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Taking Stock - Inflation may be cooling in Canada

Original YouTube Video | BNNBloomberg Published on 2023-06-23 Level：60 Speed：71 maxwordlevel：28

Video vocabulary

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

client

US / 'klaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈklaɪənt /

noun
Person paying for professional services

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

margin

US / ˈmɑ:dʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rdʒən /

noun
Edge of an area
Edge or border of a page on above, below
Profit; money left over after all costs

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

anticipate

US / æn'tɪsɪpeɪt /

•

UK / ænˈtɪsəˌpet /

verb
To expect or look ahead to something positively
To be aware of something that might happen

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

insecurity

US / ˌɪnsɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrətɪ /

noun
Lack of confidence or certainty about yourself
State of feeling unsafe

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

spectre

US / 'spektə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɛktɚ /

noun
Mental representation of some haunting experience

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

software

US / ˈsɒftweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɔ:ftwer /

noun
Computer applications and systems

adjust

US / əˈdʒʌst /

•

UK / əˈdʒʌst /

verb
To change; to attain a desired state or function
To change so as to fit in with new conditions

bot

US / bɒt /

•

UK / bɑt /

noun
Botfly larva; typically develops inside the body of a horse or sheep or human

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

attribute

US / əˈtrɪbju:t /

•

UK / əˈtrɪbjut /

noun
Characteristic something has, e.g. size or color
Adjectives placed before the nouns they modify
verb
(Of books, art, music) to say it was composed by

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

grocer

US / ˈgrəʊsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡrosɚ /

noun
Merchant selling foodstuffs and household supplies

retailer

US / ˈri:teɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈritelɚ /

noun
Merchant/store who sells goods at retail

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

tory

US / ˈtɔ:ri /

•

UK / ˈtɔri, ˈtori /

noun
British conservative politician

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

finger

US / ˈfɪŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪŋɡɚ /

noun
One of the five long parts of the hand
verb
To touch something with the ends of the hands
To identify the person guilty of a crime

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

highlight

US / ˈhaɪlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈhaɪˌlaɪt /

noun
Best or most interesting part of something
Spot or section lighter than the area around it
verb
To use chemicals to make some hair a lighter color
To make people aware of a problem, subject, issue
To focus particular attention on; draw attention
To use a pen to mark places of interest in a book

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

ore

US / ɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ɔr, or /

noun
Rock containing valuable metal

therefore

US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

adverb
And so; for that reason

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

fair

US / feə(r) /

•

UK / fɛr /

adjecitve
Neither very good nor very bad; average
(Of skin) light colored; not dark
Quite good; quite a lot
Treating all people the same way
(Of hair) light colored; blonde
(Of weather) sunny; not raining
noun
Event for companies to show their products
Event to sell things to help a charity

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

stress

US / stres /

•

UK / strɛs /

noun
Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
Pressure on something or someone
A state of mental tension, worry due to problems
verb
To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
To put pressure on something or someone
To say your opinion strongly
To be in a state of mental tension due to problems

root

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, rʊt /

noun
Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
The origin or starting place of something
A number that is multiplied by itself
Part of plant growing underground, as to get water
Part of tooth, hair etc. from which the rest grows
Base part of a word to which affixes can be added
verb
To cause a plant to develop or grow roots
(Animals) to search for e.g. food in earth
To stop someone moving, as through fear

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

inflation

US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

noun
Act of filling something with air or gas
Continual rise in the prices of products

input

US / ˈɪnpʊt /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌpʊt /

noun
Advice or ideas that someone provides
verb
To put in information, advice or opinions

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Reddit is an American social news aggregation, content rating, and discussion website.

uncertainty

US / ʌn'sɜ:tntɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈsə:tn:ti /

noun
Feeling of not really knowing what will happen

union

US / 'ju:nɪən /

•

UK / ˈjunjən /

noun
Act of joining two or more things into one
Marriage
Organization of workers to look after their needs

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

convolution

US / ˌkɒnvəˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:nvəˈlu:ʃn /

noun
Shape of something rotating rapidly; a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain the acti

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

net

US / net /

•

UK / nɛt /

adjecitve
Remaining amount after something is taken away
noun
Internet
Crossed rope, fibers with partly open pattern
Crossed ropes that make up the back of a goal
verb
To catch or cover something in a mesh, often fish
To gain or earn a certain amount of money
To hit a ball into a goal during a sports event

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

windfall

US / ˈwɪndfɔːl /

•

UK / ˈwɪndfɔːl /

noun
Fruit that has fallen from the tree

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

convenient

US / kənˈvi:niənt /

•

UK / kənˈvinjənt /

adjecitve
Allowing you to do something with less trouble

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

soviet

US / ˈsəuviət,ˈsɔviət /

•

UK / ˈsoviˌɛt, -ɪt, ˈsɑvi-, ˌsoviˈɛt /

adjecitve
Of or relating to or characteristic of the former Soviet Union or its people
noun
Elected government council in a communist country

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

global

US / ˈgləʊbl /

•

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

adjecitve
Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

livestock

US / ˈlaɪvstɒk /

•

UK / ˈlaɪvˌstɑk /

noun
Any animals kept for use or profit

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

yearly

US / 'jɪəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈjɪrli /

adverb
Once a year; every 365 days

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

debate

US / dɪ'beɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈbet /

noun
General public discussion of a topic
A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
verb
To consider options before making a decision
To take part in a formal discussion

domestic

US / dəˈmestɪk /

•

UK / dəˈmɛstɪk /

adjecitve
British informal fight between husband and wife
Concerning your own home or house
Concerning or made in your own country
noun
Someone paid to help with housework in your house

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

entry

US / ˈentri /

•

UK / ˈɛntri /

noun
Act of entering a room, building, party
Act of starting a career
Person or thing included in a competition or race
Piece of information entered into a computer
Place where one enters a building, stadium etc.
Piece of information in a database, dictionary etc.

folk

US / fəʊk /

•

UK / fok /

adjecitve
(Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
noun
Ordinary common people

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

peak

US / pi:k /

•

UK / pik /

noun
Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
The very top of a mountain
State when something is at its best
Time or point when the highest level occurs
verb
To reach the highest or best point

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

council

US / 'kaʊnsl /

•

UK / ˈkaʊnsəl /

noun
Group chosen to make decisions about something

deny

US / dɪ'naɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈnaɪ /

verb
To refuse to allow or accept something

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

item

US / ˈaɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈaɪtəm /

noun
Single, brief piece of news or reporting
Distinct, individual thing, often part of a group

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

complicated

US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /

adjecitve
Difficult to do, understand or use
verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

gouge

US / ɡaʊdʒ /

•

UK / ɡaʊdʒ /

verb
To scoop out usually aggressively

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

visit

US / ˈvɪzɪt /

•

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

noun
Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
verb
To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

danny

US / ˈdæni /

•

UK / ˈdæni /

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

seize

US / si:z /

•

UK / siz /

verb
To take a place with force, as by military action
To arrest or catch someone
To take someone's property with legal authority
To take hold of something suddenly and violently

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

tight

US / taɪt /

•

UK / taɪt /

adjecitve
Showing anxiety or anger; tense
Positioned physically close together
Managed or controlled in a strict and careful way
(Of road, bend) curving sharply
Drunk
Being equally matched in ability or score
Lacking extra space
Having limited time available
Being very limited in supply
Not generous; mean with money; stingy
(Rope or tie) pulled strongly
Being in a good solid relationship
adverb
Firmly; so it can't move

zinc

US / zɪŋk /

•

UK / zɪŋk /

noun
Bluish white metal used in making brass

afternoon

US / ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n /

•

UK / ˌæftərˈnu:n /

noun
Time after 12:00 and before the evening meal

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

proposition

US / ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:pəˈzɪʃn /

noun
General claim or theory
Something you want to do that may be difficult

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

retail

US / 'ri:teɪl /

•

UK / ˈriˌtel /

adjecitve
Concerning the selling of goods to the public
adverb
Bought or sold in a store or shop
noun
Business of selling products to the public
verb
To sell at a particular price

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

typically

US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

adverb
In a normal or usual way

solely

US / ˈsəʊlli:, ˈsəʊli: /

•

UK / ˈsolli, ˈsoli /

adverb
With no one or nothing else

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

diesel

US / ˈdi:zl /

•

UK / ˈdizəl, -səl /

noun
Heavy mineral oil used for power engines

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

fish

US / fɪʃ /

•

UK / fɪʃ /

noun
Animal that swims and lives in water
verb
To go fishing with a net or hook

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

row

US / rəʊ /

•

UK / roʊ /

noun
Loud argument or quarrel between people
Straight line of things, e.g. seats in classroom
Loud, unpleasant, and undesirable noise
verb
To move a boat using oars
To argue or quarrel loudly about something

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

invasion

US / ɪnˈveɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈveʒən /

noun
Entry into a place to cause harm

labour

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
Physical process by which a baby is born
The people with work in a community
A left-wing political party in some countries
(Physically challenging) work
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

relief

US / rɪˈli:f /

•

UK / rɪˈlif /

noun
Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
Artwork, e.g. part of wall, that partly sticks out
People who replace other workers and their duties
Release from worry, stress or tension

policymaker

US / 'pɒləsɪmeɪkə(r) /

•

UK / 'pɒləsɪˌmeɪkə /

noun
Someone who makes and decides (government) plans

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

grain

US / greɪn /

•

UK / ɡren /

noun
Seeds of plants used for food
Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
Very small piece of something such as sand, truth
Unit of weight based on a piece of wheat

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

legitimate

US / lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət /

•

UK / ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt /

adjecitve
Being born to legally married parents
Being reasonable and sound
verb
To make acceptable and sound

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

reduction

US / rɪ'dʌkʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈdʌkʃən /

noun
Act of making something smaller
Amount that a price is decreased by

affair

US / ə'feə(r) /

•

UK / əˈfɛr /

noun
Secret sexual relationship between two people
Event or a set of events, often unpleasant ones

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

intermediate

US / ˌɪntəˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ˌɪntɚˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Between; in the middle; moderate
Having some knowledge but not advanced
noun
Person with some knowledge but not advanced

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

meat

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Flesh of a dead animal that you eat
Something that is important or significant

profitability

US / ˌprɒfɪtə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌprɑfɪtəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
Degree to which money can be made in business

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

continuation

US / kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən /

noun
Act of going on without stopping or pausing

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

feed

US / fi:d /

•

UK / fid /

noun
Food given to animals
verb
To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
To push something through an opening
To provide necessary supplies to

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

hence

US / hens /

•

UK / hɛns /

adverb
A place far away from here
Therefore
From this time forward

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

ratio

US / ˈreɪʃiəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪʃioʊ /

noun
The relationship in relative size, etc.

recommendation

US / ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeʃən /

noun
Act of suggesting something as a good choice

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

sector

US / ˈsektə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛktɚ, -ˌtɔr /

noun
Part that a place is divided into
Area; type of industry or business

bear

US / bɛː /

•

UK / bɛr /

noun
Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
Someone who expects stock market to fall
verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To keep moving left or right while going forward
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

senior

US / 'si:nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsinjɚ /

adjecitve
Being older than another person
Concerning the needs or activities of older people
(Student) in the final year of school
noun
Person who has usually reached a specific old age
Person who is older than someone else
Person with higher status or authority than
Student who is in the final year of school

worm

US / wɜ:m /

•

UK / wɚm /

noun
Small thin tube-shaped animal without legs
verb
To remove worms from an animals stomach
To get information, etc. out of, by tricking them
To cause something to move slowly or weave through

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

mixed

US / mɪkst /

•

UK / mɪkst /

verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

competition

US / ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Fighting against others to win something

grievance

US / ˈgri:vəns /

•

UK / ˈɡrivəns /

noun
Feeling of being treated unfairly

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

banking

US / ˈbæŋkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbæŋkɪŋ /

noun
Act of keeping your money in a bank
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

climb

US / klaɪm /

•

UK / klaɪm /

noun
A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
verb
To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

eighth

US / eɪtθ /

•

UK / etθ, eθ /

noun
8th

intend

US / ɪnˈtend /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /

verb
To plan or want to do something

mandate

US / 'mændeɪt /

•

UK / ˈmænˌdet /

noun
Official command or order
verb
To order that something is done

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

rip

US / rɪp /

•

UK / rɪp /

noun
A long tear in something, e.g. a piece of cloth
verb
To tear or split roughly or cause to tear or split
To become torn, opened, or split apart forcefully
To remove or take by pulling it forcefully

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

driver

US / ˈdraɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdraɪvɚ /

noun
People who move cattle from one place to another
Someone who operates a vehicle
A club with a wooden head used when playing golf

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

lockdown

US / ˈlɒkdaʊn /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:kdaʊn /

noun
Confining prisoners to their cells after a riot

lower

US / 'ləʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

adjecitve
In a position more near the bottom
verb
To move something downward to the ground

intellectual

US / ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl /

•

UK / ˌɪntlˈɛktʃuəl /

adjecitve
connected with or using a person’s ability to think in a logical way and understand things
other
a person who is well educated and enjoys activities in which they have to think seriously about thin

manufacture

US / ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˌmænjəˈfæktʃɚ /

verb
To produce large numbers of products in a factory
To create a story or explanation that is not true

protest

US / 'prəʊtest /

•

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

noun
Forceful argument against something
Objection to something
verb
To argue against something in a forceful way
To express a strong objection or dislike

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

volunteer

US / ˌvɒlən'tɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌvɑlənˈtɪr /

adjecitve
Working willingly without pay to help others
noun
Person who helps others without being paid
verb
To work willingly without pay to help others

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

communist

US / ˈkɒmjənɪst /

•

UK / ˈkɑmjənɪst /

adjecitve
Believer in communism

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

producer

US / prəˈdju:sə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈdu:sə(r) /

noun
Company producing or growing a certain product
Person who organizes the making of a movie

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

player

US / ˈpleɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpleɚ /

noun
Machine that plays recorded material
Person who plays a musical instrument
Person who plays games on devices
Person who plays sports

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

transparency

US / trænsˈpærənsi /

•

UK / trænsˈpɛrənsi, -ˈpær- /

noun
Quality of being open to see/to public criticism
Fact of being able to be seen through
Quality of being clear and easily understood

broadly

US / ˈbrɔ:dli /

•

UK / ˈbrɔdlɪ /

adverb
In a general (not detailed) manner

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

financial

US / faɪˈnænʃl /

•

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

adjecitve
Involving money

industrial

US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

adjecitve
Concerning making things in factories

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

specialize

US / ˈspeʃəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz /

verb
To focus on one area of a field or profession
To change to fit your environment
To name something individually

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

animal

US / ˈænɪml /

•

UK / ˈænəməl /

noun
A living creature that is not a plant or person

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

consumer

US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

noun
Person who buys goods or services

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

firm

US / fɜ:m /

•

UK / fɚm /

adjecitve
Fairly hard or solid, not soft
Unchanging and strong
noun
Company that sells goods or services
verb
To make something become more solid or durable

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

extent

US / ɪkˈstent /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnt /

noun
Point, level or limit to which something reaches
Range or space included in something

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

annual

US / ˈænjuəl /

•

UK / ˈænjuəl /

adjecitve
Happening once a year, or every year
noun
Book (in a series) released each year

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

grocery

US / 'ɡrəʊsərɪ /

•

UK / 'ɡroʊsərɪ /

noun
Daily foods such as flour, sugar, and tinned foods

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

partner

US / 'pɑ:tnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtnɚ /

noun
One you have a business/personal relationship with
Someone you have personal relationship with
verb
To join with others for work or other activity

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

iron

US / ˈaɪən /

•

UK / ˈaɪərn /

adjecitve
Being very tough, strong, and determined
noun
Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
Golf club with a metal head
Strong hard metal used to make steel
verb
To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes

independent

US / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
noun
A person not connected to a political party

index

US / ˈɪndeks /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌdɛks /

noun
Number showing how prices, wages changed over time
Written or printed (usually alphabetical) list
verb
To adjust a value/wages as other things change
To make a list of things in alphabetical order

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

unfairly

US / ʌnˈfeəlɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɛrlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is not right or does not involve equal treatment

advise

US / ədˈvaɪz /

•

UK / ædˈvaɪz /

verb
To suggest what would be helpful

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

profit

US / 'prɒfɪt /

•

UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /

noun
Benefit from doing something
Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
verb
To be a benefit to someone
To earn money from something

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

elsewhere

US / ˌelsˈweə(r) /

•

UK / ˌelsˈwer /

adverb
In, or to, another or different place

monthly

US / ˈmʌnθli /

•

UK / ˈmʌnθli /

adverb
Occurring about once every 4 weeks

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

supplier

US / səˈplaɪə(r) /

•

UK / səˈplaɪər /

noun
Organization that provides a product or service

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

ukraine

US / ju:'kreɪn /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

other
A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

brunt

US / brʌnt /

•

UK / brʌnt /

noun
The worst part or chief impact of a specified thing.

bureau

US / 'bjʊərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈbjʊro /

noun
Administrative unit of government

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

elevate

US / ˈelɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛləˌvet /

verb
To make something higher
To raise something in status, importance, feeling

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

fuel

US / 'fju:əl /

•

UK / ˈfjuəl /

noun
Material used to produce heat or power when burned
verb
To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
To provide gas or petrol for something

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

online

US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

adjecitve
Connected to the internet

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

october

US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

•

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

noun
10th month of the year

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

relationship

US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

•

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

noun
Connection between two or more people or things
Way people interact or live with each other
Romantic or loving friendship between two people

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

pleasure

US / 'pleʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈplɛʒɚ /

noun
Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

surprise

US / səˈpraɪz /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

adjecitve
That surprises you; not expected
noun
Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

plain

US / pleɪn /

•

UK / plen /

adjecitve
Obvious; clearly so, true
Very simple, ordinary; not decorated; not striped
noun
Wide open area of flat, dry land

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

telecommunication

US / ˌtelɪkəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈtɛlɪkəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Systems used in transmitting messages

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

dairy

US / ˈdeəri /

•

UK / ˈderi /

adjecitve
Concerning or made from milk
noun
Building for storing milk or making cheese/butter
Company that sells milk, cheese or butter

feeling

US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

noun
Sensation or emotion you experience
verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

opportunity

US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

noun
Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

likelihood

US / ˈlaɪklihʊd /

•

UK / ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd /

noun
Chance that something might happen

november

US / nəʊˈvembə(r) /

•

UK / noˈvɛmbɚ /

noun
11th month of the year

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

sight

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Things or people that one can see
Range or distance that someone can see
Famous places often visited by tourists
Sense that allows you to see
Act of seeing someone or something
verb
To aim (a gun) at something to get your range
To see something rare or unusual

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

decent

US / ˈdi:snt /

•

UK / ˈdisənt /

adjecitve
Being fairly good; acceptable

drumbeat

US / ˈdrʌmbiːt /

•

UK / ˈdrʌmbiːt /

other
(Military) The beating of a drum as a signal for lowering the flag at sundown
A vehement and vociferous advocacy of a cause

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

raw

US / rɔ: /

•

UK / rɔ /

adjecitve
Being uncontrolled or strong, as your emotions
Being inexperienced
Being in a natural or unchanged state
(Of skin) being red and sore on the surface
(Of foods) uncooked

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

pandemic

US / pæn'demɪk /

•

UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
noun
a pandemic disease

seriously

US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

adverb
Involving or requiring great thought or study

sharply

US / ˈʃɑ:pli /

•

UK / ˈʃɑ:rpli /

adverb
In an angry or unfriendly manner
In a sharp manner; sharply

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

accordingly

US / əˈkɔ:dɪŋli /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rdɪŋli /

adverb
Taking the situation into account; appropriately

april

US / ˈeɪprəl /

•

UK / ˈeɪprəl /

noun
4th month of the year
Person's name

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

compelling

US / kəmˈpelɪŋ /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛlɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you do, believe something; persuasive
verb
To force someone to do something

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

reasonably

US / ˈri:znəbli /

•

UK / ˈrizn:əblɪ /

adverb
To a reasonable degree; not too much
In a fair and just manner

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

mid

US / mɪd /

•

UK / mɪd /

adjecitve
At (or near) the middle point

committee

US / kəˈmɪti /

•

UK / kəˈmɪti /

noun
Group of people who do or decide something

fiction

US / ˈfɪkʃn /

•

UK / ˈfɪkʃən /

noun
Made-up stories; imagined events
False statement or account about something

fourth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔ:rθ /

noun
4th

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

close

US / kləʊz /

•

UK / kloʊz /

adjecitve
Almost; near
(Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
Being near or related
Similar; nearly the same
verb
To come progressively nearer to something
To end; to bring to an end
To make something shut; stop from being open

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

customer

US / ˈkʌstəmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌstəmɚ /

noun
Someone who buys goods or services from a business

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

derivative

US / dɪˈrɪvətɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈrɪvətɪv /

adjecitve
Not from original ideas; from somewhere else

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

nature

US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

noun
Person's character or particular way of behaving
Basic look, feel or function of something
Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

prospect

US / 'prɒspekt /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌpɛkt /

noun
Opportunity or chance for success
Person who is considered for a particular position
verb
To search for minerals such as gold or diamonds

red

US / red /

•

UK / rɛd /

adjecitve
Being the color of blood

whack

US / wæk /

•

UK / hwæk, wæk /

noun
A very heavy hit making a loud sound
verb
To hit someone or something with great force

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

angst

US / æŋst /

•

UK / ɑŋkst /

noun
Often worried or unhappy, especially about personal problems

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

cozy

US / 'kəʊzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkozi /

adjecitve
Comfortable, warm, pleasant, and often, small

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

volume

US / ˈvɒlju:m /

•

UK / ˈvɑljum, -jəm /

noun
Number or amount of something e.g. sales
Amount of space that something takes up
One book that is part of a set of books
Level of sound produced by radio or television

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

cattle

US / ˈkætl /

•

UK / ˈkætl /

noun
Cows or bulls on a farm

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

Subtitles section

High prices have many worried and others pointing the finger at businesses, which were quick to raise prices as inflation climbed.

Will they be as fast to lower as it falls?

Based on the cost of goods used to make things, falling is what they're doing.

Here's a look by the numbers.

StatsCan said the industrial product price index for goods manufactured in Canada fell 1% in May from April and 6.3% from a year before.

That's the largest price drop since October 2009, with energy and oil down 5.9%, the fourth monthly decline, and the yearly drop of 33.2%, the biggest since the start of the global pandemic lockdown.

But while prices are down from their peak, they are still way above pre-pandemic levels.

The lower price of oil had diesel down 8.5% and gas prices down 2.9%.

Meanwhile, intermediate food prices, or food that's been processed in some way, dropped 3.8% in May from April and 13.4% from last year's levels, the biggest drop on record.

Meat, fish and dairy was one category that climbed in price, up 2.2% in May and a 4.5% increase year over year.

Tight supply, especially in meat, is to blame.

Meanwhile, raw materials prices are down even more sharply, 4.9% in May from April, 18.4% lower than last year's prices.

Crude oils, 9.3% monthly and 32.9% annual drop was a big part of that, but metals also fell.

Zinc and iron ore down both about 10%.

Live animal prices were up 1.8% in May.

That was the number of feed cattle in the US falling for the eighth month in a row.

But like that industrial products price, raw materials are down from the peak, but still incredibly elevated from their pre-pandemic levels.

Bottom line though, prices are falling at the producer level raises the question, can consumers expect to see relief soon?

The relationship between what a retailer pays and what they charge is complicated.

For grocers, it could be a loaded issue with the prospect of a windfall tax on profit headed their way if it's found they're unfairly benefiting from inflation.

Carl Littler is a Senior VP of Public Affairs at the Retail Council of Canada.

Carl, thanks for being with us.

Good afternoon.

So let's start with this question of how the supply chain feeds into prices.

It did feel as though a lot of businesses were able to raise prices reasonably quickly on the way up.

Is there a kind of a similar ratio on the way down?

Should we expect to see our retail prices drop as those inflation figures come down?

Well, I think certainly competition is strong in the retail sector and strong in grocery.

You know, to the extent that you see a reduction in input costs, we would anticipate that competition will ensure that those prices are going to be adjusted accordingly.

But it is a bit of a mixed story.

I mean, some items are not coming down.

Certainly, you know, as you pointed out, fuel is down from its peak of last year, but nothing like pre-pandemic levels.

And that's true for a lot of the inputs.

Labour, of course, is not down at all.

And then you have some big uncertainties.

You know, the war in Ukraine, the invasion of Ukraine and its continuation, you know, still continues to be a big issue for grain and all of its derivatives.

Bear in mind that it's not only, you know, an input in grocery products directly, but also, of course, you know, feeds most livestock.

So those things are still very much up in the air and it takes a while for them to certainly play through the system.

It did become, of course, for many retailers, a PR problem, Karl.

We saw a real kind of sense that consumers are being ripped off here.

Is that a surprise to you, that this became sort of an issue with customers, that, you know, inflation, as you say, some of the factors were incredibly global in nature, and yet there was sort of a relationship problem that emerged?

I think we have to separate two things.

You know, obviously, consumers have had to bear the brunt of these price increases and that angst is legitimate.

And obviously, for a significant number of Canadians, you know, issues of food insecurity and financial stress, you know, even if they're not solely visited by rising food prices, are things that, you know,

We do need to care about.

And obviously, we and policymakers need to take seriously.

But, you know, if I can be frank, there was an element of opportunity in the blaming of the grocers.

There was a lot of evidence in plain sight that grocers were not taking advantage.

The StatsCan put out a kind of root causes of food inflation back in November, and they, of course, attributed it to all the global factors and some of the domestic ones.

It was not one mentioned, suggesting that their grocers were taking advantage.

And of course, if you look at the Bank of Canada study that came out the other day, it found basically that retailers broadly and grocers were a big driver of that.

We're passing on cost increases one for one, but we're not taking advantage by running up the margins.

We do have the Competition Bureau, as we understand it, will report next week on whether it sees a problem in the grocery space.

And one of the recommendations made, of course, by a committee looking at this was this tax on excess profits.

How much of a concern is that to those in the retail industry that, you know, the specter of kind of a government deciding when something is excess and what the tax should be on it?

Well, we see the likelihood of that is extremely low for a couple of reasons.

One is, you know, just to understand profitability in grocery is low.

It is a high volume, low margin business.

And so profits across the three major grocers range from 2 percent to a mid 4 percent range.

But that's on all products.

Typically, it's more like two, two and a half percent on food.

So you'd have to go through some real sort of intellectual convolutions in order to determine that that's excess profit in any standard.

Certainly, it's way lower than than most consumer facing industries and way lower than most other suppliers in the food chain.

So if you were going to look at grocery, you'd have to look elsewhere.

So that's one issue.

And then the second one is the Competition Bureau is not seizing this mandate.

This is something of a bit of a hot potato roll down the road towards it from the from the agri committee.

The agri committee did a decent job, but they didn't find evidence that grocers were taking advantage.

So they've sort of pushed off or punted, if you like, the, you know, anything to do with excess profits, which has been, you know, part of the NDP drumbeat to the Competition Bureau.

But that's never been part of the Competition Bureau's mandate.

Interesting.

All right, Carl, we've got to leave it there.

But it's great to have you for this.

Appreciate it.

Thank you.

Carl Littler is Senior VP of Public Affairs at the Retail Council of Canada.

Whether or not grocers have unfairly kept prices high could turn on this question from the Competition Bureau of whether or not there is enough competition.

It also raises the question of whether a lot of sectors are too cozy for consumers benefit in Canada.

Danny Assef is a partner at Tories who specializes in competition law.

Danny, great to have you with us.

Great to be with you, Amanda.

How are you this afternoon?

We're well.

And of course, we're all waiting for this report from the from the Bureau.

We expect it now early next week on whether or not there's enough competition among grocers.

Do you have a read on what the answer will be on that front?

We know there's only a few very large ones.

There are thousands of independent grocers.

Where do you think they come down?

Well, you know, I think they're going to come down on the fact that ultimately there is enough competition in grocery.

I mean, we're all looking and struggling and we all find it difficult when, you know, the cost of living goes up.

And when it's harder for people, for folks to make ends meet.

But in the end, we need to figure out what is actually happening, what is fact from fiction, because, again, we live we all have to live by these rules and we need transparency and rules and ultimately want the rule of law and that somebody just doesn't turns again to turn against us,

Whether it's the government, whether it's the Competition Bureau, just because there's a sense or a feeling that something is out of whack.

We need more than that.

Fair enough.

And of course, there is this kind of sense of grievance, right?

That prices are high.

It's hard to argue, though, that we have somewhat kind of protected industries in this in this country.

And we run down the list, right, of banking, telecom.

You can't say the grocers are protected, but it is a small group of large players.

Is it kind of by nature, therefore, that we might be paying more than we would if there was more open markets here?

You know, that's a real always a really good question, Amanda.

So you've highlighted something that's really important, which is, again, we look at certain industries and we think of why are they structured the way they are.

And it's important to pay attention to something you mentioned, which is protected industries.

Do we have actual rules that prevent more competition like foreign entry?

And we can debate that as a country, whether that's good or bad, whether it touches on national security.

But we always have to know that there's a cost to that.

It means you're going to have less people come into the Canadian market.

With grocery, it really isn't a protected market.

And when you think of all of the variety of options there are to buy grocery, it's hard to think of how you would really kind of corner a market.

So if you think of yourself as a consumer, right, we have things that we find convenient.

We have things that we find close.

We have all kinds of things that are important to us that make a value proposition compelling.

But ultimately, if any retailer gets a little too out of whack, like they really do charge because of their market power, not because of things out of their control, like a war or a supply chain issue,

Like really, they are trying to gouge a customer.

Yeah, I mean, are you going to sit and think, well, you know, if I have to drive an extra two minutes or five minutes or buy something online or from a smaller grocer, you're going to take that option.

And I don't I just don't see that in our community out there saying I must go like it.

You know, the Communist Soviet Union stand in a stand in a line for food.

It just doesn't have that kind of feel in my experience.

And as we advise on these issues to our clients.

So good to have your voice on this, Danny.

Appreciate it.

Always a pleasure, Amanda.

Take care.

Have a great day.

Is a partner at Tories.

Coming up, a new law in Canada makes clean air and water a right.

Will that open a legal can of worms for government?

That's still ahead.

But first, we really thought we could avoid this story.

But with red at dark for a second week, here goes.

A volunteer operated site has been hit with a stop work protest after it decided to start charging third parties for access to its data intended to capture giant software firms and AI bots.

It will also net some of the smaller players which have made Reddit function better.

Hence the protest.

It highlights the risk of a for profit business model which relies on volunteers, because if there's one truth that's hard to deny, it's you get what you pay for.

We're back after this.

Taking Stock - Inflation may be cooling in Canada

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