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The masterplan to fix 'embarrassed' Haas F1 post-Steiner

Original YouTube Video | WeAreTheRace Published on 2024-01-19 Level：82 Speed：81 maxwordlevel：26

#Motorsports

Video vocabulary

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

simone

US / sɪˈmoʊn /

•

UK / /

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

lend

US / lend /

•

UK / lɛnd /

verb
To let someone borrow something for a while
To give help or support to someone in need

sponsorship

US / ˈspɒnsəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsərʃɪp /

noun
Money given to a student to pay for education

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

resist

US / rɪ'zɪst /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪst /

verb
To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
To fight or prevent something from happening
To refuse to accept something new or different
To stop yourself from doing, e.g. eating something

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

friendship

US / ˈfrendʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈfrɛndˌʃɪp /

noun
Feeling of liking someone; good relationship

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

overhaul

US / 'əʊvəhɔ:l /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈhɔl,ˈovɚˌhɔl /

verb
To repair and fix something

perennial

US / pəˈreniəl /

•

UK / pəˈrɛniəl /

adjecitve
(Of a plant) living more than just one year
noun
Plant that lives for more than one year
Lasting for a long time

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

finish

US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

noun
End of something; completion
Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
verb
To use or consume all of something
To reach the end; to complete something
To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

desire

US / dɪ'zaɪə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪr /

noun
Thing that is wished for or wanted
verb
To wish for, hope or want something

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

netflix

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

devote

US / dɪˈvəʊt /

•

UK / dɪˈvoʊt /

verb
To dedicate
To decide to use or give (your time, efforts)

interested

US / ˈɪntrəstɪd /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd /

adjecitve
Having had your attention taken; curious
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

necessary

US / 'nesəsərɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

adjecitve
Needed or required; unavoidable

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

principal

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

adjecitve
Being the main or most important
noun
Leading person in a group of musicians or dancers
Head teacher of a school
Original amount of money borrowed

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

fifth

US / fɪfθ /

•

UK / fɪfθ /

noun
5th

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

limitation

US / ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɪmɪˈteʃən /

noun
Act of controlling or reducing the size of

formula

US / 'fɔ:mjələ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrmjələ /

noun
A mathematical or scientific rule
Plan, rule or method for doing or making something

frustration

US / frʌ'streɪʃn /

•

UK / frʌˈstreʃən /

noun
Annoyance because things don't go the way you want

alongside

US / əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd /

•

UK / əˌlɔ:ŋˈsaɪd /

preposition
Side by side with something

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

paltry

US / 'pɔ:ltrɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɔltri /

adjecitve
Not worth considering; worthless or insignificant

infer

US / ɪn'fɜ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈfɚ /

verb
To reach a conclusion from the evidence
To imply; suggest something indirectly

internal

US / inˈtə:nəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

adjecitve
Being or happening in the body
Being, happening in a country, state, organization
Within or inside; interior; not external

fulcrum

US / ˈfʊlkrəm /

•

UK / ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl- /

noun
Pivot about which a lever turns

hat

US / hæt /

•

UK / hæt /

noun
Item of clothing worn on your head

boss

US / bɒs /

•

UK / bɔs, bɑs /

noun
Person in charge of you at work
verb
To give orders to someone in an unpleasant way

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

weakness

US / ˈwi:knəs /

•

UK / ˈwiknɪs /

noun
Fault or bad quality preventing success
Liking for something that you are a bit ashamed of

willing

US / 'wɪlɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈwɪlɪŋ /

adjecitve
Act of making a choice
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

repeat

US / rɪˈpi:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpit /

noun
Action that is done again
Musical passage that is to be played again
Radio or television program that was shown before
verb
To do something over again
To say something you have learned and memorized
To relate something you have been told by another
To say something again

hopeful

US / 'həʊpfl /

•

UK / 'hoʊpfl /

adjecitve
Having or showing hope

mini

US / 'mɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪni /

noun
Small British car
A very short skirt
prefix
Small

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

tyre

US / 'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / taɪr /

noun
Rubber rings around wheels on cars and trucks

promotional

US / prəˈməʊʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈmoʊʃənl /

adjecitve
Used in advertising

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

twelve

US / twelv /

•

UK / twɛlv /

number
12

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

departure

US / dɪˈpɑ:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑrtʃɚ /

noun
Act of leaving a place, to start a journey
Starting something new or doing it in a new way

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

agenda

US / ə'dʒendə /

•

UK / əˈdʒɛndə /

noun
Plan or policy to achieve your goal or intentions
Outcome you want to happen but do not reveal
List of matters to be discussed at a meeting

trio

US / ˈtri:əʊ /

•

UK / ˈtri:oʊ /

noun
Three of something, e.g. musicians

unlikely

US / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

•

UK / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

adjecitve
Not seeming suitable for a particular purpose
adverb
Not likely to happen; not likely to be the truth

marketing

US / ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪtɪŋ /

noun
The act of selling services or goods
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

eleven

US / ɪˈlevn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvən /

number
11

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

conscious

US / ˈkɒnʃəs /

•

UK / ˈkɑnʃəs /

adjecitve
Aware of what is going on around you

transition

US / trænˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / trænˈzɪʃən, -ˈsɪʃ- /

noun
Change from one state, movement, place to another
verb
To change state, movement, place, or subject

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

scratch

US / skrætʃ /

•

UK / skrætʃ /

noun
Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
A small cut or mark on a surface
verb
To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
To make a small cut or mark on a surface

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

andrea

US / p'lɑ:nts /

•

UK / p'lɑ:nts /

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

sad

US / sæd /

•

UK / sæd /

adjecitve
Unhappy; wishing something hadn't happened

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

honest

US / ˈɒnɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪst /

adjecitve
Good, truthful, sincere, or faithful; trustworthy

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

exposure

US / ɪk'spəʊʒə(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈspoʒɚ /

noun
Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
Being talked about in the media
Act of making something that is secret known
Experience of something directly

swear

US / sweə(r) /

•

UK / swɛr /

verb
To say bad or impolite words to someone
To make a serious promise to do something

senior

US / 'si:nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsinjɚ /

adjecitve
Being older than another person
Concerning the needs or activities of older people
(Student) in the final year of school
noun
Person who has usually reached a specific old age
Person who is older than someone else
Person with higher status or authority than
Student who is in the final year of school

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

freedom

US / 'fri:dəm /

•

UK / ˈfridəm /

noun
State of being free, not being controlled

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

badly

US / ˈbædli /

•

UK / ˈbædli /

adverb
Not in a good way; not as wanted or liked
To a severe degree; very much
In an unkind or unfavorable manner

formerly

US / ˈfɔ:məli: /

•

UK / ˈfɔrməli /

adverb
In a past time; at a time before now

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

vineyard

US / 'vɪnjəd /

•

UK / ˈvɪnjəd /

noun
Farm where grapes for wine are produced

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

stress

US / stres /

•

UK / strɛs /

noun
Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
Pressure on something or someone
A state of mental tension, worry due to problems
verb
To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
To put pressure on something or someone
To say your opinion strongly
To be in a state of mental tension due to problems

strength

US / streŋθ /

•

UK / strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ /

noun
Condition of being strong

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

maximize

US / ˈmæksɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈmæksəˌmaɪz /

verb
To make as large or great as possible

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

inherent

US / ɪnˈhɪərənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈhɪrənt /

adjecitve
Existing as an essential part of

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

budget

US / 'bʌdʒɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʌdʒɪt /

adjecitve
Low cost; inexpensive
noun
Amount of money planned to be spent
verb
To make a plan for how to spend your money

aspect

US / 'æspekt /

•

UK / ˈæspɛkt /

noun
Way something looks or seems to be
An element, feature, or quality of something

aerodynamic

US / ˌeərəʊdaɪ'næmɪk /

•

UK / ˌeəroʊdaɪ'næmɪk /

adjecitve
Efficiently designed to move through the air

trend

US / trend /

•

UK / trɛnd /

noun
Current style or fashion
Direction things are moving in; current style
General direction that is taken
verb
To be current and popular
To move up or down

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

italy

US / 'ɪtəlɪ /

•

UK / 'ɪtəlɪ /

proper noun
A country in southern Europe; population 59,800,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Rome; official langua

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

necessity

US / nəˈsesəti /

•

UK / nəˈsɛsɪti /

noun
Something that you must have or do

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

heighten

US / 'haɪtn /

•

UK / ˈhaɪtn /

verb
To increase the degree or intensity of something

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

commercial

US / kəˈmə:ʃəl /

•

UK / kəˈmɚʃəl /

adjecitve
noun
Radio or television advertisement

accept

US / ək'sept /

•

UK / ækˈsɛpt /

verb
To agree to receive or take something offered
To admit that something is true or correct

transparent

US / trænsˈpærənt /

•

UK / trænsˈpærənt /

adjecitve
Being open to see and to public criticism
Able to be seen through
Being simple and easily understood

therefore

US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

adverb
And so; for that reason

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

objective

US / əbˈdʒektɪv /

•

UK / əbˈdʒɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Being real, rather than simply being an idea
noun
Something you decide you want to do; goal

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

operation

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Business or company, or its activities
Functioning; use
Medical procedure involving surgery

score

US / skɔ:(r) /

•

UK / skɔr, skor /

noun
A sharp mark or cut in the surface of something
Current number of points given in a game, contest
The written notes and parts of a piece of music
An achievement of success
Number of points on a test
verb
To mark or cut something with a sharp object
To get or give points in a game, contest, or test
To achieve success with something
To get points in a test

predecessor

US / ˈpri:dɪsesə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛdɪˌsɛsɚ, ˈpridɪ- /

noun
Something that comes before another in a series
Previous person who held a position, job etc.

albeit

US / ˌɔ:lˈbi:ɪt /

•

UK / ɔlˈbiɪt, æl- /

conjunction
Way to say 'even though' or 'although'

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

steiner

US / ˈstaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈstaɪnər /

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

rester

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A person who rests

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

rival

US / 'raɪvl /

•

UK / 'raɪvl /

verb
To be nearly as good as others in quality, skill
To be in opposition often as competitors
adjecitve
Matching the quality, skill, et. of others
Opposing; being the team you compete against
noun
Someone you are competing against/trying to beat

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

mainly

US / ˈmeɪnli /

•

UK / ˈmenli /

adverb
Mostly; usually; being the largest part

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

understandably

US / ˌʌndəˈstændəbli /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstændəblɪ /

adverb
In a way that makes sense; justifiably

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

embarrassed

US / ɪmˈbærəst /

•

UK / ɪmˈbærəst /

adjecitve
Ashamed
verb
To cause someone to feel ashamed

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

hint

US / hɪnt /

•

UK / hɪnt /

noun
Helpful piece of information
Tiny quantity or sign of something
verb
To suggest without being direct about it

technical

US / ˈteknɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkəl /

adjecitve
Complex; difficult to understand
Of practical use of machine/science in industry

maranello

US / /

•

UK / /

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

firmly

US / ˈfɜ:mli /

•

UK / ˈfə:mlɪ /

adverb
In a hard, steady, unchanging way

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

tire

US / ˈtaɪə(r) /

•

UK / taɪr /

noun
Black rubber part of wheels on a vehicle
The rubber rings around wheels on cars and trucks
verb
To lose, cause to lose energy so you want to rest

instrumental

US / ˌɪnstrəˈmentl /

•

UK / ˌɪnstrəˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Having a strong influence to get a desired result
Including musical instruments without singing

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

majority

US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

noun
Amount that is more than half of a group

office

US / ˈɒfɪs /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

noun
Room or building used for business
Important job position, often in a government

silverstone

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A motor-racing circuit near Towcester in Northamptonshire.

permanently

US / 'pɜ:mənəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈpəmənəntlɪ /

adverb
For a long time; always

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

legitimate

US / lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət /

•

UK / ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt /

adjecitve
Being born to legally married parents
Being reasonable and sound
verb
To make acceptable and sound

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

trackside

US / ˈtræksaɪd /

•

UK / ˈtrækˌsaɪd /

noun
The area near a track, especially a racetrack

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

february

US / ˈfebruəri /

•

UK / ˈfebrueri /

noun
2nd month of the year

confess

US / kən'fes /

•

UK / kənˈfɛs /

verb
To admit that you did something wrong

counterproductive

US / ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv /

•

UK / ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv /

adjecitve
Tending to hinder the achievement of a goal

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

emphasize

US / 'emfəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz /

verb
To stress the items that are important

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

bog

US / bɒg /

•

UK / bɔ:g /

noun
Area of wet spongy ground
verb
To get stuck, slowed down or become delayed

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

relevant

US / ˈreləvənt /

•

UK / ˈrɛləvənt /

adjecitve
Having an effect on an issue; related or current

particular

US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /

adjecitve
One specific (one)
Having firm ideas about what is desirable
Being special or more than is typical

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

haul

US / hɔ:l /

•

UK / hɔl /

verb
To pull or drag something heavy (e.g. boat)

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

behalf

US / bɪˈhɑːf /

•

UK / bɪˈhæf /

carolina

US / ˌkærə'laɪnə /

•

UK / ˌkærə'laɪnə /

noun
Area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

goodbye

US / ˌɡʊd'baɪ /

•

UK / ˌɡʊd'baɪ /

noun
Something you say when you leave someone

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

disastrous

US / dɪˈzɑ:strəs /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstrəs /

adjecitve
Having very unfortunate or terrible consequences

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

poor

US / pʊə(r) /

•

UK / pʊr /

adjecitve
Inferior; below the normal standard
Deserving of pity or sympathy
Without money; not rich

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

significantly

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is important or noticeable
In a way that is meaningful

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

ninth

US / naɪnθ /

•

UK / naɪnθ /

noun
9th

caricature

US / ˈkærɪkətʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkærɪkətʃər /

noun
Exaggerated representation of someone else
verb
To make an exaggerated representation of someone

dozen

US / ˈdʌzn /

•

UK / ˈdʌzən /

noun
12 people or things

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

plenty

US / 'plentɪ /

•

UK / ˈplɛnti /

pronoun
When there is not too little of something; a lot

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

sensation

US / sen'seɪʃn /

•

UK / sɛnˈseʃən /

noun
(Person) attracting the interest of many people
Mental feeling caused by a previous experience
A feeling experienced by the body e.g. touch

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

bahrain

US / bɑ:ˈreɪn /

•

UK / bɑˈren /

other
An island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive
An island in the Persian Gulf

visit

US / ˈvɪzɪt /

•

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

noun
Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
verb
To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

tow

US / təʊ /

•

UK / to /

noun
Pulling another vehicle; being pulled thus
verb
To pull a vehicle with ropes using another vehicle

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

chew

US / tʃu: /

•

UK / tʃu: /

noun
Act of biting something many times
verb
To bite something many times without swallowing it

beneficial

US / ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl /

•

UK / ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Giving an advantage, having a helpful effect

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

renew

US / rɪ'nju: /

•

UK / rɪˈnu, -ˈnju /

verb
To make something stronger, fresher, or like new
To replace something old or worn by something new
To make something valid again for future period
To begin again after stopping, as with more energy

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

yield

US / ji:ld /

•

UK / jild /

noun
Amount of crops grown
Amount of profit you make
verb
To bend or break because of a strong force
To give way to someone or something else
To produce, usually in agriculture or business
To produce a certain amount of profit; result in
To total to a certain amount, as in a calculation

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

tenth

US / tenθ /

•

UK / tɛnθ /

noun
10th

upward

US / ˈʌpwəd /

•

UK / ˈʌpwərd /

adjecitve
Toward some higher point or position

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

integration

US / ˌɪntɪ'ɡreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪntɪˈɡreʃən /

noun
Act of bringing things together into a whole

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

healthy

US / ˈhelθi /

•

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
In good condition physically, or financially; well

lap

US / læp /

•

UK / læp /

noun
A gentle repeated motion against something
Area between the waist and knees when seated
Single trip around a track or swimming pool
verb
(Of water) to move in a gentle repeated motion
To drink with the tongue like a cat
To go one more lap further than another racer

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

chassis

US / ˈʃæsi /

•

UK / ˈʃæsi, ˈtʃæsi /

noun
Supporting frame of a structure, esp. a car

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

warn

US / wɔ:n /

•

UK / wɔrn /

verb
To tell someone about possible danger

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

shoe

US / ʃu: /

•

UK / ʃu /

noun
Outer covering for the foot, often made of leather
Piece of metal nailed under a horse's foot
verb
To put a metal ring on a horse's foot

surely

US / ˈʃʊəli /

•

UK / ˈʃʊrli /

adverb
With certainty; definitely

silence

US / 'saɪləns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪləns /

noun
State of being quiet and not talking for a time
When there is not sound or noise; complete quiet
Refusal to discuss or talk about an issue
verb
To stop the noise that something is making
To prevent someone from expressing thoughts

partnership

US / ˈpɑ:tnəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rtnərʃɪp /

noun
Shared business relationship with someone
Working with others for some purpose

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

director

US / də'rektə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ- /

noun
Senior person who manages part of an organization
Person who controls the acting in a movie or play

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

eleventh

US / ɪ'levnθ /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvənθ /

noun
11th

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

relieve

US / rɪ'li:v /

•

UK / rɪˈliv /

verb
To make less boring by making some change
To replace workers with others
To make a problem less difficult or serious
To reduce pain, stress or an unpleasant feeling

regulation

US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

noun
Act of controlling something with rules or orders
other

heavily

US / ˈhevɪli /

•

UK / hɛvəli /

adverb
In a slow, loud manner
A lot or to a great degree
With great effort or force

gene

US / dʒi:n /

•

UK / dʒin /

noun
Part of cell controlling development of a thing

disagreement

US / ˌdɪsəˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈɡrimənt /

noun
Act or state of not agreeing

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

alfa

US / ˈælfə /

•

UK / ˈælfə /

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

williams

US / ˈwɪljəmz /

•

UK / ˈwɪljəmz /

noun
A dessert pear of an early green variety.

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

softly

US / ˈsɔftlɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɔːftli /

adverb
In a gentle or quiet manner

inference

US / ˈɪnfərəns /

•

UK / ˈɪnfərəns /

noun
Conclusion reached after considering the evidence
Conclusion reached after considering facts
Suggestion being made, not said straight

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

landscape

US / 'lændskeɪp /

•

UK / ˈlændˌskep /

noun
Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
Picture of natural scenery in a place
View of a (beautiful) country area or scene
verb
To make gardens that improve an area of land

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

constructor

US / kənˈstrʌktə(r) /

•

UK / kən'strʌktə /

noun
Someone who builds things, like houses

doubly

US / ˈdʌbli /

•

UK / ˈdʌbli /

adverb
Twice as much (in effort or degree)

embed

US / ɪm'bed /

•

UK / ɛmˈbɛd /

verb
To place or set inside rock, etc.

principle

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

noun
Moral rule or belief governing a person's behavior
Natural law that explains how things work

replacement

US / rɪˈpleɪsmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈplesmənt /

noun
Getting a new object to use instead of an old one

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

contender

US / kənˈtendə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈtɛndɚ /

noun
Athlete or team competing (and likely) to win

appoint

US / ə'pɔɪnt /

•

UK / əˈpɔɪnt /

verb
To officially choose a person for a job, position

appointment

US / əˈpɔɪntmənt /

•

UK / əˈpɔɪntmənt /

noun
Job, position or duty that is offered to a person
Time you arranged to meet someone or do something

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

debut

US / 'deɪbju: /

•

UK / deˈbju, ˈdeˌbju /

noun
First performance, appearance, e.g. of opera star

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

management

US / 'mænɪdʒmənt /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒmənt /

noun
People who are in control of a business or group
The process of running an organization

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

clearly

US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

communication

US / kəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Talking to people; giving information to people

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

rapid

US / ˈræpɪd /

•

UK / ˈræpɪd /

adjecitve
Moving or happening very quickly
noun
Rough and fast-moving part of a river

wednesday

US / ˈwenzdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈwenzdeɪ /

noun
Third day of the week; the day after Tuesday

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

grid

US / ɡrɪd /

•

UK / ɡrɪd /

noun
Electrical network supplying electricity to area
Metal structure with bars used to cover a hole
Pattern made up of lines and small squares

officer

US / ˈɒfɪsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪsə(r) /

noun
Person of high position in an organization
Person of high position in the military

reasonably

US / ˈri:znəbli /

•

UK / ˈrizn:əblɪ /

adverb
To a reasonable degree; not too much
In a fair and just manner

operational

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being in working condition and ready to be used
Working; able to function

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

contractually

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Through the effect of a contract

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

skillset

US / /

•

UK / /

stake

US / steɪk /

•

UK / stek /

noun
Share/interest in the success of a business, etc.
Money bet in a game that can be won or lost
The share you have in a company
Post stuck in the ground you can tie things to
verb
To bet or wager on an outcome
To risk something important by taking a risk

personnel

US / ˌpɜ:səˈnel /

•

UK / ˌpɜ:rsəˈnel /

noun
Group of people who work for a company or group

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

crucial

US / 'kru:ʃl /

•

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely important or necessary

headquarter

US / 'hed'kwɔ:tə /

•

UK / 'hed'kwɔ:tə /

noun
Main office of a company or organisation

self

US / self /

•

UK / sɛlf /

noun
Person's own interests or desires
Person that someone really is
Particular aspect of someone's personality
Person, usually someone already been mentioned

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

boot

US / bu:t /

•

UK / but /

noun
Footwear covering your foot and part of your leg
verb
To kick something, e.g. ball into goal
To start the operating system on a computer

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

paddock

US / ˈpædək /

•

UK / ˈpædək /

noun
Place where horses are kept by their owner

prospect

US / 'prɒspekt /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌpɛkt /

noun
Opportunity or chance for success
Person who is considered for a particular position
verb
To search for minerals such as gold or diamonds

tap

US / tæp /

•

UK / tæp /

noun
Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
verb
To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
To spy one someone electronically
To hit something or someone lightly
To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

pre

US / ˈpriː /

•

UK / ˈpriː /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'before'
In preparation or in advance

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

identity

US / aɪ'dentətɪ /

•

UK / aɪˈdɛntɪti /

noun
Collection of qualities that makes a person

impression

US / ɪmˈpreʃn /

•

UK / ɪmˈprɛʃən /

noun
Effect or feeling resulting from an experience
Act of pressing into a material to make a pattern
Act of copying someone's speech or behavior

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

ongoing

US / ˈɒngəʊɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ngoʊɪŋ /

adjecitve
Continuing to exist or be in progress

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

communicate

US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

verb
To give and exchange information

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

infrastructure

US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

noun
Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

evolve

US / ɪ'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪˈvɑlv /

verb
To develop certain features
To develop or change slowly over time
To slowly change or develop into something better

financial

US / faɪˈnænʃl /

•

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

adjecitve
Involving money

industrial

US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

adjecitve
Concerning making things in factories

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

reshuffle

US / ˌri:ˈʃʌfl /

•

UK / riˈʃʌfəl /

verb
To change the makeup of (cabinet, etc.)

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

correct

US / kə'rekt /

•

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

adjecitve
Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
True or accurate
verb
To fix a problem
To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
To punish in order to improve

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

vast

US / vɑ:st /

•

UK / væst /

adjecitve
Being very large in size or amount

eighth

US / eɪtθ /

•

UK / etθ, eθ /

noun
8th

emulate

US / ˈemjuleɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛmjəˌlet /

verb
To try to be like; copy; imitate

improvement

US / ɪmˈpru:vmənt /

•

UK / ɪmˈpruvmənt /

noun
Addition or change that makes something better

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

directness

US / dəˈrektnəs /

•

UK / dəˈrektnəs /

noun
Straight course toward a goal or destination

discussion

US / dɪˈskʌʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌʃən /

noun
Any long communication about a particular topic

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

designer

US / dɪˈzaɪnə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪnə /

adjecitve
Describing something that has been designed
noun
Someone who creates plans to make something

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

promise

US / 'prɒmɪs /

•

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

verb
To say you will certainly do something

split

US / splɪt /

•

UK / splɪt /

adjecitve
No longer married or in a relationship
(Injured) by cutting it open, as in someone's lip
(Of a decision) when people cannot decide a winner
noun
Difference of opinion in a group causing a break
Separation or a break in something
verb
To become divided or broken along a straight line
To cause a cut in (lip, etc.)
To have difference of opinion in a group
To separate into two or more pieces
To divide something in an even or fair way

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

commercially

US / kə'mɜ:ʃəlɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmə:ʃəlɪ /

adverb
In a business-like manner

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

impose

US / ɪmˈpəʊz /

•

UK / ɪmˈpoʊz /

verb
To make someone to do or endure something

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

align

US / əˈlaɪn /

•

UK / əˈlaɪn /

verb
To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

drag

US / dræɡ /

•

UK / dræɡ /

noun
Force of air pushing back against a plane car etc.
Boring or annoying thing/activity
verb
To reluctantly move or go somewhere
To feel that progress or time is moving slowly
To pull something heavy or difficult along the ground

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

pantomime

US / 'pæntəmaɪm /

•

UK / ˈpæntəˌmaɪm /

noun
(Comical) performance of a traditional story

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

handover

US / ˈhændəʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhændoʊvər /

noun
Act of giving up possession or authority over

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

factory

US / ˈfæktri /

•

UK / ˈfæktəri /

noun
Building where things are made

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

primarily

US / praɪˈmerəli /

•

UK / praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr- /

adverb
In the most basic or important way

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

terrible

US / ˈterəbl /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

fundamentally

US / ˌfʌndəˈmentəli /

•

UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl:ɪ /

adverb
In a basic and important way

master

US / 'mɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæstɚ /

adjecitve
Being very skilled at doing something
Being the main or most important thing or part
noun
Someone who is very skilled at doing something
Holding a higher degree from a university
Male teacher
Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog
verb
To gain control over something
To learn to do something very well

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

refuse

US / rɪ'fju:z /

•

UK / ˈrefjus /

noun
Garbage, waste
verb
To not accept, allow, or give something

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

hub

US / hʌb /

•

UK / hʌb /

noun
Center of action or interest
Central part of a wheel

degradation

US / ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛɡrəˈdeʃən /

noun
Reduction in quality or character
Act of treating someone without respect

ferrari

US / fəˈrɒsəti /

•

UK / fəˈrɑsɪti /

Introduction to Video Content

New Haas team principal Ayo Komatsu has a monumental task ahead of him as he takes over from the larger than life predecessor Gunter Steiner and aims to lift Haas off the bottom of the Constructors' Championship. Komatsu, who only found out about his new role at the end of last year, is focused on creating an environment and framework that allows the team to showcase their best. In outlining his master plan, he makes it clear that he is not trying to emulate Steiner, as he brings his own unique style of leadership to the team. While he acknowledges the positive aspects of Steiner's tenure, there are indications of differing opinions on how things should be done. Despite their friendship, Komatsu reveals that he has not spoken to Steiner since the decision was made, and there is no formal transition or handover period. However, he expresses sadness about how Steiner's time with the team ended. Komatsu highlights the importance of pulling the team together, particularly as they are spread across three different locations. This implies that Steiner, who is primarily based in the US, may not have been as present in the European facilities where much of the design and engineering work takes place.

Subtitles section

New Haas team principal Ayo Komatsu has a huge task on his hands.

Not only must he fill the shoes of larger than life predecessor Gunter Steiner, but he must also haul Haas off the bottom of the Constructors' Championship.

And fast.

Komatsu only found out he was taking over as team boss when owner Gene Haas gave him the good news at the end of last year.

He says his priority is to give his team the environment and framework so they can show their best.

He's revealed the first details of his master plan for achieving that, and first on the agenda,

is to stress that he is absolutely not trying to be Gunter Steiner.

Komatsu is a very different character to Steiner, so he will offer a different kind of leadership for Haas.

Softly spoken, albeit with a self confessed capacity for swearing that could match the caricature of Steiner, he speaks highly of Haas's first team principle.

However, there are hints of disagreements in how Komatsu wants to do things, and how Steiner did them.

While he emphasises their friendship, calling him a good person, Komatsu also admits that he hasn't spoken to Steiner since the decision, and that there's no formal transition period or handover.

But he says he is sad about how Steiner's time with the team ended.

Komatsu stresses that he shares Steiner's directness and that his desire is to pull the team together.

That's particularly important for a team that is spread across three bases, Banbury, its Maranello design hub, and the Kannapolis headquarters in North Carolina.

The inference we can perhaps draw from this is a feeling that Steiner, who is primarily US based, maybe didn't spend as much time in the European facilities where the vast majority of the design, engineering and operational heavy lifting is done as some would have liked.

Komatsu talks of focusing on making improvements, but doing so by being reasonably direct, transparent and honest.

But don't expect him to emulate Steiner and become a Netflix drive to survive sensation.

Steiner saw the value in that, because it gave the team an identity and greater sponsor appeal.

But he also had the kind of character that lends itself to the more pantomime elements of F One, doing so out of a sense of necessity.

While Komatsu will co operate with Netflix, as all teams are contractually bound to do, it's unlikely he'll be visiting ex Ferrari team principal Mattia Bonotto's vineyard with cameras in tow any time soon.

Looking for exposure to promote the team, he argues, is somebody else's job.

Steiner's old role has effectively been split in two.

While Komatsu is team principal, Haas will appoint a UK based chief operating officer who will handle certain aspects of the team leadership.

Gene Haas talks of Komatsu's appointment meaning that we fundamentally have engineering at the heart of our management.

Komatsu is determined to play to those strengths and focus on maximising the technical side of the team, rather than getting bogged down in other aspects of the job.

As he puts it, his skillset is not in marketing and sponsorship, so that falls to the COO, while Komatsu can focus on trying to improve the technical side.

The appointment of the COO doesn't appear to be imminent, but it will be a vital role.

While Komatsu won't be able to avoid getting drawn into commercial, marketing and in particular PR concerns, it would be counterproductive for Haas were that to take up too much of his time.

An internal appointment seems unlikely, and with Komatsu suggesting that playing F One politics on Haas's behalf will be split between him and the new COO, the key question is whether it will be someone who knows the landscape of the paddock, or someone brought in from another sphere.

Top of the priority list for Komatsu is improving the communication within Haas F One.

He stresses this to the point where it's difficult not to infer that he sees this as a weakness under Steiner's influence.

But Komatsu is careful not to say that directly.

F One teams today are mini industrial complexes made up of hundreds of people and dozens of departments.

This is a common challenge, but it's heightened for Haas given its geographical set up.

Komatsu is firmly embedded in the UK side of the operation, having worked as the senior trackside engineer since joining the team ahead of its of its debut.

The fulcrum of this is the way the operational base in Banbury and the trackside team communicate with the Maranello design office.

On Wednesday, Komatsu was in Maranello for discussions with senior personnel there, ensuring he is seen as the boss across both facilities rather than someone politically aligned with the UK side could make or break his leadership.

For any team, the way the trackside team and the design side at the factory work is crucial and can so easily become wracked with politics, which is a particular risk for Haas.

Komatsu believes this was one of the key reasons why car development was poor in the year.

It's not that Komatsu doesn't accept disagreements, which he describes as healthy, but he wants everyone to understand why decisions are being made, and the objectives, as well as ensuring different departments are pulling in the same direction.

The technical leadership both at Banbury and Marinello will change, although Komatsu understandably refuses to offer details of exactly how until he has completed his discussions with team personnel.

A reshuffle in trackside operations is likely necessary, with a senior trackside engineer needed to take his place.

This seems particularly important, as while Komatsu will be focused on the technical side of the operation, he cannot continue to do his old job.

It's likely this will be facilitated with a reshuffle of existing personnel.

What happens at Marinello is a bigger question.

The departure of technical director Simone Rester means a replacement must be appointed, with chief designer Andrea Di Zordo understood to be the leading contender.

This is Komatsu's biggest and most immediate challenge, and he's conscious of the risk of coming at it with a perspective too closely aligned with the UK side.

But he sees the technical partnership with Ferrari as a strength for the team, and not something he needs to devote much attention to in the short term.

While there are clearly limitations to Haas and legitimate concerns that the lack of investment compared to its nearest rivals means its potential is limited, Komatsu does not believe Haas has ever maximised what it has available to it.

Haas finished fifth in the Constructors' Championship in the year.

However, outside of that year, Haas has always finished eighth, ninth or tenth in the standings, and it's been last in two of the last three seasons.

Komatsu argues there is plenty the team can do to improve its recent performance within its current set up and budget.

Hitting that ceiling is therefore what needs to happen before he will be concerned with needing bigger changes to be made.

Gene Haas doesn't give the impression of being interested in making extra financial resources available, but he has suggested that should his team maximise what he sees as its potential, he might be willing to.

Whether that could ever lead to an overhaul of the current model with its Ferrari technical partnership, a trio of bases, and ongoing use of Dallara is another question.

Komatsu admits that if the team was being set up from scratch today, then it wouldn't have two separate technical bases in the UK and Italy.

However, he says that was very beneficial in getting the team off the ground in the first place.

It surely raises a concern that Haas's natural rivals, stake as it evolves into Audi's works team, the team formerly known as Alfa Tauri and Williams, are investing heavily at the same time.

Williams owner Doralton Capital started spending money on the team as soon as it bought it in the year before its results improved.

If Haas must fulfil its current potential before there is any chance of the investment taps being turned on, it risks falling permanently behind.

In the short term, Komatsu's priority is to avoid a repeat of last year's disastrous season.

Despite a car that was rapid enough over a single lap and reached Q three eleven times, the tyre degradation was terrible thanks to aerodynamic troubles and meant it scored a paltry twelve points.

As Gene Haas puts it, I'm embarrassed that we haven't been able to do better.

The new car will run for the first time at Silverstone on February the eleventh in a two hundred kilometre promotional event, with a second day of running taking place two days before the start of pre season testing in Bahrain.

But expectations are being kept in check.

Komatsu is hopeful that there will be signs of improvement in the way the team is working as the campaign progresses.

While that might mean it still finishes last, the key is that there is an upward trend.

What's clear is that improvements are expected, and there's no freedom to write off the next two seasons and prepare for the year when the power unit and chassis regulations change significantly.

Komatsu explains that Haas wants to get off the back of the grid as soon as possible, because it's embarrassing to be doing so badly.

Komatsu faces a huge challenge if he's to make HAT into a team that's more than a perennial contender for last place with its current resources.

He's correct that gains can be made as last year fell short of fulfilling its potential, mainly because of its tire chewing troubles, but it's a huge ask for a first time team boss.

That's doubly true given so much will depend on the COO he will work alongside being able to ensure the team remains in good shape commercially.

However, given the limitations imposed by Gene Haas, Komatsu is looking in the right areas that could yield improvements in terms of better integration of the team.

But there's still a big question about whether the limitations inherent in the team and the current investment level means he will be expected to perform the impossible in dragging Haas up the grid.

And the pressure could build very quickly given the low expectations for the start of the season car, and therefore the chance for immediate results is not high.

What's more, Steiner has a warning for him.

Steiner has also broken his silence on the changes at Haas, speaking at Autosport International recently.

He revealed he'd not even had time to say goodbye to the team, he was instrumental in setting up, and raised his concerns about its prospects.

Disagreement with Gene Haas on whether investment is required to improve the team's infrastructure was at the heart of his contract.

not being renewed.

And Steiner said that the changes in Formula One since Haas was created a decade ago means that teams need to spend big to get stronger.

He argues that while the Haas model served the team well before, it is potentially not time relevant any more.

Steiner resisted sticking the boot into Haas, and potentially he will be relieved no longer to be stuck in a situation where he feels the team is not spending as it should to be relevant in F One.

The big question is whether Komatsu will find himself facing similar frustrations down the line, or if he really can deliver on his promises that the team can achieve far more than it currently is.