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Project Habakkuk: The INSANE Aircraft Carrier Made From Ice

Original YouTube Video | megaprojects9649 Published on 2023-10-02 Level：96 Speed：66 maxwordlevel：26

#RoyalFamily #WWII

Video vocabulary

remarkable

US / rɪˈmɑ:kəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈmɑrkəbəl /

adjecitve
Interesting and unexpected, worthy of notice

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

bullet

US / 'bʊlɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʊlɪt /

noun
Metal object fired from a gun
Dot at the beginning of each line in a list

depth

US / depθ /

•

UK / dɛpθ /

noun
Distance below a surface

enigma

US / ɪˈnɪgmə /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪɡmə /

noun
Person or thing that is hard to understand

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

indestructible

US / ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbəl /

adjecitve
Not easily destroyed; very long-lasting

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

dead

US / ded /

•

UK / dɛd /

adjecitve
Not alive
Being bored or not interested
Unable to operate because electricity etc. ran out
Being unable to feel, physically or emotionally
adverb
Completely; absolutely

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

president

US / ˈprezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

noun
Person in charge of a country, or organization

shatter

US / 'ʃætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʃætɚ /

verb
To break into small pieces

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

pill

US / pɪl /

•

UK / pɪl /

noun
Person who is difficult to deal with
Small, round piece of medicine that is swallowed

boat

US / bəʊt /

•

UK / bot /

noun
Small form of transport for traveling on water
verb
To travel on a lake or river

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

iceberg

US / 'aɪsbɜ:ɡ /

•

UK / ˈaɪsˌbə:ɡ /

noun
Very large mass of floating ice in the sea

label

US / 'leɪbl /

•

UK / ˈlebəl /

noun
A (luxury) brand owned by a company
A word or term used to describe a person, thing
A piece of paper or material to identify something
verb
To use a term to describe, often negatively
To attach material to identify something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

backing

US / ˈbækɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbækɪŋ /

noun
Supporting another person, often with money
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

apparently

US / əˈpærəntli /

•

UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /

adverb
According to what you heard; from what can be seen

citizen

US / 'sɪtɪzn /

•

UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /

noun
Person who belongs to and has rights in a country

frozen

US / 'frəʊzn /

•

UK / ˈfroʊzn /

adjecitve
Hard, solid because it is below zero degrees
verb
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

grand

US / ɡrænd /

•

UK / ɡrænd /

adjecitve
A counter for 1000 of something
Great in amount, number or size
Being highest in status or rank; impressive

essential

US / ɪ'senʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈsɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely or most important and necessary

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

timing

US / ˈtaɪmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪmɪŋ /

noun
Measurement of how fast someone is
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

tweak

US / twi:k /

•

UK / twik /

noun
A small change or adjustment
verb
To make a small change or adjustment

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

bottle

US / 'bɒtl /

•

UK / ˈbɑtl /

noun
Container with a narrow neck used to hold liquids
verb
To put something into a bottle to store it

compromise

US / 'kɒmprəmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz /

noun
When you lessen your demands to get agreement
verb
To weaken your position or views
To lessen your demands so as to reach agreement
To put something at risk or in danger

cumbersome

US / ˈkʌmbəsəm /

•

UK / ˈkʌmbəsəm /

adjecitve
Being slow, heavy or difficult to move

flip

US / flɪp /

•

UK / flɪp /

noun
Act of turning your body in the air; somersault
Movement of something from one position to another
verb
To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
To move into a different position quickly
To move a button or switch to turn on or off

interlace

US / ˌɪntəˈleɪs /

•

UK / ˌɪntərˈleɪs /

verb
Spin

navy

US / ˈneɪvi /

•

UK / ˈnevi /

noun
Very dark shade of blue
Armed force consisting of ships, sailors etc.

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

testimony

US / 'testɪmənɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛstəˌmoni /

noun
Public statement of personal religious experiences
Statement of evidence in court

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

strength

US / streŋθ /

•

UK / strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ /

noun
Condition of being strong

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

refine

US / rɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To change slightly in order to improve it
To narrow down your search to a smaller number
To make a liquid cleaner by removing something

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

safely

US / ˈseɪfli /

•

UK / ˈseflɪ /

adverb
Out of danger

attribute

US / əˈtrɪbju:t /

•

UK / əˈtrɪbjut /

noun
Characteristic something has, e.g. size or color
Adjectives placed before the nouns they modify
verb
(Of books, art, music) to say it was composed by

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

endeavour

US / ɪn'devə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈdɛvɚ /

noun
Attempt or effort to do something
verb
To attempt or make effort to do something

ingenuity

US / ˌɪndʒə'nju:ətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɪndʒəˈnuɪti, -ˈnju- /

noun
Cleverness and originality

submarine

US / ˌsʌbməˈri:n /

•

UK / ˈsʌbməˌrin, ˌsʌbməˈrin /

noun
Ship that travels above and below the sea

ricochet

US / ˈrɪkəʃeɪ /

•

UK / ˌrɪkəˈʃe, ˈrɪkəˌʃe /

noun
A glancing rebound
verb
To spring away from an impact

transport

US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

noun
Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
verb
To carry things from one place to another
To cause to feel you are in a previous time

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

landlady

US / ˈlændleɪdi /

•

UK / ˈlændˌledi /

noun
Woman that rents out a home to another person

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

wall

US / wɔ:l /

•

UK / wɔl /

noun
High, flat side of a room or building

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

alternative

US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

•

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

adjecitve
A different choice
noun
Something different you can choose

construct

US / kənˈstrʌkt /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkt /

noun
A thought, theory or hypothesis
verb
To build or create something
To create a sentence, story, argument or theory

feasibility

US / ˌfi:zə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌfizəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
Quality of being able to be done

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

encounter

US / ɪn'kaʊntə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈkaʊntɚ /

noun
A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
verb
To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
To meet someone or something unexpectedly

regard

US / rɪ'ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrd /

noun
Admiration or respect for a person or thing
verb
To think about a person, thing in a particular way
To look at a person or thing in a particular way

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

dent

US / dent /

•

UK / dɛnt /

noun
Place on a car, etc. where it has been pushed in
verb
To make a depression on a (metal) surface

dedicated

US / 'dedɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd /

verb
To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
To give your energy, time, etc. completely

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

patrol

US / pə'trəʊl /

•

UK / pəˈtrol /

noun
Person or group who checks an area is safe
verb
To survey an area to maintain safety and order

royal

US / 'rɔɪəl /

•

UK / ˈrɔɪəl /

adjecitve
Excellent or grand; suitable for a king or queen
Concerning a king or queen
Used in some titles of noble persons, places

shortage

US / ˈʃɔ:tɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈʃɔ:rtɪdʒ /

noun
A lack of something necessary

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

capability

US / ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌkeɪpə'bɪləti /

noun
Means, ability, or potential to do something

convince

US / kən'vɪns /

•

UK / kənˈvɪns /

verb
To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

vast

US / vɑ:st /

•

UK / væst /

adjecitve
Being very large in size or amount

ambitious

US / æmˈbɪʃəs /

•

UK / æmˈbɪʃəs /

adjecitve
Having the desire to be successful in life, work

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

television

US / ˈtelɪvɪʒn /

•

UK / ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən /

noun
Device that broadcasts programs, movies or show

counter

US / 'kaʊntə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkaʊntɚ /

noun
A point in a discussion that puts an opposite view
A narrow table top for serving/preparing food
Person or device that adds the number of things
A token or flat piece used in games
prefix
Being opposite or against something
verb
To say or do something in opposition or resistance
To try to prevent, as by making a different point

conscientious

US / ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:nʃiˈenʃəs /

adjecitve
Careful to do things as you know you should do

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

sag

US / sæɡ /

•

UK / sæɡ /

verb
To become weak and less useful; to decrease
To hang loosely from something

steel

US / sti:l /

•

UK / stil /

adjecitve
Made of, or partly made of, a strong silvery metal
noun
Very strong or determined character in a person
Very strong metal made of iron, etc.
verb
To prepare yourself for something difficult

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

churchill

US / ˈtʃɜːtʃɪl /

•

UK / ˈtʃɜrtʃɪl /

field

US / fi:ld /

•

UK / fild /

noun
Area of study, such as physics or biology
Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
Open area of land, especially without buildings
Grassed area where you play some sports
verb
To respond to something or answer a question
To catch or stop a ball during a game

maneuver

US / mə'nu:və /

•

UK / məˈnuvɚ, -ˈnju- /

noun
Military movement of troops
verb
To move troops in a battle

leg

US / leɡ /

•

UK / lɛɡ /

noun
Part of the body from the hips down
The piece of furniture that touches the ground

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

plaque

US / plæk /

•

UK / plæk /

noun
Sign on building as a reminder of an event/person
Hard matter that can build up on your teeth

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

success

US / sək'ses /

•

UK / səkˈsɛs /

noun
Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
A successful person; one who achieved their aims

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

danger

US / ˈdeɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdendʒɚ /

noun
The possibility of getting hurt, damaged, killed

incredible

US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

adjecitve
Very good; amazing
Really good; amazing; great
Very hard to believe

limited

US / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

adjecitve
(Of a company) with a limit of financial liability
With restrictions; not broad in scope
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

spy

US / spaɪ /

•

UK / spaɪ /

noun
Person who gets secret information about an enemy
Person who secretly watches other people
verb
To try to get secrets about an enemy country
To secretly watch someone or something
To see something or someone

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

board

US / bɔ:d /

•

UK / bɔrd, bord /

noun
Surface for posting or showing information
Group of persons who direct an organization
Long piece of material used for riding the waves
Long thin piece of wood, used for building; plank
verb
To enter a ship, plane, or other vehicle
To cover with long wooden strips of wood
To pay money to live in someone's house; lodge

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

buoyancy

US / 'bɔɪənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɔɪənsi, ˈbujən- /

noun
Degree to which a thing floats on liquid or in air

eccentric

US / ɪkˈsentrɪk /

•

UK / ɪkˈsɛntrɪk, ɛk- /

adjecitve
Out of the ordinary; acting unusually or oddly
noun
Person who acts unusually or bizarrely

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

financial

US / faɪˈnænʃl /

•

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

adjecitve
Involving money

labor

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
The people with work in a community
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

ocean

US / 'əʊʃn /

•

UK / ˈoʃən /

noun
Large body of salt water; a large sea

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

pike

US / paɪk /

•

UK / paɪk /

noun
A type of fish
Road that people must pay to use
In history, a type of spear

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

vehicle

US / ˈvi:əkl /

•

UK / ˈvi:hɪkl /

noun
Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
Means of expressing, showing, or achieving

delve

US / delv /

•

UK / delv /

verb
To search, especially as if by digging, in order to find a thing or information

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

japanese

US / ˌdʒæpəˈniːz /

•

UK / ˌdʒæpəˈniːz /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Japan

melt

US / melt /

•

UK / mɛlt /

verb
To disappear or to go away
To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
To become liquid through heating

obtain

US / əbˈteɪn /

•

UK / əbˈtein /

other
To get something through your efforts
verb
To be given or to earn something through efforts

prominence

US / ˈprɒmɪnəns /

•

UK / ˈprɑ:mɪnəns /

noun
State or quality of being important or well known

shoebox

US / ˈʃuːbɒks /

•

UK / ˈʃuːbɑːks /

noun
A small box that you buy shoes in

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

expert

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

adjecitve
Having special knowledge or skill
noun
Skillful person with special knowledge

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

mathematical

US / ˌmæθə'mætɪkl /

•

UK / ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning numbers and equations

quebec

US / kwɪ'bek /

•

UK / kwɪ'bek /

proper noun
A heavily forested province in eastern Canada; population 7,546,131 (2006). Settled by the French in
A code word representing the letter Q, used in radio communication.

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

tub

US / tʌb /

•

UK / tʌb /

noun
Another word for a bath

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

feasible

US / ˈfi:zəbl /

•

UK / ˈfizəbəl /

adjecitve
Possible; that you can believe will work/succeed

island

US / ˈaɪlənd /

•

UK / ˈaɪlənd /

noun
Area of land that is surrounded by water

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

manoeuvrability

US / məˌnu:vrəˈbɪlətɪ /

•

UK / məˌnuvərəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
Ability to be moved freely and easily

outer

US / ˈaʊtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈaʊtɚ /

adjecitve
Far away
Being farther away from the center
On or around something; away from the center

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

substance

US / 'sʌbstəns /

•

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

noun
Essence of; most basic or central qualities
Particular type of material
Having material form; existing
Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

visionary

US / ˈvɪʒənri /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒəneri /

adjecitve
Thinking about the future in an imaginative way

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

biography

US / baɪˈɒgrəfi /

•

UK / baɪˈɑ:grəfi /

noun
Story of a person's life as told by someone else

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

explosive

US / ɪkˈspləʊsɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplosɪv /

adjecitve
Tending to show strong emotion suddenly
Occurring very quickly and suddenly
Able to release a lot of energy fast, like a bomb
noun
Material which can explode (e.g. a bomb)

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

ice

US / aɪs /

•

UK / aɪs /

noun
Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

habakkuk

US / /

•

UK / həˈbækək /

other
A Hebrew minor prophet
An Old Testament book telling Habakkuk's prophecies

ponder

US / ˈpɒndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:ndə(r) /

verb
To think about something with great care

resistant

US / rɪˈzɪstənt /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪstənt /

adjecitve
Not affected by something
Being opposed to or wanting to prevent something

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

ratio

US / ˈreɪʃiəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪʃioʊ /

noun
The relationship in relative size, etc.

theatre

US / ˈθiətə /

•

UK / ˈθi:ətər /

noun
Place where plays are seen
The place operations are performed in a hospital
Area or place something happens

upper

US / ˈʌpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

adjecitve
Located above others of the same kind
Being the northern part of a region
Being closer to the source of a river
noun
Drug that improves mood or increases energy
Something happy or encouraging
Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

downfall

US / 'daʊnfɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˌfɔl /

noun
Sudden loss of status/reputation/money

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

wood

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

adjecitve
Living or existing in the woods
Made from the material from trees
noun
Person's name
Land covered with trees, smaller than a forest
Cut tree used for making fires or building things
verb
To plant an area of land with trees

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

wreckage

US / ˈrekɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈrɛkɪdʒ /

noun
Remaining parts of something that has been wrecked

admiral

US / 'ædmərəl /

•

UK / ˈædmərəl /

noun
A person with a high rank in a navy

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

equip

US / ɪ'kwɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪp /

verb
To provide with necessary materials or skills

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

pure

US / pjʊə(r) /

•

UK / pjʊr /

adjecitve
Not mixed with anything else
Being morally good

deem

US / di:m /

•

UK / dim /

verb
To judge something to be a certain thing, way

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

mixed

US / mɪkst /

•

UK / mɪkst /

verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

turret

US / ˈtʌrət /

•

UK / ˈtɜ:rət /

noun
Small tower on a building

blow

US / bləʊ /

•

UK / blo /

noun
Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
Act of making air come out of your mouth
A hit or strike from an object
verb
To move something using air
To make air come quickly out of your mouth
To clear something by forcing air through it

conventional

US / kən'venʃənl /

•

UK / kənˈvɛnʃənəl /

adjecitve
Following the common attitudes and practices

exceptional

US / ɪkˈsepʃənl /

•

UK / ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being extremely and unusually good
(Of circumstance, etc.) being unusual; not normal

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

iteration

US / ˌɪtəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪtəˈreʃən /

noun
Single execution of a repeated set of instructions

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

scientist

US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

noun
Person who is trained in a science

unexpectedly

US / ˌʌnɪk'spektɪdlɪ /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspɛktɪdlɪ /

adverb
In a surprising way because not expected

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

albert

US / ˈælbət /

•

UK / ælˈbɚt /

noun
Prince consort of Queen Victoria of England

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

portugal

US / 'pɔ:tʃʊɡl /

•

UK / 'pɔ:rtʃʊɡl /

other
A republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in th

treacherous

US / ˈtretʃərəs /

•

UK / ˈtrɛtʃərəs /

adjecitve
Dangerously unstable and unpredictable

ultimate

US / ˈʌltɪmət /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪt /

adjecitve
Basic; original; most significant
Being the greatest example of something
Happening or coming at the end of process; final

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

munition

US / mju:'nɪʃn /

•

UK / mjuˈnɪʃən /

noun
Military weapons such as guns, bullets, and bombs

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

readiness

US / ˈredinəs /

•

UK / ˈrɛdɪnɪs /

noun
State of having been made ready or prepared

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

strategy

US / 'strætədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈstrætədʒi /

noun
Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
other
Branch of military dealing with command

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

thick

US / θɪk /

•

UK / θɪk /

adjecitve
Difficult to see through, as fog
Full of (people, etc.)
(Of a liquid) that moves or pours slowly
Stupid; not smart
(Of person's accent) hard to understand
Having a large distance between two surfaces

scientific

US / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

•

UK / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning academic study of the physical world

brittle

US / 'brɪtl /

•

UK / ˈbrɪtl /

adjecitve
Easily broken, cracked, or snapped

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

novel

US / 'nɒvl /

•

UK / ˈnɑvəl /

adjecitve
Unusual and new or different from previous things
noun
Written fiction story

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

tow

US / təʊ /

•

UK / to /

noun
Pulling another vehicle; being pulled thus
verb
To pull a vehicle with ropes using another vehicle

withdraw

US / wɪð'drɔ: /

•

UK / wɪðˈdrɔ, wɪθ- /

verb
To take money out of a bank account
To pull back; move away or backward from something
To remove something from its place or position
To stop taking a strong, usually illegal, drug
To take something back that was given or offered

unpredictable

US / ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl /

•

UK / ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbəl /

adjecitve
Difficult to guess about (the future)

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

underwater

US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

adjecitve
(Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

bomber

US / ˈbɒmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɑmɚ /

noun
Military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

dome

US / dəʊm /

•

UK / doʊm /

noun
Rounded roof or ceiling shaped like half a ball

rough

US / rʌf /

•

UK / rʌf /

adjecitve
Causing or involving violence, force, and harm
(Of situations) tough; difficult to get through
Being imprecise, inexact, and not detailed
Not gentle or not soft
Having an uneven or not smooth surface
Raw and natural
(Of sea weather etc.) not calm with strong winds
Involving or causing sudden, forceful movements
adverb
In a manner that is difficult, or violent
noun
Violent, loud, and unpleasant person
Incomplete drawing or draft done lacking detail
verb
To make something less smooth

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

titanic

US / taɪ'tænɪk /

•

UK / taɪˈtænɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning great force or power

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

terrain

US / təˈreɪn /

•

UK / təˈren /

noun
Characteristics (e.g. rough) of a piece of land

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

benchmark

US / ˈbentʃmɑ:k /

•

UK / ˈbentʃmɑ:rk /

noun
Standard by which other similar things are judged

astonish

US / ə'stɒnɪʃ /

•

UK / əˈstɑnɪʃ /

verb
To cause someone to feel great wonder or surprise

equivalent

US / ɪˈkwɪvələnt /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪvələnt /

adjecitve
Equal to something in value, use or meaning
noun
Thing like another in quality, quantity or degree

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

severely

US / sə'vɪrlɪ /

•

UK / səˈvɪrlɪ /

adverb
Extremely bad or harsh

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

combine

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To mix several things together to form one thing

carrier

US / ˈkæriə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæriɚ /

noun
A company, e.g. mail, airline, that carries things
Someone with a disease who gives it to another
someone who does not suffer from a disease but has the infection or genetic fault that causes it and

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

maiden

US / ˈmeɪdn /

•

UK / ˈmedn /

adjecitve
Being the earliest or first
noun
Unmarried woman or young girl

naval

US / ˈneɪvl /

•

UK / ˈnevəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a navy or ships used in war

roosevelt

US / ˈrəʊzəvɛlt /

•

UK / ˈroʊzəˌvɛlt /

proposal

US / prəˈpəʊzl /

•

UK / prəˈpozəl /

noun
Act of asking someone to marry you
Offer or plan to people who can decide about it

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

manpower

US / ˈmænpaʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmænˌpaʊɚ /

noun
The workers available

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

speculate

US / ˈspekjuleɪt /

•

UK / ˈspɛkjəˌlet /

verb
To take risks that might lead to big profits
To predict or guess what is possible or likely

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

utilize

US / ˈju:təlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈjutlˌaɪz /

verb
To use something for a particular purpose

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

invention

US / ɪnˈvenʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛnʃən /

noun
Something new that is different from other things
Power or ability to create new things
Process of creating a new device or idea

stunned

US / stʌnd /

•

UK / stʌnd /

adjecitve
Extremely surprised; totally amazed
verb
To greatly shock or surprise; totally amaze
To incapacitate using a special gun

sum

US / sʌm /

•

UK / sʌm /

noun
Amount when all is added together; total
verb
To add two or more numbers together; total

testament

US / ˈtestəmənt /

•

UK / ˈtɛstəmənt /

noun
Evidence or proof (usually of something good)

testing

US / ˈtestɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtestɪŋ /

verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

spur

US / spɜ:(r) /

•

UK / spɚ /

noun
Rock that sticks out from the side of a mountain
Something that makes a person act
verb
To make your horse go faster
To make someone want to do something

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

camp

US / kæmp /

•

UK / kæmp /

noun
A (military) base
Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
Place where people live for a short time in tents
verb
To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

concrete

US / 'kɒŋkri:t /

•

UK / kɑnˈkrit, kɑŋ-, ˈkɑnˌkrit, ˈkɑŋ- /

adjecitve
Concerning something that is physical or real
noun
Hard building material made of cement, sand, water
verb
To cover or make with a hard grey building material

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

king

US / kɪŋ /

•

UK / kɪŋ /

noun
Person considered the best or top at something
Playing card with the image of a king on it
Key piece in the game of chess
Royal male ruler of a country
Person's name

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

sheer

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

adjecitve
(Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
(Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
adverb
Straight up and down; steeply
verb
To suddenly turn or change direction

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

allocate

US / ˈæləkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈæləˌket /

verb
To distribute or set apart for a plan or purpose

compression

US / kəm'preʃn /

•

UK / kəmˈprɛʃən /

noun
Act of reducing something in time, size, quantity

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

ludicrous

US / ˈlu:dɪkrəs /

•

UK / ˈludɪkrəs /

adjecitve
Very foolish; ridiculous

cumulative

US / ˈkju:mjələtɪv /

•

UK / ˈkju:mjəleɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Getting larger slowly through more additions

jet

US / dʒet /

•

UK / dʒɛt /

noun
Stream of liquid/gas shooting out of small opening
(Of liquid, gas) to shoot out of a small opening
A pipe that water or gas goes through
Hard, black, usually shiny stone
verb
(Of liquid, gas) to shoot out of a small opening
To travel on a jet plane

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

reputation

US / ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən /

noun
Common opinion that people have about someone

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

conference

US / ˈkɒnfərəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfərəns, -frəns /

noun
Series of lectures held as an event
An association of US sports teams

credit

US / 'kredɪt /

•

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

adjecitve
Having a positive amount of money
noun
System to buy something and pay for it later
Points earned instead of money
Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
Points earned towards a university degree
verb
To add a certain amount of money to a total
To recognize someone's achievements or help

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

perception

US / pəˈsepʃn /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Way in which one sees or understands something

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

formula

US / 'fɔ:mjələ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrmjələ /

noun
A mathematical or scientific rule
Plan, rule or method for doing or making something

hollow

US / ˈhɒləʊ /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:loʊ /

adjecitve
(Of objects) having nothing inside; not solid
Lacking value, sincerity, or meaning
(E.g. of a laugh) lacking strength and emotion
(Sound) produced when something empty is hit
Appearing sunken or curved down
noun
Gap or indented surface
Area of land a little deeper than the surface
verb
To make a solid object have a large hole inside it

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

legacy

US / 'leɡəsɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɛɡəsi /

noun
Literature, arts etc. from previous generations
Something left or given by a person who has died

planet

US / 'plænɪt /

•

UK / ˈplænɪt /

noun
One of the bodies that orbit the sun

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

survey

US / 'sɜ:veɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜː(r)veɪ /

noun
Broad view or general description of something
Act of measuring land or property to make a map
Set of questions used to ask people about a topic
verb
To offer a broad view or general description
To measure an area of land to make a map of it
To ask people a question about a particular topic

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

urgent

US / ˈɜ:dʒənt /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rdʒənt /

adjecitve
Very important and needing immediate attention
That needs to be done quickly

ally

US / 'ælaɪ /

•

UK / 'ælaɪ /

noun
Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
verb
To join a group to offer or receive support

attach

US / ə'tætʃ /

•

UK / əˈtætʃ /

verb
To be associated or connected with

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

boss

US / bɒs /

•

UK / bɔs, bɑs /

noun
Person in charge of you at work
verb
To give orders to someone in an unpleasant way

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

depart

US / dɪˈpɑ:t /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rt /

verb
To die
To go from a place in order to start a journey
To start doing something in a new or different way

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

steaming

US / ˈstiːmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈstiːmɪŋ /

adjecitve
Very hot, as when cooked in boiling water
verb
To cover a surface with steam, so as to clean it
To cook in mist of tiny drops from boiling water
To produce or give off a hot gas by boiling liquid
To travel or move using steam as a force

winston

US / ˈwɪnstən /

•

UK / ˈwɪnstən /

altogether

US / ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɔltəˈɡɛðɚ /

adverb
All things considered
Completely and entirely, fully
With all included and counted

appraisal

US / əˈpreɪzl /

•

UK / əˈprezəl /

noun
Evaluation of how good something/someone is

displace

US / dɪs'pleɪs /

•

UK / dɪsˈples /

verb
To cause someone to move from their usual place
To substitute something with something else

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

tube

US / tju:b /

•

UK / tub,tjub /

noun
Plastic or metal container for soft substances
Long hollow pipe used to hold or liquids or gases

peculiar

US / pɪ'kju:lɪə(r) /

•

UK / pɪˈkjuljɚ /

adjecitve
Not usual or normal; strange

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

bathroom

US / ˈbɑ:θru:m /

•

UK / ˈbæθru:m /

noun
Room where you take a bath or go to the toilet

arise

US / əˈraɪz /

•

UK / əˈraɪz /

verb
To stand up
To result or happen due to a particular event

pleased

US / pliːzd /

•

UK / pliːzd /

adjecitve
Being happy and satisfied
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

accurate

US / ˈækjərət /

•

UK / ˈækjərɪt /

adjecitve
With no mistake or error; Correct

majority

US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

noun
Amount that is more than half of a group

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

swallow

US / 'swɒləʊ /

•

UK / ˈswɑː.loʊ /

noun
Small northern bird with downward-pointing wings
Making food or drink go down to the stomach
verb
To believe (something that is not true)
To make food go from your mouth to your stomach
To cover or hide something

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

voyage

US / 'vɔɪɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈvɔɪɪdʒ /

noun
Long journey to a distant or unknown place
verb
To take a sea journey to a different or new place

height

US / haɪt /

•

UK / haɪt /

noun
Distance of something from the bottom to the top

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

possibility

US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Something with a chance of happening or being true

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

trigger

US / 'trɪɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɪɡɚ /

noun
Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
Device that starts a process
verb
To start a process off e.g. a memory

approval

US / əˈpru:vl /

•

UK / əˈpruvəl /

noun
Agreement that person/thing is acceptable
Positive opinion of something or someone

february

US / ˈfebruəri /

•

UK / ˈfebrueri /

noun
2nd month of the year

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

lie

US / laɪ /

•

UK / lai /

noun
An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
verb
To be in a horizontal or flat position
To say something that you know is not true

maintain

US / meɪn'teɪn /

•

UK / menˈten /

verb
To keep saying something a certain way
To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
To keep, exist or continue without changing

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

prototype

US / ˈprəʊ.tə.taɪp /

•

UK / ˈproʊ.t̬ə.taɪp /

noun
A first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed

showcase

US / ˈʃəʊkeɪs /

•

UK / ˈʃoʊkeɪs /

noun
Cabinet to display objects or goods for sale
Setting to display something to best effect
verb
To display something to best effect

soldier

US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

noun
Person working in an army to fight

administer

US / əd'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ædˈmɪnɪstɚ /

verb
To give e.g. medicine to a patient
To manage or have responsibility for something
To ensure something is performed correctly, fairly

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

destination

US / ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛstəˈneʃən /

noun
The place you are traveling to

arrive

US / əˈraɪv /

•

UK / əˈraɪv /

verb
To reach the place you are traveling to

experiment

US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

noun
Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
verb
To create and perform tests to research something
To try something new that you haven't tried before

german

US / ˈdʒɜːmən /

•

UK / ˈdʒɜːrmən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Germany
noun
Person from Germany

distance

US / 'dɪstəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

noun
Lack of friendliness toward another person
Amount of space between two places or things
verb
To make it clear that you are not involved

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

layer

US / ˈleiə /

•

UK / ˈleɚ /

noun
One of several sheets of a material or object
verb
To put things one on top of another

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

abandon

US / ə'bændən /

•

UK / əˈbændən /

noun
Wild, carefree behavior
verb
To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
To withdraw your support, or leave someone
To stop doing or having (hope, plans); give up
To leave a place, car and not go back
To surrender to a desire, with little self-control

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

calculation

US / ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkælkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Process or result of using mathematics
An educated guess about something

frame

US / freɪm /

•

UK / frem /

noun
Structure that holds a picture or photo
A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
Main part of structures supporting the other parts
verb
To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
To put say or write something in a careful way
To put a picture in a protective structure

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

pulp

US / pʌlp /

•

UK / pʌlp /

noun
Soft, succulent part of a fruit

propose

US / prə'pəʊz /

•

UK / prəˈpoz /

verb
To make an offer of marriage
To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

sawdust

US / ˈsɔ:dʌst /

•

UK / ˈsɔˌdʌst /

noun
Fine particles of wood made by sawing wood

proximity

US / prɒk'sɪmətɪ /

•

UK / prɑkˈsɪmɪti /

noun
State of being near or close to something

venture

US / 'ventʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvɛntʃɚ /

adjecitve
(Business activity) taking chances or risks
noun
(Business) activity involving calculated risks
verb
To risk something, such as money
To face the dangers, take the risk of something
To say something; to dare to speak your mind

concept

US / 'kɒnsept /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

noun
Abstract idea of something or how it works

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

gauge

US / ɡeɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɡedʒ /

noun
A tool used to measure things
verb
To measure or make a judgment about something

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

tide

US / taɪd /

•

UK / taɪd /

noun
Way opinions or events are developing or changing
Regular rise and fall of the level of the sea
verb
To give you what is needed for a short time

temperature

US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

noun
When you your body heat is above normal
How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

account

US / ə'kaʊnt /

•

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

noun
An advantage
Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
An invoice for things bought
Arrangement whereby you can use online services
A description, often written, of events; report

guise

US / gaɪz /

•

UK / ɡaɪz /

noun
Pretense; act to give a false impression

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

paper

US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

adjecitve
Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
Made from the material that we use to make books
noun
Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
Written test
Newspaper
Pages of a book are made from this

rage

US / reɪdʒ /

•

UK / reɪdʒ /

noun
Strong or violent anger
Sudden display of strong or violent anger
verb
To act or speak with strong or violent anger
To move violently, like a storm

british

US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of British

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

diver

US / ˈdaɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdaɪvɚ /

noun
Person swimming under water

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

atlantic

US / æt'læntɪk /

•

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

adjecitve
Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

initial

US / ɪ'nɪʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Existing or occurring at the beginning
noun
First letter of your given name
verb
To authorize something by writing your initials

numerous

US / ˈnju:mərəs /

•

UK / ˈnumərəs, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Existing in large numbers

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

triple

US / ˈtrɪpl /

•

UK / ˈtrɪpəl /

noun
Group or set of three

whereas

US / ˌweərˈæz /

•

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

conjunction
Taking into consideration the fact that

commemorative

US / kəˈmemərətɪv /

•

UK / kəˈmeməreɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Intended to remember someone or an event

chip

US / tʃɪp /

•

UK / tʃɪp /

noun
Small piece that has broken off (e.g. from cup)
Piece of computer hardware that does calculations
Thin piece of fried potato or other food
Act of hitting a ball high but not very far
verb
To break a small piece off something such as a cup
To break into small pieces, often with a tool
To hit or kick a ball high but not very far

artist

US / ˈɑ:tɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪst /

noun
A person skilled and creative in art e.g. painter

fleet

US / fli:t /

•

UK / flit /

noun
Group of ships under one commander

extensive

US / ɪkˈstensɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Large; full or complete

precarious

US / prɪˈkeəriəs /

•

UK / prɪˈkɛriəs /

adjecitve
Not secure; likely to fall over/off; dangerous

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

approve

US / əˈpru:v /

•

UK / əˈpruv /

verb
To formally accept something or grant permission
To have a positive opinion of someone or something

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

einstein

US / ˈaɪn.staɪn /

•

UK / ˈaɪn.staɪn /

noun
Albert Einstein, a German-born theoretical physicist

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

barge

US / bɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / bɑ:rdʒ /

noun
Large low boat with a flat bottom
verb
To push your way into a place or conversation

intrepid

US / ɪn'trepɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈtrɛpɪd /

adjecitve
Feeling no fear; being brave

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

officer

US / ˈɒfɪsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪsə(r) /

noun
Person of high position in an organization
Person of high position in the military

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

pacific

US / pə'sɪfɪk /

•

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

esteem

US / ɪˈsti:m /

•

UK / ɪˈstim /

noun
Feeling of respect or admiration regarding someone
verb
To regard with great respect or admiration

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

lake

US / leɪk /

•

UK / lek /

noun
Large area of water surrounded by land

mixture

US / ˈmɪkstʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪkstʃɚ /

noun
Something made by combining two or more things

snowy

US / 'snəʊɪ /

•

UK / ˈsnoi /

adjecitve
When snow falls; marked by snow falling

troop

US / tru:p /

•

UK / trup /

noun
Group of people
Group of mammals or birds
A group of soldiers
verb
To walk past in a group or large number
To move or gather in a crowd

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

anger

US / ˈæŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡɚ /

noun
Feelings of being upset, mad or annoyed
A strong feeling we can get if we think we're being treated badly
verb
To make someone mad, upset, or annoyed

flatten

US / 'flætn /

•

UK / ˈflætn: /

verb
To make level and spread out over a surface

fear

US / fɪə(r) /

•

UK / fɪr /

noun
Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
verb
To be afraid of or nervous about something

optimal

US / ˈɒptɪməl /

•

UK / ˈɑptəməl /

adjecitve
Best or most desirable; best possible

original

US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

adjecitve
Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
Being unique or thinking differently from others

pursue

US / pə'sju: /

•

UK / pɚˈsu /

verb
To follow and try to catch, or to reach a goal
To try to achieve or get something over time

sleep

US / sli:p /

•

UK / slip /

noun
Substance in a person's eyes after waking up
Period of time during which a person is asleep
verb
To have enough beds for
To rest your body in bed, as at night time

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

topic

US / 'tɒpɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

noun
Subject or issue people talk or write about

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

abundant

US / əˈbʌndənt /

•

UK / əˈbʌndənt /

adjecitve
Being in very great supply; plentiful

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

slowly

US / ˈsləʊli /

•

UK / ˈsloʊli /

adverb
In an unhurried or not speedy manner

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

warship

US / ˈwɔ:ʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈwɔ:rʃɪp /

noun
Government ship that is available for waging war

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

refrigeration

US / rɪˌfrɪdʒə'reɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˌfrɪdʒə'reɪʃn /

noun
Process of cooling food or keeping it cool

resistance

US / rɪ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪstəns /

noun
Force that stops or slows movement of something
Refusal to accept something new or different

sink

US / sɪŋk /

•

UK / sɪŋk /

noun
Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
verb
To push something down into the ground
To dig (a well)
To move down toward a lower point
To decrease in value or amount

alley

US / 'ælɪ /

•

UK / ˈæli /

noun
A narrow road or path between buildings

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

complication

US / ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:mplɪˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Action making something harder to do something

laundry

US / 'lɔ:ndrɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɔndri, ˈlɑn- /

noun
Business or room to wash bed sheets, clothes etc.
Clothes etc., that are to be washed, already washed

inform

US / ɪnˈfɔ:m /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɔ:rm /

verb
To give information or facts about something

Introduction to Video Content

In 1942, the British were in a dire situation during World War II in the Atlantic. The German U-boats were wreaking havoc on their navy, and they were running out of materials to replace their lost ships. They needed a solution to turn the tide of war, and that's when Project Habakkuk came into the picture. This venture aimed to build an aircraft carrier out of ice to combat the German submarines.Project Habakkuk gained the support of a Royal Family member, Winston Churchill himself. The goal was to create the HMS Habakkuk, a colossal ice aircraft carrier four times larger than Titanic and capable of carrying over 300 aircraft. The story of this incredible project unfolds as we delve into the details.Geoffrey Pike, working for the British government, was tasked with finding a solution to the danger faced by British ships in U-Boat Alley, an area in the Atlantic heavily infested with German submarines. Pike considered the scarcity of materials like steel and explored the possibility of using more readily available resources for ship construction. His innovative thinking led him to one of the most abundant resources on Earth - water.At that time, ice was believed to be virtually indestructible. The International Ice Patrol had reported the difficulty of destroying icebergs. This convinced Pike that ice could be the ideal material for a warship. However, Pike was not your typical inventor or strategist. He had a reputation for eccentricity and was often considered crazy by his peers.Pike's previous work included creating a screw-propelled vehicle to transport troops through snowy terrains and conducting a survey, disguised as casual conversations with German citizens, to gauge their opinions on Hitler through British spies. These endeavors demonstrated Pike's unconventional approach to problem-solving.With the concept of an ice aircraft carrier in mind, Pike and his team embarked on Project Habakkuk. The goal was audacious - to build a colossal warship out of ice that would never melt and could withstand the demanding conditions of the Atlantic Ocean. The project gained significant support, with even Winston Churchill recognizing its potential.The HMS Habakkuk would have been a technological marvel, dwarfing even the famous Titanic in size. Its capacity to carry over 300 aircraft would have given the British a significant advantage over the German submarines. However, constructing such a massive ice structure was no easy task.The team faced numerous challenges, including finding a way to reinforce the ice so it wouldn't crack under pressure, developing a refrigeration system to prevent melting, and creating a flexible runway that could withstand the movements of the carrier. They had to pioneer new techniques and technologies to make this outlandish project a reality.Although Project Habakkuk ultimately never materialized due to the limitations of existing technology and the war taking a different course, it remains a testament to the ambitious and creative thinking in the face of adversity. The story of the ice aircraft carrier that could have changed the course of World War II is a captivating tale of human ingenuity and determination.

Subtitles section

The British were not in a good place in 1942.

World War II in the Atlantic had been raging for years.

The German U-boats had been making easy work of their esteemed navy, and the materials needed to replace their lost ships were running low.

They needed a solution to help turn the tide of war.

Enter Project Habakkuk.

This venture would give them the secret weapon they needed to gain the upper hand on the German submarines.

All they had to do was build an aircraft carrier out of ice.

This project eventually gained the backing of a Royal Family member, Winston Churchill himself.

The HMS Habakkuk would be four times larger than the Titanic, and able to carry over 300 aircraft.

This is its incredible story.

So,

It's 1942, and Geoffrey Pike was working for the British government on a solution to the danger British ships faced in U-Boat Alley.

This stretch of the Atlantic Ocean was a hotbed for German submarines sinking Allied ships.

Pike took into account the shortage of materials needed to make warships, like steel, and considered the possibility of building ships out of more readily available resources.

His thinking led him to the most abundant resource on the planet.

Water.

At the time, ice was seen as indestructible.

The International Ice Patrol reported that blowing up icebergs was extremely difficult.

This convinced Pike that ice would be the perfect material for a warship.

Geoffrey Pike already had a bit of a reputation for being eccentric.

Some even going so far as to label him crazy.

His past work ranged from a screw-propelled vehicle to help transport troops through snowy terrains, to a survey administered by British spies to German citizens in the guise of casual conversation to gauge the German population's appraisal of Hitler.

Project Habakkuk did little to distance Pike from his peculiar reputation.

His original idea included cutting off a chunk of an iceberg, hollowing out the center, and flattening the top so that planes could take off and land.

This proposal did not make it past the drawing board.

First, the space a cargo jet or heavy bomber needs to take off and land 2,000 feet would make the iceberg chunk absolutely massive, making it hard for the team to find a feasible iceberg to use without shelling out large sums of money to tow one in from the ocean.

Second, the way an iceberg floats puts a majority of its mass below water.

I'm sure you've heard the term, the tip of the iceberg, before.

For an aircraft carrier to effectively field landing and departing planes, it has to be a certain height above water.

50 feet, to be exact.

On average, an iceberg has about 90% of its mass underwater.

Meeting that benchmark would mean having at least 500 feet of ice below the water, severely compromising its maneuvering capability.

Third, icebergs were simply unpredictable, known to flip over unexpectedly, making their feasibility as a ship precarious at best.

Thankfully, Pike's ideas were refined, and the team was able to plan to use blocks of ice to construct the ship instead.

Original plans for the HMS Habakkuk had walls measuring 40 feet thick to ensure resistance to torpedoes, and they were equipped with over 40 dual-barrel gun turrets and anti-aircraft guns.

The plans for HMS Habakkuk were drawn up and presented to the higher-ups for approval.

Lord Mountbatten, Chief of Combined Operations, had developed a bit of a liking for Pike based on his previous work.

He took Pike to meet Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister thinking he had found his secret weapon against the German U-boats, to prove the project.

But the British needed help from experts in cold, so they turned to their allies in Canada.

The British-Canadian team started the project at Lake Patricia in Alberta, Canada.

They chose this location for its proximity to a readily available source of labor, a conscientious objector's camp, although these men were told very little about the project's purpose.

After initial tests, Pike quickly realized that ice alone was too brittle for a warship.

Building an aircraft carrier the size of the proposed Habakkuk would, as Pike put it, cause the ship to sag under its own weight.

A combination of good timing and novel scientific thinking led Pike to develop a new substance to save his ship.

He came across a report by American scientists who had mixed water and wood pulp, then frozen it and made a stronger, ice-like material.

Pike took this finding and tweaked it to make the material even stronger.

His tests found that the optimal mixture was 14% sawdust and 86% water.

At this ratio, it proved to be resistant to chipping, compression, and bullets.

Further experiments showed that it was tougher than concrete and reached 14 times the strength of ice.

It also melted much more slowly than ice and had a greater buoyancy.

The team named it Pikerete after their leader.

A ship using Pikerete would need an extensive cooling system to maintain the optimal temperature.

However, Pike was pleased enough with his material to take it to his boss.

Lord Mountbatten, in turn, took the new material to Churchill for approval.

According to a story in Pike's biography attributed to Mountbatten, he arrived at the country home of Churchill and was told the Prime Minister was in the bath.

Mountbatten apparently barged into the bathroom and threw a block of Pikerete into the steaming tub.

The stunned Churchill stared at the floating block.

Once the outer layer of ice had melted, the wood pulp and ice mixture in the middle remained floating.

Churchill recommended Mountbatten take Pikerete to the Quebec Conference to show the rest of Allied leadership.

Lord Mountbatten decided to showcase the material's strength with another practical demonstration.

In the meeting that also included President Roosevelt and top Allied military officers, Mountbatten placed a block of pure ice and a block of Pikerete on a table.

He pulled out a gun and shot the ice block, which shattered.

He then turned the gun on the block of Pikerete and pulled the trigger.

The bullet ricocheted off, grazing the leg of Admiral King, the Commander-in-Chief of the US Naval Fleet.

It left only a small dent in the Pikerete.

Despite an angered American admiral, the Allied leadership approved its use.

The prototype took the shape of a shoebox.

The body of the ship was constructed from blocks of Pikerete interlaced throughout the ship with a frame of refrigeration piping.

Whereas the final iteration of HMS Habakkuk would measure nearly 4,000 feet or 1,200 meters long and 600 feet or 180 meters wide and would displace 2.2 million tons of water, the prototype was only 60 feet 18 meters long and 30 feet 9 meters wide and weighed 1,000 tons.

Once it was complete, it was time for the prototype's maiden voyage.

Pike's team launched the boat and tested the vessel's readiness for war.

By the end of the test, it survived numerous munition rounds and explosive tests.

The success of the prototype pleased Churchill and spurred him to order the construction of the full-scale ship.

However, the project soon encountered rough waters.

Soon after starting construction, Pike and his team realized that they would be limited by the scarcity of essential materials their project was meant to avoid.

The massive size of the ship meant the ice blocks needed support from a steel frame in addition to the refrigeration piping, and making enough Pikerete blocks would require huge amounts of wood.

Steel and wood were already in short supply, making it incredibly difficult to obtain the vast amounts needed.

In fact, when the calculations were done, the Habakkuk ended up needing more steel than a conventional aircraft carrier.

Concerns also arose regarding the ship's size and maneuverability.

It was feared that the HMS Habakkuk would be too cumbersome to navigate through the treacherous waters of the North Atlantic, outweighing the potential benefits offered by the ship's sheer size and the Pikerete's strength.

As the war progressed, the Allies found alternative strategies to counter German U-boats.

Around the same time, the British cracked the Enigma Code and Portugal approved Allied air bases on their coast.

These developments made air patrols more feasible and accurate in countering enemy submarines.

This changed the perception of a massive ice ship like Habakkuk from one of urgent need to an interesting endeavor.

The ultimate downfall of the project was the cumulative investment it required, both financial and human.

The ship's cost had tripled, to over 2.5 million pounds, or the equivalent of 150 million pounds today.

As the Pacific theatre of war gained prominence, American focus shifted towards allocating resources and manpower to combat the Japanese instead.

Without American support, the British-Canadian team did not have the resources to carry out their ambitious plans.

To top things off, as this laundry list of complications came to light, Lord Mountbatten, Pike's original cheerleader, became unenthused about the project's potential and eventually withdrew his support altogether.

In a meeting at the end of 1943, Allied leaders decided to abandon the project.

To the project's credit, though, the prototype stood strong through three hot Canadian summers before the Pikerete finally melted and the frame sank to the bottom of Lake Patricia.

One of the most remarkable legacies of Project Habakkuk is the invention of Pikerete.

Outside of Project Habakkuk, artists have been using it to create breathtaking ice sculptures, while engineers and artists have utilized Pikerete in ice domes and even boats, though on a much smaller scale.

In a testimony to Pikerete's legacy, the popular television show Mythbusters dedicated an entire episode to testing it, even building their own Pikerete boat.

The show confirmed the claims of Pikerete's exceptional strength and bullet-resistant properties.

While they deemed the concept of a fully-functioning Pikerete ship plausible but ludicrous, the episode showcased the astonishing possibilities of Pikerete.

As for Geoffrey Pike, the visionary behind the project, his grand design and continued after the project's end, he pursued numerous ambitious ideas, including an extensive tube system attached to a troop carrier ship meant to help soldiers land more safely on Japanese-held islands.

However, many of Pike's post-war ventures, including the troop tube, remained only concepts.

On February 21, 1948, at the age of 54, Pike was found dead by his landlady, having swallowed an entire bottle of sleeping pills.

When his body was found, he was lying on top of papers he'd been writing on.

Some speculate that Pike was delving into a topic that even the great Albert Einstein had yet to ponder — a mathematical formula concerning the space-time continuum.

Today, the site of the remains of HMS Habakkuk in Lake Patricia stands as a destination for intrepid divers.

The location has a commemorative plaque that informs those who reach its depths only that the wreckage was a secret World War II project involving the use of ice in ship construction.

Project Habakkuk's mark on history remains a testament to human ingenuity and the lengths that will go to to win a war.