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Russian critics of Putin fight for freedom, democracy — even after going into exile

Original YouTube Video | 60minutes Published on 2024-03-18 Level：78 Speed：9 maxwordlevel：18

Video vocabulary

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

confront

US / kən'frʌnt /

•

UK / kənˈfrʌnt /

verb
To make someone, e.g. who has lied, face the truth
(Of problem) to face someone who must deal with it

propaganda

US / ˌprɒpə'ɡændə /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:pə'ɡændə /

noun
(Use of) message that you want people to accept

birth

US / bɜ:θ /

•

UK / bɜ:rθ /

noun
Time when a baby or young animal is born
Beginning of something
Social position based on the family you come from

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

kremlin

US / 'kremlɪn /

•

UK / 'kremlɪn /

other
Citadel of a Russian town
Citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

baby

US / ˈbeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈbeɪbi /

adjecitve
Small in size; smaller than usual
noun
A very young child, who cannot yet speak
verb
To treat someone as if they were newly born

independent

US / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
noun
A person not connected to a political party

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

kaliningrad

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A port on the Baltic coast of eastern Europe, capital of the Russian region of Kaliningrad; populati
A region of Russia, an enclave situated on the Baltic coast of eastern Europe; capital, Kaliningrad.

absolute

US / ˈæbsəlu:t /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlut /

adjecitve
Complete; total; pure; not limited in any way
noun
Something that is complete, total, pure, certain

criticize

US / ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz /

verb
To assess the work of others
To say that someone or something is bad

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

ukraine

US / ju:'kreɪn /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

other
A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

mob

US / mɒb /

•

UK / mɑb /

noun
A secret criminal organization
Large collection of people that share an interest
verb
To move close to (a star, etc.) in a large group

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

embody

US / ɪmˈbɒdi /

•

UK / ɪmˈbɑ:di /

verb
To make something into part of a body or system

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

prominent

US / ˈprɒmɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈprɑmənənt /

adjecitve
Being important or well known
Being easily noticeable
Sticking out beyond something

guilty

US / 'ɡɪltɪ /

•

UK / ˈɡɪlti /

adjecitve
Responsible for doing something wrong

probe

US / prəʊb /

•

UK / prob /

noun
A thorough or deep examination of a problem
Device used to send information from outer space
Long medical instrument to look inside your body
verb
To carefully examine an issue by asking questions
To examine the inside of something using a tool

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

prison

US / 'prɪzn /

•

UK / ˈprɪzən /

noun
Place the court puts criminals as punishment; jail

alexander

US / ˌælɪgˈzændə /

•

UK / ˌælɪɡˈzændɚ /

noun
European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cul

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

rival

US / 'raɪvl /

•

UK / 'raɪvl /

verb
To be nearly as good as others in quality, skill
To be in opposition often as competitors
adjecitve
Matching the quality, skill, et. of others
Opposing; being the team you compete against
noun
Someone you are competing against/trying to beat

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

remind

US / rɪ'maɪnd /

•

UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /

verb
To cause someone to remember what they forgot

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

iron

US / ˈaɪən /

•

UK / ˈaɪərn /

adjecitve
Being very tough, strong, and determined
noun
Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
Golf club with a metal head
Strong hard metal used to make steel
verb
To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

russian

US / ˈrʌʃn /

•

UK / ˈrʌʃn /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Russia
noun
Person from Russia

constitution

US / ˌkɔnstiˈtju:ʃən /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju- /

noun
Statement of fundamental principles of a country
Condition of your health
Different parts that make something

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

suspend

US / sə'spend /

•

UK / səˈspɛnd /

verb
To hang something or someone from something
To stop something for a period of time; interrupt

youtube

US / 'ju:tju:b /

•

UK / 'ju:tu:b /

transitive verb
Upload a video of (someone or something) to the video-sharing website YouTube.

prisoner

US / 'prɪznə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɪzənɚ, ˈprɪznɚ /

noun
Someone kept in a prison as punishment for a crime

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

absurd

US / əb'sɜ:d /

•

UK / əbˈsɚd, -ˈzɚd /

adjecitve
So foolish as to be difficult to believe

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

hammer

US / ˈhæmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhæmɚ /

noun
Part of a gun that causes a bullet to shoot out
Heavy metal tool for hitting a nail into wood
verb
To bring severe damage, harm, or blame upon
To defeat someone easily and totally
To hit at repeatedly causing a lot of noise
To use a hammer to hit into a particular shape
To hit nails into something with a hammer

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

nazi

US / ˈnɑ:tsi /

•

UK / ˈnɑtsi, ˈnæt- /

noun
Relating to or consistent with or typical of the ideology and practice of Nazism or the Nazis

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

phone

US / fəʊn /

•

UK / foʊn /

noun
Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
verb
To talk to someone using a telephone

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

judge

US / dʒʌdʒ /

•

UK / dʒʌdʒ /

noun
Person who decides on the results of a contest
Person who has the power to make a decision
verb
To reach a decision about who won a contest
To form an opinion after careful consideration
To make a decision in court

parent

US / 'peərənt /

•

UK / ˈpɛrənt, ˈpær- /

noun
Person's, animal's mother or father
Something creating other things of the same kind

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

battalion

US / bəˈtæliən /

•

UK / bəˈtæljən /

noun
Military unit of 300-800 soldiers

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

opposite

US / ˈɔpəzit /

•

UK / ˈɑpəzɪt /

adjecitve
Being totally different from
noun
Person, thing that is totally different to another
preposition
Across from or on the side facing something

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

accept

US / ək'sept /

•

UK / ækˈsɛpt /

verb
To agree to receive or take something offered
To admit that something is true or correct

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

citizen

US / 'sɪtɪzn /

•

UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /

noun
Person who belongs to and has rights in a country

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

won

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn, won /

verb
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

winner

US / 'wɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪnɚ /

noun
Person or thing that wins a contest or race
A hit; something successful

independence

US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəns /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns /

noun
Having the freedom to make your own decisions

curtain

US / 'kɜ:tn /

•

UK / ˈkɚtn /

noun
Piece of cloth used to cover a window

blend

US / blend /

•

UK / blɛnd /

noun
Product known for mixing ingredients
verb
To combine different elements or substances
To mix ingredients when cooking
To mix things in an effective or pleasing way

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

shelter

US / 'ʃeltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʃɛltɚ /

noun
Place to protect people/animals from abuse
Structure that covers or protects things
State of being protected from danger, bad weather
verb
To give animals, people a place away from abuse
To find protection from danger/bad weather

warn

US / wɔ:n /

•

UK / wɔrn /

verb
To tell someone about possible danger

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

silence

US / 'saɪləns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪləns /

noun
State of being quiet and not talking for a time
When there is not sound or noise; complete quiet
Refusal to discuss or talk about an issue
verb
To stop the noise that something is making
To prevent someone from expressing thoughts

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

visit

US / ˈvɪzɪt /

•

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

noun
Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
verb
To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

afraid

US / əˈfreɪd /

•

UK / əˈfred /

adjecitve
Worried that something bad will happen; scared

shock

US / ʃɒk /

•

UK / ʃɑ:k /

noun
The passage of an electricity through the body
Sudden bad feeling caused by something unexpected
verb
To affect someone with an electrical current
To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

newsroom

US / ˈnju:zru:m /

•

UK / ˈnu:zru:m /

noun
Part of a tv station where news is compiled

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

poster

US / 'pəʊstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpostɚ /

noun
A large, printed notice or picture
Someone who writes and shares messages on online

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

scare

US / skeə(r) /

•

UK / sker /

noun
Act of making some feel frightened
Something causing people to be afraid
verb
To become frightened
To make someone feel frightened or worried

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

listen

US / ˈlɪsn /

•

UK / ˈlɪsən /

verb
To carefully consider what someone is saying

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

ukrainian

US / ju:'kreɪnɪən /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪnɪrn /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Ukraine
noun
Person from Ukraine

severely

US / sə'vɪrlɪ /

•

UK / səˈvɪrlɪ /

adverb
Extremely bad or harsh

violence

US / ˈvaɪələns /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələns /

noun
Strong physical force of nature
Use of physical force to harm someone

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

unprovoked

US / ˌʌnprəˈvəʊkt /

•

UK / ˌʌnprəˈvokt /

adjecitve
Without cause; not caused deliberately

bed

US / bed /

•

UK / bɛd /

noun
Flat bottom surface of a lake, ocean etc.
A piece of furniture that people sleep on
An area on which other things are put
Area of ground to grow vegetables or flowers
verb
To have sex with someone
To plant, fix, or attach something firmly to

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

agent

US / 'eɪdʒənt /

•

UK / ˈedʒənt /

noun
Chemical with the power to make chemical reactions
Person who represents or decides for others
A spy; someone who spies on other countries

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

platform

US / 'plætfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

noun
Flat, raised structure that people stand on
Area from which you board a train at a station

lithuanian

US / ˌlɪθjʊ'eɪnɪən /

•

UK / ˌlɪθʊ'eɪnɪrn /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Lithuania

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

radio

US / ˈreɪdiəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪdioʊ /

adjecitve
Concerning the broadcasting of sound
noun
System of sending/receiving signals through air
Device to listen to broadcast programs, messages
verb
To broadcast a message to be heard by radio

testify

US / 'testɪfaɪ /

•

UK / 'testɪfaɪ /

verb
To tell what you know (in court)

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

fifth

US / fɪfθ /

•

UK / fɪfθ /

noun
5th

facebook

US / 'feɪsbʊk /

•

UK / 'feɪsbʊk /

intransitive verb
Spend time using the social media application Facebook.

color

US / 'kʌlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

noun
Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
verb
To change or affect someone's opinion
To make something colorful using colored pencils

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

battlefield

US / ˈbætlfi:ld /

•

UK / ˈbætlˌfild /

noun
Region where a battle was, or is being fought

camp

US / kæmp /

•

UK / kæmp /

noun
A (military) base
Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
Place where people live for a short time in tents
verb
To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

arrange

US / əˈreɪndʒ /

•

UK / əˈrendʒ /

verb
To write music for a particular instrument
To organize things or people in a particular way
To plan (an event) at a time and place
To organize events so they happen

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

internal

US / inˈtə:nəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

adjecitve
Being or happening in the body
Being, happening in a country, state, organization
Within or inside; interior; not external

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

vladimir

US / ˈvlædɪˌmɪə /

•

UK / ˈvlædəmɪr /

proper noun
A city in western Russia, east of Moscow; population 339,500 (est. 2008).

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

civilian

US / sə'vɪlɪən /

•

UK / sɪˈvɪljən /

noun
Ordinary person who is not in the army

wound

US / waʊnd /

•

UK / waʊnd /

noun
Sadness or displeasure caused by a bad memory
Physical injury, especially that suffered in war
verb
To rotate a part of say a watch to make it work
To hurt someone emotionally
To injure someone in a fight with a knife gun etc.

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

regime

US / reɪˈʒi:m /

•

UK / reˈʒim, rɪ- /

noun
A system of management; a form of government

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

putin

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
An act or the right of putting the ball into a scrum.

ally

US / 'ælaɪ /

•

UK / 'ælaɪ /

noun
Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
verb
To join a group to offer or receive support

hero

US / ˈhɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈhɪroʊ /

noun
Person of great courage/strength who saves others
Main male character in a book, play or story

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

fighter

US / ˈfaɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪtɚ /

noun
Something or someone that fights

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

aide

US / eɪd /

•

UK / ed /

noun
Person assisting a person of higher rank

stream

US / stri:m /

•

UK / strim /

noun
Classes split into ability levels
A small river
verb
To send a constant flow of data over the internet
To split classes or students into ability levels

special

US / 'speʃl /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəl /

adjecitve
Being additional or extra
Different, better or greater than normal
noun
Heavily discounted sales item

clothe

US / kləʊð /

•

UK / kloʊð /

verb
To put a certain type of clothing on someone; dress

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

seal

US / si:l /

•

UK / sil /

noun
Large fish-eating animal that lives on sea or land
Official mark made in hot wax to close a document
Piece of rubber used to keep water, dirt out
verb
To close tightly to protect it from leaking
To close an envelop or package
To cover a surface with a substance to protect it

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

newscast

US / ˈnju:zkɑ:st /

•

UK / ˈnu:zkæst /

noun
Broadcast of news or commentary on the news

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

imprison

US / ɪm'prɪzn /

•

UK / ɪmˈprɪzən /

verb
To put someone (e.g. a criminal) in prison

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

forgot

US / fə'ɡɒt /

•

UK / fɚˈɡɑt, fɔr- /

infamous

US / 'ɪnfəməs /

•

UK / ˈɪnfəməs /

adjecitve
Famous because of something bad

protest

US / 'prəʊtest /

•

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

noun
Forceful argument against something
Objection to something
verb
To argue against something in a forceful way
To express a strong objection or dislike

sergei

US / sɜːˈgeɪ /

•

UK / sərˈgeɪ /

prohibition

US / ˌprəʊɪ'bɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌproəˈbɪʃən /

noun
Law forbidding the sale of alcohol, etc.
Act of not allowing something

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

arrest

US / əˈrest /

•

UK / əˈrɛst /

noun
Act of catching people who committed crimes
verb
To attract someone's attention and hold interest
(Police) to catch and keep criminals
To stop or slow something that is happening

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

manta

US / ˈmæntə /

•

UK / ˈmæntə /

noun
Blanket that is used as a cloak or shawl

transit

US / ˈtrænzɪt /

•

UK / ˈtrænsɪt, -zɪt /

adjecitve
Concerning a transport system in a city
noun
System of transportation, often in a city
Process of changing planes at airports
verb
To change from one airplane to another at airports

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

opinion

US / əˈpɪnjən /

•

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

noun
Court judge's statement why a decision was made
A person's thoughts on a topic

climb

US / klaɪm /

•

UK / klaɪm /

noun
A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
verb
To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

tolerate

US / ˈtɒləreɪt /

•

UK / ˈtɑ:ləreɪt /

verb
To be able to adjust to changes of various kinds
To be able to survive under specific conditions
To let people do, say or believe what they wish
To be able to drink (e.g. alcohol) without effects

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

street

US / stri:t /

•

UK / strit /

noun
Road in a city with buildings and places to walk

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

nursing

US / ˈnɜ:sɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnɜ:rsɪŋ /

noun
Profession for taking care of sick people
verb
To care for and look after someone who is sick
To keep holding a grudge, hope etc. in your mind
To drink/allow (baby) to drink milk from breast

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

communicate

US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

verb
To give and exchange information

anastasia

US / ˌænəˈsteɪʒə /

•

UK / ænəˈsteɪʒə /

considerable

US / kənˈsɪdərəbl /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdərəbəl /

adjecitve
Large in size, amount, or effect

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

myself

US / maɪˈself /

•

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same person who did the action mentioned
My regular, usual, or healthy self

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

hometown

US / 'həʊmtaʊn /

•

UK / ˈhomˈtaʊn /

noun
Town (or city) where you grew up or where you live

pharmacy

US / ˈfɑ:məsi /

•

UK / ˈfɑ:rməsi /

noun
Shop where medicines are prepared and sold

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

alaska

US / əˈlæskə /

•

UK / əˈlæskə /

other
A state in northwestern North America; the th state admitted to the union

opposition

US / ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn /

noun
Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
Group that you are fighting or competing against

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

die

US / daɪ /

•

UK / daɪ /

noun
Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
verb
To cease to function or work
(Of a thing) to stop being used or done
(Of a person) to stop living

letter

US / 'letə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɛtɚ /

noun
One of the 26 parts of the English alphabet
Message you put in an envelope and send by post

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

nuclear

US / ˈnju:kliə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving the center of an atom

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

flag

US / flæɡ /

•

UK / flæɡ /

noun
Piece of cloth representing a team, country etc.
verb
To indicate something should get special attention
To work, run etc. more slowly or with less power

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

invasion

US / ɪnˈveɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈveʒən /

noun
Entry into a place to cause harm

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

fifteen

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

•

UK / fɪfˈtin /

number
15

pretend

US / prɪ'tend /

•

UK / prɪˈtɛnd /

verb
To act as if something is true when it is not

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

august

US / ɔːˈɡʌst /

•

UK / ɔːˈɡʌst /

adjecitve
(of person) Well known and respected
noun
8th month of the year

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

ministry

US / ˈmɪnɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstri /

noun
Body of religious workers and leaders
Government department, such as Education

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

lithuania

US / ˌlɪθjʊ'eɪnɪə /

•

UK / ˌlɪθʊ'eɪnɪr /

other
A republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea

sentence

US / 'sentəns /

•

UK / ˈsɛntəns /

noun
Official punishment given by a court of law
Set of words that make a whole statement
verb
(Of a judge) to decide the punishment of

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

ill

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Not well or sick
noun
Sickness or problem; bad conditions

seventeen

US / ˌsevnˈti:n /

•

UK / sev(ə)nˈtin /

number
17

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

exile

US / 'eksaɪl /

•

UK / ˈɛɡˌzaɪl, ˈɛkˌsaɪl /

noun
State of being forced to leave your country
One forced to leave their home and live elsewhere
verb
One forced to leave their home and live elsewhere

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

lawyer

US / ˈlɔ:jə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɔjɚ /

noun
Professional who helps people with the law

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

possibility

US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Something with a chance of happening or being true

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

escape

US / ɪ'skeɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈskep /

noun
Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
The 'esc key' on a keyboard
Act of getting away from where you are being kept
verb
To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
To get away from a place where you are being kept
(Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

suspense

US / səˈspens /

•

UK / səˈspɛns /

noun
Genre of movies, novels of uncertain mystery
Anxiety or apprehension caused by uncertainty
State of uncertainty

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

invade

US / ɪnˈveɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈved /

verb
To enter something causing a harmful result

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

challenger

US / 'tʃælɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒɚ /

noun
Rival; someone who opposes you

moscow

US / 'mɒskəʊ /

•

UK / 'mɑskaʊ /

proper noun
The capital of Russia, located at the center of European Russia, on the Moskva River; population 10,
A city in northwestern Idaho, home to the University of Idaho; population 22,798 (est. 2008).

pneumonia

US / nju:ˈməʊniə /

•

UK / nu:ˈmoʊniə /

noun
Serious illness affecting the lungs and breathing

lie

US / laɪ /

•

UK / lai /

noun
An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
verb
To be in a horizontal or flat position
To say something that you know is not true

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

ban

US / bæn /

•

UK / bæn /

noun
Official action preventing something happening
verb
To make something illegal or not allowed

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

grain

US / greɪn /

•

UK / ɡren /

noun
Seeds of plants used for food
Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
Very small piece of something such as sand, truth
Unit of weight based on a piece of wheat

dissident

US / ˈdɪsɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪsɪdənt /

adjecitve
Challenging a government's authority; rebelling
noun
Person challenging a government's authority; rebel

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

gallery

US / ˈgæləri /

•

UK / ˈɡæləri /

noun
Building to look at various types of art
Upper level of seats in buildings, theaters etc.

society

US / sə'saɪətɪ /

•

UK / səˈsaɪɪti /

noun
A group who meet to share values or interests
Group of people living together
Upper class of a community

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

daughter

US / ˈdɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɔtɚ /

adjecitve
(Of a company) being a subsidiary of another firm
noun
A female child of someone

nato

US / ˈneɪtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈneɪtoʊ /

abbreviation
NATO is an acronym

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

nobel

US / naɪ'trɒdʒənəs /

•

UK / naɪ'trɒdʒənəs /

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

honestly

US / ˈɒnɪstli /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪstli /

adverb
With truth or sincerity; I'm being honest with you

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

lonely

US / ˈləʊnli /

•

UK / ˈloʊnli /

adjecitve
Sad because apart from other people
Being far away and rarely visited by people

hospital

US / ˈhɒspɪtl /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:spɪtl /

noun
Building for sick people, with doctors and nurses

kiev

US / ˈki:ev /

•

UK / ˈkiɛf, -ɛv, ˈkjijɪf /

proper noun
The capital of Ukraine, an industrial city and port on the Dnieper River; population 2,765,500 (est.

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

fake

US / feɪk /

•

UK / fek /

adjecitve
Not real; made to look like something real
noun
A copy of something made to trick people
verb
To make move in sports to trick a player
To try to trick or deceive someone

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

staff

US / stɑ:f /

•

UK / stæf /

noun
Employees of a company
Long stick that a person uses to help them walk
verb
To hire workers for a business

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

aboard

US / əˈbɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈbɔrd, əˈbord /

adverb
On or onto a boat, airplane, train, etc.

self

US / self /

•

UK / sɛlf /

noun
Person's own interests or desires
Person that someone really is
Particular aspect of someone's personality
Person, usually someone already been mentioned

interview

US / 'ɪntəvju: /

•

UK / ˈɪntɚˌvju /

noun
Meeting to ask questions to get information
verb
To formally ask questions about a given topic

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

deputy

US / ˈdepjuti /

•

UK / ˈdɛpjəti /

noun
Assistant to a leader who acts on his, her behalf

passenger

US / 'pæsɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpæsəndʒɚ /

noun
Person who is traveling in a vehicle

constantly

US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

adverb
Frequently, or without pause

prize

US / praɪz /

•

UK / praɪz /

adjecitve
Being an excellent or valuable example of a thing
noun
Something won in a contest or given as an award
Something valuable that many people would like
verb
To value greatly and consider it important

install

US / ɪnˈstɔ:l /

•

UK / ɪnˈstɔl /

verb
To set up equipment so that it is ready to use
To place someone officially in a job position

activist

US / ˈæktɪvɪst /

•

UK / ˈæktəvɪst /

noun
A person who tries to change a government, society

troop

US / tru:p /

•

UK / trup /

noun
Group of people
Group of mammals or birds
A group of soldiers
verb
To walk past in a group or large number
To move or gather in a crowd

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

isolate

US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

verb
To identify, consider, or deal with separately
To keep in a place or situation apart from others
To separate something from another substance

bedroom

US / ˈbedru:m /

•

UK / ˈbɛdˌrum, -ˌrʊm /

noun
Room with a bed, for sleeping in

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

reelection

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Act of election or being elected again

police

US / pəˈli:s /

•

UK / pəˈlis /

adjecitve
Concerning the police and its business
noun
People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
verb
To control an area, or group with a police force

medicine

US / ˈmedsn /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

noun
Something used in treating illness or pain
Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

russia

US / 'rʌʃə /

•

UK / 'rʌʃə /

proper noun
A country in northern Asia and eastern Europe; population 143,500,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Mos

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

audience

US / ˈɔ:diəns /

•

UK / ˈɔdiəns /

noun
Group of people attending a play, movie etc.

arctic

US / 'ɑ:ktɪk /

•

UK / ˈɑrktɪk, ˈɑrtɪk /

adjecitve
The regions to the north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole
Region 66.3 degrees latitude north of the equator

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

medication

US / ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

memorial

US / mə'mɔ:rɪəl /

•

UK / məˈmɔriəl, -ˈmor- /

noun
Ceremony or monument honoring dead person, people

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

terribly

US / ˈterəbli /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbli /

adverb
To an extreme degree; badly; very

feed

US / fi:d /

•

UK / fid /

noun
Food given to animals
verb
To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
To push something through an opening
To provide necessary supplies to

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

attacker

US / əˈtækə(r) /

•

UK / əˈtækər /

noun
Someone who attacks

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

evil

US / 'i:vl /

•

UK / ˈivəl /

adjecitve
Morally bad; causing harm to people
noun
Act considered morally bad
Value, condition, or conduct that causes suffering

strongly

US / strɒŋlɪ /

•

UK / ˈstrɔŋlɪ /

adverb
With strength or in a strong manner

organize

US / ˈɔ:gənaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔ:rgənaɪz /

verb
To arrange and plan things, e.g. a party

exceptional

US / ɪkˈsepʃənl /

•

UK / ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being extremely and unusually good
(Of circumstance, etc.) being unusual; not normal

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

probation

US / prəˈbeɪʃn /

•

UK / proˈbeʃən /

noun
Reporting to police, instead of being jailed
Period of being monitored when in a new job

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

southern

US / ˈsʌðən /

•

UK / ˈsʌðərn /

adjecitve
Concerning a region in the south
Being in or toward the south

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

wipeout

US / ˈwaɪpaʊt /

•

UK / ˈwaɪpˌaʊt /

noun
Spill in some sport (as a fall from a bicycle or while skiing or being capsized on a surfboard)

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

courageous

US / kəˈreɪdʒəs /

•

UK / kəˈredʒəs /

adjecitve
Able to face danger without fear

freedom

US / 'fri:dəm /

•

UK / ˈfridəm /

noun
State of being free, not being controlled

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

weakness

US / ˈwi:knəs /

•

UK / ˈwiknɪs /

noun
Fault or bad quality preventing success
Liking for something that you are a bit ashamed of

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

eleven

US / ɪˈlevn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvən /

number
11

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

unconscious

US / ʌnˈkɒnʃəs /

•

UK / ʌnˈkɑnʃəs /

adjecitve
Not aware of what is going on around you
Not being deliberate or on purpose

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

Subtitles section

Today is Election Day in Russia, but there's no suspense.

Seventy one year old Vladimir Putin will be named the winner, as he has been over the last twenty four years.

This time, as often, his challengers died.

One after an explosion on a plane, and Alexei Navalny, Putin's leading rival, who died last month in an Arctic prison camp.

Putin has killed nearly all internal opposition to his unprovoked war in Ukraine.

And yet, many courageous Russians continue the struggle outside the country.

We met some of them, in a city you might think of as the capital of free Russia.

The story will continue in a moment.

It's five hundred miles west of Moscow, the city of Vilnius in Lithuania, where there's no love lost for Russia.

Lithuania is a democracy of about three million people and a NATO ally.

Vilnius, the capital, is clothed in the colors of Ukraine.

The city changed the Russian embassy's address to Heroes of Ukraine Street,

and Putin is reminded the international court in The Hague is waiting with his arrest warrant.

Since Putin's to invasion, Lithuania has welcomed more than twenty five hundred Russian exiles.

It is our policy to provide shelter to all freedom fighters.

Mantas Adomenas served as Lithuania's deputy foreign minister from twenty twenty until last August.

I haven't seen so many Ukrainian flags since I was in Kiev.

Why do your people feel so strongly about this?

Our freedom, our independence, our sort of security is being defended in the battlefields in Ukraine.

Ukrainians are dying so that we can be safe.

There are many more Russian dissidents who would like to come to Lithuania.

Can you accept any more?

Yes, I think we can accept.

Of course, we will accommodate as many as needed and provide them with possibility to work for the freedom and democracy in Russia.

One of the Russian exiles in Lithuania working for freedom and democracy is a crusading mob.

Two years ago, Anastasia Shevchenko fled Putin's regime.

This is a terrorist regime.

They are threatening other countries with oil, gas, nuclear weapon, and grain.

They are threatening us with our children, with our parents, with our lives, and so on.

More than anything, it was her daughter, Alina, severely disabled at birth, that made Shevchenko an activist against Putin.

Back then, the family was in southern Russia, and Alina was in a Russian government nursing home.

Alina could not speak, could not communicate?

No.

She was like a one week child, like a baby.

She was seventeen, but even, you know, to feed her, it was a whole science, because she needed blended food, you need to hold her in a special position.

Shevchenko cared for Alina much of the time because the Russian nursing facility was short on staff and supplies.

I was struggling to get medication for my daughter.

begging in the pharmacy that she needed it.

It was very important for her health.

And they said, no, we just don't have it because the ministry forgot to order it this month and you need to wait.

I decided I'm not going to keep silence and I'm going to stand out and to speak out.

She spoke out through a Russian democracy group called Open Russia.

It was tolerated ten years ago, and Shevchenko organized protests in her hometown.

But in twenty nineteen, the Kremlin cracked down.

Shevchenko was arrested, and her lawyer warned her she would be shocked by what the police had already done.

He showed me the screenshots of me in my bed, and I realized that they had installed the video camera into the air conditioning unit above my bed, and they have been watching me for six months in my bedroom.

A Russian court ordered Shevchenko into house arrest.

She couldn't visit or care for Alina.

It wasn't long before her daughter developed pneumonia.

By the time a judge granted Shevchenko a pass to the hospital, Alina was unconscious.

I spent maybe ten minutes holding her hand, because that's what I do when my children are ill.

When you hold their hand, they feel better.

But this time, she was cold.

She didn't feel me.

And she died in an hour.

In twenty twenty one, Shevchenko was given a four year suspended sentence.

But when Putin invaded Ukraine the next year, she decided to flee Russia.

From her southern city, she took her two surviving children on an eleven hundred mile drive.

A U.S. based democracy group arranged Lithuanian visas.

What does this tell us about Russia today?

It's enough to write something on social media, just one sentence, and you can be imprisoned for years.

They are listening to your phone calls.

They are watching you in your bedroom.

They are controlling you.

Breaking that control is why Sergei Davidis also left Russia for Lithuania in the year of the war.

You would be in a Russian prison just for doing this interview.

Oh, for sure.

For sure.

In Moscow, Davidis helped lead one of Russia's largest human rights groups, called Memorial.

It won the Nobel Peace Prize two years ago, but now it's banned.

He told us, almost every day there are more and more arrests.

We hear news about new political arrests.

And apart from the legal side of it, more often than before there's violence and torture.

Davidis heads Memorial's project to support political prisoners.

He told us he has confirmed six hundred and eighty in prison today,

but he believes the actual number is multiples of that.

Since the year of the war, Russians can be sentenced to fifteen years just for criticizing the war on the street or in the media.

One of the consequences of the war, he says, was a complete wipeout of independent mass media, a prohibition of any opinion that's not under control of the government.

Independent newsrooms in Russia have been forced to close.

Government controlled newscasts report only the absurd lie that the war is self defense against Nazis.

This host says, We are on the side of good, against the forces of absolute evil embodied by the Ukrainian Nazi battalions.

People are scared.

So they feel lonely.

They feel terribly lonely.

Tatyana Fagenhauer and Alexander Polushev were talk radio hosts on a prominent Moscow station.

They were allowed to speak their minds until the day Putin launched his war.

It was my morning show.

I said, it's half past six, good morning, war began.

War began, and within two weeks, their station was forced to close.

Now, Polushev and Fagenhauer are in Vilnius, streaming daily into Russia on YouTube.

Putin silenced Facebook, X, and Instagram, but YouTube may be too popular for the Kremlin to block so far.

This is the only chance to talk about the war honestly, because the propaganda tries to create this feeling that you are completely alone if you are against the war.

Why does this mean so much to you?

Really, I would hate myself if I'm silent or pretending that everything is okay.

If Russian radio and TV stations are allowed only Kremlin talking points, we saw a Lithuanian station telling the truth, not on a channel, but on platform number five, to a captive Russian audience.

Because part of Russia, Kaliningrad on the left, is separate, like Alaska from the lower Forty Eight, the Moscow Kaliningrad train must travel through Lithuania.

The cars are sealed for the transit, but at a stop in Vilnius, Russian passengers were confronted by posters of atrocities, each read, Putin is killing civilians in Ukraine.

Do you agree with this?

The gallery testified as the train waited half an hour.

There's no way to know how much truth climbed aboard.

And no one is allowed off the train, in part because Lithuania worries about Russian agents.

Putin is infamous for attempting to attack his enemies in foreign countries.

And I wonder if the Russian dissidents are safe here in Lithuania.

Of course, it is a major concern for us.

We spent considerable effort in making sure that dissidents are safe here and safer than they would be, in fact, in many other countries.

Have there been attempts?

Well, I'm afraid I can't release that information in more detail, but let's put it this way, that Russia is constantly probing and constantly trying.

and this past week, Russia may have gotten through.

Leonid Volkov was attacked with a hammer outside Vilnius.

Volkov, on the right, was a top aide to Putin's late rival, Alexei Navalny.

Volkov's arm was broken.

The attacker fled.

Vladimir Putin's reelection this week will bring him to his fifth term, which will cover the next six years.

He enjoys support from nationalists who want to believe that today's Russia is an exceptional nation.

But Putin also has weaknesses.

It's estimated he's lost three hundred thousand troops killed and wounded.

And Russia has a population less than half that of the United States and an economy about the size of Italy's.

My hope is a country where government takes care about citizens.

Anastasia Shevchenko is free in Vilnius, but she's wanted in Russia for breaking her probation.

These days, she's streaming her own YouTube show and sends medicine, food, and letters to political prisoners.

She's become another voice to the isolated and the lonely and those like her daughter who will never escape the new Iron Curtain.

She was alone, no one next to her.

I really feel very guilty about it.

But I wouldn't change anything in my life, I think.

Why not?

You know, the society in Russia is based on fakes.

We have fake democracy by constitution.

It is a democracy.

Fake news, fake elections.

And I want to be the opposite.

I want to be open.

I want Russia to be open.

How safe are Russian dissidents in Lithuania?

People ask me, come on, are you actually safe there?

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