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The Best Mac and Cheese 2 Ways: Sodium Citrate & American Cheese | What's Eating Dan?

Original YouTube Video | AmericasTestKitchen Published on 2024-03-14 Level：97 Speed：81 maxwordlevel：18

Video vocabulary

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

handful

US / 'hændfʊl /

•

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

noun
an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

store

US / stɔ:(r) /

•

UK / stɔr, stor /

noun
Place where things are kept for future use
Place where you can go to buy things
verb
To put things in a place for later use

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

liquefy

US / ˈlɪkwɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɪkwəˌfaɪ /

verb
To become liquid

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

tightly

US / ˈtaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that doesn't allow movement

bite

US / baɪt /

•

UK / baɪt /

noun
Amount of food taken into your mouth at one time
Wound left from being bitten
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught
To close your teeth onto something, usually to eat

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

cle

US / lk /

•

UK / lk /

abbreviation
CLE is an acronym

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

creamy

US / 'kri:mɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrimi /

adjecitve
Resembling or containing cream

exercise

US / 'eksəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

noun
Physical activity to increase health and strength
Set of questions in a text book
verb
To work out to become stronger and healthier
To retain your ability or practice your skills

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

salt

US / sɔ:lt /

•

UK / sɔlt /

adjecitve
Being preserved or seasoned with salt
noun
Natural white crystal used to flavor food
verb
To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
To add salt to ice in order to melt it
To preserve food by adding salt

substance

US / 'sʌbstəns /

•

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

noun
Essence of; most basic or central qualities
Particular type of material
Having material form; existing
Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

emulsify

US / ɪˈmʌlsɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈmʌlsəˌfaɪ /

verb
Cause to become an emulsion; make into an emulsion; form into or become an emulsion

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

legit

US / lɪˈdʒɪt /

•

UK / ləˈdʒɪt /

adjecitve
As recognized by the law

unexpected

US / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

adjecitve
Surprising because it was not expected

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

kitchen

US / ˈkɪtʃɪn /

•

UK / ˈkɪtʃən /

noun
Place where food is cooked

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

boost

US / bu:st /

•

UK / bust /

noun
An increase in something
verb
To increase something; to make something better
To push someone or something up from beneath them

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

wear

US / weə(r) /

•

UK / wer /

noun
Clothing designed for a purpose e.g. skiing
Damage from continual use over a long period
verb
To have clothes, glasses, shoes etc. on your body
To display an expression or emotion on the face
To become weaker or damaged from continued use

andrea

US / p'lɑ:nts /

•

UK / p'lɑ:nts /

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

waste

US / weɪst /

•

UK / west /

noun
Materials left over after a process has finished
verb
To kill or severely harm someone
To use valuable things ineffectively

soften

US / 'sɒfn /

•

UK / ˈsɔfən, ˈsɑfən /

other
To make something less hard or firm
verb
To make more sympathetic or less strict
To make something less hard or firm

caution

US / 'kɔ:ʃn /

•

UK / ˈkɔʃən /

noun
Quality of being cautious; avoiding risk, danger
Warning given by police for breaking traffic rules
A warning about a possible danger
verb
To give someone a warning about a possible danger

cheat

US / tʃi:t /

•

UK / tʃit /

noun
One who is unfaithful to their wife, partner etc.
One who lies or breaks rules to get what they want
verb
To be unfaithful to (your wife, boyfriend etc.)
To escape death or harm, through luck or skill
To get something by deceit; break a rule/law

chicago

US / ʃɪ'kɑ:gəʊ, -'kɔ:- /

•

UK / ʃɪ'kɑ:ɡoʊˌ -'kɔ:- /

proper noun
A city in northeastern Illinois, on Lake Michigan; population 2,853,114 (est. 2008). Chicago develop

nonstick

US / nɒns'tɪk /

•

UK / nɒns'tɪk /

other
(Of surfaces especially of cooking utensils) Permitting easy removal of adherent food particles

twelve

US / twelv /

•

UK / twɛlv /

number
12

dente

US / ˈdenteɪ /

•

UK / ˈdenteɪ /

noun
The noni or Indian mulberry, Morinda citrifolia. Also: the reddish dye obtained from this plant, use

collegiate

US / kəˈli:dʒiət /

•

UK / kə'liːdʒiət /

adjecitve
Concerning or of college students

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

emulsifier

US / ɪˈmʌlsɪfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɪˈmʌlsɪfaɪər /

other
A surface-active agent that promotes the formation of an emulsion

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

incorporate

US / ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈkɔrpəˌret /

verb
To form into a company or business corporation
To include or involve as part of something else

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

sugary

US / ˈʃʊgəri /

•

UK / ˈʃʊɡəri /

adjecitve
Too sweet; insincere
Containing or having a taste like sugar

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

opinion

US / əˈpɪnjən /

•

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

noun
Court judge's statement why a decision was made
A person's thoughts on a topic

subject

US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

noun
Citizen of an area or country
The person or thing that does the action of a verb
People who take part in experiments or tests
An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
What a book, article etc. is about; theme
verb
To cause to suffer or experience something

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

beautifully

US / ˈbju:tɪfli /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəlɪ /

adverb
Having dome something well
In a beautiful manner; well; perfectly

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

ounce

US / aʊns /

•

UK / aʊns /

noun
Unit of weight equal to 1/16 pound or 28 grams
(Often in negative) very small amount of something

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

specifically

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

•

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

adverb
As regards a particular thing; closely related to
In particular

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

citrate

US / 'sɪtreɪt /

•

UK / 'sɪtreɪt /

noun
Salt or ester of citric acid

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

melt

US / melt /

•

UK / mɛlt /

verb
To disappear or to go away
To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
To become liquid through heating

sharp

US / ʃɑ:p /

•

UK / ʃɑrp /

adjecitve
Being very clear and easy to see
(Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
adverb
At precisely the time given
Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
noun
Person's name
A musical tone

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

starch

US / stɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / stɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Substance in food changed to energy in the body
Substance used to make clothes stiff when ironing
verb
To make clothing stiff using a special substance

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

consume

US / kən'sju:m /

•

UK / kənˈsum /

verb
To eat, drink, buy or use up something
To take all your energy; focus the attention

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

equation

US / ɪˈkweɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues

nerdy

US / ˈnɜːdi /

•

UK / ˈnɜːrdi /

adjecitve

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

chemist

US / ˈkemɪst /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪst /

noun
Person who sells medicines; drug store
Person who studies or does research in chemistry

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

clump

US / klʌmp /

•

UK / klʌmp /

noun
Mass or pile of something such as soil
Small group of trees, etc. growing near each other

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

gruyere

US / ˈɡruːjeə(r) /

•

UK / ɡruˈjerˌɡrɪˈjer /

noun
Swiss cheese with small holes

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

spite

US / spaɪt /

•

UK / spaɪt /

noun
Wish to hurt another person; malice; maliciousness
verb
To deliberately annoy or frustrate someone

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

cheese

US / tʃi:z /

•

UK / tʃiz /

noun
Yellowish solid food made from aged milk

gild

US / gɪld /

•

UK / ɡɪld /

verb
To give an attractive but deceptive appearance to

diverge

US / daɪˈvɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / daɪˈvɜ:rdʒ /

verb
To move away from, in a different direction
To think or feel differently about something

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

james

US / dʒeimz /

•

UK / dʒemz /

proper noun
The name of seven Stuart kings of Scotland.
The name of two kings of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

wow

US / waʊ /

•

UK / waʊ /

exclamation
Sound people make when they make are impressed
verb
(Informal) to greatly impress someone

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

shop

US / ʃɒp /

•

UK / ʃɑ:p /

noun
Place to learn how to fix or make things; class
Place where things are fixed or repaired, e.g. cars
Place which sells things
verb
To look for or buy goods or services

walter

US / ˈwɔːltə /

•

UK / ˈwɔltər /

yum

US / jʌm /

•

UK / jʌm /

exclamation
Used to show pleasure at eating something nice

adjust

US / əˈdʒʌst /

•

UK / əˈdʒʌst /

verb
To change; to attain a desired state or function
To change so as to fit in with new conditions

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

ingenuity

US / ˌɪndʒə'nju:ətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɪndʒəˈnuɪti, -ˈnju- /

noun
Cleverness and originality

intense

US / ɪn'tens /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

adjecitve
Very strong, great or extreme in degree

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

click

US / klɪk /

•

UK / klɪk /

noun
The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
A short, slight, and sharp sound
verb
To work well with someone or something
To press a computer mouse
To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

gooey

US / ˈgu:i /

•

UK / ˈɡui /

adjecitve
Soft and sticky

flavour

US / ˈfleɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflevɚ /

noun
Taste of something, especially in food or drink
verb
To add extra taste to a food

hesitation

US / ˌhezɪ'teɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌhɛzɪˈteʃən /

noun
Indecision or unwillingness to do something

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

remarkably

US / rɪ'mɑ:kəblɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈmɑrkəblɪ /

adverb
In an interesting or unexpected manner

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

benevolent

US / bəˈnevələnt /

•

UK / bəˈnɛvələnt /

adjecitve
Aiming to do good or benefit someone

butter

US / ˈbʌt.ə /

•

UK / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ /

noun
Yellow substance made of cream, spread on bread
verb
To spread butter on bread

chemical

US / ˈkemɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Made of various elements
noun
Basic substance produced by mixing elements

commercial

US / kəˈmə:ʃəl /

•

UK / kəˈmɚʃəl /

adjecitve
noun
Radio or television advertisement

horse

US / hɔ:s /

•

UK / hɔ:rs /

noun
Large animal with 4 legs used for riding
Stand or frame used to support something
verb
To fool around stupidly

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

teach

US / ti:tʃ /

•

UK / titʃ /

verb
To help someone learn or do something

parent

US / 'peərənt /

•

UK / ˈpɛrənt, ˈpær- /

noun
Person's, animal's mother or father
Something creating other things of the same kind

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

pasteurize

US / ˈpɑ:stʃəraɪz /

•

UK / ˈpæstʃəraɪz /

verb
To heat food to kill harmful microorganisms

rigid

US / ˈrɪdʒɪd /

•

UK / ˈrɪdʒɪd /

adjecitve
Stiff rather than flexible
Very fixed in your opinion or habits

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

noun
Man; boy; any person

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

simmer

US / 'sɪmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪmɚ /

verb
To cook or be cooked so that it is just boiling

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

experiment

US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

noun
Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
verb
To create and perform tests to research something
To try something new that you haven't tried before

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

proportion

US / prəˈpɔ:ʃn /

•

UK / prəˈpɔrʃən, -ˈpor- /

noun
A part of a whole thing
State of balance between two or more things
Size of one thing compared to the size of another
verb
To balance the size of something with another

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

college

US / 'kɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / 'kɑːlɪdʒ /

noun
School or educational institution for adults

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

dissolve

US / dɪˈzɒlv /

•

UK / dɪˈzɑ:lv /

verb
To cause something to end
To dismiss, e.g. a law-making body
To melt into and become part of a liquid
To end a legal relationship or organization

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

escape

US / ɪ'skeɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈskep /

noun
Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
The 'esc key' on a keyboard
Act of getting away from where you are being kept
verb
To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
To get away from a place where you are being kept
(Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

temperature

US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

noun
When you your body heat is above normal
How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

solidify

US / səˈlɪdɪfaɪ /

•

UK / səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ /

verb
To make or become solid or more solid

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

magic

US / 'mædʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈmædʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving tricks for entertainment
Being able to produce good results or success
noun
Attractive, appealing, and exciting quality
Performance of tricks for entertainment
Special ability or skill that causes success
Use of the supernatural to make things happen

recipe

US / 'resəpɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛsəˌpi /

noun
Conditions likely to create a particular result
Directions for making a dish, with the ingredients

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

swiss

US / swɪs /

•

UK / swɪs /

noun
Person from Switzerland
other
People or things from Switzerland

milk

US / mɪlk /

•

UK / mɪlk /

noun
White liquid produced by females to feed babies
verb
To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
To take as much from a person/situation as you can

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

kraft

US / krɑ:ft /

•

UK / kræft /

other
Strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution

smoothly

US / ˈsmu:ðli /

•

UK / smuðlɪ /

adverb
In an evenly flowing manner or movement
In an easy manner, with no problems

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

viable

US / ˈvaɪəbl /

•

UK / ˈvaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being capable of living, growing, and developing

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

alpine

US / ˈælpaɪn /

•

UK / ˈælˌpaɪn /

adjecitve
Concerning mountains or mountain ranges

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

patent

US / ˈpætnt /

•

UK / ˈpætnt /

adjecitve
(E.g. of a lie) clear and obvious what it is
noun
Legal protection for inventions or ideas
verb
To obtain legal protection for inventions or ideas

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

generic

US / dʒə'nerɪk /

•

UK / dʒəˈnɛrɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning a product without a brand name
Concerning an entire class, category, or group

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

nacho

US / 'nɑ:tʃəʊ /

•

UK / 'nɑ:ˌtʃoʊ /

noun
Tortilla chip topped with cheese and chili pepper

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

surround

US / səˈraʊnd /

•

UK / səˈraʊnd /

other
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
verb
To be all the way around something
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
To move closer on all sides of something

swim

US / swɪm /

•

UK / swɪm /

noun
Act of swimming in a pool or ocean
verb
To move through water by moving parts of the body

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

bond

US / bɒnd /

•

UK / bɑnd /

noun
Rope, chain or other thing used to tie someone up
Closeness that is shared between people or groups
Loan that a government must buy back by a set date
Written agreement to pay back borrowed money
Joint or connection, often using glue
verb
To develop a close relationship with
To become joined or connected, e.g. using glue

herd

US / hɜ:d /

•

UK / hɜ:rd /

noun
Group of the same animal that eat, live together
Group of people who are easily influenced
verb
To gather animals together to move them
To come together into a group

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

quad

US / kwɒd /

•

UK / kwɑ:d /

noun
Four-sided enclosure surrounded by buildings

sodium

US / 'səʊdɪəm /

•

UK / ˈsodiəm /

noun
A soft, white chemical element

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

melter

US / ˈmɛltə /

•

UK / ˈmɛltər /

other
A worker who melts substances (metal or wax etc.)

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

williams

US / ˈwɪljəmz /

•

UK / ˈwɪljəmz /

noun
A dessert pear of an early green variety.

blend

US / blend /

•

UK / blɛnd /

noun
Product known for mixing ingredients
verb
To combine different elements or substances
To mix ingredients when cooking
To mix things in an effective or pleasing way

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

perfectly

US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

•

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

adverb
In a faultless manner; without mistakes

pot

US / pɒt /

•

UK / pɑt /

noun
Container designed to hold or store something
Deep, round container that is used for cooking
Large, significant quantity of something
Slang name for marijuana
Net pocket at the corners, etc. of a snooker table
Money that can be won in a card game or a bet
verb
To plant something in a container filled with soil
To hit a ball into a table pocket in snooker

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

taste

US / teɪst /

•

UK / test /

noun
(Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
A liking for something; preference
Brief experience of something
verb
To experience something
To experience the flavor of food, drink
To briefly experience to see if you like something

tablespoon

US / ˈteɪblspu:n /

•

UK / ˈtebəlˌspun /

noun
Large spoon that is used for measuring ingredients

toss

US / tɒs /

•

UK / tɔ:s /

verb
To throw something into the air, e.g. casually

soft

US / sɒft /

•

UK / sɔft, sɑft /

adjecitve
Having flowing curves rather than sharp edges
Easy to press, bend or cut; not hard or firm
Showing a sympathetic and gentle heart
Not rough to the touch; light in feel
(Of lights, music) not too bright; not too loud

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

liquid

US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

adjecitve
(Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
In a state of being uncertain
Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
noun
Something that is similar to the state of water

mustard

US / ˈmʌstəd /

•

UK / ˈmʌstərd /

noun
Spicy yellow or brown condiment used to add flavor

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

spoilage

US / ˈspɔɪlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈspɔɪlɪdʒ /

other
Amount that has spoiled
The process of becoming spoiled

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

ham

US / hæm /

•

UK / hæm /

noun
Smoked meat from leg of a pig, often eaten cold
verb
To act really badly (on stage)

cayenne

US / keɪ'en /

•

UK / keɪ'en /

noun
Hot-tasting red pepper used in cooking

cheddar

US / ˈtʃedə /

•

UK / ˈtʃɛdɚ /

noun
A type of cheese

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

mixture

US / ˈmɪkstʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪkstʃɚ /

noun
Something made by combining two or more things

technique

US / tekˈni:k /

•

UK / tɛkˈnik /

noun
Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

editor

US / ˈedɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛdɪtɚ /

noun
Person deciding the contents of a book or magazine
Person making final version of a movie, text, book

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

consistency

US / kən'sɪstənsɪ /

•

UK / kənˈsɪstənsi /

noun
Quality of behaving or meaning the same
Physical quality of being smooth, thick, lumpy

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

nachos

US / /

•

UK / /

other
Tortilla chip topped with cheese and chili pepper

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

wholesale

US / 'həʊlseɪl /

•

UK / ˈholˌsel /

adjecitve
Concerning the selling of goods in large amounts

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

dinner

US / ˈdɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɪnɚ /

noun
Main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening

honey

US / ˈhʌni /

•

UK / ˈhʌni /

noun
Sweet, thick golden liquid that is made by bees
Darling; used to refer to express love

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

elbow

US / 'elbəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɛlˌbo /

noun
Middle part of the arm, which bends
verb
To push another person with the side of your arm

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

nice

US / naɪs /

•

UK / naɪs /

adjecitve
Being attractive or of high quality or value
Good or enjoyable
Being kind or friendly

prep

US / prep /

•

UK / prɛp /

adjecitve
Preparation for an action or event
noun
Shortened form of 'preparation school'

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

achievement

US / əˈtʃi:vmənt /

•

UK / əˈtʃivmənt /

noun
Something good that you have successfully done

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

aged

US / eɪdʒd /

•

UK / ˈedʒɪd /

adjecitve
Very old; got older
noun
Older people in general
verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

gradually

US / ˈgrædʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈɡrædʒʊəlɪ /

adverb
Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

pan

US / pæn /

•

UK / pæn /

noun
Open metal container used for cooking
Steel drum
Big, flat bowl, used to find gold with water
verb
To follow an object being filmed with a camera
To criticize, e.g. a film, in a strong way
To sort gold from other materials using water

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

cup

US / kʌp /

•

UK / kʌp /

noun
Small round container used for drinking
Silver trophy teams compete to win
Unit of measurement for foods or liquids
verb
To make the shape of a bowl with your hands

calcium

US / 'kælsɪəm /

•

UK / ˈkælsiəm /

noun
A substance important for making bones and teeth

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

perishable

US / ˈperɪʃəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɛrɪʃəbəl /

adjecitve
(Of food) easily or quickly spoiled

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

constantly

US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

adverb
Frequently, or without pause

buttery

US / 'bʌtərɪ /

•

UK / ˈbʌtəri /

adjecitve
Having the taste or texture of butter

deputy

US / ˈdepjuti /

•

UK / ˈdɛpjəti /

noun
Assistant to a leader who acts on his, her behalf

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

assist

US / əˈsɪst /

•

UK / əˈsɪst /

verb
To help

cheesy

US / 'tʃi:zɪ /

•

UK / ˈtʃizi /

adjecitve
Being of poor quality or in bad taste; not sincere
Tasting like cheese

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

emulsion

US / ɪˈmʌlʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈmʌlʃən /

noun
Colloid in which both phases are liquids

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

verb
To find something new that was not known before

fat

US / fæt /

•

UK / fæt /

adjecitve
Having too much weight for the body size
Bringing or having a large amount of money
noun
Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
Oily part of meat

mac

US / mæk /

•

UK / mæk /

noun
Macaroni.
A mackintosh.
A type of personal computer.
A form of address for a man whose name is unknown to the speaker.

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

ion

US / 'aɪən /

•

UK / ˈaɪən /

noun
Atoms with either a positive or negative charge

formula

US / 'fɔ:mjələ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrmjələ /

noun
A mathematical or scientific rule
Plan, rule or method for doing or making something

macaroni

US / ˌmækəˈrəʊni /

•

UK / ˌmækəˈroʊni /

noun
Pasta in the form of slender tubes

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

sight

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Things or people that one can see
Range or distance that someone can see
Famous places often visited by tourists
Sense that allows you to see
Act of seeing someone or something
verb
To aim (a gun) at something to get your range
To see something rare or unusual

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

substitute

US / 'sʌbstɪtju:t /

•

UK / ˈsʌbstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut /

noun
A person or thing acting in place of another
verb
To perform the tasks instead of someone else
To replace one person or thing for another

protein

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

•

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

noun
Group of molecules made from amino acids

wagon

US / ˈwægən /

•

UK / ˈwæɡən /

noun
Four wheel vehicle used to transport things

yellow

US / ˈjeləʊ /

•

UK / ˈjeloʊ /

adjecitve
Color of lemons or the sun
Lacking in courage; cowardly (used as an INSULT)
verb
To turn yellow, often due to being old

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

crispy

US / 'krɪspɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrɪspi /

adjecitve
Dry and breaking with a sharp sound

harness

US / 'hɑ:nɪs /

•

UK / ˈhɑrnɪs /

noun
Equipment used by horses to pull things
verb
To capture the power of something

outward

US / ˈaʊtwəd /

•

UK / ˈaʊtwəd /

adjecitve
Going away from a place that will be returned to
Seeming to be from the outside
Concerning how something appears on the outside

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

color

US / 'kʌlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

noun
Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
verb
To change or affect someone's opinion
To make something colorful using colored pencils

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

melty

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
(especially of food) melting or partially melted; soft or semiliquid in consistency.
Experiencing tender, sympathetic, or sentimental feelings.

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

texture

US / ˈtekstʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛkstʃɚ /

noun
Quality from different elements, as in music
Look and feel of a substance or material
verb
To give a particular look or feel to a surface

box

US / bɒks /

•

UK / bɑ:ks /

noun
A marked area of a baseball field
A container with four straight sides and a lid
Area of seating in a theater separated from others
A 4 sided container or shape printed on a page
Entire amount of something inside a container
verb
To strike someone on the side of the head
To pack an object in a six-sided container
To fight with gloved hands as a sport

blue

US / blu: /

•

UK / blu /

adjecitve
Color of the clear sky
Feeling sad or down

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

lump

US / lʌmp /

•

UK / lʌmp /

noun
Small swollen mass in body, e.g. showing disease
A small hard part of something smooth
verb
To combine things together in a group

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

smooth

US / smu:ð /

•

UK / smuð /

adjecitve
Moving without stops and starts
Pleasant and flat to touch, not rough
Being free from problems or difficulties
verb
To make something rough feel flat, e.g. by ironing
To spread a substance over a surface

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

caramelize

US / ˈkærəməlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkærəməˌlaɪz, ˈkɑrmə- /

verb
To convert into caramel or add caramel to

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

online

US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

adjecitve
Connected to the internet

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

span

US / spæn /

•

UK / spæn /

noun
Distance between two supports of a bridge
Period of time that something continues for
other
Periods of time that something continues for
verb
To go across a certain distance between things
To cover or extend over a time period

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

fellow

US / 'feləʊ /

•

UK / ˈfɛlo /

adjecitve
Being of the same kind
noun
Man or a boy
Student paid to study and teach after college

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

illustrate

US / ˈɪləstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪləˌstret, ɪˈlʌsˌtret /

verb
To supply pictures to go along with words
To be an example that explains or proves something

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

maroon

US / mə'ru:n /

•

UK / məˈrun /

adjecitve
Dark reddish purple color
verb
To leave alone, e.g. on a deserted island; strand

spiral

US / 'spaɪrəl /

•

UK / ˈspaɪrəl /

adjecitve
Curved in a continuous circle
noun
A continuous curve round a central point
verb
To move in a continuous curve round a point

star

US / stɑ:(r) /

•

UK / stɑr /

noun
Very famous person, usually an entertainer
Someone who does something very well
Your horoscope
A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
verb
To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
To do something very well
To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

agitation

US / ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌædʒɪˈteʃən /

noun
Mental state of extreme emotional disturbance

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

style

US / staɪl /

•

UK / staɪl /

noun
The (tasteful) way something is designed or done
verb
To shape or design something in a certain way

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

jeez

US / dʒi:z /

•

UK / dʒi:z /

noun
Used to express surprise or annoyance

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

lily

US / 'lɪlɪ /

•

UK / 'lɪlɪ /

noun
Type of plant with big, leafy flowers

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

pool

US / pu:l /

•

UK / pul /

noun
Amount collected, e.g. money, for some purpose
Small body of still water
Game of hitting balls on a table with long sticks
Small area of water for swimming bound by walls
verb
(Of a liquid) to collect into a small area
To make a collection of (resources, money etc.)

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

fancy

US / 'fænsɪ /

•

UK / ˈfænsi /

adjecitve
Unusual and attractive in design
verb
To want to have or do something; feel like
To imagine or suppose that something will happen
To believe or imagine something that is not true

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

barely

US / ˈbɛəli /

•

UK / ˈbɛrli /

adverb
Only just; just possible

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

factory

US / ˈfæktri /

•

UK / ˈfæktəri /

noun
Building where things are made

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

lesson

US / 'lesn /

•

UK / ˈlɛsən /

noun
Something done to learn or teach something; class
Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

spell

US / spel /

•

UK / spɛl /

noun
Making some magic happen; form of words to do this
Period of time; time when an action is being done
verb
To lead to future trouble
To be able to write (or say) the letters of a word

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

belove

US / bɪˈlʌv /

•

UK / /

verb
To love. Frequently, and now usually, in passive, with by, of (formerly also † with).

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

wildfire

US / ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldˌfaɪr /

noun
Raging and rapidly spreading large fire

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

strengthen

US / ˈstreŋθn /

•

UK / ˈstrɛŋkθən,ˈstrɛŋ-,ˈstrɛn- /

verb
To make something stronger

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

hint

US / hɪnt /

•

UK / hɪnt /

noun
Helpful piece of information
Tiny quantity or sign of something
verb
To suggest without being direct about it

grab

US / ɡræb /

•

UK / ɡræb /

verb
To take and hold something quickly

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

sauce

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔs /

noun
Food made from cooked fruit, e.g. apples or mangos

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

boil

US / bɔɪl /

•

UK / bɔɪl /

verb
To become extremely angry or excited
To cook in very hot water
To make liquids hot so they turn to gas

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

method

US / 'meθəd /

•

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

noun
(Organized and planned) way of doing something

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

Subtitles section

I'd argue that humankind's greatest achievement was turning milk into cheese.

But that's like barely an argument, because who's on the other side of that issue?

Cheese is rich, flavorful, gooey, melty, and comes in every shape and texture.

Humankind's second greatest achievement, in my humble opinion,

was figuring out how to turn cheese back into a liquid, which is no easy feat.

Liquefying cheese gives us all star foods like cattrepepe, fondue, ballpark nacho cheese sauce, and of course, good old American style mac and cheese.

And that last one is the subject of today's episode.

To understand the mac and cheese of today, we gotta start with a little history lesson.

In early American history, cheesemaking was done as you would expect, on a small and local scale.

But that changed in the year of Jesse Williams, when a fellow named Jesse Williams created the country's first cheese factory in New York.

By buying up milk from surrounding herds and pooling it to make cheese at one location, Williams made commercial cheese production more viable.

From New York outwards, cheese factories spread like wildfire.

Generic, factory cheddar became so common that Americans simply called it store cheese or yellow cheese.

Then, along comes a guy named James L. Kraft, who in the year of his death moved from Canada to Chicago with sixty five bucks, bought a horse and wagon, and started wholesaling yellow cheese.

But he quickly noticed a problem.

Cheese is perishable, and so there was a lot of waste and spoilage in the business of commercial cheese.

He put some serious R&D into techniques for pasteurizing cheese

to make something with a longer shelf life.

Right around this time, a couple of Swiss chemists named Walter Gerber and Fritz Stettler were after the same goal.

They both realized that simply heating cheese to pasteurization temperatures absolutely destroyed its texture.

Kraft played with heating under agitation and got some pretty good results, but it was the Swiss chemists that cracked the code.

While experimenting with blending Swiss cheese and a substance called sodium citrate, they found the resulting cheese mixture melted beautifully, solidified upon cooling, and then remarkably was able to be remelted and turn out just as smooth.

Magic.

They had created the first processed cheese.

A few short years later, Kraft would go on to patent his own method, and then it took off.

No, like when I say took off, I mean TOOK off.

By the year of the year, over forty percent of the cheese consumed in the U.S.

was Kraft's, and that was in spite of the fact that it was relatively expensive.

Fast forward to the year of the year.

What can this history teach us about our beloved mac and cheese?

Well, the sweatshirt I'm wearing provides a big hint.

This is the chemical formula for sodium citrate.

It's known as an emulsifying salt.

As the Swiss discovered, sodium citrate helps cheese melt smoothly.

Check out this experiment.

Here I have a piece of American cheese, which is made with an emulsifying salt, and a piece of extra sharp cheddar, which is not.

I'm placing them in nonstick pans over low heat so we can watch how they melt.

At first, everything looks smooth for both cheeses, but pretty quickly they diverge.

The cheddar starts to separate into clumps, swimming in a slick of fat, while the American cheese just continues to flow smoothly.

In an aged cheese like sharp cheddar, proteins are bonded tightly to each other with the help of calcium ions.

When you apply heat, the fat melts and escapes long before that rigid protein structure softens enough to flow.

Bring sodium citrate into the equation and you can get a cheese like that cheddar to melt smoothly with not a lump in sight.

I'll show you how in just a minute.

Now thanks to some benevolent food science gods, the chemical formula for sodium citrate spells nacho, as in nacho cheese sauce.

It's amazing.

So of course, we put it on a sweatshirt that you can buy in two color ways on our site.

I'm wearing yellow nacho cheese, but we also have a very collegiate maroon that feels just as at home on a college quad, an important date, or a fancy dinner party.

Hit up shop.americastestkitchen.com or click the link below this video if you want to, you know, shop this look.

Okay, back to the nerdy stuff.

Sodium citrate is easy to buy online, providing any home cook with the means to turn cheeses into super smooth sauce for mac and cheese.

Are you thinking what I'm thinking?

Let's go to the kitchen.

We're gonna make a cheese sauce that is just as good on nachos as it is tossed with elbow macaroni.

The basic formula I'm working with is ten ounces, or two hundred and eighty three grams of cheese, one and a third cups, or three hundred and twenty grams of water, and one tablespoon, or twelve grams of sodium citrate.

I'm using a combination of cheddar, Gruyere, and a basic Swiss.

Swiss or Alpine style cheeses are great melters, and it helps to have a good proportion of them in the mix.

We'll start by whisking half the water and the sodium citrate together in a small saucepan until the sodium citrate dissolves.

Then, we bring it to a simmer over medium heat.

While whisking constantly, I'm gradually adding the cheese mixture, a small handful at a time, whisking until fully incorporated before adding the next.

just as we do when we're adding butter to a pan sauce.

Here's what's happening in the pot.

The sodium substitutes itself for some of the calcium that's helping those proteins cling.

As the cheese is heated, the proteins separate from each other and again act as emulsifiers, strengthening the emulsion by holding fat and water together.

Jeez.

This is so good, so cheesy and intense, and perfectly, perfectly smooth.

Because you can pick the cheeses that go into the mix, you have total control over flavor.

This is the texture of the Blue Box stuff, but with legit rich cheese flavor.

Now I just toss this with some cooked pasta and use the remaining water to adjust the consistency to my liking.

Yum, yum, yum.

I encourage you to buy sodium citrate and make this, but you definitely don't have to.

I've got a way to cheat the sodium citrate system and still capture the amazing powers of emulsifying salts to make the creamiest, gooiest mac and cheese.

I'm talking about Cook's Illustrated Deputy Food Editor, Andrea Geary's super smart and delicious recipe for mac and cheese that uses a little American ingenuity.

Check it out.

This recipe breaks a lot of rules in a very short span of time, so parents may want to exercise caution if small children are watching.

We start by bringing water and milk to a boil in a saucepan over high heat.

We're not going to drain this pasta, because we want to capture all of the starch that comes off during cooking.

That starch will help our cheese melt smoothly.

Milk provides great flavor, and its proteins also assist in forming a nice, smooth emulsion.

But simmering in all milk leads to a scorched pan.

Cutting it with water gives us the best of both worlds.

Now I add my macaroni, reduce the heat to medium low, and cook, stirring often, until the pasta is soft, just a little past al dente, somewhere in between six and eight minutes.

Now I love al dente pasta, but classic American cheese features softer noodles, so that's what we're going with.

Now we add the cheese.

Not cheddar, not Swiss, but American cheese.

And here's the simple reason why.

It's got the emulsifying salts we're after built right in and we can harness it.

Along with the American, I'm also gonna add a couple of flavors, mustard and cayenne, which will help boost that cheesy flavor.

Off heat, we can now add cheddar for classic mac and cheese flavor.

After stirring it in, I cover the pot and let it stand for five minutes to soften.

Then we just stir until smooth and season with salt to taste.

That American keeps the cheddar from breaking for mac and cheese that is just, just,

Wow, this is so good.

This is my go to mac and cheese now.

Barely harder than the Blue Box stuff, and so much better.

Now, if you want to gild the lily as Andrea does, prep this three minute crispy, buttery panko topping.

I need more bites.

Super creamy, cheesy, and nostalgic.

Liquid cheese, you've done it again.

This is, without hesitation, how to eat macaroni and cheese.

Okay, well, I'm happy now.

It's your turn.

Grab Andrew's recipe at the link below this video and get cooking.

I know a lot of you have big opinions about mac and cheese, and I wanna hear them in the comments.

But specifically, I wanna know what's the most unexpected thing you've added to yours.

I'll go first.

One time, I sliced off the sugary caramelized edge of a honey spiral ham and threw that in.

I would do it again.

I can't wait to hear what you guys put in your mac and cheese.

After commenting, hit like and subscribe.

Thank you all so much for watching, and I'll see you next time.