Subtitles section
Repeat sentence
Subtitles mode
Full screen
Previous
Next
x 1.0
Playback speed
More

The complicated history of conflict between Israel and Palestinians

Video vocabulary

again

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

about

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

different

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

fatah

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfɑtə /

UK / /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A Palestinian political and military organization founded in 1958 by Yasser Arafat and others to bri

govern

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈgʌvn /

UK / ˈgʌvərn /

B1
  • verb
  • To officially control land and make policies

independent

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
  • noun
  • A person not connected to a political party

hallowed

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhæləʊd /

UK / ˈhælod /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • That has been made holy

people

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

site

Copy vocabulary

US / saɪt /

UK / saɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Place that is reserved for a particular activity
  • Location of building work
  • Location of something
  • Place where something of special interest happened
  • Website
  • verb
  • To place something in a particular position, area

that

Copy vocabulary

US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

Copy vocabulary

US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

place

Copy vocabulary

US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

bitterly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbɪtəli /

UK / ˈbɪtərli /

A2
  • adverb
  • With bitterness; angrily

crown

Copy vocabulary

US / kraʊn /

UK / kraʊn /

B1
  • noun
  • A gold ring put on a King or Queen’s head
  • An artificial cap on a tooth
  • Top part of something
  • other
  • To put a crown on to make someone a king/queen
  • verb
  • To officially give someone the winners title
  • To be made king or queen of a country
  • To be at the top of something

mean

Copy vocabulary

US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

total

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtəʊtl /

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete
  • noun
  • Whole number or amount of something
  • verb
  • To damage a car beyond repair

civil

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪvl /

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
  • Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

claim

Copy vocabulary

US / kleɪm /

UK / klem /

A2
  • noun
  • Demand for something that is believed to be due
  • Something said to be true when others don't agree
  • verb
  • To demand something that is believed to be due
  • To cause someone's life to come to an end
  • To say something is true when others may not agree

judaism

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒu:deɪɪzəm /

UK / ˈdʒudiˌɪzəm /

A1
  • noun
  • Monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in th

oslo

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɒzləʊ /

UK / ˈɑzloʊ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The capital and chief port of Norway, on the southern coast at the head of Oslofjord; population 839

likud

Copy vocabulary

US / lɪˈkʊd /

UK / /

A1
  • noun

political

Copy vocabulary

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being active or interested in government matters
  • Diplomatic
  • Of the system of elections and government
  • Concerning government or public affairs
  • Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

york

Copy vocabulary

US / jɔ:k /

UK / jɔrk /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
  • A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
  • The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

down

Copy vocabulary

US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

force

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

fire

Copy vocabulary

US / 'faɪə(r) /

UK / faɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Heat and the flame produced when burning
  • Intense energy for or about something
  • verb
  • To apply heat to something to make it hard
  • To make a person leave their job; dismiss
  • To shoot a gun or weapon
  • To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
  • To start working on something e.g. a project

faith

Copy vocabulary

US / feɪθ /

UK / feθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief in a god or gods; religion
  • Belief that that something is true without proof
  • Person's name

include

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

impose

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪmˈpəʊz /

UK / ɪmˈpoʊz /

A2
  • verb
  • To make someone to do or endure something

preserve

Copy vocabulary

US / prɪˈzɜ:v /

UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /

B1
  • noun
  • Protected area of land with plants and animals
  • verb
  • To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
  • To protect something from harm, loss or damage
  • To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect

sea

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • Very large group of people, similar-looking things
  • Large body of salty water with land around it

step

Copy vocabulary

US / step /

UK / stɛp /

A1
  • noun
  • Movement done as part of a particular dance
  • Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
  • One part or stage in a process
  • Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
  • Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
  • verb
  • To raise and moving the foot to put it down

then

Copy vocabulary

US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

first

Copy vocabulary

US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

hard

Copy vocabulary

US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

present

Copy vocabulary

US / 'preznt /

UK / ˈprɛznt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • noun
  • Gift
  • Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
  • Current time; now
  • verb
  • To introduce someone to others
  • To host a program on television or radio
  • To give a speech or presentation
  • To show something to someone who will examine it
  • To appear or happen
  • To give an award or prize to someone

prayer

Copy vocabulary

US / prɛə /

UK / prɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Words spoken to your god for help
  • (+negative) small chance of succeeding
  • Strong desire, wish, or hope for a thing to happen

pool

Copy vocabulary

US / pu:l /

UK / pul /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount collected, e.g. money, for some purpose
  • Small body of still water
  • Game of hitting balls on a table with long sticks
  • Small area of water for swimming bound by walls
  • verb
  • (Of a liquid) to collect into a small area
  • To make a collection of (resources, money etc.)

second

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon
  • verb
  • To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

dynamic

Copy vocabulary

US / daɪˈnæmɪk /

UK / daiˈnæmik /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Always active or energetic; getting things done

empire

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈempaɪə(r) /

UK / ˈɛmˌpaɪr /

B1
  • noun
  • Group of countries controlled by one government

encouraging

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒɪŋ /

UK / ɛnˈkə:rədʒɪŋ, -ˈkʌr- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Giving support to make more determined, confident
  • verb
  • To increase the chance of something happening
  • To make someone more determined or confident

resistance

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'zɪstəns /

UK / rɪˈzɪstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Force that stops or slows movement of something
  • Refusal to accept something new or different

ride

Copy vocabulary

US / raɪd /

UK / raɪd /

A1
  • noun
  • Machine at an amusement park for riding on for fun
  • Trip on a bicycle or a horse
  • verb
  • To travel in a particular vehicle as a passenger
  • To sit on and control a horse or vehicle

right

Copy vocabulary

US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

uprise

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʌpˌraɪz; ʌpˈraɪz /

UK / ʌpˈraɪz /

A1
  • other
  • Ascend as a sound

boil

Copy vocabulary

US / bɔɪl /

UK / bɔɪl /

A2
  • verb
  • To become extremely angry or excited
  • To cook in very hot water
  • To make liquids hot so they turn to gas

city

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪtɪ /

UK / ˈsɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • Area with many buildings, roads and people

emerge

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

A2
  • verb
  • To rise or appear out of some background

fight

Copy vocabulary

US / faɪt /

UK / faɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • An argument or quarrel
  • Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
  • A struggle to do a difficult task
  • verb
  • To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • To try to hurt someone by hitting them
  • To struggle to do a difficult task

ground

Copy vocabulary

US / graʊnd /

UK / ɡraʊnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Connection of electrical equipment to earth
  • Place where people play particular sports
  • Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
  • verb
  • To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
  • To make sharp or smooth through friction
  • To press together with force making a sound
  • To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
  • To hit the bottom
  • (Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
  • To prevent a plane from taking off
  • To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

authority

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔ:ˈθɒrəti /

UK / əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr- /

A2
  • noun
  • The power to give orders to people
  • Person who is an expert on a particular topic
  • Expert knowledge on a given subject
  • The power to decide or approve things
  • a group of people who have the official power to make decisions

continue

Copy vocabulary

US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

gathering

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈgæðərɪŋ /

UK / ˈɡæðərɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Bringing things or people together
  • A meeting of people who come together
  • verb
  • To bring objects together into one place
  • To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
  • To increase or accumulate
  • To bring people, animals together into a group
  • To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
  • To understand or believe some information

moslem

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɒzləm /

UK / ˈmɑzləm, ˈmɑs- /

A1
  • adjective
  • Relating to Muslims or their religion.
  • noun
  • A follower of the religion of Islam.

nakba

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • The Palestinian term for the events of 1948, when many Palestinians were displaced by the creation o

respond

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'spɒnd /

UK / rɪˈspɑnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To answer something or someone
  • To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment

series

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

UK / ˈsɪriz /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
  • other
  • Number of things that happen one after another

should

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

bus

Copy vocabulary

US / bʌs /

UK / bʌs /

A1
  • noun
  • A large road vehicle used for carrying many people
  • verb
  • To move people by coach or bus

temple

Copy vocabulary

US / 'templ /

UK / ˈtɛmpəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A flat area on the side of the forehead
  • Place for worship in many religions

bomber

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbɒmə(r) /

UK / ˈbɑmɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

assault

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈsɔ:lt /

UK / əˈsɔlt /

B1
  • noun
  • An attack on someone physically or emotionally
  • verb
  • To attack someone physically or emotionally

attack

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'tæk /

UK / əˈtæk /

A2
  • noun
  • Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
  • verb
  • To try to destroy, beat, or injure

christianity

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkrɪstiˈænəti /

UK / ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti, ˌkrɪsti- /

B1
  • noun
  • Beliefs, practices based on teachings of Jesus

egypt

Copy vocabulary

US / 'i:dʒɪpt /

UK / 'i:dʒɪpt /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until; site of an ancient civili

immediately

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈmi:diətli /

UK / ɪˈmidiɪtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without any delay; straight away

palestinian

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌpælɪˈstɪnɪən /

UK / ˌpælɪˈstɪniən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Palestine
  • noun
  • Person from Palestine

renew

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'nju: /

UK / rɪˈnu, -ˈnju /

B1
  • verb
  • To make something stronger, fresher, or like new
  • To replace something old or worn by something new
  • To make something valid again for future period
  • To begin again after stopping, as with more energy

strategic

Copy vocabulary

US / strəˈti:dʒɪk /

UK / strəˈtidʒɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerned with strategy; well thought out

speak

Copy vocabulary

US / spi:k /

UK / spik /

A1
  • verb
  • To be able to use a certain language
  • To use words to tell information, express thoughts

violent

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvaɪələnt /

UK / ˈvaɪələnt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done with force; likely to produce physical damage

write

Copy vocabulary

US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
  • To invent or create a computer program
  • To create a song or piece of music

appear

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

UK / əˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • To seem to be
  • To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

director

Copy vocabulary

US / də'rektə(r) /

UK / dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ- /

A2
  • noun
  • Senior person who manages part of an organization
  • Person who controls the acting in a movie or play

independence

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəns /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Having the freedom to make your own decisions

many

Copy vocabulary

US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

peasant

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpeznt /

UK / ˈpɛzənt /

B1
  • noun
  • A person of low social status who works on a farm

sanctuary

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sæŋktʃʊərɪ /

UK / ˈsæŋktʃuˌɛri /

B1
  • noun
  • Place to find rest and relaxation
  • Area used for protecting wildlife

thousand

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

will

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

among

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

assassinate

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'sæsɪneɪt /

UK / əˈsæsəˌnet /

B2
  • verb
  • To murder a famous or public figure

conquer

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒŋkə(r) /

UK / ˈkɑŋkɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To take possession of (land, city) with an army
  • To beat something difficult, e.g. a fear; overcome

hijacking

Copy vocabulary

US / 'haɪdʒækɪŋ /

UK / 'haɪdʒækɪŋ /

B1
  • verb
  • To take control of a plane, etc. by force

new

Copy vocabulary

US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

position

Copy vocabulary

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's opinion or attitude about something
  • Specific location where someone or something is
  • Where you play or your role on a sports team
  • Person's job or status level
  • Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
  • verb
  • To put in a particular location or direction

residual

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪˈzɪdjuəl /

UK / rɪˈzɪdʒuəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to the amount left over
  • noun
  • Amount left over

occupy

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɒkjʊpaɪ /

UK / ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To enter and take control of land/property
  • To fill a time, a space, or an area
  • To live in a particular building
  • To fill someone's thoughts or make a person busy

readiness

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈredinəs /

UK / ˈrɛdɪnɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • State of having been made ready or prepared

soviet

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsəuviət,ˈsɔviət /

UK / ˈsoviˌɛt, -ɪt, ˈsɑvi-, ˌsoviˈɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to or characteristic of the former Soviet Union or its people
  • noun
  • Elected government council in a communist country

small

Copy vocabulary

US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

area

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eərɪə /

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of measured space
  • A specific section or space; part of a region
  • A subject or field of study

feel

Copy vocabulary

US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

himself

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪmˈself /

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • The same (male) person who did the action

past

Copy vocabulary

US / pɑ:st /

UK / pæst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • No longer current or new
  • adverb
  • So as to go beyond, or further than something
  • noun
  • Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
  • preposition
  • After a particular time
  • At a later point in distance; beyond

side

Copy vocabulary

US / saɪd /

UK / saɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In addition to the central or most important thing
  • Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
  • noun
  • Position or opinion that is opposite to another
  • Right or left part of a person's body
  • Feature of someone's personality
  • Straight edge of an object
  • One of two or more groups fighting each other
  • verb
  • To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

Copy vocabulary

US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

totally

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a complete way; completely; absolutely

union

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ju:nɪən /

UK / ˈjunjən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of joining two or more things into one
  • Marriage
  • Organization of workers to look after their needs

bitterness

Copy vocabulary

US / 'bɪtənəs /

UK / ˈbɪtɚnɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • With a strong unpleasant taste

complicated

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /

UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do, understand or use
  • verb
  • To make more difficult to do, understand or use

consider

Copy vocabulary

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

immense

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈmens /

UK / ɪˈmɛns /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very great in size or amount

visit

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvɪzɪt /

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
  • verb
  • To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

declare

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'kleə(r) /

UK / dɪˈklɛr /

A2
  • verb
  • To make a statement in a strong and confident way
  • To show the cost of things purchased overseas
  • To say something in an official or sure way

four

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

imagine

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To think creatively about; form mental picture of

inside

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

million

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

restriction

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪˈstrɪkʃn /

UK / rɪˈstrɪkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Law or rule that controls or limits something

violence

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvaɪələns /

UK / ˈvaɪələns /

B1
  • noun
  • Strong physical force of nature
  • Use of physical force to harm someone

between

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

chart

Copy vocabulary

US / tʃɑ:t /

UK / tʃɑ:rt /

B1
  • noun
  • Drawing showing information in a clear way
  • Map of the sea or stars
  • verb
  • To make a plan for future action
  • To make a map of
  • To keep a record of developments over time

largely

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In large part; mainly or chiefly

they

Copy vocabulary

US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

Copy vocabulary

US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

yitzhak

Copy vocabulary

US / jɪˈpi: /

UK / ˈjɪpi /

A1

death

Copy vocabulary

US / deθ /

UK / dɛθ /

A2
  • noun
  • When someone dies; the end of life

demolish

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'mɒlɪʃ /

UK / dɪˈmɑlɪʃ /

C2
  • verb
  • To destroy completely (e.g. an idea, a building)

israel

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪzreɪl /

UK / 'ɪzreɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine

move

Copy vocabulary

US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

organization

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people with a particular purpose

strife

Copy vocabulary

US / straɪf /

UK / straɪf /

C1
  • noun
  • Conflict or discord

their

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

troop

Copy vocabulary

US / tru:p /

UK / trup /

B1
  • noun
  • Group of people
  • Group of mammals or birds
  • A group of soldiers
  • verb
  • To walk past in a group or large number
  • To move or gather in a crowd

way

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

Copy vocabulary

US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

act

Copy vocabulary

US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

activist

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈæktɪvɪst /

UK / ˈæktəvɪst /

B1
  • noun
  • A person who tries to change a government, society

islam

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɪzlɑ:m /

UK / ɪsˈlɑm,ɪz- /

C2
  • noun
  • Religion of Muslims based on the Koran

look

Copy vocabulary

US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

holocaust

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhɒləkɔ:st /

UK / ˈhɑ:ləkɔ:st /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of mass destruction and loss of life in a war

movement

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a piece of classical music
  • Group with a shared interest or goal
  • Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
  • Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
  • Part of a piece of music

norwegian

Copy vocabulary

US / nɔ:'wi:dʒən /

UK / nɔrˈwidʒən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Norway
  • noun
  • Person from Norway

noble

Copy vocabulary

US / 'nəʊbl /

UK / 'noʊbl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being admirable and honorable in character
  • Concerning or being a member a high social class
  • Being large, beautiful or impressive in appearance
  • noun
  • Titled peer of the realm e.g. a lord, duke

speed

Copy vocabulary

US / spi:d /

UK / spid /

A2
  • noun
  • How fast or slow something is or is done
  • verb
  • To move quickly when completing an action
  • To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

tactic

Copy vocabulary

US / 'tæktɪk /

UK / ˈtæktɪk /

B2
  • noun
  • One of the ways you attempt to achieve a strategy

building

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

british

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of British

prove

Copy vocabulary

US / pru:v /

UK / pruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

throw

Copy vocabulary

US / θrəʊ /

UK / θroʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
  • Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
  • Forcibly putting someone on the ground
  • verb
  • To use your arm to make something fly in the air
  • To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
  • To confuse or upset someone
  • (E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
  • To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

vote

Copy vocabulary

US / vəʊt /

UK / vot /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of deciding who to choose in an election
  • verb
  • To make a choice for or against, as in an election

all

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

blockade

Copy vocabulary

US / blɒˈkeɪd /

UK / blɑ:ˈkeɪd /

B2
  • noun
  • Arrangement that blocks or impedes movement
  • verb
  • To block or impede the movement of people, objects

election

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of choosing someone by voting

historian

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪˈstɔ:riən /

UK / hɪˈstɔriən /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who studies the course of history

its

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

officer

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɒfɪsə(r) /

UK / ˈɔ:fɪsə(r) /

B1
  • noun
  • Person of high position in an organization
  • Person of high position in the military

militant

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mɪlɪtənt /

UK / ˈmɪlɪtənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Using strong forceful methods to achieve a goal
  • noun
  • People advocating force to achieve a goal

minister

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • An official who heads a government department
  • Person who performs Christian services

who

Copy vocabulary

US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

approach

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
  • Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
  • Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
  • verb
  • To get close to reaching something or somewhere
  • To request someone to do something specific

both

Copy vocabulary

US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

deepen

Copy vocabulary

US / 'di:pən /

UK / ˈdipən /

B1
  • verb
  • To become louder, lower or greater in degree

erupt

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈrʌpt /

UK / ɪˈrʌpt /

B1
  • verb
  • To begin doing something or happen suddenly
  • (Volcano) to spill hot rocks, smoke, and fire

hold

Copy vocabulary

US / həʊld /

UK / hold /

A1
  • noun
  • Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
  • Influence or power held over someone
  • Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
  • verb
  • To agree to keep something for someone
  • To have the capacity to support/contain something
  • To control an area and protect it from attack
  • To not allow someone to leave a place
  • To cause an event to happen at a place or time
  • To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
  • To have a specific quality or property
  • To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
  • To have or own something
  • To wait before being able to talk on the phone
  • To limit the movement of someone in a sport

military

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the army or navy
  • noun
  • Army or armed forces

personally

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpɜ:sənəli /

UK / ˈpəsənəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • By a specific person, and not by anyone else
  • Knowing someone as a friend, or closely

police

Copy vocabulary

US / pəˈli:s /

UK / pəˈlis /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the police and its business
  • noun
  • People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
  • verb
  • To control an area, or group with a police force

socially

Copy vocabulary

US / 'səʊʃəlɪ /

UK / ˈsoʃəlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • As part of a social group

surpass

Copy vocabulary

US / sə'pɑ:s /

UK / sɚˈpæs /

B2
  • verb
  • To go beyond or achieve more than someone

territory

Copy vocabulary

US / 'terətrɪ /

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

B1
  • noun
  • Area of land defended by an animal
  • Area of particular knowledge or experience
  • Area owned or controlled by a government, person
  • Area of land with a specific defining feature

abstain

Copy vocabulary

US / əbˈsteɪn /

UK / æbˈsten, əb- /

C1
  • verb
  • To choose not to do, eat, drink (something bad)
  • To vote neither for nor against a proposal

close

Copy vocabulary

US / kləʊz /

UK / kloʊz /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Almost; near
  • (Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
  • Being near or related
  • Similar; nearly the same
  • verb
  • To come progressively nearer to something
  • To end; to bring to an end
  • To make something shut; stop from being open

ethically

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eθɪklɪ /

UK / 'eθɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • As regards moral principles and rules of behavior

jim

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒɪm /

UK / ˈdʒɪm /

A1

neighbour

Copy vocabulary

US / 'neɪbə(r) /

UK / ˈnebɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who lives, or is near, you

son

Copy vocabulary

US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Male child; friendly way of addressing a boy

take

Copy vocabulary

US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

cafe

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kæfeɪ /

UK / kæ'feɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Small restaurant selling drinks and snacks

follow

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

sorcerer

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɔ:sərə(r) /

UK / ˈsɔrsəɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • (In movies or books) person with magic powers

shocked

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃɒkt /

UK / ʃɑːkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very upset by some unexpected event
  • verb
  • To affect someone with an electrical current
  • To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

ariel

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eərɪəl /

UK / 'eərɪrl /

A1
  • noun
  • A gazelle found in the Middle East and North Africa.
  • proper noun
  • A satellite of Uranus discovered in 1851, the twelfth closest to the planet and the fourth largest,
  • A series of six American and British satellites devoted to studies of the ionosphere and X-ray astro

also

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

five

Copy vocabulary

US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

how

Copy vocabulary

US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

Copy vocabulary

US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

live

Copy vocabulary

US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

year

Copy vocabulary

US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

Copy vocabulary

US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

actively

Copy vocabulary

US / 'æktɪvlɪ /

UK / 'æktɪvlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Doing things to achieve a specific goal

bad

Copy vocabulary

US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

disobedience

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌdɪsəˈbi:diəns /

UK / ˌdɪsəˈbidiəns /

B1
  • noun
  • Doing what is not following the rules

correspondent

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt /

UK / ˌkɔrɪˈspɑndənt, ˌkɑr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Journalist, as one reporting from other countries

december

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈsembə(r) /

UK / dɪˈsɛmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • The 12th month of the year

foil

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔɪl /

UK / fɔɪl /

B2
  • noun
  • Very thin layer of metal
  • verb
  • To cleverly prevent (plot/crime) from happening

illusion

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'lu:ʒn /

UK / ɪˈluʒən /

B2
  • noun
  • Idea, image or impression that is not correct

three

Copy vocabulary

US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

university

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

A1
  • noun
  • High-level educational institution; college

munich

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mju:nɪk /

UK / 'mju:nɪk /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A city in southeastern Germany, capital of Bavaria; population 1,294,600 (est. 2006).

man

Copy vocabulary

US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

strip

Copy vocabulary

US / strɪp /

UK / strɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • Long narrow piece, such as ribbon or land
  • verb
  • To remove your clothes (often sexily for someone)
  • To remove something, e.g. paint from a wall
  • To take property, dignity away from (someone)

state

Copy vocabulary

US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

across

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

may

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

play

Copy vocabulary

US / pleɪ /

UK / pleɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Loose, free movement between two objects
  • Single action in a sports game
  • Performance in which people act in a theater
  • verb
  • To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
  • To perform music on an instrument
  • To use a device, e.g. a video game
  • To do something for enjoyment and fun
  • To do or perform a game or sport

this

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

lead

Copy vocabulary

US / li:d /

UK / lid /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the main part in movies or plays
  • noun
  • Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • Information that could help to solve a crime
  • Main part in a play or movie
  • Heavy, gray metal element
  • Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
  • Act of being at the front in a race or game
  • verb
  • To show the way or guide others
  • To be at the front of a race or game
  • To travel in front of; go in advance of others

palestinians

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌpælɪˈstɪnɪənz /

UK / ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz /

A1
  • other
  • People from Palestine

rocket

Copy vocabulary

US / 'rɒkɪt /

UK / ˈrɑkɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Powerful engine that releases hot gases
  • Dark green, hot-tasting salad leaf
  • Weapon shaped like a long tube carrying bombs
  • Vehicle transporting people or things into space
  • verb
  • To travel, increase, or rise very quickly

the

Copy vocabulary

US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

wall

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔ:l /

UK / wɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • High, flat side of a room or building

into

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

john

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒɔn /

UK / dʒɑn /

A1
  • noun
  • A toilet.
  • A prostitute's client.
  • proper noun
  • (1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
  • The name of six kings of Portugal.

one

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

pull

Copy vocabulary

US / pʊl /

UK / pʊl /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
  • Force something has that draws other things to it
  • Using your hands to move something to you
  • verb
  • To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
  • To hold something and move it toward you
  • To remove something by force

power

Copy vocabulary

US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

settle

Copy vocabulary

US / 'setl /

UK / ˈsɛtl /

A2
  • noun
  • Type of wooden seat
  • verb
  • To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
  • To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
  • To end some troubles by reaching an agreement
  • To become accustomed to a new environment
  • (Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container

turn

Copy vocabulary

US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

Copy vocabulary

US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

won

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn, won /

A1
  • verb
  • To gain something you want because of your efforts
  • To succeed in a game or contest

bank

Copy vocabulary

US / bæŋk /

UK / bæŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A financial institution that keeps or lends money
  • The side of a river
  • A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
  • verb
  • To put or keep your money in a bank
  • To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

dismantle

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪs'mæntl /

UK / dɪsˈmæntl /

B2
  • verb
  • To take something apart in an organized way

faction

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfækʃn /

UK / ˈfækʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Group within a larger group, with a different aim

order

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

mediterranean

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən /

UK / ˌmɛdɪtəˈreniən, -ˈrenjən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Describing the sea between Italy and Africa

rabin

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌrɑˈbin /

UK / /

A1

path

Copy vocabulary

US / pɑ:θ /

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of living leading to a particular result
  • Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

next

Copy vocabulary

US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

government

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people and system that rule a nation

process

Copy vocabulary

US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

sad

Copy vocabulary

US / sæd /

UK / sæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Unhappy; wishing something hadn't happened

occupation

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɑkjəˈpeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A career or regular job
  • Act of entering and taking control of an area

settler

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsetlə(r) /

UK / ˈsɛtlɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person going to live in an uninhabited region

recently

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈri:sntli /

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just a while ago; not long ago

violate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvaɪəleɪt /

UK / ˈvaɪəˌlet /

B1
  • verb
  • To abuse, damage or disrespect
  • To break rules or laws; disregard important rights
  • To force sex acts on a person against their will

with

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

blood

Copy vocabulary

US / blʌd /

UK / blʌd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Related by birth; family
  • noun
  • Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
  • verb
  • To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

defeat

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'fi:t /

UK / dɪˈfit /

B1
  • noun
  • When you lose a fight, game or competition
  • verb
  • To beat an enemy, team, disease

group

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡru:p /

UK / ɡrup /

A1
  • noun
  • Two or more musicians who play music together
  • Number of people or things gathered together
  • verb
  • To combine or collect objects or people together

hundred

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

hugely

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhju:dʒli /

UK / ˈhjuːdʒli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Greatly; extremely

month

Copy vocabulary

US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

palestine

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpæləstaɪn /

UK / ˈpæləstaɪn /

A1
  • other
  • A former British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel i
  • An ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgr

world

Copy vocabulary

US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

young

Copy vocabulary

US / jʌŋ /

UK / jʌŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At an early stage of existence; not mature
  • Being recently created or started
  • noun
  • Babies in a group or family of animals

accord

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'kɔ:d /

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Agreement or harmony
  • An agreement or treaty between countries
  • verb
  • To be in harmony or agreement; consent
  • To give (someone) the respect due to them

expert

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having special knowledge or skill
  • noun
  • Skillful person with special knowledge

see

Copy vocabulary

US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

strictly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈstrɪktli /

UK / ˈstrɪktli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In compliance with the rules

almost

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

century

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

have

Copy vocabulary

US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

Copy vocabulary

US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

oversee

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌəʊvə'si: /

UK / ˌovɚˈsi /

B2
  • verb
  • To check on or manage the work of others

part

Copy vocabulary

US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

partition

Copy vocabulary

US / pɑ:'tɪʃn /

UK / pɑrˈtɪʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • A wall, screen, etc. used to separate areas
  • verb
  • To separate areas by adding borders, walls etc.

western

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈwestən /

UK / ˈwestərn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Movies often about cowboys in the American West
  • Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

air

Copy vocabulary

US / eə(r) /

UK / er /

A1
  • noun
  • Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
  • A person's manner intended to impress others
  • verb
  • To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
  • To broadcast a TV or radio show
  • To open a subject to discussion and debate

apprentice

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈprentɪs /

UK / əˈprɛntɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Person learning a trade by working for an expert

assert

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'sɜ:t /

UK / əˈsɚt /

B1
  • verb
  • To state or declare your ideas positively strongly

decade

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdekeɪd /

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

B1
  • noun
  • Period of 10 years

full

Copy vocabulary

US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely

history

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Established pattern or record
  • Study of past events as an academic subject

misread

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌmɪs'ri:d /

UK / ˌmɪs'ri:d /

B1
  • verb
  • To get the meaning of a text wrong
  • To have the wrong impression about something

uproot

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌʌpˈru:t /

UK / ʌpˈrut, -ˈrʊt /

C1
  • verb
  • To pull or transfer something from where it grows

backlash

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbæklæʃ /

UK / ˈbækˌlæʃ /

C2
  • noun
  • a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to something that has recently c

could

Copy vocabulary

US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

gaza

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɡɑːzə /

UK / ˈɡɑːzə /

A1

know

Copy vocabulary

US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

public

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pʌblɪk /

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Owned by the government
  • Concerning society in general
  • Being available or accessible to people in general
  • Known or able to be known by all people

suffer

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To experience pain, illness, or injury

center

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sentə /

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Community place people go health or social reasons
  • Place in the middle of something
  • Person or thing that is attracting attention
  • verb
  • To direct focus toward something

chapter

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtʃæptə(r) /

UK / ˈtʃæptɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Small local group forming part of a larger one
  • One of the main sections of a book
  • Period or time in your life, e.g. your childhood

end

Copy vocabulary

US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

exist

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

A1
  • verb
  • To be present, alive or real

israeli

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪz'reɪlɪ /

UK / ɪzˈreli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Israel

interest

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪntrəst /

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
  • Fee for borrowing money
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

prime

Copy vocabulary

US / praɪm /

UK / praɪm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the highest in quality or value
  • Concerning the highest level of achievement
  • Most important, chief importance in value
  • verb
  • To get a person ready for; prepare someone
  • To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

administration

Copy vocabulary

US / ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn /

UK / ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
  • The work of running something, e.g. a business
  • People managing a business, government etc.

aviv

Copy vocabulary

US / ɑˈviv /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • In the ancient Hebrew calendar: the first month of the ecclesiastical year and the seventh of the ci

from

Copy vocabulary

US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

jewel

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dʒu:əl /

UK / ˈdʒuəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Precious stone like a diamond; gem

out

Copy vocabulary

US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

Copy vocabulary

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

press

Copy vocabulary

US / pres /

UK / prɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
  • General term for TV, radio, newspapers
  • A machine that prints books and newspapers
  • verb
  • To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
  • To repeatedly ask someone to do something
  • To print something such as a book or newspaper
  • To push something against something else
  • To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

terrorize

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈterəraɪz /

UK / ˈtɛrəˌraɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To frighten by saying you will hurt or kill

syria

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪrɪə /

UK / 'sɪrɪr /

A1
  • other
  • An Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world

aftermath

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɑ:ftəmæθ /

UK / ˈæftərmæθ /

A1
  • noun
  • The bad result/situation after an event

abandon

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'bændən /

UK / əˈbændən /

B1
  • noun
  • Wild, carefree behavior
  • verb
  • To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
  • To withdraw your support, or leave someone
  • To stop doing or having (hope, plans); give up
  • To leave a place, car and not go back
  • To surrender to a desire, with little self-control

and

Copy vocabulary

US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

Copy vocabulary

US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

hope

Copy vocabulary

US / həʊp /

UK / hop /

A1
  • noun
  • When you wish something will happen; what you wish
  • verb
  • To expect and want something to happen

lot

Copy vocabulary

US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

Copy vocabulary

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
  • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
  • noun
  • High-ranking officer in the army
  • Main subject you study at university
  • verb
  • To study a particular subject at university

pain

Copy vocabulary

US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

netanyahu

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1

propose

Copy vocabulary

US / prə'pəʊz /

UK / prəˈpoz /

A2
  • verb
  • To make an offer of marriage
  • To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

rout

Copy vocabulary

US / raʊt /

UK / raʊt /

B2
  • verb
  • To defeat (a team, opponent) overwhelmingly

simmer

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪmə(r) /

UK / ˈsɪmɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To cook or be cooked so that it is just boiling

suicide

Copy vocabulary

US / 'su:ɪsaɪd /

UK / ˈsuɪˌsaɪd /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of purposely killing yourself
  • Act that ruins a person's career, status etc.

until

Copy vocabulary

US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

conflict

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

A2
  • noun
  • Argument or struggle between two or more parties
  • verb
  • To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

east

Copy vocabulary

US / i:st /

UK / i:st /

A1
  • noun
  • Direction where the sun rises
  • Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

gunman

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈgʌnmən /

UK / ˈɡʌnmən /

C2
  • noun
  • Person who shoots a gun (as specified)

olympic

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈlɪmpɪk /

UK / oˈlɪmpɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to the Olympic Games

rather

Copy vocabulary

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Somewhat; fairly; not that much

soldier

Copy vocabulary

US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person working in an army to fight

far

Copy vocabulary

US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

resentment

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪˈzentmənt /

UK / rɪˈzɛntmənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Feeling of anger because of unfair treatment

seize

Copy vocabulary

US / si:z /

UK / siz /

B1
  • verb
  • To take a place with force, as by military action
  • To arrest or catch someone
  • To take someone's property with legal authority
  • To take hold of something suddenly and violently

tree

Copy vocabulary

US / tri: /

UK / tri /

A1
  • noun
  • Tall green plants in a forest

where

Copy vocabulary

US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

another

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

arafat

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈærəˌfæt, ˈɑ:rəˌfɑ:t /

UK / ˈærəˌfæt, ˈɑrəˌfɑt /

A1
  • other
  • Palestinian statesman who was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization

critic

Copy vocabulary

US / 'krɪtɪk /

UK / ˈkrɪtɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who judges (e.g. art) and gives opinions

jordan

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒɔ:dn /

UK / ˈdʒɔrdn /

A1
  • noun
  • An Arab kingdom in southwestern Asia on the Red Sea

region

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ri:dʒən /

UK / ˈridʒən /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

any

Copy vocabulary

US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

come

Copy vocabulary

US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

distance

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dɪstəns /

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Lack of friendliness toward another person
  • Amount of space between two places or things
  • verb
  • To make it clear that you are not involved

detonate

Copy vocabulary

US / 'detəneɪt /

UK / ˈdɛtn:ˌet /

C1
  • verb
  • To trigger or start an explosion

german

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒɜːmən /

UK / ˈdʒɜːrmən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Germany
  • noun
  • Person from Germany

lehrer

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈlɛrər /

UK / /

A1

newshour

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1

think

Copy vocabulary

US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

bar

Copy vocabulary

US / bɑ:(r) /

UK / bɑ:r /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of (soap, chocolate etc.)
  • Professional organization of lawyers and judges
  • String of musical notes
  • Place to meet friends and buy alcoholic drinks
  • Long solid round piece of metal shaped like a pipe
  • verb
  • To prevent entry, exit or an action

early

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

manipulate

Copy vocabulary

US / mə'nɪpjʊleɪt /

UK / məˈnɪpjəˌlet /

B1
  • verb
  • To try to control others to gain an advantage
  • To handle or work in a skillful manner

most

Copy vocabulary

US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

secret

Copy vocabulary

US / 'si:krət /

UK / 'si:krət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • That you don't want others to know; private
  • noun
  • Information you do not want others to know

screen

Copy vocabulary

US / skri:n /

UK / skrin /

A2
  • noun
  • Wire net in a door or window to keep insects out
  • Displays in a theater on which movies are shown
  • Flat surface on a computer or TV showing images
  • verb
  • To hide or block something from being seen
  • To examine to find something, e.g. best candidate

saudi

Copy vocabulary

US / 'saʊdɪ /

UK / 'saʊdɪ /

A1
  • other
  • A native or inhabitant of Saudi Arabia

august

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔːˈɡʌst /

UK / ɔːˈɡʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (of person) Well known and respected
  • noun
  • 8th month of the year

exile

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eksaɪl /

UK / ˈɛɡˌzaɪl, ˈɛkˌsaɪl /

B2
  • noun
  • State of being forced to leave your country
  • One forced to leave their home and live elsewhere
  • verb
  • One forced to leave their home and live elsewhere

height

Copy vocabulary

US / haɪt /

UK / haɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance of something from the bottom to the top

put

Copy vocabulary

US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

translate

Copy vocabulary

US / trænsˈleɪt /

UK / trænsˈlet /

A2
  • verb
  • To change something into a different state
  • To be equivalent to; equate to
  • To change a text, speech into a different language
  • To change words from one language into another

two

Copy vocabulary

US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

trigger

Copy vocabulary

US / 'trɪɡə(r) /

UK / ˈtrɪɡɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • Device that starts a process
  • verb
  • To start a process off e.g. a memory

ally

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ælaɪ /

UK / 'ælaɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
  • verb
  • To join a group to offer or receive support

carry

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkæri /

UK / ˈkæri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have a child, be pregnant
  • To have a disease you might give to others
  • (Of stores) to sell a particular product
  • To hold something and move it to another place
  • To travel a long distance (sound)
  • To support the weight or burden of something

civilian

Copy vocabulary

US / sə'vɪlɪən /

UK / sɪˈvɪljən /

B2
  • noun
  • Ordinary person who is not in the army

mosque

Copy vocabulary

US / mɒsk /

UK / mɑ:sk /

B1
  • noun
  • Muslim temple or place of worship

stunning

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈstʌnɪŋ /

UK / ˈstʌnɪŋ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing amazement, e.g. because so very good
  • verb
  • To greatly shock or surprise; totally amaze
  • To incapacitate using a special gun

against

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

march

Copy vocabulary

US / mɑ:tʃ /

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
  • 3rd month of the year
  • Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
  • Progress towards a future time or place
  • Public walk by a group to demand change
  • verb
  • To force someone to walk somewhere
  • (Soldiers) to walk in time with others
  • To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
  • To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

law

Copy vocabulary

US / lɔ: /

UK / lɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Field of study that relates to the legal profession
  • A rule made and enforced by a government
  • System or rules made by the government

leader

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈli:də(r) /

UK / ˈlidɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who is in charge of a group or task
  • Person or group who is currently winning

november

Copy vocabulary

US / nəʊˈvembə(r) /

UK / noˈvɛmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • 11th month of the year

now

Copy vocabulary

US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

study

Copy vocabulary

US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

would

Copy vocabulary

US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

brutal

Copy vocabulary

US / 'bru:tl /

UK / ˈbrutl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Extremely violent or mean

liberation

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌlɪbə'reɪʃn /

UK / ˌlɪbəˈreʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of setting someone or something free

want

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

belief

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪˈli:f /

UK / bɪˈlif /

A1
  • noun
  • Being sure that something exists or is true
  • Trust in an idea or set of ideas
  • A particular opinion about something

cynically

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪnɪklɪ /

UK / ˈsɪnɪklɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • In the belief that people's motives are always bad

our

Copy vocabulary

US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

outnumber

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / aʊtˈnʌmbɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To be larger than something in number

not

Copy vocabulary

US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

refugee

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌrefjuˈdʒi: /

UK / ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi /

B2
  • noun
  • Person forced to leave their home e.g. due to war

themselves

Copy vocabulary

US / ðəmˈselvz /

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'they'

terrorism

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈterərɪzəm /

UK / ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Use of violent acts to make people afraid

arab

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈærəb /

UK / ˈærəb /

C2
  • noun
  • Citizen of an Arabic speaking nation

farmer

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfɑ:mə(r) /

UK / ˈfɑ:rmə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who operates a farm

jewish

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒu:ɪʃ /

UK / ˈdʒuɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve

represent

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
  • To show or describe something in a particular way
  • To act on behalf of others in government
  • To act or speak for another person or other people

surprise

Copy vocabulary

US / səˈpraɪz /

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • That surprises you; not expected
  • noun
  • Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
  • verb
  • To do something that another person didn't expect

achieve

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'tʃi:v /

UK / əˈtʃiv /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

benjamin

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbendʒəmin /

UK / ˈbɛndʒəmən /

A1
  • proper noun
  • (in the Bible) a Hebrew patriarch, the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel (Gen. 35:18, 42, etc.).

can

Copy vocabulary

US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

contest

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒntest /

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛst /

B1
  • noun
  • Struggle or competition between rivals
  • verb
  • To struggle or compete against other people
  • To not accept an official or legal judgment

clamp

Copy vocabulary

US / klæmp /

UK / klæmp /

B2
  • noun
  • Something used to fasten two things together
  • verb
  • To hold something tight so it cannot move

decision

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Choice made after thinking; final judgment
  • Ability to make quick and confident choices

recent

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ri:snt /

UK / ˈrisənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or beginning not long ago

towards

Copy vocabulary

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the direction of someone or something

war

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

but

Copy vocabulary

US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

expansion

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪkˈspænʃn /

UK / ɪkˈspænʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Making or becoming larger

good

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

give

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

golan

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈgoʊlən /

UK / /

A1

intifada

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪntɪfeɪdə /

UK / 'ɪntɪfeɪdə /

A1
  • noun
  • Uprising or rebellion

life

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

negotiator

Copy vocabulary

US / nɪˈgəʊʃieɪtə(r) /

UK / nɪˈɡoʃɪˌetɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person holding a discussion to reach agreement

river

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

security

Copy vocabulary

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

A2
  • noun
  • Department in a company in charge of protection
  • Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
  • Person paid to protect property and people
  • Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
  • Condition of being safe from danger or harm

camp

Copy vocabulary

US / kæmp /

UK / kæmp /

A2
  • noun
  • A (military) base
  • Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
  • Place where people live for a short time in tents
  • verb
  • To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

evict

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈvɪkt /

UK / ɪˈvɪkt /

B2
  • verb
  • To force someone to leave their home/other place

for

Copy vocabulary

US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

plo

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • Palestine Liberation Organization.

religion

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪˈlɪdʒən /

UK / rɪˈlɪdʒən /

A2
  • noun
  • Organized set of beliefs about a god or gods
  • Belief in God or gods that governs people's lives

time

Copy vocabulary

US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

tolerate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtɒləreɪt /

UK / ˈtɑ:ləreɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To be able to adjust to changes of various kinds
  • To be able to survive under specific conditions
  • To let people do, say or believe what they wish
  • To be able to drink (e.g. alcohol) without effects

yang

Copy vocabulary

US / jæŋ /

UK / jæŋ /

A1
  • other
  • Bright positive masculine principle in Chinese dualistic cosmology

border

Copy vocabulary

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer part or edge of something
  • Line separating one country, state from another
  • verb
  • To be right next to another country or state
  • To form the edge of something
  • To form the edge of (road, etc.)

combination

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
  • Act or result of mixing things together

hamas

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhɑːmɑːs /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • A militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrori

massacre

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mæsəkə(r) /

UK / ˈmæsəkɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Killing of a large number of people
  • verb
  • To kill a large number of people

much

Copy vocabulary

US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

remnant

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈremnənt /

UK / ˈrɛmnənt /

B2
  • noun
  • Piece of cloth left over
  • Small parts left of thing that has been destroyed

unilaterally

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌju:nɪˈlætərəlɪ /

UK / ˌjunɪˈlætərəlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • By means of one part or party

wing

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪŋ /

UK / wɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of an animal's body that is used for flying
  • One of the two parts on the side of a plane, bird
  • verb
  • To fly to a place

under

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

crisis

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

legislative

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈledʒɪslətɪv /

UK / ˈlɛdʒɪˌsletɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having the power or ability to make laws
  • Concerning making laws

leverage

Copy vocabulary

US / 'li:vərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə- /

B2
  • noun
  • An advantage which gives you influence or power
  • verb
  • To use an advantage which gives you influence

middle

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mɪdl /

UK / ˈmidl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Equal distance from extremes
  • noun
  • Place that is halfway between two things

never

Copy vocabulary

US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

replace

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

UK / rɪˈples /

A2
  • verb
  • To use instead of something else
  • To return an item to its original location

ramallah

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈreɪkɪʃ /

UK / ˈrekɪʃ /

A1

conquest

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkɒŋkwest /

UK / ˈkɑ:ŋkwest /

B2
  • noun
  • Land or a nation won or taken by force, an army

difficult

Copy vocabulary

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

handout

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhændaʊt /

UK / ˈhændˌaʊt /

B2
  • noun
  • A piece of paper with information given in class
  • something such as food, clothing, or money that is given free to someone who has a great need for it

friction

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfrɪkʃn /

UK / ˈfrɪkʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Disagreement between two or more people
  • Force preventing motion between bodies in contact

negotiate

Copy vocabulary

US / nɪˈgəʊʃieɪt /

UK / nɪˈgoʊʃieɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To have a formal discussion to reach an agreement
  • To manage a difficult task or path successfully

street

Copy vocabulary

US / stri:t /

UK / strit /

A1
  • noun
  • Road in a city with buildings and places to walk

tel

Copy vocabulary

US / tɛl /

UK / tel /

C2
  • noun
  • Short form of 'telephone', used with phone numbers

limit

Copy vocabulary

US / 'lɪmɪt /

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Point beyond which it is not possible to go
  • verb
  • To stop or prevent an increase past a point

land

Copy vocabulary

US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

protest

Copy vocabulary

US / 'prəʊtest /

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

A2
  • noun
  • Forceful argument against something
  • Objection to something
  • verb
  • To argue against something in a forceful way
  • To express a strong objection or dislike

set

Copy vocabulary

US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

start

Copy vocabulary

US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

stateless

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsteɪtləs /

UK / ˈstetlɪs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Without nationality or citizenship

begin

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

homeless

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhəʊmləs /

UK / ˈhomlɪs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having no home; living on the streets

kill

Copy vocabulary

US / kɪl /

UK / kɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal killed by a person or other animal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
  • To end the life of a person or other living thing
  • To be very funny
  • To prevent something from continuing or operating
  • To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

mandate

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mændeɪt /

UK / ˈmænˌdet /

B2
  • noun
  • Official command or order
  • verb
  • To order that something is done

affiliate

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈfɪlieɪt /

UK / əˈfɪliˌeɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Organization that is associated with another
  • verb
  • To connect an organization with a larger one

catastrophe

Copy vocabulary

US / kə'tæstrəfɪ /

UK / kəˈtæstrəfi /

B2
  • noun
  • Very bad disaster causing much suffering, etc.

home

Copy vocabulary

US / həʊm /

UK / hom /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A sports team's own field or place of play
  • adverb
  • Into the correct or intended position
  • noun
  • House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
  • Institution for sick or elderly people
  • Place where a person or a family lives
  • Country where a person lives or was born
  • Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
  • verb
  • To move towards a particular target location

jew

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒuː /

UK / dʒuː /

C2
  • noun
  • One of a people whose religion is Judaism

line

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

nation

Copy vocabulary

US / 'neɪʃn /

UK / ˈneʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Area or region controlled by a government and army

outspoken

Copy vocabulary

US / aʊtˈspəʊkən /

UK / aʊtˈspoʊkən /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Saying (too) clearly what you think

occasionally

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈkeɪʒnəli /

UK / əˈkeɪʒən(ə)li /

A2
  • adverb
  • Not very often; sometimes; seldom

religious

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪˈlɪdʒəs /

UK / rɪˈlɪdʒəs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Following the rules and beliefs of a faith

talk

Copy vocabulary

US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

television

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtelɪvɪʒn /

UK / ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Device that broadcasts programs, movies or show

tension

Copy vocabulary

US / 'tenʃn /

UK / ˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
  • Degree to which something is stretched tight

commander

Copy vocabulary

US / kəˈmɑ:ndə(r) /

UK / kəˈmændə(r) /

B1
  • noun
  • Person with authority who commands or controls

control

Copy vocabulary

US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

dependent

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈpendənt /

UK / dɪˈpɛndənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Someone who relies on (financial) support

elect

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪ'lekt /

UK / ɪˈlɛkt /

B1
  • verb
  • To select someone for a position by voting

mount

Copy vocabulary

US / maʊnt /

UK / maʊnt /

B2
  • noun
  • An attachment used to keep something in place
  • Title of a specific mountain
  • Horse that someone is riding
  • verb
  • To attach something to something else
  • To set a picture, jewel etc. in
  • To sit on a horse or bike in order to ride it
  • To climb a mountain
  • To organize an exhibition, race etc.
  • To start (an attack) against an enemy

lebanon

Copy vocabulary

US / 'lebənən /

UK / 'lebənən /

A1
  • other
  • An Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean

those

Copy vocabulary

US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker
  • Subtitles section
  • Of all the regions in the world, none may have as complicated a history as the Middle East.
  • The center of three religious faiths, the area has been conquered, contested, and ruled by various empires across millennia.
  • John Yang takes a look at the most recent history of conflict and conquest, and of suffering and strife that has led the region to where it is today.
  • JOHN YANG, PBS NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT, ISRAEL NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT, ISRAEL NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT, ISRAEL NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT, ISRAEL NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT, ISRAEL NEWSHOUR about who controls the land between the River Jordan and the Mediterranean Sea.
  • Saudi Arabia?
  • No. Soviet Union?
  • Yes.
  • United Kingdom?
  • Abstain.
  • The United States?
  • Yes.
  • In November 1947, in the aftermath of the Holocaust, the United Nations voted to partition what was then the British Mandate of Palestine into two independent states, one Jewish, one Arab.
  • Jerusalem, fought over for centuries, was to be under international administration.
  • The city is central to three major religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
  • A small area of the city is one of the most sacred sites for both Jews and Muslims.
  • The Western Wall, the remnants of the first and second Jewish temples, and, above it, Temple Mount, also hallowed ground for Muslims who refer to it as al-Haram al-Sharif, the noble sanctuary.
  • In 1948, Israel declared independence, which was followed by the first of what would be many wars between Israel and its Arab neighbors.
  • Hundreds of thousands of Arabs were evicted, an event known in the Arab world as the Nakba, the catastrophe.
  • More than a half-million fled to refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.
  • YAZID SAYO, Palestinian Historian and Activist, The New York Times NewsHour NewsHour.
  • Some were expelled by force.
  • Some were terrorized and fled.
  • Historian Yazid Sayo was a Palestinian negotiator in peace talks in the 1990s.
  • YAZID SAYO, Palestinian Historian and Activist, The New York Times NewsHour NewsHour.
  • These were the people who went from being farmers and peasants to being refugees totally dependent on handouts.
  • In 1967, with stunning speed, Israel defeated a surprise attack by Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in the Six-Day War, seizing Gaza from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and from Jordan, the West Bank, and the jewel in the crown of three faiths,
  • East Jerusalem.
  • Thousands of Israelis would move to those territories and settle, violating international laws set by the United Nations.
  • Palestinian resistance groups stepped up terror attacks, a tactic backed by the Palestine Liberation Organization, or PLO, which started to represent Palestinians on the world stage in the mid-1960s.
  • This included airliner hijackings and the 1972 Munich Olympic massacre, a terrorist attack that played out on television screens around the world, and ended with the deaths of 11 Israelis, one German police officer,
  • And five Palestinian gunmen.
  • Then, in December 1987, a combination of factors led to largely spontaneous Palestinian protests, civil disobedience, and violent attacks against Israeli soldiers and civilians.
  • It was the first Palestinian intifada, or uprising.
  • The Israeli military responded with brutal force, and out of the first intifada emerged Hamas.
  • YOSSI ALFER, Former Massad Official, Tel Aviv University When Hamas emerged under Israeli military occupation, the Israeli approach was to tolerate it.
  • Yossi Alfer is a former Massad official and the former director of the Jaffe Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University.
  • YOSSI ALFER, Former Massad Official, Tel Aviv University It was considered to be strictly religious, not political.
  • That illusion didn't last long.
  • It was seen as a kind of foil that Israel could manipulate against the PLO.
  • In 1988, PLO leader Yasser Arafat recognized Israel's right to exist, but Hamas held to its belief that Israel should be eliminated.
  • They wanted to appear more militant.
  • It's hugely ironic that, of course, Israel at that time had an interest in tolerating Hamas, if not actively encouraging it, until the apprentice turned on the sorcerer, so to speak.
  • In 1989, Arafat spoke from exile in Tunisia with the late Jim Lehrer.
  • You can't imagine how difficult our life are as refugees, as homeless, stateless.
  • Do you feel that you are close to achieving this, achieving your state?
  • Yes.
  • How close?
  • How much time will it take?
  • Not more than a distance of stone's throw.
  • A distance that, for Palestinians, proved too far.
  • The intifada lasted another four years.
  • In all, almost 2,000 were killed, with Palestinian deaths outnumbering Israeli deaths three to one.
  • Hope for peace came in 1993, when the PLO and Israel signed the first Oslo Accords, the product of secret talks overseen by the Norwegian government.
  • Both sides committed to negotiating an end to the conflict and charting a path to Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza.
  • It triggered a violent backlash from religious extremists among both Israelis and Palestinians, including Hamas.
  • I am very sad and very shocked.
  • And in 1995, a right-wing Jewish extremist assassinated Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
  • The next year, Benjamin Netanyahu, an outspoken critic of the Accords and leader of the right-wing Likud party, was elected prime minister.
  • Netanyahu basically said, Oslo is a mistake.
  • This was the position of the settlers, the position of the right wing.
  • Netanyahu very much rode to power, presenting himself as the expert on terrorism.
  • By 1999, Likud had been defeated, and Netanyahu had been replaced as party leader by Ariel Sharon, a former military commander.
  • A year later, Sharon led a march on the Temple Mount to assert Israeli claims to the bitterly contested site.
  • The streets of East Jerusalem and Ramallah in the West Bank erupted in violence.
  • The Second Intifada was under way, five years of Palestinian suicide bombers detonating themselves in Israeli buses and cafes.
  • Sharon, by then prime minister, ordered Israeli troops into the West Bank and Gaza.
  • The Second Intifada's death toll surpassed 4,300 people, again, more Palestinians than Israelis.
  • Rather than immediately clamp down in order to preserve the peace process,
  • Arafat cynically thought that the violence would act as leverage.
  • This is a total misreading of dynamics on the Israeli side, a total strategic mistake.
  • The Second Intifada killed any residual readiness on the part of the Israeli public to back the Oslo process and to continue turning over territories.
  • Israel began building a security wall between the West Bank and Israel, and renewed expansion of West Bank Jewish settlements.
  • In late 2003, Prime Minister Sharon proposed unilaterally pulling all Israeli troops from Gaza and dismantling the settlements.
  • It pains me a lot, but I have reached a decision, and I am going to carry it out.
  • In August 2005, some 8,000 Israeli settlers abandoned 21 settlements.
  • Israel gave up all governing authority inside Gaza, but continued to control its borders.
  • The next year, Hamas won Gaza's first legislative elections in a decade.
  • Fatah, the party affiliated with the PLO, placed second.
  • Tensions among Palestinian factions would go from bad to worse.
  • The Hamas leaders in Gaza pressed their hard line toward Israel.
  • MAN, Hamas Leader Translated, Israel is our enemy, who occupied our land and killed our leaders and demolished our homes and jailed our sons and uprooted our trees.
  • We will never be its ally.
  • Hamas routed Fatah from Gaza in early 2007, putting control of the territories under different governments, Gaza ruled by Hamas, the West Bank governed by the Palestinian Authority.
  • Israel imposed a blockade on Gaza, limiting the movement of goods and people in and out.
  • It was, in part, a response to continued Hamas attacks out of the Gaza Strip.
  • The U.N. says the blockade has deepened the humanitarian crisis for the more than two million Palestinians living there.
  • You can imagine socially, politically, personally, ethically what that meant, an immense pool of bitterness and resentment.
  • For the past 15 years, tensions have simmered between Palestinians and Israelis, occasionally erupting into a full boil.
  • Recurring rocket fire from Gaza into Israel has led to a series of major Israeli air and ground assaults on Gaza.
  • More recently, there's been friction over Israeli restrictions barring young Muslim men from visiting the Al-Aqsa Mosque on Temple Mount, and, earlier this month, over Israeli settlers gathering at the mosque for Jewish prayers.
  • And now the newest, most violent chapter is being written in the blood of both peoples.