The "Adjacent Possible" – and How It Explains Human Innovation | Stuart Kauffman | TED
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research
US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /
•UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /
- noun
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- Work done to find or discover knowledge
- verb
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
own
US / əʊn /
•UK / on /
- adjecitve
- Belong to oneself
- determiner
- Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
- pronoun
- (Something) belong to myself
- verb
- To have something as your property
right
US / raɪt /
•UK / raɪt /
- adjecitve
- Correct or true
- The south side of you looking at the rising sun
- adverb
- Exactly in a place or time
- Being appropriate for a particular event
- In a straight or direct manner
- noun
- Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
- Ideal of what is just and good
- Political view based on conservatism
- verb
- To fix something previously wrong or unjust
- To make upright, as a boat that has turned over
guy
US / ɡaɪ /
•UK / ɡaɪ /
- noun
- Man; boy; any person
enzyme
US / ˈenzaɪm /
•UK / ˈɛnzaɪm /
- noun
- A protein made by cells
crystalline
US / 'krɪstəlaɪn /
•UK / ˈkrɪstəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn, -ˌlin /
- adjecitve
- Being clear and shining like crystal
base
US / beɪs /
•UK / bes /
- noun
- Place military personnel live, train, and operate
- Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
- Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
- Most important idea or ingredient to add others
- Origin or start from which something came
- Main place where an organization or a person works
- verb
- To use as the starting point or origin for
- To have as the main location for (company, etc.)
call
US / kɔ:l /
•UK / kɔl /
- noun
- A order or request for action
- The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
- A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
- A short visit to a place or person
- A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
- verb
- To make a request or order for action
- (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
- To announce the date of an election
- To make a judgment about something
- To give someone or something a name
- To guess in advance the result or outcome
- To visit a place or person for a short time
- To phone someone
- To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice
possibility
US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /
•UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /
- noun
- Something with a chance of happening or being true
put
US / pʊt /
•UK / pʊt /
- phrasal verb
- to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
- verb
- To move or place a thing in a particular position
- To rate something in importance or value
- To write or say something in a certain manner
among
US / əˈmʌŋ /
•UK / əˈmʌŋ /
- preposition
- In the center of several things
bed
US / bed /
•UK / bɛd /
- noun
- Flat bottom surface of a lake, ocean etc.
- A piece of furniture that people sleep on
- An area on which other things are put
- Area of ground to grow vegetables or flowers
- verb
- To have sex with someone
- To plant, fix, or attach something firmly to
age
US / eɪdʒ /
•UK / edʒ /
- verb
- To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
- To get older
- noun
- Period of time in history
- Number of years a person or thing has lived
fungal
US / ˈfʌŋgl /
•UK / ˈfʌŋɡəl /
- adjecitve
- Concerning fungi
combine
US / kəmˈbaɪn /
•UK / kəmˈbaɪn /
- verb
- To mix several things together to form one thing
delay
US / dɪˈleɪ /
•UK / dɪˈle /
- noun
- Action of being late or happening later
- verb
- To wait some amount of time before doing something
- To do something later than is planned or expected
- To stop something from happening for a time
sell
US / sel /
•UK / sɛl /
- verb
- To exchange something for money
- To persuade people to do, like or agree
guess
US / ɡes /
•UK / ɡɛs /
- noun
- Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
- verb
- To give an answer without knowing if it is correct
normal
US / 'nɔ:ml /
•UK / ˈnɔrməl /
- adjecitve
- Standard or regular way of doing something
- Having standard mental or physical ability, health
thousand
US / ˈθaʊznd /
•UK / ˈθaʊzənd /
- number
- Number 1,000
explain
US / ɪk'spleɪn /
•UK / ɪkˈsplen /
- verb
- To make clear or easy to understand by describing
point
US / pɔɪnt /
•UK / pɔɪnt /
- noun
- An item to be discussed
- Small spot or dot
- Fact or detail
- Feature of something
- The size of the text on a page or screen
- A certain time or stage in a process
- Certain position in time or space
- Idea or fact you try to convince people about
- Measurement of scores in a game, sport
- Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
- verb
- To face a certain direction, e.g. north
- To indicate something with your finger to others
while
US / waɪl /
•UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /
- conjunction
- In spite of the fact that; although
- During the time that; at the same time
- noun
- Short amount of time
actually
US / ˈæktʃuəli /
•UK / ˈæktʃuəli /
- adverb
- Used to add new (often different) information
corner
US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /
•UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /
- noun
- Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
- Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
- verb
- To force into a position impossible to escape from
- To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)
precisely
US / prɪˈsaɪsli /
•UK / prɪˈsaɪsli /
- adverb
- In an exact and accurate manner
- (Emphasizes that a statement is totally correct)
will
US / wɪl /
•UK / wɪl /
- noun
- Desire or choice of someone
- Document saying who gets your money when you die
- Strong desire to do something; determination
- Desire to do something; strong wish to do
- other
- Used with verbs to express the future
- verb
- To leave property to someone after your death
- To use mental effort to make something happen
- Am (is, are) likely to do
- To influence someone to do something
- To make something happen by strongly wanting it
walk
US / wɔ:k /
•UK / wɔk /
- noun
- Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
- verb
- To move with your legs at a slowish pace
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
fish
US / fɪʃ /
•UK / fɪʃ /
- noun
- Animal that swims and lives in water
- verb
- To go fishing with a net or hook
biosphere
US / ˈbaɪəʊsfɪə(r) /
•UK / ˈbaɪoʊsfɪr /
- noun
- Surface and atmosphere where living organisms are
deduce
US / dɪˈdju:s /
•UK / dɪˈdu:s /
- verb
- To use logic or reason to reach a conclusion
third
US / θɜ:d /
•UK / θɜ:rd /
- adjecitve
- 3rd: Number after second
tablet
US / 'tæblət /
•UK / ˈtæblɪt /
- noun
- Small hand-held computer with a touch screen
- Small round piece of medicine which is swallowed
- Flat block of stone with writing or marks
wait
US / weɪt /
•UK / wet /
- verb
- To delay or not do something until later
- To spend time until an expected thing happens
- To remain in a place until a thing happens
thermoregulation
US / /
•UK / /
- noun
after
US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /
•UK / ˈæftɚ /
- adverb
- Later than another time, or behind something
- conjunction
- Following something before
- preposition
- When an event happened or time has passed
write
US / raɪt /
•UK / raɪt /
- verb
- To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
- To invent or create a computer program
- To create a song or piece of music
upward
US / ˈʌpwəd /
•UK / ˈʌpwərd /
- adjecitve
- Toward some higher point or position
lady
US / 'leɪdɪ /
•UK / ˈledi /
- noun
- Another way of saying 'woman'
- Official title of a woman with high social rank
novel
US / 'nɒvl /
•UK / ˈnɑvəl /
- adjecitve
- Unusual and new or different from previous things
- noun
- Written fiction story
true
US / tru: /
•UK / tru: /
- adjecitve
- Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual
shallow
US / 'ʃæləʊ /
•UK / ˈʃælo /
- adjecitve
- Not deep; short from top to bottom
- Lacking interest in serious things; superficial
try
US / traɪ /
•UK / traɪ /
- noun
- Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
- verb
- To make an effort, to attempt to do something
- To examine someone or something in a court of law
- To test to see if it is good or you like it
- To make a person go through hardship; test
- To examine something to see if it works
crossbow
US / ˈkrɒsbəʊ /
•UK / ˈkrɔ:sboʊ /
- noun
- Medieval bow where arrow is fired with great force
million
US / ˈmɪljən /
•UK / ˈmɪljən /
- number
- 1,000,000
story
US / 'stɔ:rɪ /
•UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /
- noun
- One of many floors or levels in a building
- Account or description of how something happened
science
US / 'saɪəns /
•UK / ˈsaɪəns /
- noun
- Study of the physical world, based on facts
day
US / deɪ /
•UK / de /
- noun
- A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
- The period of time when it is light outside
- Person's name
always
US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /
•UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /
- adverb
- For a very long time
- At all times; in every situation
- For ever
once
US / wʌns /
•UK / wʌns /
- adverb
- One time; one instance
- At a time in the past
- conjunction
- When; as soon as
hockey
US / ˈhɒki /
•UK / ˈhɑ:ki /
- noun
- Sport played on a field with sticks and a ball
publish
US / 'pʌblɪʃ /
•UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /
- verb
- To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
- To release information to the general public
tool
US / tu:l /
•UK / tul /
- noun
- Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
- verb
- To provide a workshop with the right equipment
vertically
US / 'vɜ:tɪklɪ /
•UK / ˈvə:tɪkl:ɪ /
- adverb
- In an up and down position
use
US / ju:s /
•UK / ju:s /
- noun
- Ability to employ something
- Need to enable it to work
- Permission to do something with something
- Act of spending money
- Operation of a machine for its function
- verb
- To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
- To need to operate or work
- To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
- To treat a person badly
- To do something with, for a task or purpose
bacterium
US / bæk'tɪərɪəm /
•UK / bækˈtɪriəm /
- noun
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
stick
US / stɪk /
•UK / stɪk /
- noun
- Long thin piece of wood from a tree
- verb
- To push a sharp or pointed object into something
- To join together using glue or paste
- To remain in one place or position for a long time
four
US / fɔ:(r) /
•UK / fɔr, for /
- number
- 4
new
US / nju: /
•UK / nu, nju /
- adjecitve
- Not old, recently born, built or made
- Being or doing something for the first time
- Not felt, seen or known previously
- Having been recently bought or obtained
knitting
US / ˈnɪtɪŋ /
•UK / ˈnɪtɪŋ /
- verb
- To join or be joined closely together
- To make clothing by joining strands of wool
here
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- adverb
- In this place; at this location, position or time
paperweight
US / ˈpeɪpəweɪt /
•UK / ˈpepɚˌwet /
- noun
- Weight used to hold down a stack of papers
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
forever
US / fər'evə(r) /
•UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /
- adverb
- For all future time; in the future
anything
US / ˈeniθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /
- pronoun
- A thing of any kind
flat
US / flæt /
•UK / flæt /
- adjecitve
- Level; even; without curves or bumps
- Lifeless; lacking energy or vitality
- adverb
- In a certain, direct or absolute manner
- Against a surface without lifting or curving away
- noun
- Apartment; set of rooms for living in
- The smooth or level part of something
- Musical tone lower than another by a small degree
- verb
- To share an apartment with someone
complex
US / 'kɒmpleks /
•UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /
- adjecitve
- Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
- noun
- Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
- Psychological issue regarding self-image
where
US / hwɛə /
•UK / hwɛr, wɛr /
- conjunction
- At or in the place which
- In whatever place
- pronoun
- Word you use to ask the location of something
another
US / əˈnʌðə(r) /
•UK / əˈnʌðɚ /
- adjecitve
- One more, but not this
- determiner
- One more added
- pronoun
- One more (thing)
keep
US / ki:p /
•UK / kip /
- noun
- Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
- Money spent on you so you can live in a place
- verb
- To continue doing something; not to stop
- To stop balls going in a goal in sports
- To not give back or return something
- (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
- To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
- To have and continue to hold something
- To do something that you have promised or agreed
- To stay in a certain place or condition
- To maintain the rules
ranger
US / ˈreɪndʒə(r) /
•UK / ˈrendʒɚ /
- noun
- Official who manages and protects a park or forest
any
US / 'enɪ /
•UK / ˈɛni /
- adjecitve
- One, or some, no matter which
- pronoun
- One (thing) of many; some
only
US / ˈəunli /
•UK / ˈonli /
- adverb
- Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
- Not very important or serious
- Just that type of thing, person
- Short time ago; not before a certain time
- conjunction
- Except; but
wonderful
US / ˈwʌndəfl /
•UK / 'wʌndərfl /
- adjecitve
- Producing feelings of enjoyment or delight
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
press
US / pres /
•UK / prɛs /
- noun
- Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
- General term for TV, radio, newspapers
- A machine that prints books and newspapers
- verb
- To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
- To repeatedly ask someone to do something
- To print something such as a book or newspaper
- To push something against something else
- To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.
two
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- number
- 2
logarithm
US / ˈlɒgərɪðəm /
•UK / ˈlɔ:gərɪðəm /
- noun
- Exponent required to produce a given number
something
US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
- adverb
- In some degree or measure
- noun
- a person or thing of some value or consequence
- pronoun
- Thing that is not yet known or named
- Approximately
hope
US / həʊp /
•UK / hop /
- noun
- When you wish something will happen; what you wish
- verb
- To expect and want something to happen
out
US / aʊt /
•UK / aʊt /
- adverb
- No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
- Away from home, business, or the usual place
- In a direction/movement away from inside or center
- noun
- Act when a batter cannot continue playing
- verb
- To tell people a secret
seed
US / si:d /
•UK / sid /
- noun
- A person's children; offspring
- Part of a plant used to grow more on them
- Source of a feeling or thought
- Top-ranked person in a competition, e.g. in tennis
- verb
- (Of plants) to produce seeds for the future
- To produce seeds, as a plant
- To remove the center part from a fruit or vegetable
- To be the source of a feeling or thought
- To plant seeds in the ground
ton
US / tʌn /
•UK / tʌn /
- noun
- Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)
particular
US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /
•UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /
- adjecitve
- One specific (one)
- Having firm ideas about what is desirable
- Being special or more than is typical
mathematic
US / ˌmæθɪ'mætɪk /
•UK / ˌmæθə'mætɪk /
- other
beyond
US / bɪ'jɒnd /
•UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /
- adverb
- On or to the farther side
- In addition to
- preposition
- Later in time than
- Out of the limits of
most
US / məʊst /
•UK / most /
- adverb
- Very; extremely
- Greatest possible degree
- pronoun
- Nearly all of something
heraclitus
US / /
•UK / /
- proper noun
- (c.500 BC), Greek philosopher. He believed that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence
over
US / 'əʊvə(r) /
•UK / ˈovɚ /
- adverb
- Finished; no longer happening
- Towards the ground/away from a standing position
- noun
- A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
- other
- Finished
- preposition
- Showing the relation when a thing is above another
- On or covering something
- Above or across something
- More than you need
- From one side to the other
- In the direction of; toward
present
US / 'preznt /
•UK / ˈprɛznt /
- adjecitve
- Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
- noun
- Gift
- Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
- Current time; now
- verb
- To introduce someone to others
- To host a program on television or radio
- To give a speech or presentation
- To show something to someone who will examine it
- To appear or happen
- To give an award or prize to someone
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
cell
US / sel /
•UK / sɛl /
- noun
- Smallest unit of living things in biology
- Group of people - often from a secret organization
- Prisoner's room in a jail
- Shortened form of 'cellphone'
get
US / ɡet /
•UK / ɡɛt /
- verb
- To become affected by illness or disease
- To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
- To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
- To go somewhere to obtain something
- To (cause to) do a particular thing
- To obtain, receive or be given something
- To currently have
- To prepare for use
- To understand something being said or read
sustain
US / sə'steɪn /
•UK / səˈsten /
- verb
- To lengthen or continue to do something
- To support or maintain someone or something
- To suffer something damaging or bad
even
US / 'i:vn /
•UK / ˈivən /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
- Being divided equally or fairly
- (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
- Smooth, level, or regular
- Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
- At a regular, equally steady manner
- Remaining steady and unchanging
- adverb
- (When this is surprising) as well; too
- (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
- verb
- To make something level; to flatten
- To make something equal
block
US / blɒk /
•UK / blɑk /
- noun
- Solid piece of material used for building
- A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
- Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
- Building made up of offices or apartments
- Area of a city divided by four streets
- verb
- To stop from going forward or making progress
emerge
US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /
•UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /
- verb
- To rise or appear out of some background
mix
US / mɪks /
•UK / mɪks /
- noun
- A combination of more than two things
- verb
- To combine two or more things to make one
- To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
existence
US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /
•UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /
- noun
- State of being present, alive or real
adjacent
US / əˈdʒeɪsnt /
•UK / əˈdʒesənt /
- adjecitve
- Being close or near to a border, wall, or point
putty
US / 'pʌtɪ /
•UK / ˈpʌti /
- noun
- Soft substance for fixing glass in windows, etc.
highway
US / 'haɪweɪ /
•UK / ˈhaɪˌwe /
- noun
- Main road connecting places
slowly
US / ˈsləʊli /
•UK / ˈsloʊli /
- adverb
- In an unhurried or not speedy manner
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
homo
US / 'hɒməʊ /
•UK / 'hoʊmoʊ /
- noun
- Slightly offensive term for a homosexual
place
US / pleɪs /
•UK / ples /
- noun
- Particular location, area or region
- verb
- To put someone in a particular type of situation
- To put something in a certain location or position
fundamentally
US / ˌfʌndəˈmentəli /
•UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl:ɪ /
- adverb
- In a basic and important way
she
US / ʃɪ /
•UK / ʃi /
- pronoun
- Female person or animal mentioned before
- (Refers to female person mentioned before)
great
US / ɡreɪt /
•UK / ɡret /
- adjecitve
- Very large in size
- Very important
- Very good; fantastic; wonderful
- adverb
- Very good; better than before
- noun
- Successful and well-admired person
phase
US / feɪz /
•UK / fez /
- noun
- Different stages of the moon from new to full
- Distinct part or step in a process
- One stage of a process or series of stages
- verb
- To make happen in a gradual ordered way
wine
US / waɪn /
•UK / waɪn /
- adjecitve
- Dark red color
- noun
- Alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes
superb
US / su:ˈpɜ:b /
•UK / su:ˈpɜ:rb /
- adjecitve
- Extremely good
type
US / taɪp /
•UK / taɪp /
- noun
- Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
- Group of things or people sharing common features
- verb
- To identify something belonging to a group
- To write by touching keys on a keyboard
interesting
US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /
•UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /
- adjecitve
- Taking your attention; making you want to know
- verb
- To make someone want to know about something
- To persuade to do, become involved with something
compost
US / 'kɒmpɒst /
•UK / ˈkɑmˌpost /
- noun
- Dead plants, leaves or grass, used as fertilizer
- verb
- To make dead plants, leaves etc. into fertilizer
eye
US / aɪ /
•UK / aɪ /
- noun
- The part of the body that you see with
- The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
- Hole at the end of a needle
- verb
- To watch or study something closely
then
US / ðen /
•UK / ðɛn /
- adverb
- A time that is not now
- Following another thing in time or arrangement
- Following on reasonably from what was just stated
- At that time, not now
degradation
US / ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn /
•UK / ˌdɛɡrəˈdeʃən /
- noun
- Reduction in quality or character
- Act of treating someone without respect
example
US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /
•UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /
- noun
- Thing, person which represents a category
fire
US / 'faɪə(r) /
•UK / faɪr /
- noun
- Heat and the flame produced when burning
- Intense energy for or about something
- verb
- To apply heat to something to make it hard
- To make a person leave their job; dismiss
- To shoot a gun or weapon
- To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
- To start working on something e.g. a project
happen
US / 'hæpən /
•UK / ˈhæpən /
- verb
- To take place or occur
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
number
US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /
•UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /
- noun
- Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
- Particular song or dance performed during a show
- Total quantity or amount of things
- verb
- To put numbers on things
- To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
- To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set
watch
US / wɒtʃ /
•UK / wɑtʃ /
- noun
- Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
- Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
- Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
- verb
- To keep in check, manage, or control something
- To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
- To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
- To look at carefully to work out what is happening
- To protect and care for someone or something
profit
US / 'prɒfɪt /
•UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /
- noun
- Benefit from doing something
- Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
- verb
- To be a benefit to someone
- To earn money from something
nothing
US / 'nʌθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /
- noun
- Item of little or no value, importance, interest
- Number or value of zero
- pronoun
- Not anything, not a single thing
solve
US / sɒlv /
•UK / sɑ:lv /
- verb
- To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem
mean
US / mi:n /
•UK / min /
- adjecitve
- Being good at
- Nasty; unkind
- Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
- noun
- Average of a set of numbers
- verb
- To express a particular idea or thought
- To intend to do something in particular
- To have a particular meaning or value
usefully
US / ˈjuːsfəli /
•UK / ˈjuːsfəli /
- adverb
- In a useful manner; profitably
causal
US / ˈkɔ:zl /
•UK / ˈkɔzəl /
- adjecitve
- Showing the direct reason for something
first
US / fɜ:st /
•UK / fɚst /
- adjecitve
- 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
- noun
- Something that has not happened before
- Position of the winner of a competition
bow
US / baʊ /
•UK / bo /
- noun
- Wooden weapon made to shoot arrows
- Front part of a boat
- Knot with two loops used to tie shoelaces, etc.
- Wood tool with horse hair used to play a violin
- verb
- To (cause to) curve or bend
- To bend forward at waist in order to show respect
movable
US / ˈmu:vəbl /
•UK / ˈmuvəbəl /
- adjecitve
- Can be moved from place to place
helicopter
US / 'helɪkɒptə(r) /
•UK / ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ /
- noun
- Aircraft with spinning blades at the top
- verb
- To transport by helicopter
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
news
US / nju:z /
•UK / nu:z /
- noun
- Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
- Information about recent events
talk
US / tɔ:k /
•UK / tɔk /
- noun
- Style of speaking
- Discussion between two countries
- Giving information in front of people; lecture
- Saying things or ideas to someone with words
- verb
- To make a formal speech about something
- To say things or ideas to someone with words
set
US / set /
•UK / sɛt /
- adjecitve
- Prepared for something; ready
- noun
- Complete group of something
- Place where a television show or movie is filmed
- Group of games in a tennis match
- Device that receives radio or television signals
- verb
- To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
- To decide upon or choose something
- To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
- To decide on a price for something
- To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
- To be located in a specific place or time
- To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
- To put someone in a certain condition or state
- (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon
time
US / taɪm /
•UK / taɪm /
- noun
- Speed at which music is played; tempo
- Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
- Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
- Occasion when something happens
- Period or occasion that something occurred
- Period in history or the past
- Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
- How long an event takes; duration
- verb
- To check speed at which music is performed
- To choose a specific moment to do something
- To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
- To schedule something to occur at a specific moment
explode
US / ɪk'spləʊd /
•UK / ɪkˈsplod /
- verb
- To express an emotion in a sudden and loud way
- To increase in number or amount very quickly
- To burst or cause to burst into pieces
afterwards
US / 'ɑ:ftəwədz /
•UK / 'æftərwərdz /
- adverb
- At a time after something else already mentioned
never
US / 'nevə(r) /
•UK / ˈnɛvɚ /
- adverb
- Not ever; not at any time
since
US / sɪns /
•UK / sɪns /
- adverb
- At a point before the present time
- conjunction
- For this reason; because
- preposition
- From the time in the past that
quantum
US / ˈkwɒntəm /
•UK / ˈkwɑ:ntəm /
- noun
- The smallest unit or amount of energy
television
US / ˈtelɪvɪʒn /
•UK / ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən /
- noun
- Device that broadcasts programs, movies or show
worth
US / wɜ:θ /
•UK / wɚθ /
- other
- the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
- having a particular value, especially in money
mop
US / mɒp /
•UK / mɑp /
- noun
- Sponge or cloth on long handle, for washing floor
- verb
- To rub, scrub, clean or wipe with a mop
complement
US / ˈkɒmplɪment /
•UK / ˈkɑ:mplɪment /
- noun
- (Linguistics) set of words completing a sentence
- Something needed to complete or make perfect
- verb
- To go with so as to make the whole complete
well
US / wel /
•UK / wɛl /
- adjecitve
- Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
- Healthy and in good condition
- adverb
- In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
- In a complete, total, or full manner
- A great and considerable degree
- In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
- exclamation
- Used to begin or continue a particular statement
- Used to show you want to start saying something
- Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
- You say this to change the topic of a conversation
- Used to indicate you are making a final remark
- noun
- Long deep hole in the ground to get water
- verb
- To cause your eyes to fill with tears
purse
US / pɜ:s /
•UK / pɚs /
- noun
- Small bag for carrying money and other things
- verb
- To make your lips into a kiss shape
lunch
US / lʌntʃ /
•UK / lʌntʃ /
- noun
- Light meal eaten in the middle of the day
- verb
- To eat a meal during the middle of the day
microwave
US / ˈmaɪkrəweɪv /
•UK / ˈmaɪkrəˌwev /
- noun
- Cooking appliance using electromagnetic waves
- Concerning electromagnetic radiation
- verb
- To heat or cook something in a microwave
earth
US / ɜ:θ /
•UK / ɚθ /
- noun
- Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
- The planet we live on
- Soil in which we grow plants
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
fact
US / fækt /
•UK / fækt /
- noun
- Something that is known or proved to be true
bubble
US / ˈbʌbl /
•UK / ˈbʌbəl /
- noun
- A small ball of air inside of a liquid
- verb
- (Of a liquid) to produce bubbles, as when boiling
- To show intense emotion, e.g. excitement, anger
sharp
US / ʃɑ:p /
•UK / ʃɑrp /
- adjecitve
- Being very clear and easy to see
- (Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
- Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
- Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
- Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
- Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
- adverb
- At precisely the time given
- Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
- noun
- Person's name
- A musical tone
pair
US / peə(r) /
•UK / per /
- noun
- Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
- Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
- verb
- To put two things or people together
middle
US / 'mɪdl /
•UK / ˈmidl /
- adjecitve
- Equal distance from extremes
- noun
- Place that is halfway between two things
eight
US / eɪt /
•UK / et /
- number
- 8
computer
US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /
•UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /
- noun
- Machine for storing data, accessing the internet
land
US / lænd /
•UK / lænd /
- noun
- Region or country
- Earth; the ground
- verb
- To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
- To obtain or get something that you wanted
- To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
- To cause to arrive in a specific place or state
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
equation
US / ɪˈkweɪʒn /
•UK / ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən /
- noun
- Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
- Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues
line
US / laɪn /
•UK / laɪn /
- noun
- Border that divides two places or regions
- Long crease in the skin, often from age
- Mark that is long, straight and very thin
- Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
- Telephone connection
- People waiting one behind the other; queue
- Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
- verb
- To put material along the inside of something
sound
US / saʊnd /
•UK / saʊnd /
- adjecitve
- Sensible, dependable and reliable
- Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
- Firm or solid in structure
- Sane; not mentally ill
- Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
- noun
- Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
- Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
- verb
- To seem or appear to be, from what was said
- To say in a clear deliberate manner
- To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell
few
US / fju: /
•UK / fju /
- pronoun
- Not many, a small number
infinity
US / ɪn'fɪnətɪ /
•UK / ɪnˈfɪnɪti /
- noun
- State of being without end; endless time, space
much
US / mʌtʃ /
•UK / mʌtʃ /
- adjecitve
- Very; to a high level or degree
- adverb
- A lot; large amount; a high degree of
- Nearly; basically
- On many occasions; often
- noun
- A large amount; a great quantity
chariot
US / 'tʃærɪət /
•UK / ˈtʃæriət /
- noun
- Ancient battle vehicle driven by standing soldier
mesopotamia
US / ˌmesəupəˈteimjə /
•UK / ˌmɛsəpəˈtemiə /
- other
- Land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now kn
soil
US / sɔɪl /
•UK / sɔɪl /
- noun
- Conditions in which something develops
- Mix of natural material in which plants grow
- Land of a certain country
- verb
- To get or become dirty
job
US / dʒɒb /
•UK / dʒɑ:b /
- noun
- Something that must be done
- Regular work at which you earn money
period
US / ˈpɪəriəd /
•UK / ˈpɪriəd /
- noun
- Set amount of time during which events take place
- A way to emphasize what you will say
- A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
- A menstrual cycle
- A set time for a class to be held
acceleration
US / əkˌseləˈreɪʃn /
•UK / ækˌsɛləˈreʃən /
- noun
- Increase in the speed or rate of something
evolve
US / ɪ'vɒlv /
•UK / ɪˈvɑlv /
- verb
- To develop certain features
- To develop or change slowly over time
- To slowly change or develop into something better
flight
US / flaɪt /
•UK / flaɪt /
- noun
- Act of leaving a place, usually to escape danger
- Trip by plane, helicopter etc.
finite
US / ˈfaɪnaɪt /
•UK / ˈfaɪˌnaɪt /
- adjecitve
- Having limits; lasting for a limited time
range
US / reɪndʒ /
•UK / rendʒ /
- noun
- Cooking stove with multiple burners
- Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
- Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
- Group or chain of mountains
- Set of things with something in common
- Limits within which something extends or varies
- A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
- verb
- To cover an area from one point to another
- To extend to or vary within given limits
- To put things in a row or in line
- To wander or explore
really
US / ˈri:əli /
•UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /
- adverb
- Used to stress something that is said; definitely
- In a true or accurate manner
- Very
physics
US / ˈfɪzɪks /
•UK / ˈfɪzɪks /
- other
- The study of heat, light, and energy on objects
maybe
US / ˈmeɪbi /
•UK / ˈmebi /
- adverb
- Possibly but not certainly; perhaps
africa
US / 'æfrɪkə /
•UK / ˈæfrɪkə /
- noun
- Continent between the Atlantic and Indian oceans
planet
US / 'plænɪt /
•UK / ˈplænɪt /
- noun
- One of the bodies that orbit the sun
pattern
US / 'pætn /
•UK / ˈpætən /
- noun
- Model to follow in making or doing something
- Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
- Regular repeated behavior
- verb
- To copy the way something else is made
stone
US / stəʊn /
•UK / stoʊn /
- noun
- Hard, solid piece of rock
- verb
- To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at
south
US / saʊθ /
•UK / saʊθ /
- adjecitve
- Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
- Coming from the opposite direction from north
- noun
- The direction to your right of the rising sun
pandemic
US / pæn'demɪk /
•UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /
- adjecitve
- (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
- noun
- a pandemic disease
gentleman
US / 'dʒentlmən /
•UK / ˈdʒɛntlmən /
- noun
- Man who has good manners and is considerate
our
US / 'aʊə(r) /
•UK / aʊr /
- determiner
- Belonging to us
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
fossil
US / 'fɒsl /
•UK / ˈfɑsəl /
- noun
- Plant or animal that became rock after many years
whole
US / həul /
•UK / hol /
- adjecitve
- Complete or full; all of
- Being in a good condition
- noun
- Complete amount or sum; total
quite
US / kwaɪt /
•UK / kwaɪt /
- adverb
- Not very; fairly
- Very; In a complete or total manner
life
US / laɪf /
•UK / laɪf /
- noun
- All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
- Period of time things live, from birth to death
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
clockwork
US / ˈklɔkˌwɜ:k /
•UK / ˈklɑkˌwə:k /
- noun
- Any mechanism of geared wheels driven by a spring
same
US / seɪm /
•UK / sem /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in quality and amount
- Identical; not different
- Not changing; constant
food
US / fu:d /
•UK / fud /
- noun
- What people and animals eat to live
- Things taken in by plants to maintain life
- A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian
radio
US / ˈreɪdiəʊ /
•UK / ˈreɪdioʊ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the broadcasting of sound
- noun
- System of sending/receiving signals through air
- Device to listen to broadcast programs, messages
- verb
- To broadcast a message to be heard by radio
clay
US / kleɪ /
•UK / kle /
- noun
- Heavy sticky earth used to make pottery
- Person's name
color
US / 'kʌlə(r) /
•UK / ˈkʌlɚ /
- noun
- Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
- Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
- The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
- verb
- To change or affect someone's opinion
- To make something colorful using colored pencils
single
US / 'sɪŋɡl /
•UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /
- adjecitve
- Being one only, without others
- Only; merely
- Not married or in a relationship
- noun
- One run in cricket or a hit baseball
- An individual song from a CD or album
- Person who is not married or in a relationship
become
US / bɪ'kʌm /
•UK / bɪˈkʌm /
- verb
- To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
- To be suitable for a particular job or role
stunning
US / ˈstʌnɪŋ /
•UK / ˈstʌnɪŋ /
- adjecitve
- Causing amazement, e.g. because so very good
- verb
- To greatly shock or surprise; totally amaze
- To incapacitate using a special gun
now
US / naʊ /
•UK / naʊ /
- adverb
- At the present time or moment
- Right away or in the next possible moment
- Used to refer to something that just happened
- Time between the present and a moment in the past
- conjunction
- Resulting from or because of something
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
wire
US / 'waɪə(r) /
•UK / waɪr /
- noun
- Thin, flexible thread of metal
- Thin string of metal used to carry electricity
- Act of sending a message by telegraph
- verb
- To connect two or more things together with cable
- To send money to someone electronically
- To send or send word to by telegraph
size
US / saɪz /
•UK / saɪz /
- noun
- How big or small a thing is
- Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
- verb
- To make something to fit a particular measurement
- To organize or group from small to large
horizontal
US / ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl /
•UK / ˌhɔ:rəˈzɑ:ntl /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the horizon
- A level and flat position
scale
US / skeɪl /
•UK / skel /
- noun
- Size, level, or amount when compared
- Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
- Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
- Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
- Dimensions or size of something
- verb
- To change the size of but keep the proportions
- To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
- To remove the scales of a fish
demonstrate
US / 'demənstreɪt /
•UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /
- verb
- To display a feeling or ability openly
- To protest about something often as a group
- To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
- To show how something works (e.g. product)
lone
US / ləʊn /
•UK / lon /
- adjecitve
- Being alone or the only one; single
organ
US / 'ɔ:ɡən /
•UK / ˈɔrɡən /
- noun
- Part of a person's body with a particular function
- Large institution or body
- Large wind instrument similar to a piano
coat
US / kəʊt /
•UK / koʊt /
- noun
- Clothing worn outside over your normal clothes
- verb
- To cover something thinly with something
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
landscape
US / 'lændskeɪp /
•UK / ˈlændˌskep /
- noun
- Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
- Picture of natural scenery in a place
- View of a (beautiful) country area or scene
- verb
- To make gardens that improve an area of land
good
US / ɡʊd /
•UK / ɡʊd /
- adjecitve
- Proper, appropriate or right
- (Of an amount) enough; plenty
- Excellent; high quality
- Acting well or properly; of moral character
- In a positive or happy emotional state
- noun
- Advantage or benefit
cut
US / kʌt /
•UK / kʌt /
- noun
- Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
- Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
- A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
- verb
- To reduce the size or amount of something
- To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces
scrape
US / skreɪp /
•UK / skrep /
- noun
- Bad or unpleasant incident
- other
- To move roughly across the surface of something
- verb
- To take something off a surface with a sharp tool
- To damage the surface by moving something roughly
- To remove something by roughly brushing it off
niche
US / nɪtʃ /
•UK / ni:ʃ /
- noun
- Small part of a market representing an opportunity
- Area with all specific plant/animal needs to live
- A specialized business, job or activity
- Space cut into a wall, as to display a statue
mechanic
US / məˈkænɪk /
•UK / mɪˈkænɪk /
- noun
- A person who looks after/works with machinery
between
US / bɪˈtwi:n /
•UK / bɪˈtwin /
- preposition
- From one person, thing, or place, to another
- In the space that separates two objects
- Among two or more people who share something
vote
US / vəʊt /
•UK / vot /
- noun
- Act of deciding who to choose in an election
- verb
- To make a choice for or against, as in an election
space
US / speɪs /
•UK / spes /
- noun
- Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
- Empty area with nothing in it
- Area in the sky where the stars are
- Area between written words on a page
- verb
- To make a certain distance or time between
its
US / ɪts /
•UK / ɪts /
- adjecitve
- Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
- determiner
- Of something; belonging or related to something
- other
- Possessive form of “it”
take
US / teɪk /
•UK / tek /
- noun
- Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
- verb
- To accept something that is offered
- To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
- To use a camera to make (a photo)
- To pick up something and go away with it
- To study a subject in school
- To attempt to pass (an exam)
- To require a certain amount of time, money, space
lived
US / 'lɪvd /
•UK / 'lɪvd /
- verb
- To be alive
- To experience a particular type of life
- To make your home in a house or town
work
US / wɜ:k /
•UK / wɚk /
- adjecitve
- Activity completed in order to make money
- noun
- The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
- Everything created by an author, artist, musician
- Activity you do in order to make money
- Place of employment
- Final product or result of a some labor or effort
- verb
- To bring into a specific state of success
- To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
- To do your job in your company or workplace
- To make an effort to do something
- To operate a machine or device
theory
US / ˈθiəri /
•UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /
- noun
- Ideas or principles that explain facts or events
change
US / tʃeɪndʒ /
•UK / tʃendʒ /
- noun
- Exchange of one set of clothes for another
- Money in the form of coins instead of paper
- Money returned after giving too much
- Act of making or becoming something else
- verb
- To exchange one set of clothes for another
- To exchange one kind of money for another
- To replace something with another thing
- To make or become something else
- To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another
gentle
US / 'dʒentl /
•UK / ˈdʒɛntl /
- adjecitve
- Kind and quiet in nature; not harsh or violent
nature
US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈnetʃɚ /
- noun
- Person's character or particular way of behaving
- Basic look, feel or function of something
- Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks
erectus
US / ɪˈrekʃn /
•UK / ɪˈrɛkʃən /
way
US / weɪ /
•UK / we /
- adverb
- Used to emphasize the amount of something
- noun
- Particular aspect of something being thought about
- One of various choices that could be made
- Particular existing condition or state
- (Often long) distance or length of time
- How something is done
- Route to go to a place
- Small street
- Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone
very
US / 'verɪ /
•UK / ˈvɛri /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a large degree or amount
- adverb
- A lot; much; many
- Used to stress or emphasize a noun
heart
US / hɑ:t /
•UK / hɑrt /
- noun
- A feeling of care for others; compassion
- Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
- Be cheerfully encouraging
- Most essential, important, or central part
- Referring to a promise or something important
- State or feelings of affection or deep love
- Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
- The part of the body that pumps blood
- Place where emotions are believed to be felt
- A shape that represents love
feature
US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈfitʃɚ /
- adjecitve
- Main; important
- noun
- Special report in a magazine or paper
- Distinctive or important point of something
- verb
- To highlight or give special importance to
show
US / ʃəʊ /
•UK / ʃo /
- noun
- False display of love, emotion or action
- An event for displaying or promoting goods
- Play, opera or theater production
- Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
- verb
- To be easily seen or displayed
- To display your emotions or feelings
- To let someone see something; display
- To explain or teach how something is done
- To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
- To prove something to be true, correct
- To reveal or allow something to be seen
flake
US / fleɪk /
•UK / flek /
- noun
- Thin and very small piece of something
- Person you think is slightly mad
- verb
- To break off into small pieces
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
peel
US / pi:l /
•UK / pil /
- noun
- Outer covering, or skin, of a piece of fruit
- verb
- To remove the outer skin of something, e.g. fruit
- To remove the cover or outer layer from something
- To lose an outer or top layer, as of skin
drill
US / drɪl /
•UK / drɪl /
- noun
- A machine that makes holes with a metal bit
- Exercise done to learn military skills
- Disciplined practice, as of soldiers marching
- verb
- To make a deep hole to find oil, gas etc.
- To put a hole in something by using a boring tool
- To train in something through repetition
pretty
US / 'prɪtɪ /
•UK / ˈprɪti /
- adjecitve
- Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
- adverb
- Very; to a great degree
drop
US / drɒp /
•UK / drɑp /
- noun
- Distance between a higher and a lower level
- Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
- A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
- Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
- verb
- To drive someone to a place and then drive away
- To let something fall from your hand
- To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
- To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
- To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality
paper
US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /
•UK / ˈpeɪpər /
- adjecitve
- Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
- Made from the material that we use to make books
- noun
- Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
- Written test
- Newspaper
- Pages of a book are made from this
pressure
US / 'preʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /
- noun
- Anxiety caused by difficult problems
- Force, weight when pressing against a thing
- Strong persuasion to do something
- verb
- To apply force to something
- To persuade or force someone to do something
terribly
US / ˈterəbli /
•UK / ˈtɛrəbli /
- adverb
- To an extreme degree; badly; very
tap
US / tæp /
•UK / tæp /
- noun
- Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
- Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
- verb
- To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
- To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
- To spy one someone electronically
- To hit something or someone lightly
- To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground
burst
US / bɜ:st /
•UK / bɚst /
- noun
- Brief time period when something happens and ends
- verb
- To move (arrive, exit, etc.) suddenly or hurriedly
- To break apart/open in a sudden and violent way
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
billion
US / ˈbɪljən /
•UK / ˈbɪljən /
- noun
- Number 1,000,000,000
look
US / lʊk /
•UK / lʊk /
- noun
- Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
- Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
- The way someone, something appears to be
- Act of searching for or examining something
- verb
- To appear to be; seem
thank
US / θæŋk /
•UK / θæŋk /
- verb
- To tell someone you are grateful to them
possible
US / ˈpɒsəbl /
•UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /
- adjecitve
- Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
- Having a chance of happening, or being true
fill
US / fɪl /
•UK / fɪl /
- noun
- Act of filling; amount used to make something full
- verb
- To make something full
- To move into all parts of an area
- To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
- To use (time); to do something during
signature
US / ˈsɪgnətʃə(r) /
•UK / ˈsɪɡnətʃɚ /
- adjecitve
- Something that represents a person's work or style
- noun
- Person's name written in their handwriting
dioxide
US / daɪˈɒksaɪd /
•UK / daɪˈɑksaɪd /
- noun
- An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
engine
US / 'endʒɪn /
•UK / ˈɛndʒɪn /
- noun
- Machine that changes energy into mechanical motion
- The part of a train that pulls railway cars
daughter
US / ˈdɔ:tə(r) /
•UK / ˈdɔtɚ /
- adjecitve
- (Of a company) being a subsidiary of another firm
- noun
- A female child of someone
human
US / 'hju:mən /
•UK / ˈhjumən /
- adjecitve
- Concerning or characteristic of people
- noun
- A person; a man, woman or child
ago
US / əˈgəʊ /
•UK / əˈgoʊ /
- adverb
- At a specified length of time in the past
fundamental
US / ˌfʌndəˈmentl /
•UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl /
- adjecitve
- Forming a necessary part, base, or core
- noun
- A basic part of something
- (Music) the lowest note in a harmony
creativity
US / ˌkri:eɪ'tɪvətɪ /
•UK / ˌkrieˈtɪvətɪ /
- noun
- Ability to imagine new ideas
screw
US / skru: /
•UK / skru /
- noun
- Long metal nail with a spiral thread
- verb
- To cheat someone, as out of money/property
- To close something by turning it into place
- To attach things together by twisting
- To twist something out of shape, e.g. paper
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
mathematical
US / ˌmæθə'mætɪkl /
•UK / ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Concerning numbers and equations
deduction
US / dɪˈdʌkʃn /
•UK / dɪˈdʌkʃən /
- noun
- Reaching of a conclusion by using reasoning
- Fact of being or amount taken away from a total
clear
US / klɪə(r) /
•UK / klɪr /
- adjecitve
- Empty; without anything in it or on it
- Being certain and without doubt
- Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
- Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
- adverb
- Completely; entirely; through the whole of
- Away from; free from
- verb
- To recover from or remove a problem
- To get rid of the entire contents of
- To give permission for something to happen
- To make a place or surface empty by removing
- To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
alive
US / ə'laɪv /
•UK / əˈlaɪv /
- adjecitve
- Living; not dead
newton
US / ˈnju:tən /
•UK / ˈnu:tən /
- noun
- A unit of force equal to the force that imparts an acceleration of m, sec, sec to a mass of kilogram
part
US / pɑ:t /
•UK / pɑ:rt /
- adjecitve
- To some degree; half; not fully
- noun
- Division of a book
- Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
- A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
- Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
- Some, but not all of a specific thing
- Role in causing something to happen
- verb
- To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
- To move two things apart creating a space
- To leave someone, or to break off a relationship
blood
US / blʌd /
•UK / blʌd /
- adjecitve
- Related by birth; family
- noun
- Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
- verb
- To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club
problem
US / ˈprɒbləm /
•UK / ˈprɑbləm /
- adjecitve
- Causing trouble
- noun
- Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
- Question to show understanding of a math concept
before
US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /
•UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /
- adverb
- At a time earlier than the present; previously
- conjunction
- In advance of something happening
- preposition
- In front of someone or something
century
US / 'sentʃərɪ /
•UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /
- noun
- Period of 100 years
scientist
US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
•UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
- noun
- Person who is trained in a science
handle
US / 'hændl /
•UK / ˈhændl /
- noun
- The part of a door you hold to open it
- Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
- verb
- To cope with or take responsibility for
- To control a machine, car etc.
- To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
- To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
- To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
- To hold, control, or use something with the hands
- To touch objects with the hands to look at them
printing
US / ˈprɪntɪŋ /
•UK / ˈprɪntɪŋ /
- verb
- To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
- To write individual letters by hand in capitals
see
US / si: /
•UK / si /
- verb
- To go on a date with someone
- To predict whether something is, or will be true
- To understand what someone says
- To use your eyes to look at something
- To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
- To visit or meet with someone
- To find out by waiting or looking
- To watch (a game, movie or TV show)
transition
US / trænˈzɪʃn /
•UK / trænˈzɪʃən, -ˈsɪʃ- /
- noun
- Change from one state, movement, place to another
- verb
- To change state, movement, place, or subject
last
US / lɑ:st /
•UK / læst /
- adjecitve
- Most recent; the latest
- The one before
- adverb
- Final; with nothing following; after all others
- Most recent; the latest
- determiner
- The one at the end
- verb
- To remain or continue for a certain period of time
scared
US / skeəd /
•UK / skerd /
- adjecitve
- Frightened, afraid
- verb
- To become frightened
- To make someone feel frightened or worried
computation
US / ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃn /
•UK / ˌkɑmpjʊˈteʃən /
- noun
- Act of calculating; method of computing
next
US / nekst /
•UK / nɛkst /
- adverb
- The one that follows another in time or order
- At a time or place directly after the present one
- noun
- The one that follows after
- adjecitve
- Immediately after the previous one
- First occurrence after the present one
biochar
US / /
•UK / /
- noun
- Charcoal produced from plant matter and stored in the soil as a means of removing carbon dioxide fro
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
end
US / end /
•UK / ɛnd /
- noun
- The point where a process or activity stops
- A point that marks the limit of something; finish
- Goal or desired result
- The tip, edge or limit of something
- verb
- To be the last part of something
hole
US / həʊl /
•UK / hol /
- noun
- An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
- Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
- Opening into or through something
- An awkward or difficult situation
- Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
- verb
- (Golf) to get the ball into the hole
his
US / hɪz /
•UK / hɪz /
- pronoun
- Something belonging to a male person
singularity
US / ˌsɪŋgjuˈlærəti /
•UK / ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlærɪti /
- noun
- Quality that makes something unusual or odd
bear
US / bɛː /
•UK / bɛr /
- noun
- Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
- Someone who expects stock market to fall
- verb
- To accept (responsibilities or duties)
- To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
- To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
- To keep moving left or right while going forward
- To show (sign of something)
- To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
needle
US / 'ni:dl /
•UK / ˈnidl /
- noun
- Part of a medical device used to inject medicine
- Very thin pointed object used in sewing
- Thin pointed leaves of some trees, e.g. pine tree
- verb
- To upset someone by making rude or hurtful remarks
recombination
US / ri:'kɒmbə'neɪʃən /
•UK / ri:'kɒmbə'neɪʃən /
- noun
- Combining of items different from their parents
exist
US / ɪɡ'zɪst /
•UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /
- verb
- To be present, alive or real
station
US / 'steɪʃn /
•UK / ˈsteʃən /
- noun
- Building, area, place used for a specific reason
- A person's place in society
- Place where you can catch a train or a bus
- Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
- verb
- (Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
- To put a person in a certain place or position
six
US / sɪks /
•UK / sɪks /
- number
- 6
community
US / kə'mju:nətɪ /
•UK / kəˈmjunɪti /
- noun
- Group of people who share a common idea or area
fantastic
US / fænˈtæstɪk /
•UK / fænˈtæstɪk /
- adjecitve
- Strange or unusual in design or appearance
- Very large, fast or great
- Hard to believe; amazing
could
US / kəd /
•UK / kʊd /
- other
- Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
- Used to ask for something politely, or to offer
month
US / mʌnθ /
•UK / mʌnθ /
- noun
- One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year
process
US / prə'ses /
•UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /
- noun
- Dealing with official forms in the way required
- Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
- verb
- To organize and use data in a computer
- To deal with official forms in the way required
- To prepare by treating something in a certain way
- To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
- To convert by putting something through a machine
increase
US / ɪn'kri:s /
•UK / ɪnˈkris /
- noun
- Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
- verb
- To make or become larger in size or amount
extraordinary
US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /
•UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /
- adjecitve
- Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable
perfectly
US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /
•UK / ˈpəfɪktli /
- adverb
- In a faultless manner; without mistakes
forth
US / fɔ:θ /
•UK / fɔrθ, forθ /
- adverb
- So as to be seen; out
- Outward or forward in space, time
rid
US / rɪd /
•UK / rɪd /
- verb
- To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
christ
US / kraɪst /
•UK / kraɪst /
- other
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
clock
US / klɒk /
•UK / klɑ:k /
- noun
- A device that shows the time
- verb
- To measure the time something takes
economy
US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /
•UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /
- noun
- Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
- Total of all goods, services and wages in an area
listen
US / ˈlɪsn /
•UK / ˈlɪsən /
- verb
- To carefully consider what someone is saying
carbon
US / 'kɑ:bən /
•UK / ˈkɑrbən /
- noun
- Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
habitat
US / 'hæbɪtæt /
•UK / ˈhæbɪˌtæt /
- noun
- Natural place where a plant or animal lives
too
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- adverb
- In addition, also; with emphasis
- Say that something is more than you want
feather
US / ˈfeðə(r) /
•UK / ˈfɛðɚ /
- noun
- One of the many light soft things on a bird's body
- verb
- To grow feathers
- To cover something with feathers
- To cut hair so that it lays in layers
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
matrix
US / ˈmeɪtrɪks /
•UK / ˈmetrɪks /
- noun
- Rock that surrounds rare stones
- Pattern of lines, spaces, or numbers
- Set of conditions that a person/thing develops in
order
US / 'ɔ:də(r) /
•UK / ˈɔrdɚ /
- noun
- Religious or social group, as of nuns
- Instructions to others to do what you want
- State in which things are neat and organized
- What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
- Social or political control of an area
- verb
- To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
- To give instructions to others to do what you want
- To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal
surface
US / 'sɜ:fɪs /
•UK / ˈsɚfəs /
- adjecitve
- Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
- noun
- Top layer of the ground or of water
- Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
- Outside or upper layer of something
- verb
- To give (road) a top layer
- To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
- To come to the top of something; emerge
- To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.
gdp
US / ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː /
•UK / ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː /
- abbreviation
- GDP is an acronym
year
US / jə: /
•UK / jɪr /
- noun
- Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
- Used to refer to the age of a person
flourish
US / 'flʌrɪʃ /
•UK / ˈflɚrɪʃ, ˈflʌr- /
- noun
- Fancy addition or decoration
- verb
- To show and direct attention by waving something
- To add a fancy addition or decoration
- To be healthy or successful
live
US / lɪv /
•UK / liv /
- adjecitve
- Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
- Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
- Glowing because burning; hot
- Not yet killed (for food)
- adverb
- (Music, drama) as it is performed
- verb
- To be alive
- To experience a particular type of life
- To make your home in a house or town
pump
US / pʌmp /
•UK / pʌmp /
- noun
- A device more moving liquids
- Light woman's shoe
- verb
- To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
- To make water/other liquid move using a machine
- To move in or out, or up and down quickly
- asking for information in an indirect way
crack
US / kræk /
•UK / kræk /
- noun
- Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- Unexpected and hard hit to the body
- Joke or impolite comment about something
- Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
- Small gap between two things or parts of things
- verb
- To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
- To tell (a joke)
- To solve a challenging problem or mystery
- To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
- To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
- To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces
vertical
US / ˈvɜ:tɪkl /
•UK / ˈvɜ:rtɪkl /
- adjecitve
- (Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal
also
US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /
•UK / ˈɔlso /
- adverb
- In addition; too; in a similar way
open
US / 'əʊpən /
•UK / ˈopən /
- adjecitve
- Available for use; accessible
- Not being hidden; available for others to see
- Being available for customers to enter or use
- Allowing everyone to use or take part in
- Not secret anymore
- Not closed or shut
- Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
- noun
- Name for a tennis or golf competition
- verb
- To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
- To start the activities or services of a business
- To make a space or hole appear in something
- To move or change so that it is no longer closed
- To start something, e.g. a new business
critical
US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /
•UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Making a negative judgment of something
- Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
- Most important part
other
US / 'ʌðə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌðər /
- adjecitve
- A thing different from that mentioned
- determiner
- (Something) else; not the first (one)
- pronoun
- Being the one and only thing of that category
emit
US / ɪ'mɪt /
•UK / ɪˈmɪt /
- verb
- To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
statistic
US / stəˈtɪstɪk /
•UK / stəˈtɪstɪk /
- noun
- Number that represents a piece of information
universe
US / ˈju:nɪvɜ:s /
•UK / ˈjunəˌvɚs /
- noun
- All of space that contains planets and stars
- Things surrounding a person, affecting their life
phylum
US / ˈfaɪləm /
•UK / ˈfaɪləm /
- noun
- Major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes
love
US / lʌv /
•UK / lʌv /
- noun
- Person's name
- A very strong feeling of affection
- The person you care very deeply about
- Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
- verb
- To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
- To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
- To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction
you
US / jʊ /
•UK / ju /
- pronoun
- Person someone is speaking or writing to
- Person or people in general
wall
US / wɔ:l /
•UK / wɔl /
- noun
- High, flat side of a room or building
innovate
US / ˈɪnəveɪt /
•UK / ˈɪnəˌvet /
- verb
- To introduce or create new things or make changes
into
US / 'ɪntə /
•UK / ˈɪntu /
- preposition
- Moving or going inside something
- In the same direction as; in the direction of
- So as to become; taking the state of
kind
US / kaɪnd /
•UK / kaɪnd /
- adjecitve
- In a caring and helpful manner
- friendly and considerate
- noun
- One type of thing
fiddle
US / 'fɪdl /
•UK / ˈfɪdl /
- verb
- To play around in an experimental manner; tinker
- To play the violin
poverty
US / ˈpɔvəti /
•UK / ˈpɑvəti /
- noun
- State of being poor
- Lack of something necessary
france
US / ˈfrɑːns /
•UK / fræns /
- noun
- A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe
fine
US / faɪn /
•UK / faɪn /
- adjecitve
- Good, acceptable or satisfactory
- Of high quality; made with great skill
- In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
- Being of high quality
- Good; okay; no problem
- (Of weather) good; not raining
- noun
- Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
- verb
- To pay money because you broke a law
laser
US / ˈleɪzə(r) /
•UK / ˈlezɚ /
- noun
- Strong narrow beam of high-powered light
- Powerful beam of light used for cutting precisely
how
US / haʊ /
•UK / haʊ /
- adjecitve
- To what degree? in what amount?
- adverb
- (Used to explain the way to do something)
- exclamation
- For what purpose or reason?
- (Used to ask someone or something's condition)
bad
US / bæd /
•UK / bæd /
- adjecitve
- Not good; wrong
- Lacking in good morals; evil
- No longer fresh; spoiled
exquisite
US / ɪkˈskwɪzɪt /
•UK / ˈɛkskwɪzɪt, ɪkˈskwɪzɪt /
- adjecitve
- Being very sensitive or detailed, e.g. of taste
half
US / hɑ:f /
•UK / hæf, hɑf /
- adjecitve
- Not complete
- adverb
- Partly; somewhat
- noun
- One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
- The part you get when one is divided into two;
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
therefore
US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /
•UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /
- adverb
- And so; for that reason
follow
US / ˈfɔləu /
•UK / ˈfɑlo /
- verb
- To come after someone; be guided by someone
- To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
- To be the logical result of something
- To happen after something else happens
- To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
- To understand something happening or being said
banana
US / bə'nɑ:nə /
•UK / bəˈnænə /
- noun
- Long curved yellow fruit with a white center
less
US / les /
•UK / lɛs /
- adjecitve
- Smaller in amount or degree
- adverb
- To a smaller degree
- noun
- A smaller amount
- preposition
- With the subtraction of
forest
US / 'fɒrɪst /
•UK / ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr- /
- noun
- Large area with many trees
might
US / maɪt /
•UK / maɪt /
- other
- Used to politely request an action
- Used to express that something could happen
- Power, strength, force or influence
than
US / ðən /
•UK / ðən /
- conjunction
- Used to compare two things that are not equal
let
US / let /
•UK / lɛt /
- verb
- To allow someone to do something
- Introducing a suggestion to do something together
- To rent a house, etc. to others
invent
US / ɪnˈvent /
•UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /
- verb
- To create something such as a story or excuse
- To create something useful for the first time
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
three
US / θri: /
•UK / θri /
- number
- Number 3
brief
US / bri:f /
•UK / brif /
- adjecitve
- (Of period of time) short; using few words
- noun
- Information and instructions given for a meeting
- verb
- To give information/instructions before a meeting
creative
US / krɪ'eɪtɪv /
•UK / kriˈetɪv /
- adjecitve
- Having the ability to make something new
across
US / əˈkrɔs /
•UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /
- adverb
- Distance from one side to another
- (Go) from one side to the other of something
slide
US / slaɪd /
•UK / slaɪd /
- noun
- Part of machines that slides backward and forward
- Reduction in amount, price, quality
- Metal or plastic device, used to hold back hair
- Piece of glass to view object on using microscope
- Action of moving by means of sliding
- Sudden unexpected fall of mud or rock down a hill
- Small piece of film with a photo on it
- A child's play apparatus in a park for sliding
- A backless shoe with an open toe
- A slip on something wet or slippery
- verb
- To pass or move smoothly and rapidly into or out
- To grow increasingly worse over time
- To move smoothly and rapidly over a surface
- (Mud or rock) to fall down a hill
- To secretly pass something into or out of
- To slip on something wet or slippery
solution
US / səˈlu:ʃn /
•UK / səˈluʃən /
- noun
- Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
- Way to solve or deal with a problem
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed