you.

Somebody that you like a lot, but that frankly is a little bit irritating in that they're interrupting your ability to really show up and also your ability to show up for them.

So I started to think about the phone as an entire individual and that it represents me and certainly not the better version of me.

Exactly.

You actually mentioned something else that we'll use occasionally in what we call brain games or puzzles.

Whether this is a crossword puzzle or something where you actually lose your thought of self for a second and your brain gets engaged in a task that you weren't regretting or even thinking about.

These can be stupid little games.

It could be little challenges, especially if you're in like a group or a team setting.

Like we're going to play one round of dodgeball or we're going to play one round of thumb wars.

So you do encourage this?

Yeah.

I see.

So you would play like a thing instead of warming up, it's like, all right, get in and we'll get going.

We're going to get your foam roller, your dime or whatever thing.

This is like, all right, everyone line up and we're going to play thumb roars to see who wins.

Right.

Just like whatever.

Right.

And all of a sudden you've snapped into a new mental shift or literally playing brain games, playing Tetris on your phone.

Like any of these things can work in this acute setting.