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The Congo War Explained (and why it's escalating)

Original YouTube Video | TLDRnewsGLOBAL Published on 2024-02-17 Level：79 Speed：38 maxwordlevel：29

Video vocabulary

arrive

US / əˈraɪv /

•

UK / əˈraɪv /

verb
To reach the place you are traveling to

ambition

US / æmˈbɪʃn /

•

UK / æmˈbɪʃən /

noun
Desire to win or be successful in life, work

aim

US / eɪm /

•

UK / em /

noun
Act of pointing something at a target
Purpose or goal
verb
To point something at a target
To intend to get a thing or for a thing to happen

dive

US / daɪv /

•

UK / daɪv /

noun
Restaurant, bar or club with a bad reputation
Rapid fall through air
A jump into water head-first from a high place
Rapid fall in the value or price of something
verb
To swim deep under water with an air supply
To rapid fall through air
To jump into water head-first
(Of prices) to rapidly fall

drone

US / drəʊn /

•

UK / dron /

noun
A remote controlled flying device
A continually dull or monotonous voice
Male bee
verb
To talk in a continually dull or monotonous voice

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

failure

US / ˈfeɪljə(r) /

•

UK / 'feɪljər /

noun
When things go wrong; lack of function
Act or result of not achieving your goals

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

particular

US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /

adjecitve
One specific (one)
Having firm ideas about what is desirable
Being special or more than is typical

kivu

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A lake in the mountains of central Africa between Congo and Rwanda

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

rebellion

US / rɪ'beljən /

•

UK / rɪˈbɛljən /

noun
Act of conflicting with someone in authority
Resisting and fighting against existing authority

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

dozen

US / ˈdʌzn /

•

UK / ˈdʌzən /

noun
12 people or things

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

secession

US / sɪˈseʃn /

•

UK / sɪˈsɛʃən /

noun
Act of separating from a nation to be independent

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

stabilize

US / 'steɪbəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪz /

verb
To make stable/consistent, with no major changes

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

february

US / ˈfebruəri /

•

UK / ˈfebrueri /

noun
2nd month of the year

conflict

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

noun
Argument or struggle between two or more parties
verb
To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

native

US / ˈneɪtɪv /

•

UK / ˈnetɪv /

adjecitve
Caused by natural ability; innate
noun
Someone from or born in a specific country
Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
Person speaking a language from birth

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

soldier

US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

noun
Person working in an army to fight

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

muddle

US / 'mʌdl /

•

UK / ˈmʌdl: /

verb
To cause confusion through interference

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

elusive

US / iˈlu:sɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈlusɪv /

adjecitve
Difficult to find or catch
other
Difficult to understand or define

exploitation

US / ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛksplɔɪˈteʃən /

noun
Abuse of, or selfish behavior towards someone
Making full use of the qualities of something

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

uranium

US / juˈreɪniəm /

•

UK / jʊˈreniəm /

noun
Radioactive element used for nuclear energy/weapon

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

annual

US / ˈænjuəl /

•

UK / ˈænjuəl /

adjecitve
Happening once a year, or every year
noun
Book (in a series) released each year

expand

US / ɪk'spænd /

•

UK / ɪkˈspænd /

verb
To make something larger in size, number, amount

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

keen

US / ki:n /

•

UK / kin /

adjecitve
Being eager or excited for something to happen
Liking something; wanting to do or have; desiring
Having highly developed senses (e.g. smell, taste)
Being clever or smart
verb
To make a loud sad cry, as because someone died

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

faceted

US / 'fæsɪtɪd /

•

UK / 'fæsɪtɪd /

adjecitve
Having parts or aspects as specified

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

secure

US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

adjecitve
Being attached to something tightly and surely
(Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
verb
To get or achieve something with certainty
To firmly attach something to something else
To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

rival

US / 'raɪvl /

•

UK / 'raɪvl /

verb
To be nearly as good as others in quality, skill
To be in opposition often as competitors
adjecitve
Matching the quality, skill, et. of others
Opposing; being the team you compete against
noun
Someone you are competing against/trying to beat

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

coltan

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A dull metallic mineral composed of columbite and tantalite, and refined to produce tantalum.

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

uganda

US / jʊ(:)'ɡændə /

•

UK / jʊ'ɡændə /

other
A landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

brilliantly

US / 'brɪlɪəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪljəntlɪ /

adverb
In a very skilled, intelligent or good way

afflict

US / əˈflɪkt /

•

UK / əˈflɪkt /

verb
To hurt someone or something; to cause pain

wealth

US / welθ /

•

UK / wɛlθ /

noun
Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
Great quantity, amount, or number of something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

resurgence

US / rɪˈsɜ:dʒəns /

•

UK / rɪˈsɜ:rdʒəns /

noun
A rise again as to new life and vigor

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

mining

US / ˈmaɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɪŋ /

noun
Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

headquarter

US / 'hed'kwɔ:tə /

•

UK / 'hed'kwɔ:tə /

noun
Main office of a company or organisation

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

distant

US / 'dɪstənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

adjecitve
Unfriendly; cold
Existing or happening far away in place or time
(Of relationships) not being closely related

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

spark

US / spɑ:k /

•

UK / spɑrk /

noun
Small piece of burning material produced by fire
Tiny, brief bit of light caused by electric energy
First small part of an idea or feeling
verb
To make tiny, brief bits of light
To start something new; To set in motion, activate

observation

US / ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑbzɚˈveʃən /

noun
Remark or comment on something you noticed
Practice of performing actions required by rules

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

drc

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
Democratic Republic of Congo.

cup

US / kʌp /

•

UK / kʌp /

noun
Small round container used for drinking
Silver trophy teams compete to win
Unit of measurement for foods or liquids
verb
To make the shape of a bowl with your hands

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

device

US / dɪˈvaɪs /

•

UK / dɪˈvaɪs /

noun
Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
Method of doing something; a way

fear

US / fɪə(r) /

•

UK / fɪr /

noun
Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
verb
To be afraid of or nervous about something

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

anger

US / ˈæŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡɚ /

noun
Feelings of being upset, mad or annoyed
A strong feeling we can get if we think we're being treated badly
verb
To make someone mad, upset, or annoyed

viewer

US / ˈvju:ə(r) /

•

UK / ˈvjuɚ /

noun
Special machine to look at pictures
Someone who watches, e.g. television

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

twentieth

US / 'twentɪəθ /

•

UK / ˈtwɛntiɪθ, ˈtwʌn- /

noun
20th

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

lucrative

US / ˈlu:krətɪv /

•

UK / ˈlukrətɪv /

adjecitve
Producing a lot of money

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

belgium

US / 'beldʒəm /

•

UK / 'beldʒəm /

noun
A monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Tr

allege

US / əˈledʒ /

•

UK / əˈlɛdʒ /

verb
To state without proof

african

US / ˈæfrɪkən /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Africa
noun
Person from Africa

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

tin

US / tɪn /

•

UK / tɪn /

noun
Metal container used for storing e.g. food
Metal that cans are often made from
Soft, shiny, white blue metal, with various uses

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

post

US / pəʊst /

•

UK / post /

noun
Message delivered or shared in an online group
Piece of wood, metal in the ground for support
Job or position within an organization or company
Place where a soldier, etc. is ordered to go
verb
To send a letter or package using stamps
To share a message on an internet discussion group
To send a soldier somewhere to do a job
To put a message in public for everyone to see

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

geopolitical

US / ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˌdʒi:oʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

adjecitve
Concerning geopolitics

apparent

US / ə'pærənt /

•

UK / əˈpærənt, əˈpɛr- /

adjecitve
Easy to see or clearly understand
Seeming to exist or be true, but may not be

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

troop

US / tru:p /

•

UK / trup /

noun
Group of people
Group of mammals or birds
A group of soldiers
verb
To walk past in a group or large number
To move or gather in a crowd

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

outsize

US / ˈautˌsaiz /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌsaɪz /

adjecitve
Too big for a person or other thing

multi

US / 'mʌlti /

•

UK / ˈmʌlti /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'many' or 'more than one'

involvement

US / ɪnˈvɒlvmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑːlvmənt /

noun
Act or process of joining in a particular activity

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

ceasefire

US / ˈsiːsfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsiːsfaɪər /

noun
Agreement by two sides in a war to stop fighting

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

rwanda

US / rʊ'ændə /

•

UK / rʊ'ændə /

other
A landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

explore

US / ɪk'splɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔr /

verb
To examine something in detail to learn about it
To travel to a place to discover more about it

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

expert

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

adjecitve
Having special knowledge or skill
noun
Skillful person with special knowledge

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

active

US / ˈæktɪv /

•

UK / ˈæktɪv /

adjecitve
Moving around a lot or doing many things

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

town

US / taʊn /

•

UK / taʊn /

noun
Small city
Part of city with shops and entertainments

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

mislead

US / ˌmɪs'li:d /

•

UK / ˌmɪs'li:d /

verb
To make someone have the wrong idea about a thing

gaza

US / 'ɪzreɪl /

•

UK / 'ɪzreɪl /

gold

US / gəʊld /

•

UK / goʊld /

noun
Soft yellow metal that is very valuable
Person's name
adjecitve
Dark yellow color often seen in sunsets

belgian

US / 'beldʒən /

•

UK / ˈbɛldʒən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Belgium

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

curious

US / ˈkjʊəriəs /

•

UK / ˈkjʊriəs /

adjecitve
Wanting to know more about something
Attracting interest by being strange or unusual

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

whom

US / hu:m /

•

UK / hum /

pronoun
Used in formal writing or speech

tyre

US / 'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / taɪr /

noun
Rubber rings around wheels on cars and trucks

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

mouth

US / maʊθ /

•

UK / maʊθ /

noun
Hole in the face used for eating and talking
Opening of a container such as a bottle
Area where a river enters a large body of water
verb
To say words without speaking

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

anti

US / 'æntɪ /

•

UK / ˈæntaɪ, -ti /

adjecitve
A prefix meaning 'against' or 'opposed'

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

century

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

noun
Period of 100 years

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

southern

US / ˈsʌðən /

•

UK / ˈsʌðərn /

adjecitve
Concerning a region in the south
Being in or toward the south

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

rebel

US / 'rebl /

•

UK / rɪˈbɛl /

noun
Person who fights against established government
Person who insists on doing things their way
verb
To fight against an established government/power
To resist and fight against existing authority

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

tension

US / 'tenʃn /

•

UK / ˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
Degree to which something is stretched tight

tutsi

US / ˈtutsi /

•

UK / ˈtutsi /

noun
Member of a Bantu speaking people living in Rwanda and Burundi

request

US / rɪ'kwest /

•

UK / rɪˈkwɛst /

noun
Thing that has been asked for
verb
To ask for, usually politely and formally

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

precede

US / prɪ'si:d /

•

UK / prɪˈsid /

verb
To happen or come before something
To go somewhere before a person/thing

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

kinshasa

US / kinˈʃɑ:sə /

•

UK / kɪnˈʃɑsə /

proper noun
The capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), a port on the Congo River, in the

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

islamic

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Islamic

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

chinese

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of China

educational

US / ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃənəl /

adjecitve
Intended to teach or inform

solid

US / 'sɒlɪd /

•

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

adjecitve
Being able to be trusted; reliable
Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
Being well made and expected to last long
Having no space or emptiness inside
Being made entirely of one material or substance
noun
Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

sexual

US / ˈsekʃuəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛkʃuəl /

adjecitve
Relating to men and women and their relationships
Of the physical activity that can produce babies

player

US / ˈpleɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpleɚ /

noun
Machine that plays recorded material
Person who plays a musical instrument
Person who plays games on devices
Person who plays sports

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

decimate

US / 'desɪmeɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛsəˌmet /

verb
to kill a large number of something, or to reduce something severely

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

extraordinarily

US / ɪk'strɔ:dnrəlɪ /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔrdn:ˌɛrɪlɪ /

adverb
Extremely

flare

US / fleə(r) /

•

UK / flɛr /

noun
A brief bright light
Light/fire used to signal for help/warn of danger
Part of an object that spreads or becomes wider
verb
To become angry or excited suddenly
To burn or shine suddenly and briefly
To spread something or make something wider

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

atomic

US / əˈtɒmɪk /

•

UK / əˈtɑ:mɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning atoms

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

protest

US / 'prəʊtest /

•

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

noun
Forceful argument against something
Objection to something
verb
To argue against something in a forceful way
To express a strong objection or dislike

stream

US / stri:m /

•

UK / strim /

noun
Classes split into ability levels
A small river
verb
To send a constant flow of data over the internet
To split classes or students into ability levels

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

nuclear

US / ˈnju:kliə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju- /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving the center of an atom

launch

US / lɔ:ntʃ /

•

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

noun
Starting a new project; introducing new product
Act of firing rockets into the air
verb
To start a new project; start selling a product
To put a rocket into the air
To put a ship into the water for the first time

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

fraction

US / ˈfrækʃn /

•

UK / ˈfrækʃən /

noun
Small part of something

massacre

US / 'mæsəkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæsəkɚ /

noun
Killing of a large number of people
verb
To kill a large number of people

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

adf

US / /

•

UK / /

other

warm

US / wɔ:m /

•

UK / wɔrm /

adjecitve
Friendly, sincere and kind to others
Being friendly or sincere
Slightly hot; not very hot
verb
To become more friendly or to like something
To make something hotter

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

reverberation

US / rɪˌvɜ:bəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˌvɚbəˈreʃən /

noun
Repetition of a sound several times as an echo

incredible

US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

adjecitve
Very good; amazing
Really good; amazing; great
Very hard to believe

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

violence

US / ˈvaɪələns /

•

UK / ˈvaɪələns /

noun
Strong physical force of nature
Use of physical force to harm someone

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

reinforce

US / ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s /

•

UK / ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:rs /

verb
To send more troops/resources to support an army
To encourage or strengthen an idea or feeling
To strengthen a wall or building

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

independence

US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəns /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns /

noun
Having the freedom to make your own decisions

deploy

US / dɪˈplɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈplɔɪ /

verb
To put into position (often a military operation)

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

broker

US / 'brəʊkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbrokɚ /

noun
Person who acts to buy or sell shares in companies
verb
To negotiate a business deal

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

immense

US / ɪˈmens /

•

UK / ɪˈmɛns /

adjecitve
Very great in size or amount

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

northwest

US / 'nɔ:θ'west /

•

UK / nɔrθˈwɛst, nɔrˈwɛst /

adjecitve
Being between west and north
Coming from the northwest, e.g. a northwest wind

hutu

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A member of a Bantu people living in Rwanda and Burundi

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

exit

US / ˈeksɪt /

•

UK / ˈɛɡzɪt, ˈɛksɪt /

noun
A door that you go through to leave a place
Act of leaving a place
verb
To leave a certain place
To stop a computer program after using it

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

censorship

US / ˈsensəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈsensərʃɪp /

noun
Removing inappropriate material from books, films

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

strategic

US / strəˈti:dʒɪk /

•

UK / strəˈtidʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerned with strategy; well thought out

entry

US / ˈentri /

•

UK / ˈɛntri /

noun
Act of entering a room, building, party
Act of starting a career
Person or thing included in a competition or race
Piece of information entered into a computer
Place where one enters a building, stadium etc.
Piece of information in a database, dictionary etc.

exclusive

US / ɪk'sklu:sɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪv /

adjecitve
Being available only to people with a lot of money
Available to only a particular person, group

deserve

US / dɪ'zɜ:v /

•

UK / dɪˈzɚv /

verb
To be worthy of, e.g. getting praise or attention

confidently

US / 'kɒnfədəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfədəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that shows you expect to have no problems

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

surround

US / səˈraʊnd /

•

UK / səˈraʊnd /

other
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
verb
To be all the way around something
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
To move closer on all sides of something

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

army

US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑrmi /

noun
Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

temple

US / 'templ /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpəl /

noun
A flat area on the side of the forehead
Place for worship in many religions

mission

US / 'mɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

noun
A task or role someone is given to do
Special assignment given to a person or group
Group tasked with a specific duty
A task given to someone to gain or achieve
Religious group wishing to convert others
Housing for a religious group working overseas
Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

thoughtful

US / ˈθɔ:tfl /

•

UK / ˈθɔtfəl /

adjecitve
Concerned about needs and feelings of other people

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

agreement

US / əˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / əˈɡrimənt /

noun
Sharing the same opinion or reach a decision

cite

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

verb
To officially order someone to appear in court
To officially praise someone, e.g. for bravery
To reference the work of others in your writing

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

nebula

US / ˈnebjələ /

•

UK / ˈnɛbjələ /

noun
Cloud of dust and gas in outer space

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

genocide

US / ˈdʒenəsaɪd /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌsaɪd /

noun
Deliberate destruction of a group of people

flag

US / flæɡ /

•

UK / flæɡ /

noun
Piece of cloth representing a team, country etc.
verb
To indicate something should get special attention
To work, run etc. more slowly or with less power

displace

US / dɪs'pleɪs /

•

UK / dɪsˈples /

verb
To cause someone to move from their usual place
To substitute something with something else

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

extraction

US / ɪkˈstrækʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrækʃən /

noun
Process of taking something out of something else
Country, region from which a person or family came

tootsie

US / ˈtʊtsi /

•

UK / /

other

swell

US / swel /

•

UK / swɛl /

noun
Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
Act of growing in size or increasing in number
The size of the waves (surfing)
verb
To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
To increase in size or number larger than normal
To become larger than normal, often due to injury

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

plague

US / pleɪɡ /

•

UK / pleɡ /

noun
(Deadly) disease passing rapidly between people
verb
To cause to have continual problems with something

ukraine

US / ju:'kreɪn /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

other
A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

geopolitically

US / /

•

UK / /

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

bomb

US / bɒm /

•

UK / bɑm /

noun
An explosive device
verb
To attack with explosives
To fail or be completely unsuccessful

congo

US / ˈkɔŋɡəu /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋɡo /

other
A major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
A republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in
A republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

prominent

US / ˈprɒmɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈprɑmənənt /

adjecitve
Being important or well known
Being easily noticeable
Sticking out beyond something

superb

US / su:ˈpɜ:b /

•

UK / su:ˈpɜ:rb /

adjecitve
Extremely good

accuse

US / ə'kju:z /

•

UK / əˈkjuz /

verb
To claim that someone has done something wrong

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

nevertheless

US / ˌnevəðəˈles /

•

UK / ˌnevərðəˈles /

adverb
In spite of what has just been said; nonetheless

newly

US / ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:- /

•

UK / ˈnuli, ˈnju- /

adverb
Very recently; just done or made

stability

US / stəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / stəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality or state of being even or consistent

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

dire

US / ˈdaɪə(r) /

•

UK / daɪr /

adjecitve
(E.g. of consequences) very serious

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

coverage

US / ˈkʌvərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈkʌvərɪdʒ /

noun
Type of programs a radio or TV station broadcasts

finger

US / ˈfɪŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪŋɡɚ /

noun
One of the five long parts of the hand
verb
To touch something with the ends of the hands
To identify the person guilty of a crime

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

embassy

US / 'embəsɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛmbəsi /

noun
Building where an ambassador works

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

peacekeeping

US / ˈpi:ski:pɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈpisˌkipɪŋ /

noun
Preservation of peace between warring groups

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

valuable

US / ˈvæljuəbl /

•

UK / ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə- /

adjecitve
Being useful or important
Being worth a lot of money

blockage

US / ˈblɒkɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈblɑ:kɪdʒ /

noun
When object or material prevents onward movement

bell

US / bel /

•

UK / bɛl /

noun
Metal object shaped like a cup that rings when hit
Electronic device that makes a ringing sound

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

denial

US / dɪˈnaɪəl /

•

UK / dɪˈnaɪəl /

noun
Statement which claims that something is not true

creator

US / kriˈeɪtə(r) /

•

UK / kriˈetɚ /

noun
Person who makes something original or new

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

ivory

US / ˈaɪvəri /

•

UK / ˈaɪvəri, ˈaɪvri /

noun
Hard cream-colored substance forming tusks

nineteenth

US / ˌnaɪn'ti:nθ /

•

UK / naɪnˈtinθ /

noun
19th

suspect

US / sə'spekt /

•

UK / səˈspɛkt /

adjecitve
(Of a thing) causing doubt; suspicious
noun
Person thought to have committed a crime
verb
To consider someone is the one guilty of a crime
To doubt or lack trust

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

budget

US / 'bʌdʒɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʌdʒɪt /

adjecitve
Low cost; inexpensive
noun
Amount of money planned to be spent
verb
To make a plan for how to spend your money

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

youtube

US / 'ju:tju:b /

•

UK / 'ju:tu:b /

transitive verb
Upload a video of (someone or something) to the video-sharing website YouTube.

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

angle

US / ˈæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡəl /

noun
Place where two lines or surfaces meet

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

alongside

US / əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd /

•

UK / əˌlɔ:ŋˈsaɪd /

preposition
Side by side with something

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

geographically

US / ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪklɪ /

•

UK / dʒɪəˈɡræfɪklɪ /

adverb
With respect to the earth and its natural features

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

sight

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Things or people that one can see
Range or distance that someone can see
Famous places often visited by tourists
Sense that allows you to see
Act of seeing someone or something
verb
To aim (a gun) at something to get your range
To see something rare or unusual

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

uphold

US / ʌp'həʊld /

•

UK / ʌpˈhold /

verb
To support to keep it being used as it should
To maintain an argument in spite of opposition

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

exclusively

US / ɪk'sklu:sɪvlɪ /

•

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪvlɪ /

adverb
For the use of only one person or group

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

logistic

US / lə'dʒɪstɪkl /

•

UK / loˈdʒɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning planning and organizing a large project

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

semi

US / ˈsemi /

•

UK / ˈsɛmaɪ, ˈsɛmi /

noun
House that shares a wall with another house
prefix
A prefix meaning 'half'

refugee

US / ˌrefjuˈdʒi: /

•

UK / ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi /

noun
Person forced to leave their home e.g. due to war

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

copper

US / 'kɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɑpɚ /

noun
Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

besides

US / bɪˈsaɪdz /

•

UK / bɪˈsaɪdz /

adverb
Other than or in addition to

democratic

US / ˌdeməˈkrætɪk /

•

UK / ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk /

adjecitve
(Of government) giving the people power, a vote
Having certain aspects of democracy

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

ally

US / 'ælaɪ /

•

UK / 'ælaɪ /

noun
Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
verb
To join a group to offer or receive support

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

engulf

US / ɪn'ɡʌlf /

•

UK / ɛnˈɡʌlf /

verb
To completely surround and enclose

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

content

US / 'kɒntent /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛnt /

adjecitve
Being happy or satisfied
noun
Information in something, e.g. book or computer

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

king

US / kɪŋ /

•

UK / kɪŋ /

noun
Person considered the best or top at something
Playing card with the image of a king on it
Key piece in the game of chess
Royal male ruler of a country
Person's name

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

notify

US / 'nəʊtɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈnotəˌfaɪ /

verb
To inform; to communicate specific information

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

catastrophic

US / ˌkætə'strɒfɪk /

•

UK / ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk /

adjecitve
Causing a lot of damage or suffering

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

deposit

US / dɪ'pɒzɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑzɪt /

noun
Concentration of mineral left by a river
Part payment so that an item will be kept for you
Amount of money that is put into a bank account
verb
(Of rivers) to leave a layer of minerals, etc.
To lay down of layers, e.g. of soil, over time
To place or put something down in a certain place
To put money or valuable items in a bank

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

revolt

US / rɪ'vəʊlt /

•

UK / rɪˈvolt /

adjecitve
Causing you to feel distaste or shock
noun
Protest against authority; fight to take control
Often violent rising up against a government
verb
To refuse to obey someone's authority or wishes
To cause someone to feel distaste or shock

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

rubber

US / 'rʌbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrʌbɚ /

noun
Material used to make tires, etc.

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

goma

US / /

•

UK / /

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

generally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

Subtitles section

This video is brought to you by Nebula.

Earlier this month at the African Cup of Nations semi final, the Congolese football team covered their mouths and put two fingers, like a gun, to their temples in a protest against violence in their country and the world's apparent lack of interest.

A resurgence of violence in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo is the latest event in a long running series of conflicts going back decades, which has created one of the most complex and longest humanitarian crises in the world.

But with the eyes of the world largely focused on other conflicts like those in Gaza and Ukraine, the DRC receives relatively little attention, even as anti western protests break out in the country and rebel groups fight to gain more ground and control of valuable natural resources.

So in this video we're going to take a look at what's going on in the DRC, explaining the crisis and it's key players, it's significance and more.

Before we start if you haven't already please consider subscribing and ringing the bell to stay in the loop and be notified when we release new videos.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is extraordinarily rich in natural resources but this has so far resulted in exploitation rather than wealth for regular Congolese people.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, it was the extraction of the state's ivory and rubber that created immense wealth for Europeans, particularly the King of Belgium, while having a catastrophic impact on the native population.

During the Second World War, uranium from the Belgian Congo was used by the United States to build the world's first atomic bombs.

Post Congolese independence in the sixties, lucrative copper and other mining operations in the country's south contributed to Katanga Province's Belgium backed secession attempt, which formed part of the wider Congo crisis.

And today the rich deposits of things like tin, gold and coltan in the Eastern DRC play a key role in the conflicts that continue to afflict the region.

The Eastern DRC has been plagued by violence by various armed groups for nearly three decades.

The region also sits right along the DRC's eastern border, next to Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, with Rwanda in particular having played and still playing an outsized role in the DRC's history.

Perhaps the most prominent armed non state group in the eastern DRC is the March the XXIII movement, known as M XXIII, which is predominantly made up of ethnic Tutsis.

The group's name refers to the date in the year that the DRC government signed a peace agreement to end a previous Tootsie led rebellion.

Years later, in the year of the rebellion, M XXIII launched a new rebellion, accusing the DRC government of failing to uphold the previous agreement.

The group captured swathes of territory and even took control of Goma, the capital of North Kivu, before the revolt was eventually put down by the Congolese army and UN forces, who drove M XXIII out of the country.

community.

Nevertheless, brokered ceasefires haven't really held, and fighting has flared again since the beginning of this year.

It appears that M XXIII is now aiming to capture the strategic town of Sarkey, which is just twenty five kilometres northwest of Goma, home to nearly two million people.

This has led to fears that the group once again has its sights set on taking Goma.

The key thing to know about the group is that while it's a non state group, it is supported by the Rwandan government.

A factor that has contributed to a great deal of tension between the DRC and Rwanda, despite denials by Rwanda.

UN experts have cited solid evidence of Rwandan support for M XXIII.

Not just logistical support but also the supplying of arms and at times the sending of troops to fight alongside the rebels.

It was even reported this month that M XXIII rebels had fired a suspected Rwandan Army surface to air missile

at a UN observation drone.

A UN experts report from last year stated that the Rwandan military's aim in the DRC was to reinforce M XXIII by providing troops and material and to use them to secure control over mine sites, gain political influence in the DRC and decimate the FDLR.

The FDLR by the way is an anti Rwandan government rebel group active in the Eastern DRC, with alleged support from the Congolese government and a considered M XXIII's main rival.

The group is dominated by ethnic Hutus, many of whom fled Rwanda for the DRC after carrying out the the the Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi population.

The genocide preceded the First and Second Congo Wars which engulfed the DRC between the years of the First and Second Congo Wars, resulting in the deaths of millions and millions of people, and the involvement of troops from more than half a dozen African countries, with the reverberations still being felt to this day.

Rwanda's support for M XXIII has helped spark anti Western protests in the DRC due to the generally warm relations that the Rwandan government has with the West.

Protesters in the DRC's capital Kinshasa recently gathered outside the American, French and other Western embassies, plus the UN mission headquarters, where they burned tyres and flags.

The failure of the more than two decade long UN peacekeeping mission to stabilise the region has also contributed to the anger among the local population, and following a request from the Congolese government, the UN mission will leave the country by the end of the year.

Adding to the complex picture in the region are a whole load of other groups, more than one hundred in fact,

that operate in the Eastern DRC.

Some other prominent ones besides M XXIII and the FDLR are the Islamic State Linked Allied Democratic Forces or ADF and the predominantly ethnically Lendu Codeco group.

Within this multi faceted conflict the various armed groups have committed horrendous acts.

Massacres, sexual violence, the use of child soldiers and more.

The conflict in the region has had dire humanitarian consequences.

According to Save the Children, at least one hundred and fifty thousand people have been displaced since February the second, on top of the one million that were displaced in the Eastern DRC through to the end of the year, which in turn formed just a fraction of the roughly seven million internally displaced people across the entire country.

The situation in and around Goma, which is swelling with refugees from the surrounding area, is particularly troubling, as fighting and road blockages prevent the entry and exit of vital supplies.

With the drawing down of the UN's mission, the pressure is now on the Southern African Development Community's newly deployed force to help the DRC in finally establishing lasting peace and stability, things that have proven incredibly elusive over the past decades.

There's no single reason why the conflict in the DRC receives less attention than, say, Gaza or Ukraine.

For many of us it's more geographically distant, and for some it may feel less geopolitically significant.

But the scale of the humanitarian situation, the international and geopolitical angle, and the fact that the device you're watching this on may well be powered by Congolese materials means it deserves far more attention than the rest of the world currently gives it.

As a TLDR viewer, I can pretty confidently say that you're curious about the world around you.

Keen to know what's really going on, rather than just the general media narrative.

And one country where this is particularly interesting is China, where a lot of media coverage can be muddled or misleading.

If you want to dive deeper though, I'd recommend Polymatter's incredible series, China Actually, which explores the truth behind the Chinese news, examining the truth about China's one child policy, why China has no allies, how Chinese censorship really works, and what exactly China's nuclear policy looks like.

All in all, it's a brilliantly researched and thoughtful series, and it's exclusively available on our streaming service, Nebula.

As you know, Nebula is the service that we built with a whole bunch of our creator friends, and is home to tons of smart, educational content from all of your favorite creators.

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