Sean Carroll: Understanding the Origin of Life is Within the Reach of Science | AI Podcast Clips
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
soon
US / su:n /
•UK / sun /
- adverb
- At a time not long from now
difference
US / 'dɪfrəns /
•UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /
- noun
- A thing or issue that people do not agree about
- Not of the same kind; unlike other things
well
US / wel /
•UK / wɛl /
- adjecitve
- Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
- Healthy and in good condition
- adverb
- In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
- In a complete, total, or full manner
- A great and considerable degree
- In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
- exclamation
- Used to begin or continue a particular statement
- Used to show you want to start saying something
- Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
- You say this to change the topic of a conversation
- Used to indicate you are making a final remark
- noun
- Long deep hole in the ground to get water
- verb
- To cause your eyes to fill with tears
within
US / wɪˈðɪn /
•UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /
- adverb
- Inside the limits of an area, time or range
- preposition
- From the inside of something
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
talk
US / tɔ:k /
•UK / tɔk /
- noun
- Style of speaking
- Discussion between two countries
- Giving information in front of people; lecture
- Saying things or ideas to someone with words
- verb
- To make a formal speech about something
- To say things or ideas to someone with words
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
cellular
US / 'seljələ(r) /
•UK / ˈsɛljəlɚ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a cell of a living thing
- (Of radio signals) functioning without wires
earth
US / ɜ:θ /
•UK / ɚθ /
- noun
- Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
- The planet we live on
- Soil in which we grow plants
fact
US / fækt /
•UK / fækt /
- noun
- Something that is known or proved to be true
though
US / ðəu /
•UK / ðo /
- adverb
- Although, despite the fact that
pop
US / pɒp /
•UK / pɑp /
- adjecitve
- Type of music or art popular with many people
- noun
- Sweet soda drink
- verb
- To cause something to open or burst suddenly
- To go to or in a place for a brief period of time
molecule
US / ˈmɒlɪkju:l /
•UK / ˈmɑlɪˌkjul /
- noun
- Two or more atoms chemically combined
generation
US / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn /
•UK / ˌdʒɛnəˈreʃən /
- noun
- Act or process of producing or causing something
- People born and living at about the same time
control
US / kən'trəʊl /
•UK / kənˈtrol /
- noun
- A device designed to operate a machine
- Participant in experiment that is left untouched
- Act to dominate or command; make manageable
- A law limiting the growth or spread of something
- A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
- verb
- To direct or influence the behavior of something
mystery
US / ˈmɪstri /
•UK / ˈmɪstəri /
- noun
- Quality of being strange and not understood
- Book, play, or film about solving a strange crime
- Something that is not known
question
US / 'kwestʃən /
•UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /
- noun
- Issue or problems you are dealing with
- What you ask about; issue
- verb
- To ask for or try to get information
- To have or express concerns or uncertainty
difficult
US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /
•UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /
- adjecitve
- Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it
wall
US / wɔ:l /
•UK / wɔl /
- noun
- High, flat side of a room or building
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
little
US / 'lɪtl /
•UK / ˈlɪtl /
- adjecitve
- Being short in length of time
- Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
- Being very young or younger than others
- adverb
- By an amount or degree that is not very much
- Not often; rarely
- noun
- A person's name
might
US / maɪt /
•UK / maɪt /
- other
- Used to politely request an action
- Used to express that something could happen
- Power, strength, force or influence
let
US / let /
•UK / lɛt /
- verb
- To allow someone to do something
- Introducing a suggestion to do something together
- To rent a house, etc. to others
easily
US / ˈi:zəli /
•UK / ˈizəli /
- adverb
- Clearly; without doubt; certainly
- Without difficulty
three
US / θri: /
•UK / θri /
- number
- Number 3
able
US / 'eɪbl /
•UK / ˈebəl /
- adjecitve
- Skilled; good at something
- Having the ability to do something
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
may
US / meɪ /
•UK / me /
- noun
- 5th month of the year
- other
- Used to express a desire
- Expresses permission, possibility or probability
- Used to show that a thing could be true
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
into
US / 'ɪntə /
•UK / ˈɪntu /
- preposition
- Moving or going inside something
- In the same direction as; in the direction of
- So as to become; taking the state of
you
US / jʊ /
•UK / ju /
- pronoun
- Person someone is speaking or writing to
- Person or people in general
kind
US / kaɪnd /
•UK / kaɪnd /
- adjecitve
- In a caring and helpful manner
- friendly and considerate
- noun
- One type of thing
how
US / haʊ /
•UK / haʊ /
- adjecitve
- To what degree? in what amount?
- adverb
- (Used to explain the way to do something)
- exclamation
- For what purpose or reason?
- (Used to ask someone or something's condition)
originally
US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /
•UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /
- adverb
- At first; in the beginning
- In a new and unique manner
answer
US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /
•UK / ˈænsɚ /
- noun
- Reply to a question someone asks
- Solution to a problem or test question
- verb
- To reply to a question someone asks
- To solve a test question or a problem
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed
body
US / ˈbɒd.i /
•UK / ˈbɑdi /
- noun
- An object distinct from other objects
- A group of people involved in an activity together
- Main part of something
- A person's physical self
state
US / steɪt /
•UK / stet /
- adjecitve
- Concerning region within a country
- noun
- Region within a country, with its own government
- Situation or condition something is in
- verb
- To say; declare as fact
bilayer
US / 'bɑɪˌleɪə /
•UK / 'bɑɪˌleɪə /
- noun
- A structure, such as a film or membrane, consisting of two molecular layers
think
US / θɪŋk /
•UK / θɪŋk /
- verb
- To have an idea about something without certainty
- To have an idea, opinion or belief about something
literally
US / ˈlɪtərəli /
•UK / ˈlɪtərəli /
- adverb
- So as to express the exact meaning of something
- Used to say something is true, even if unlikely
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
something
US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
- adverb
- In some degree or measure
- noun
- a person or thing of some value or consequence
- pronoun
- Thing that is not yet known or named
- Approximately
podcast
US / 'pɒdkɑ:st /
•UK / 'pɑ:dkæst /
- noun
- A digital recording (e.g. radio show) for download
most
US / məʊst /
•UK / most /
- adverb
- Very; extremely
- Greatest possible degree
- pronoun
- Nearly all of something
money
US / 'mʌnɪ /
•UK / ˈmʌni /
- noun
- Coins or notes we use to pay for things
intelligence
US / ɪn'telɪdʒəns /
•UK / ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns /
- adjecitve
- Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
- noun
- Collection of secret information about something
- Ability to learn things or to consider situations
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
two
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- number
- 2
replication
US / ˌreplɪ'keɪʃn /
•UK / ˌrɛplɪˈkeʃən /
- noun
- Act of making more exact copies of itself
- Act of repeating a previous action
who
US / hu: /
•UK / hu /
- pronoun
- Which person
- Used to introduce information about people
metabolism
US / məˈtæbəlɪzəm /
•UK / mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm /
- noun
- Chemical processes to convert food to energy
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
believe
US / bɪ'li:v /
•UK / bɪˈliv /
- verb
- To think or accept that something is true
- To have a particular opinion about something
change
US / tʃeɪndʒ /
•UK / tʃendʒ /
- noun
- Exchange of one set of clothes for another
- Money in the form of coins instead of paper
- Money returned after giving too much
- Act of making or becoming something else
- verb
- To exchange one set of clothes for another
- To exchange one kind of money for another
- To replace something with another thing
- To make or become something else
- To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
take
US / teɪk /
•UK / tek /
- noun
- Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
- verb
- To accept something that is offered
- To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
- To use a camera to make (a photo)
- To pick up something and go away with it
- To study a subject in school
- To attempt to pass (an exam)
- To require a certain amount of time, money, space
close
US / kləʊz /
•UK / kloʊz /
- adjecitve
- Almost; near
- (Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
- Being near or related
- Similar; nearly the same
- verb
- To come progressively nearer to something
- To end; to bring to an end
- To make something shut; stop from being open
pretty
US / 'prɪtɪ /
•UK / ˈprɪti /
- adjecitve
- Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
- adverb
- Very; to a great degree
machinery
US / məˈʃi:nəri /
•UK / məˈʃinəri, -ˈʃinri /
- noun
- System/processes to get official approval, etc.
- Machines in general
- Inner, working parts of a machine
area
US / 'eərɪə /
•UK / ˈɛriə /
- noun
- Amount of measured space
- A specific section or space; part of a region
- A subject or field of study
actually
US / ˈæktʃuəli /
•UK / ˈæktʃuəli /
- adverb
- Used to add new (often different) information
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
complicated
US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /
•UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /
- adjecitve
- Difficult to do, understand or use
- verb
- To make more difficult to do, understand or use
science
US / 'saɪəns /
•UK / ˈsaɪəns /
- noun
- Study of the physical world, based on facts
sort
US / sɔ:t /
•UK / sɔrt /
- noun
- Group or class of similar things or people
- verb
- To organize things by putting them into groups
- To deal with things in an organized way
lipid
US / ˈlɪpɪd /
•UK / 'lɪpɪd /
- adjecitve
- Fatty substance forming structure of living cells
while
US / waɪl /
•UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /
- conjunction
- In spite of the fact that; although
- During the time that; at the same time
- noun
- Short amount of time
probably
US / ˈprɒbəbli /
•UK / ˈprɑbəbli /
- adverb
- That is likely to happen or be true
nsf
US / /
•UK / /
- abbreviation
- National Science Foundation.
eat
US / i:t /
•UK / it /
- verb
- To put food in your mouth
itself
US / ɪtˈself /
•UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /
- pronoun
- Referring to it
compartmentalization
US / /
•UK / /
- noun
- Act of separating into individual categories
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
information
US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /
•UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /
- noun
- Collection of facts and details about something
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
before
US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /
•UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /
- adverb
- At a time earlier than the present; previously
- conjunction
- In advance of something happening
- preposition
- In front of someone or something
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
could
US / kəd /
•UK / kʊd /
- other
- Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
- Used to ask for something politely, or to offer
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
spending
US / ˈspendɪŋ /
•UK / ˈspɛndɪŋ /
- verb
- To use money to pay for something
- To use time in order to do something
- To use up something completely
origin
US / ˈɒrɪdʒɪn /
•UK / ˈɔrədʒɪn,ˈɑr- /
- noun
- Point at which something begins or is created
- Country or social group that a person comes from
problem
US / ˈprɒbləm /
•UK / ˈprɑbləm /
- adjecitve
- Causing trouble
- noun
- Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
- Question to show understanding of a math concept
see
US / si: /
•UK / si /
- verb
- To go on a date with someone
- To predict whether something is, or will be true
- To understand what someone says
- To use your eyes to look at something
- To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
- To visit or meet with someone
- To find out by waiting or looking
- To watch (a game, movie or TV show)
art
US / ɑ:t /
•UK / ɑrt /
- noun
- Creative skill using the imagination e.g. painting
- A skill or talent you have
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
understand
US / ˌʌndə'stænd /
•UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /
- verb
- To know the meaning of language, what someone says
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
really
US / ˈri:əli /
•UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /
- adverb
- Used to stress something that is said; definitely
- In a true or accurate manner
- Very
membrane
US / 'membreɪn /
•UK / ˈmɛmˌbren /
- noun
- Outside covering of a cell
- A thin covering of tissue or of a cell
reproduce
US / ˌri:prə'dju:s /
•UK / ˌriprəˈdus, -ˈdjus /
- verb
- To make a copy of something
- To have children/young; grow roots/new plants
quite
US / kwaɪt /
•UK / kwaɪt /
- adverb
- Not very; fairly
- Very; In a complete or total manner
our
US / 'aʊə(r) /
•UK / aʊr /
- determiner
- Belonging to us
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
food
US / fu:d /
•UK / fud /
- noun
- What people and animals eat to live
- Things taken in by plants to maintain life
- A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian
nearly
US / ˈniəli /
•UK / ˈnɪrli /
- adverb
- Not completely; almost
historically
US / hɪ'stɒrɪklɪ /
•UK / hɪsˈtɔrɪkl:ɪ /
- adverb
- In history; in the past
life
US / laɪf /
•UK / laɪf /
- noun
- All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
- Period of time things live, from birth to death
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
want
US / wɔnt /
•UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /
- noun
- Something you desire or wish for
- State or condition of poverty
- verb
- To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing
currently
US / ˈkʌrəntli /
•UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /
- adverb
- Happening or being in the present time
obvious
US / ˈɒbviəs /
•UK / ˈɑbviəs /
- adjecitve
- Easily understood and clear; plain to see
hard
US / hɑ:d /
•UK / hɑː(r)d /
- adjecitve
- Difficult to do; difficult to understand
- (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
- (Of alcohol) strong
- Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
- Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
- Strong
- (Of edge) clear; sharp
- Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
- adverb
- With lots of force, power, or impact
difficulty
US / ˈdɪfɪkəlti /
•UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlti, -kəl- /
- noun
- Something that is hard to do
require
US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /
•UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /
- verb
- To demand that someone does something
- To need to do something, to make it necessary
lab
US / læb /
•UK / læb /
- noun
- Short for 'laboratory'
flood
US / flʌd /
•UK / flʌd /
- noun
- Large number of people or things arriving at once
- Destruction when a river breaks its banks
- verb
- To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
- (Of liquid) to fill or cover something completely
enough
US / ɪˈnʌf /
•UK / ɪˈnʌf /
- adjecitve
- Sufficient to answer the need
- adverb
- To a satisfactory degree
- pronoun
- Equal to what is needed; as much as required
- Adequate number or amount
then
US / ðen /
•UK / ðɛn /
- adverb
- A time that is not now
- Following another thing in time or arrangement
- Following on reasonably from what was just stated
- At that time, not now
include
US / ɪnˈklu:d /
•UK / ɪnˈklud /
- verb
- To make someone, something part of a group
down
US / daʊn /
•UK / daʊn /
- adjecitve
- Being sad, sick, or unhappy
- Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
- adverb
- In a sitting or lying position
- Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
- Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
- noun
- A period of play in American Football
- The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
- preposition
- Along something's path, course, or direction
- Going from a higher position to a lower position
- verb
- To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping
right
US / raɪt /
•UK / raɪt /
- adjecitve
- Correct or true
- The south side of you looking at the rising sun
- adverb
- Exactly in a place or time
- Being appropriate for a particular event
- In a straight or direct manner
- noun
- Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
- Ideal of what is just and good
- Political view based on conservatism
- verb
- To fix something previously wrong or unjust
- To make upright, as a boat that has turned over
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
people
US / 'pi:pl /
•UK / ˈpipəl /
- noun
- Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
- Men, Women, Children
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
even
US / 'i:vn /
•UK / ˈivən /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
- Being divided equally or fairly
- (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
- Smooth, level, or regular
- Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
- At a regular, equally steady manner
- Remaining steady and unchanging
- adverb
- (When this is surprising) as well; too
- (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
- verb
- To make something level; to flatten
- To make something equal
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
happen
US / 'hæpən /
•UK / ˈhæpən /
- verb
- To take place or occur
each
US / i:tʃ /
•UK / itʃ /
- determiner
- Every one of two or more things
- pronoun
- Per one person or thing
existence
US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /
•UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /
- noun
- State of being present, alive or real
cell
US / sel /
•UK / sɛl /
- noun
- Smallest unit of living things in biology
- Group of people - often from a secret organization
- Prisoner's room in a jail
- Shortened form of 'cellphone'